Registration Nos. 033-07647
811-04782
AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON FEBRUARY 28, 2020
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE | ||
| SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | [X] | |
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | [_] | |
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 248 | [X] | |
| and/or | ||
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE | ||
| INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | [X] | |
| Amendment No. 255 | [X] | |
| (Check appropriate box or boxes) | ||
| HSBC FUNDS |
| (Exact name of registrant as specified in charter) |
| 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200 |
| Columbus, Ohio 43219-3035 |
| (Address of principal executive offices) |
| Registrant's Telephone Number, including area code: (800) 782-8183 |
| Richard A. Fabietti, President |
| 452 Fifth Avenue |
| New York, New York 10018-2786 |
| (Name and address of agent for service) |
| Please send copies of all communications to: |
| David J. Harris, Esq. |
| Brenden P. Carroll, Esq. |
| Dechert LLP |
| 1900 K Street, N.W. |
| Washington, D.C. 20006-2401 |
| It is proposed that this filing will become effective: | |
| [X] | immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 |
| [ ] | on [ date ] pursuant to paragraph (b) of Rule 485 |
| [ ] | 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 |
| [ ] | on [date ] pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) of Rule 485 |
| [ ] | 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
| [ ] | on [date] pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of Rule 485 |
| If appropriate, check the following box: | |
| [ ] | this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. |

HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc.
HSBC Funds
Prospectus
February 28, 2020
| MONEY MARKET FUNDS | Class A | Class C | Class D | Class E | Class I | Intermediary Class | Intermediary Service Class | Class Y | ||||||||
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund | FTRXX | HUMXX | HGDXX | HGEXX | HGIXX | HGGXX | HGFXX | RGYXX | ||||||||
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | HWAXX | HUCXX | HTDXX | HTEXX | HBIXX | HTGXX | HTFXX | HTYXX |
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
AN INVESTMENT IN A FUND IS NOT A DEPOSIT OF HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AND IS NOT INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY.
| HSBC Funds | Table of Contents | |||
| Summary Section | ||||
| This section summarizes each | 3 | HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund | ||
| Fund’s investment objectives, | 8 | HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | ||
| strategies, fees, risks, and | ||||
| past performance, and | ||||
| provides other information | ||||
| about your account. | ||||
| Additional
Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks | ||||
| This section provides | 13 | More About Risks and Investment Strategies | ||
| additional details about | 13 | Investment Risks of the Funds | ||
| each Fund’s investment | 16 | Other Information | ||
| strategies and risks. | 16 | Who May Want to Invest? | ||
| 16 | More Information About Fund Investments | |||
| 16 | Portfolio Holdings | |||
| Fund Management | ||||
| Review this section for | 17 | The Investment Adviser | ||
| details on the organizations | 18 | The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator | ||
| that provide services to | ||||
| the Funds. | ||||
| Shareholder Information | ||||
| Review this section for | 19 | Pricing of Fund Shares | ||
| details on how | 20 | Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares | ||
| shares are valued, and | 25 | Selling Your Shares | ||
| how to purchase, | 29 | Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges | ||
| sell and exchange shares. | 31 | Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements— | ||
| This section also describes | Revenue Sharing | |||
| related charges and | 31 | Exchanging Your Shares | ||
| payments of dividends | 32 | Delivery of Shareholder Documents | ||
| and distributions. | 32 | Other Information | ||
| 33 | Dividends, Distributions and Taxes | |||
| Financial Highlights | ||||
| Review this section | 36 | HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund | ||
| for details on | 38 | HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | ||
| selected financial | ||||
| statements of the Funds. | ||||
2
HSBC
U.S. Government Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund (the “Fund”) is to provide shareholders of the Fund with liquidity and as high a level of current income as is consistent with the preservation of capital.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C | Class D | Class E | Class I | Intermediary Class |
Intermediary Service Class |
Class Y | ||||||||
| Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | ||||||||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) | None | 1.00% | None | None | None | None | None | None | ||||||||
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class C* | Class D | Class E* | Class I | Intermediary Class |
Intermediary Service Class |
Class Y | ||||||||
| Management Fee | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | ||||||||
| Distribution (12b-1) Fee | 0.00% | 0.75% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Other Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Shareholder Servicing Fee | 0.40% | 0.25% | 0.25% | 0.10% | 0.00% | 0.05% | 0.10% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Other Operating Expenses | 0.16% | 0.16% | 0.16% | 0.06% | 0.06% | 0.16% | 0.16% | 0.16% | ||||||||
| Total Other Expenses | 0.56% | 0.41% | 0.41% | 0.16% | 0.06% | 0.21% | 0.26% | 0.16% | ||||||||
| Total Annual Fund | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | 0.66%** | 1.26% | 0.51% | 0.26% | 0.16% | 0.31%** | 0.36% | 0.26% | ||||||||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement*** | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.13% | 0.16% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 0.66% | 1.26% | 0.51% | 0.25% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0.20% | 0.26% |
