UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2016

Commission File No. 001-35852

Cordia Bancorp Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

11730 Hull Street Road

Midlothian, Virginia 23112

(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

(804) 763-1336

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b–2 of the Exchange Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o   No x

As of May 5, 2016, there were 6,798,250 shares of common stock outstanding.

Item 1.    Consolidated Financial Statements

Cordia Bancorp

Consolidated Balance Sheets

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Cordia Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Cordia Bancorp

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(Unaudited)

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Cordia Bancorp

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Organization

Cordia Bancorp Inc. (“Company” or “Cordia”) was incorporated in 2009 by a team of former bank CEOs, directors and advisors seeking to invest in undervalued community banks in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast. The Company was approved as a bank holding company by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve in November 2010 and granted the authority to purchase a majority interest in Bank of Virginia (“Bank” or “BVA”) at that time.

On December 10, 2010, Cordia purchased $10.3 million of BVA’s common stock at a price of $7.60 per Bank share, resulting in the ownership of 59.8% of the outstanding shares. On August 28, 2012, Cordia purchased an additional $3.0 million of BVA common stock at a price of $3.60 per share.

On March 29, 2013, the Company completed a share exchange with the Bank resulting in the Bank becoming a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. Under the terms of the Agreement and Plan of Share Exchange between the Company and the Bank, each outstanding share of the Bank’s common stock owned by persons other than the Company were exchanged for 0.664 of a share of the Company’s common stock. Shares of the Company’s common stock are listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “BVA”. The Company has owned 100.0% of the Bank’s shares since the completion of the exchange.

On April 10, 2014, Cordia completed the sale of approximately 363 shares of Mandatorily Convertible, Noncumulative, Nonvoting, Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series A, $0.01 par value per share, to accredited investors at a purchase price of $42,500 per share for total gross proceeds of $15.4 million. The capital raise included investments by 100% of Cordia’s directors. The net proceeds of the offering are being used primarily to support the second phase of its organic growth strategy in BVA.

On June 25, 2014, upon stockholder approval, each share of Series A Preferred Stock mandatorily converted into 10,000 shares of Cordia’s common stock at a conversion price of $4.25 per share, for a total issuance of approximately 3,629,871 new shares of common stock, of which 2,229,434 are voting and 1,400,437 are nonvoting. The holders of the Series A Preferred Stock did not receive any dividends under the provisions of the stock purchase agreements.

On May 20, 2015, Cordia announced that it had authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $500,000 of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Repurchase will be conducted through open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions and will be made from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. As of March 31, 2016, the Company had repurchased 21,200 shares.

In the fourth quarter of 2014 the Bank launched CordiaGrad, a private student loan refinancing program aimed at high-achieving graduates with student loans. On March 1, 2016, in order for Cordia to strategically focus on its core business of community banking, the Bank transferred certain assets and marketing arrangements related to CordiaGrad to a newly formed subsidiary and subsequently sold it to Jack C. Zoeller for nominal consideration in return for Mr. Zoeller’s resignation as Cordia’s President and Chief Executive Officer, resignation from the board of both Cordia and the Bank and his agreement to relinquish all of his rights under his employment agreement with Cordia, including all salary and benefits. Mr. Zoeller’s unvested restricted stock and stock options vested in connection with the agreement. No loans were sold as part of the transaction and, as part of the transaction, the Bank agreed to provide certain transition and loan origination services to the new entity acquired by Mr. Zoeller through June 30, 2016.

Cordia’s principal business is the ownership of BVA. Because Cordia does not have any business activities separate from the operations of BVA, the information in this document regarding the business of Cordia reflects the activities of Cordia and BVA on a consolidated basis. References to “we” and “our” in this document refer to Cordia and BVA, collectively.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The Bank was organized under the laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia to engage in a general banking business serving the communities in and around the Richmond, Virginia metropolitan area. The Bank commenced regular operations on January 12, 2004, and is a member of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation and the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta. The Bank is subject to the regulations of the Federal Reserve System and the State Corporation Commission of Virginia. Consequently, it undergoes periodic examinations by these regulatory authorities.