| * | During the Fund’s prior fiscal year, Class C Shares and Class E Shares were not operational. Therefore, these amounts have been estimated. | |
| ** | The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current expenses. | |
| *** | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to an annual rate of 0.25%, 0.14%, 0.18%, and 0.20% for Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares, and Intermediary Service Shares, respectively. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between the Fund and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
3
HSBC
U.S. Government Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example takes the Fund’s Expense Limitation Agreement into account for the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class A Shares | $67 | $211 | $368 | $822 | |||||
| Class C Shares | $228 | $400 | $692 | $1,133 | |||||
| Class D Shares | $52 | $164 | $285 | $640 | |||||
| Class E Shares | $26 | $83 | $145 | $330 | |||||
| Class I Shares | $14 | $50 | $88 | $203 | |||||
| Intermediary Shares | $18 | $87 | $161 | $380 | |||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | $20 | $99 | $186 | $440 | |||||
| Class Y Shares | $27 | $84 | $146 | $331 |
For the share class listed below, you would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class C Shares | $128 | $400 | $692 | $1,133 |
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund is a government money market fund and seeks to maintain a stable price of $1.00 per share. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed by the United States or certain U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”) and/or repurchase agreements that are collateralized fully by these types of obligations. In addition, the Fund must invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized fully by these types of obligations. The Fund will invest in securities with maturities of (or deemed maturities of) 397 days or less and will maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less.
The Fund invests in issues of the U.S. Treasury, such as bills, notes and bonds, and issues of U.S. government agencies and instrumentalities established under the authority of an Act of Congress. This includes securities of various U.S. government agencies which, while chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The Fund may invest in, among other things, obligations that are supported by the “full faith and credit” of the United States (e.g., obligations guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association); supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury (e.g., obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association); or supported only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality (e.g., obligations of the Federal Farm Credit Bank). The Fund may also invest in repurchase agreements that are collateralized by U.S. Government Securities, as well as securities of other money market funds that primarily invest in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities.
In purchasing and selling securities for the Fund, portfolio managers consider the credit analysis performed by HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”). Portfolio managers select investments from an approved credit list compiled by the Adviser’s global credit analysts, who have conducted an independent qualitative and quantitative review of each issuer on the list. Safety is prioritized, with additional emphasis placed on liquidity and yield.
4
HSBC
U.S. Government Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Risks
The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: The Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make or perceived to be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal or enters bankruptcy. The issuer or guarantor could also suffer a rapid decrease in credit quality rating, which would adversely affect the volatility of the value and liquidity of the investment. |
| · | Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. A low interest rate environment poses additional risks to the Fund, because low yields on the Fund’s portfolio holdings may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to provide a positive yield to shareholders, pay expenses out of Fund assets, or minimize the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share. The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. |
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may affect the ability of the Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. |
| · | Repurchase Agreements: If the seller in a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, the Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the securities. There is also a risk that the seller of the agreement may become insolvent and subject to liquidation. |
| · | Stable NAV Risk: The Fund may not be able to maintain an NAV per share of $1.00 (a “Stable NAV”) at all times. The failure of other money market funds to maintain a Stable NAV (or the perceived threat of such a failure) could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV. Shareholders of the Fund should not rely on or expect the Adviser or an affiliate to help the Fund maintain a Stable NAV. |
| · | U.S. Government Securities Risk: There are different types of U.S. Government Securities with different levels of credit risk. U.S. Government Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and/or supported by the full faith and credit of the United States have the lowest credit risk. A U.S. government-sponsored entity, although chartered or sponsored by an Act of Congress, may issue securities that are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and are riskier than those that are. |
Risk is inherent in all investing. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Fund at any time.
5
HSBC
U.S. Government Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year to year performance. Past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class I Shares and how performance has varied from year to year. The returns for the Fund’s other share classes will differ from the returns of the Class I Shares shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for
Class I Shares
Bar chart assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions

| Best Quarter: | Q2 2019 | 0.58% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q3 2013 | 0.00% |
The table below lists the average annual total returns for each class of shares for various time periods. As of December 31, 2019, the 7-day yields of the Fund’s Class A, Class D, Class I, Intermediary, Intermediary Service and Class Y Shares were 1.02%, 1.17%, 1.53%, 1.50%, 1.47% and 1.42%, respectively. The 7-day yield information is not provided for Class C and Class E Shares because there were no Class C or Class E shareholders as of December 31, 2019. For current yield information on the Fund, call 1-800-782-8183.
Past performance is not an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Average Annual Total Returns^ (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception
Date |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | Since
Inception |
|||||||
| Class A Shares | May 3, 1990 | 1.61% | 0.64% | 0.33% | 2.43% | ||||||
| Class C Shares(1) (with applicable CDSC) |
Nov. 20, 2006 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.39% | ||||||
| Class D Shares | Apr. 1, 1999 | 1.77% | 0.73% | 0.37% | 1.56% | ||||||
| Class E Shares(1) | July 12, 2016 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.34% | ||||||
| Class I Shares(1) | Dec. 24, 2003 | 2.13% | 0.99% | 0.51% | 1.11% | ||||||
| Intermediary Shares | July 12, 2016 | 2.10% | N/A | N/A | 1.36% | ||||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | July 12, 2016 | 2.07% | N/A | N/A | 1.33% | ||||||
| Class Y Shares | July 1, 1996 | 2.02% | 0.90% | 0.46% | 2.11% |
| ^ | During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Fund received a one-time reimbursement from the Adviser related to past marketing arrangements. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Fund also received a one-time payment in respect of a class action settlement. As a result, the Fund’s total returns for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2010 were higher than they would have been had the Fund not received these payments. | |
| (1) | Class C, Class E and Class I Shares were operational only during a portion of the period since inception. The “Since Inception” return performance is for the period of time the Classes had operations. The 1 year, 5 years and 10 years average annual return is not provided for Class C and Class E Shares because there were no Class C or Class E shareholders as of December 31, 2019. |
6
HSBC
U.S. Government Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Investment Adviser
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Fund’s investment adviser.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Class C Shares are not offered for sale, but are offered as an exchange option for Class C shareholders of certain other HSBC Funds. Purchases and redemptions of Class I Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares may only be made via wire transfer. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Class A and Class D Shares | Minimum Initial Investment |
Minimum Subsequent Investment | ||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| Class C Shares | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class E Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class I Shares | $ | 50,000,000 | $ | 5,000,000 | ||||
| Intermediary Shares | $ | 20,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class Y | $ | 5,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare dividends from net investment income daily and pay such dividends monthly. Net long-term capital gains, if any, will be distributed on an annual basis. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.
7
HSBC
U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund (the “Fund”) is to provide as high a level of current income as is consistent with the preservation of capital and liquidity.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C | Class D | Class E | Class I | Intermediary Class |
Intermediary Service Class |
Class Y | ||||||||
| Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | None | ||||||||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) | None | 1.00% | None | None | None | None | None | None | ||||||||
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A* | Class C* | Class D | Class E* | Class I | Intermediary Class |
Intermediary Service Class |
Class Y | ||||||||
| Management Fee | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | ||||||||
| Distribution (12b-1) Fee | 0.00% | 0.75% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Other Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Shareholder Servicing Fee | 0.40% | 0.25% | 0.25% | 0.10% | 0.00% | 0.05% | 0.10% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Other Operating Expenses | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.08% | 0.08% | 0.18% | 0.18% | 0.18% | ||||||||
| Total Other Expenses | 0.58% | 0.43% | 0.43% | 0.18% | 0.08% | 0.23% | 0.28% | 0.18% | ||||||||
| Total Annual Fund | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | 0.68% | 1.28% | 0.53% | 0.28% | 0.18% | 0.33% | 0.38% | 0.28% | ||||||||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement** | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.15% | 0.18% | 0.00% | ||||||||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 0.68% | 1.28% | 0.53% | 0.25% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0.20% | 0.28% | ||||||||
| * | During the Fund’s prior fiscal year, Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class E Shares were not operational. Therefore, these amounts have been estimated. | |
| ** | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to an annual rate of 0.25%, 0.14%, 0.18%, and 0.20% for Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares, and Intermediary Service Shares, respectively. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between the Fund and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
8
HSBC
U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example takes the Fund’s Expense Limitation Agreement into account for the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class A Shares | $69 | $218 | $379 | $847 | |||||
| Class C Shares | $230 | $406 | $702 | $1,157 | |||||
| Class D Shares | $54 | $170 | $296 | $665 | |||||
| Class E Shares | $26 | $87 | $154 | $353 | |||||
| Class I Shares | $14 | $54 | $97 | $226 | |||||
| Intermediary Shares | $18 | $91 | $170 | $403 | |||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | $20 | $104 | $195 | $463 | |||||
| Class Y Shares | $29 | $90 | $157 | $356 |
For the share class listed below, you would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class C Shares | $130 | $406 | $702 | $1,157 |
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund is a government money market fund and seeks to maintain a stable price of $1.00 per share. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal market conditions, exclusively in direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. The Fund will invest in securities with maturities of (or deemed maturities of) 397 days or less and will maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less.
The U.S. Treasury issues various types of marketable securities consisting of bills, notes, bonds and other debt securities. The Fund will not invest in securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, will not enter into loans of its portfolio securities and will not, under normal conditions, invest in repurchase agreements.
Under adverse market conditions, the Fund may temporarily invest in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasury obligations. These securities may entail more risk than the types of securities in which the Fund typically invests. Additionally, as an alternative to investing in negatively yielding securities, the Fund may also elect to hold uninvested cash with the Fund’s custodian.
9
HSBC
U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Risks
The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: The Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make or perceived to be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal. The issuer or guarantor could also suffer a rapid decrease in credit quality rating, which would adversely affect the volatility of the value and liquidity of the investment. |
| · | Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. A low interest rate environment poses additional risks to the Fund, because low yields on the Fund’s portfolio holdings may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to provide a positive yield to shareholders, pay expenses out of Fund assets, or minimize the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) per share. The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. |
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may affect the ability of the Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. |
| · | Stable NAV Risk: The Fund may not be able to maintain an NAV per share of $1.00 (a “Stable NAV”) at all times. The failure of other money market funds to maintain a Stable NAV (or the perceived threat of such a failure) could adversely affect the Fund’s NAV. Shareholders of the Fund should not rely on or expect the Adviser or an affiliate to help the Fund maintain a Stable NAV. |
Risk is inherent in all investing. You could lose money by investing in the Fund. Although the Fund seeks to preserve the value of your investment at $1.00 per share, it cannot guarantee it will do so. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The Fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to the Fund at any time.
10
HSBC
U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year to year performance. Past performance does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class Y Shares and how performance has varied from year to year. The returns for the Fund’s other share classes will differ from the returns of the Class Y Shares shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for
Class Y Shares
Bar chart assumes reinvestment of dividends and distributions

| Best Quarter: | Q1 2019 | 0.54% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q3 2015 | 0.00% |
The table below lists the average annual total returns for each class of shares for various time periods. As of December 31, 2019, the 7-day yields of the Fund’s Class D, Class I, Intermediary, Intermediary Service and Class Y Shares were 1.15%, 1.51%, 1.49%, 1.47% and 1.40%, respectively. The 7-day yield information is not provided for Class A, Class C, and Class E Shares because there were no Class A, Class C, or Class E shareholders as of December 31, 2019. For current yield information on the Fund, call 1-800-782-8183.
Past performance is not an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.
Average Annual Total Returns^ (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | Since Inception |
|||||||
| Class A Shares(1) | May 24, 2001 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1.08% | ||||||
| Class
C Shares (with applicable CDSC)(1) |
Dec. 24, 2003 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.04% | ||||||
| Class D Shares | May 14, 2001 | 1.70% | 0.69% | 0.35% | 1.00% | ||||||
| Class E Shares(1) | July 12, 2016 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.37% | ||||||
| Class I Shares(1) | Dec. 30, 2003 | 2.06% | 0.94% | 0.47% | 1.19% | ||||||
| Intermediary Shares | July 12, 2016 | 2.04% | N/A | N/A | 1.28% | ||||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | July 12, 2016 | 2.02% | N/A | N/A | 1.31% | ||||||
| Class Y Shares | May 11, 2001 | 1.95% | 0.85% | 0.43% | 1.15% |
| ^ | During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Fund received a one-time reimbursement from the Adviser related to past marketing arrangements. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Fund also received a one-time payment in respect of a class action settlement. As a result, the Fund’s total returns for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2010 were higher than they would have been had the Fund not received these payments. |
| (1) | Class A, Class C, Class E and Class I Shares were operational only during a portion of the period since inception. The “Since Inception” return performance is for the period of time the Classes had operations. The 1 year, 5 years and 10 years average annual return is not provided for Class A, Class C or Class E Shares because there were no Class A, Class C or Class E shareholders as of December 31, 2019. |
11
HSBC
U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund
Summary Section
Investment Adviser
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Fund’s investment adviser.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Class C Shares are not offered for sale, but are offered as an exchange option for Class C shareholders of certain other HSBC Funds. Purchases and redemptions of Class I Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares may only be made via wire transfer. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Class A and Class D Shares | Minimum Initial Investment |
Minimum Subsequent Investment |
||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| Class C Shares | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class E Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class I Shares | $ | 50,000,000 | $ | 5,000,000 | ||||
| Intermediary Shares | $ | 20,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Intermediary Service Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class Y Shares | $ | 5,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare dividends from net investment income daily and pay such dividends monthly. Net long-term capital gains, if any, will be distributed on an annual basis. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.
12
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
More About Risks and Investment Strategies
Each Fund is a series of the HSBC Funds (the “Trust”). The investment objective and strategies of each Fund are non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change in the investment objective or strategies of a Fund, shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their current financial position and needs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved.
Each Fund intends to be a “government money market fund” under Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). “Government money market funds” are money market funds that invest at least 99.5% of their total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed by the United States or certain U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”), and/or repurchase agreements that are collateralized fully by these types of obligations. “Government money market funds” are exempt from provisions under Rule 2a-7 that: (1) require a four digit floating net asset value (“NAV”) per share and (2) permit the imposition of a “liquidity fee” and/or “redemption gate.” In addition, the U.S. Government Money Market Fund must invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized fully by these types of obligations. The U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund must invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. However, under normal market conditions, the U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund intends to invest exclusively in direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. The investment policies to invest at least 80% of net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in the particular type of securities suggested by a Fund’s name exclude cash. Moreover, these investment policies are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust upon 60 days’ notice to Fund shareholders.
Investment Risks of the Funds
Investments in the Funds are subject to investment risks, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. This section provides more detailed information about the Funds’ principal investments and risks. This prospectus does not disclose all the types of securities or investment strategies that the Funds may use. The Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) provides more detailed information about the securities, investment policies and risks described in this prospectus.