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the financial services industry for interim financial information and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements and prevailing practices within the banking industry. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods or for the year ending December 31, 2016. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (comprising only normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim periods have been included.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2015 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 23, 2016.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include all accounts of the Company and the Bank. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

We provide a summary of our significant accounting policies in our 2015 Form 10-K under “Note 1 – Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies”. There have been no significant changes to these policies during 2016.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-15, “Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern (Subtopic 205-40): Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern.” This update is intended to provide guidance about management’s responsibility to evaluate whether there is substantial doubt about an entity’s ability to continue as a going concern and to provide related footnote disclosures. Management is required under the new guidance to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date the financial statements are issued when preparing financial statements for each interim and annual reporting period. If conditions or events are identified, the ASU specifies the process that must be followed by management and also clarifies the timing and content of going concern footnote disclosures in order to reduce diversity in practice. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods and interim periods within those annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016. Early adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2014-15 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, “Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.” The amendments in ASU 2016-01, among other things: 1) require equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting, or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income; 2) require public business entities to use the exit price notion when measuring the fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes; 3) require separate presentation of financial assets and financial liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset (i.e., securities or loans and receivables); 4) eliminate the requirement for public business entities to disclose the method(s) and significant assumptions used to estimate the fair value that is required to be disclosed for financial instruments measured at amortized cost. The amendments in this ASU are effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-01 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842).” Among other things, in the amendments in ASU 2016-02, lessees will be required to recognize the following for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases) at the commencement date: (1) a lease liability, which is a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, measured on a discounted basis; and (2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Under the new guidance, lessor accounting is largely unchanged. Certain targeted improvements were made to align, where necessary, lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted upon issuance. Lessees (for capital and operating leases) and lessors (for sales-type, direct financing, and operating leases) must apply a modified retrospective transition approach for leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements. The modified retrospective approach would not require any transition accounting for leases that expired before the earliest comparative period presented. Lessees and lessors may not apply a full retrospective transition approach. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-02 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-05, “Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Effect of Derivative Contract Novations on Existing Hedge Accounting Relationships.” The amendments in this ASU clarify that a change in the counterparty to a derivative instrument that has been designated as the hedging instrument does not, in and of itself, require dedesignation of that hedging relationship provided that all other hedge accounting criteria remain intact. The amendments are effective for public business entities for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-07, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Simplifying the Transition to the Equity Method of Accounting.” The amendments in this ASU eliminate the requirement that when an investment qualifies for use of the equity method as a result of an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence, an investor must adjust the investment, results of operations, and retained earnings retroactively on a step-by-step basis as if the equity method had been in effect during all previous periods that the investment had been held. The amendments require that the equity method investor add the cost of acquiring the additional interest in the investee to the current basis of the investor’s previously held interest and adopt the equity method of accounting as of the date the investment becomes qualified for equity method accounting. Therefore, upon qualifying for the equity method of accounting, no retroactive adjustment of the investment is required. In addition, the amendments in this ASU require that an entity that has an available-for-sale equity security that becomes qualified for the equity method of accounting recognize through earnings the unrealized holding gain or loss in accumulated other comprehensive income at the date the investment becomes qualified for use of the equity method. The amendments are effective for all entities for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2016. The amendments should be applied prospectively upon their effective date to increases in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence that result in the adoption of the equity method. Early Adoption is permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2016-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

During March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Employee Shares-Based Payment Accounting.” The amendments in this ASU simplify several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment award transactions including: (a) income tax consequences; (b) classification of awards as either equity or liabilities; and (c) classification on the statement of cash flows. The amendments are effective for public companies for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company is currently assessing the impact that ASU 2016-09 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

On December 10, 2010, the Company purchased 1,355,263 newly issued shares of the common stock of the Bank of Virginia (“BVA”), which gave it a 59.8% ownership interest. In accordance with ASC 805-10, this transaction was considered a business combination. Under the acquisition method of accounting, the assets and liabilities of the Bank were marked to fair value and goodwill was recorded for the excess of consideration paid over net fair value received. Based on the consideration paid and the fair value of the assets received and the liabilities assumed, goodwill of $5.9 million was recorded. Goodwill was determined to be impaired in its entirety during the fourth quarter of 2011. In addition to goodwill, other assets and liabilities of the Bank of Virginia were marked to their respective fair value as of December 10, 2010.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Estimated fair values differed substantially in some cases from the carrying amounts of the assets and liabilities reflected in the financial statements of BVA which, in most cases were valued at historical cost. Subsequent to that date, the fair value adjustments were amortized over the expected life of the related asset or liability or otherwise adjusted as required by generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”).

Interest income is impacted by the accretion of the fair value discount on the loan portfolio as well as the accretion of the accretable discount on loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality.

Non-interest expense is impacted by a rent adjustment related to certain lease commitments being above market as of the day of the investment; and amortization of the core deposit intangible.

On March 29, 2013, the minority shareholders of BVA exchanged their common shares in the Bank for common shares of Cordia. For each share of BVA exchanged, 0.664 shares of Cordia were received. In connection with the exchange, BVA became a wholly-owned subsidiary of Cordia.

In addition, the increased ownership percentage of BVA by Cordia has impacted the accounting of both entities. All of Cordia’s purchase accounting adjustments are now recorded in the BVA financial statements and the Cordia financial statements no longer reflect adjustments for non-controlling interests.

The accretion (amortization) of the acquisition accounting adjustments had the following impact on the financial statements:

Basic earnings per share represents income available to common shareholders divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed issuance.

Options to purchase 125 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock (100% of the stock options outstanding) were not included in the computation of earnings per share for the 2016 period because the share awards exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common stock and, therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive. Options to purchase 144 thousand shares of the Company’s common stock (100% of the options outstanding) were not included in the computation of earnings per share for the 2015 period because the share award exercise prices exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common stock during all periods presented and, therefore, the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

For the periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015, 394,125 and 578,125 shares, respectively, of unvested common stock were excluded from the computation of basic and diluted earnings per common share as they are performance based and not deemed “more likely than not” to vest. All other vested and non-vested restricted common shares, which carry all rights and privilege of a stockholder with respect to the stock, including the right to vote, were included in the basic and diluted per common share calculations.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The calculation for basic and diluted earnings per common share for the periods ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 are as follows:

Our investment portfolio consists of U.S. agency debt and agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities. Our investment security portfolio includes securities classified as available for sale as well as securities classified as held to maturity. We classify securities as available for sale or held to maturity based on our investment strategy and management’s assessment of our intent and ability to hold the securities until maturity. The total securities portfolio (excluding restricted securities) was $82.1 million at March 31, 2016 as compared to $71.7 million at December 31, 2015. At March 31, 2016, the securities portfolio consisted of $44.9 million of securities available for sale, at fair value and $37.2 million of securities held to maturity, at amortized cost.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The table below presents the amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities available for sale at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

The table below presents the carry value, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of securities held to maturity at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The amortized cost and fair value of securities available for sale as of March 31, 2016, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. They are as follows:

The carry value and fair value of securities held to maturity as of March 31, 2016, by contractual maturity are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations without penalties. They are as follows:

As of March 31, 2016, the portfolio is concentrated in average maturities of over ten years, although all recently purchased securities have effective duration much shorter than ten years. The portfolio is available to support liquidity needs of the Company. The Company did not sell available for sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2016. During the three months ended March 31, 2015, the Company sold $13.1 million available for sale securities and recognized a gross gain of $114 thousand in noninterest income.

Unrealized losses on investments at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 were as follows:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

As of March 31, 2016, there were U.S. Government agency securities and agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses totaling $144 thousand. As of December 31, 2015, there were U.S. Government agency securities and agency guaranteed mortgage-backed securities with unrealized losses totaling $497 thousand. All of the unrealized losses are attributable to increases in interest rates and not to credit deterioration. Currently, the Company believes that it is probable that it will be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the investments. Because the decline in market value is attributable to changes in interest rates and not to credit quality and because it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the investments before recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be maturity, the Company does not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired.