Each Fund expects to use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain an NAV of $1.00 per share (a “Stable NAV”), but there is no assurance that the Funds will be able to do so on a continuous basis. The Funds’ performance per share will change daily based on many factors, including the quality of the instruments in each Fund’s investment portfolio, national and international economic conditions and general market conditions.
An investment in the Funds is neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. Shares of a Fund are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, HSBC Bank USA, N.A. or any other bank, and are not federally insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency. A Fund’s sponsor has no legal obligation to provide financial support to a Fund, and you should not expect that the sponsor will provide financial support to a Fund at any time.
As a government money market fund, each Fund must meet the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. This Rule imposes strict requirements on the investment quality, liquidity, maturity, and diversification of each Fund’s investments. Under Rule 2a-7, each Fund’s investments must have a remaining maturity of (or a deemed remaining maturity of) no more than 397 days and each Fund must maintain a dollar-weighted average maturity that does not exceed 60 days and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less.
Institutional investors are encouraged to invest in the Funds. As a result, the Funds may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on a Fund’s performance if the Fund were required to sell securities or invest cash (or leave cash uninvested) at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses, increase a Fund’s transaction costs, and impact liquidity.
13
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds (continued)
There can be no assurance that the investment objectives of each Fund will be achieved. In addition, each Fund’s investment policies, as well as the relatively short maturity of obligations purchased by the Funds, may result in frequent changes in each Fund’s portfolio, which may give rise to taxable gains or losses and reduce investment returns.
During adverse market conditions or when the Adviser believes there is an insufficient supply of appropriate money market instruments in which to invest, a Fund may temporarily hold uninvested cash in lieu of such investments. During periods when such temporary or defensive positions are held, a Fund may be unable to pursue its investment objective. Such positions may also subject a Fund to additional risks, such as increased exposure to cash held at a custodian bank, as well as fees and other costs.
Each of the Funds is subject to one or more of the following investment risks:
| ● Principal Risk | U.S. Government | U.S. Treasury | |
| * Additional Risk | Money Market Fund | Money Market Fund | |
| Risk | |||
| Debt Instruments Risk | ● | ● | |
| Investments In Other Investment Companies | * | ||
| Large Shareholder Transactions Risk | * | * | |
| Market Risk | ● | ● | |
| Repurchase Agreements | ● | * | |
| Stable NAV Risk | ● | ● | |
| U.S. Government Securities Risk | ● |
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: A Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal or enters bankruptcy. Furthermore, the value of a debt instrument may decline if the market believes that the issuer or guarantor is unable or unwilling to make such payments on time. Changes in economic conditions could cause issuers or guarantors of these instruments to be unable or unwilling to meet their financial obligations. |
Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income-producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. In addition, rising interest rates could lead to heightened investment volatility and decreased liquidity. During periods of falling interest rates, borrowers may pay off their debt sooner than expected, forcing the reinvestment of principal proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in less interest income. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, borrowers may pay off their debt later than expected, thereby preventing reinvestment of principal proceeds at higher interest rates, increasing a Fund’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates and resulting in less income to the Fund than potentially available. A low interest rate environment poses additional risks to the Funds, because low yields on a Fund’s portfolio holdings may have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to provide a positive yield to shareholders, pay expenses out of Fund assets, or minimize the volatility of the Fund’s NAV per share. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and a Fund may lose money if these changes are not anticipated by the Adviser. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise or fall (e.g., central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, etc.). The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and a Fund’s investments.
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may negatively affect the ability of a Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| · | Investments in Other Investment Companies: Subject to certain restrictions, the U.S. Government Money Market Fund may invest in securities issued by other money market funds that primarily invest in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities. Such securities will be acquired by the Fund within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. Investors should recognize that the purchase of securities of other investment companies results in duplication of expenses such that investors indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such companies, including investment advisory and administrative services fees. |
14
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds (continued)