Investment securities with combined market values of $13.4 million and $13.8 million were pledged to secure public funds with the State of Virginia at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. We had $22.6 million in securities and $16.8 million in securities pledged to secure FHLB advances at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

Secondary market mortgage loans are designated as held for sale at the time of their origination. These loans are pre-sold with servicing released and the Company does not retain any interest after the loans are sold. These loans consist primarily of fixed-rate, single-family residential mortgage loans which meet the underwriting characteristics of certain government–sponsored enterprises (conforming loans). In addition, the Company requires a firm purchase commitment from a permanent investor before a loan can be committed, thus limiting interest rate risk. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value. Gains on sales of loans are recognized at the loan closing date and are included in noninterest income. The Company had $173 thousand and $220 thousand of residential mortgage loans held for sale as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively.

In the first quarter of 2016, the Company transferred $29.8 million of refinanced private student loans from loans held for investment to loans held for sale. $24.0 million of these loans were subsequently sold in the first quarter of 2016, servicing released. These loans are carried at the lower of cost or fair value and net unrealized losses are recognized through a valuation allowance by charges to operations. The carrying amount of loans held for sale includes principal balances, valuation allowances, and direct costs that are deferred at the time of origination. The Company had $10.5 million of these loans at March 31, 2016. The refinanced private student loans had a valuation allowance of $206 thousand at March 31, 2016. The activity in the valuation allowance is described in the table below:

Loans by Loan Class

The Bank categorizes its loan receivables into four main categories which are commercial real estate loans, commercial and industrial loans, guaranteed student loans, and consumer loans. Each category of loan has a different level of credit risk. Real estate loans are generally safer than loans secured by other assets because the value of the underlying collateral is generally ascertainable and does not fluctuate as much as other assets. Owner occupied commercial real estate loans are generally the least risky type of commercial real estate loan. Non owner occupied commercial real estate loans and construction and development loans contain more risk. Commercial loans, which can be secured by real estate or other assets, or which can be unsecured, are generally more risky than commercial real estate loans. Guaranteed student loans are guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Education for approximately 98% of the principal and interest. Consumer loans may be secured by residential real estate, automobiles or other assets or may be unsecured. Those secured by residential real estate are the least risky and those that are unsecured are the most risky type of consumer loans. Any type of loan which is unsecured is generally more risky than a secured loan due to the higher risk of loss in the event of a default. These levels of risk are general in nature, and many factors including the creditworthiness of the borrower or the particular nature of the secured asset may cause any type of loan to be more or less risky than another. In the commercial real estate category of the loan portfolio the segments are acquisition-development-construction, non-owner occupied and owner occupied. In the consumer category of the loan portfolio the segments are residential real estate, home equity lines of credit and other. Management has not further divided its eight segments into classes. This provides management and the Board with sufficient information to evaluate the risks within the Bank’s portfolio.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following table exhibits loans by sub-segment at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Included in the loan balances above are net deferred loan costs of $1.3 million and $1.7 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Also included in the loan balances above are premiums related to guaranteed student loans of $801 thousand at March 31, 2016 and $827 thousand at December 31, 2015.

Loans Acquired with Evidence of Deterioration in Credit Quality

Acquired in the acquisition of Bank of Virginia and included in the table above, are purchased performing loans and loans acquired with evidence of deterioration in credit quality. The purchased performing loans are $6.1 million and $6.9 million at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. As these loans are re-underwritten, they are removed from the “purchase” classification. The loans acquired with evidence of deterioration in credit quality are accounted for under the guidance ASC 310-30 “Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality.” Information related to these loans is as follows:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

A discount is applied to these loans such that the carrying amount approximates the cash flows expected to be received from the borrower or from the liquidation of collateral. In December 2010, due to the high level of uncertainty regarding the timing and amount of these cash flows, management initially considered the entire discount to be nonaccretable. However, due to improvement in the status of some credits, the majority of the nonaccretable difference was subsequently transferred to accretable yield and is being amortized as a yield adjustment over the lives of the individual loans. Cash flows received on loans with a nonaccretable difference are applied on a cost recovery method, whereby payments are applied first to the loan balance. When the loan balance is fully recovered, payments are then being applied to income. Any future reductions in carrying value as a result of deteriorating credit quality require an allowance for loan losses related to these loans.

A summary of changes to the accretable yield during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 is as follows:

Credit Quality Indicators

Credit risk ratings reflect the current risk of default and/or loss for a given asset. The risk of loss is driven by factors intrinsic to the borrower and the unique structural characteristics of the loan. The credit risk rating begins with an analysis of the borrower’s credit history, ability to repay the debt as agreed, use of proceeds, and the value and stability of the value of the collateral securing the loan. The attributes ordinarily considered when reviewing a borrower are as follows:

The unique structural characteristics ordinarily considered when reviewing a loan are as follows:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

On a quarterly basis, the process of estimating the allowance for loan loss begins with management’s review of the risk rating assigned to individual credits. Through this process, loans adversely risk rated are evaluated for impairment based on ASC 310-40. The following is a summary of the risk rating definitions the Company uses to assign a risk grade to each loan within the portfolio:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following is the distribution of loans by credit quality and segment as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

A summary of the balances of loans outstanding by days past due, including accruing and non-accruing loans by portfolio class as of March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015 is as follows:

Non-accrual Loans

Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes the collection of the principal and interest is doubtful. A delinquent loan is generally placed in nonaccrual status when:

Loans placed on nonaccrual status are reported to the Board at its next regular meeting. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual, all interest which has been accrued is charged back against current earnings as a reduction in interest income, which adversely affects the yield on loans in the period of reversal. No additional interest is accrued on the loan balance until the collection of both principal and interest becomes reasonably certain.

Loans placed on non-accrual status generally may be returned to accrual status after:

When a restructured loan is returned to accrual status after restructuring, the risk rating remains unchanged until a satisfactory payment history is re-established, typically for approximately six months, at which time it is returned to accrual status.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

A summary of non-accrual loans by portfolio class is as follows:

Impaired Loans

All loans that are rated Substandard or worse or are expected to be downgraded to Substandard, require additional analysis to determine if the loan is impaired. All loans that are rated Special Mention are presumed not to be impaired. However, Special Mention rated loans are typically evaluated for the following adverse characteristics that may indicate further analysis is warranted before completing an assessment of impairment:

The following information is a summary of the Company’s policies pertaining to impaired loans:

A loan is deemed impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement will not be collected when due. Factors impairing repayment might include: inadequate repayment capacity, severe erosion of equity, likely reliance on non-primary source of repayment, guarantors with limited resources, and obvious material deterioration in borrower’s financial condition. The possibility of loss or protracted workout exists if immediate corrective action is not taken.

Once deemed impaired, the loan is then analyzed for the extent of the impairment. Impairment is the difference between the principal balance of the loan and (i) the discounted cash flows of the borrower or (ii) the fair market value of the collateral less the costs involved with liquidation (i.e., real estate commissions, attorney costs, etc.). This difference is then reflected as a component in the allowance for loan loss as a specific reserve.

Government Guaranteed Student loans with a past due balance greater than 90 days are not placed on non-accrual and are not considered impaired.  When a loan reaches 120 days past due, the non-guaranteed portion of the loan is charged-off. The guarantor’s payment covers approximately 98% of principal and accrued interest. A component of the general loan loss reserve covers potential losses within the 2% of the non-guaranteed portion of the loans that are less than 120 days past due.

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

Certain loans were identified and individually evaluated for impairment at March 31, 2016 and December 31, 2015. A number of these impaired loans were not charged with a valuation allowance due to Management’s judgment that the cash flows from the underlying collateral or equity available from guarantors was sufficient to recover the Company’s entire investment, while one loan experienced collateral deterioration and a supplemental specific reserve was added. There were no consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate in the process of foreclosure as of March 31, 2016.

The results of those analyses are presented in the following tables.

The following is a summary of related impaired loans, excluding acquired impaired loans, presented by portfolio class as of March 31, 2016:

Cordia Bancorp

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)

The following is a summary of related impaired loans, excluding acquired impaired loans, presented by portfolio class as of December 31, 2015: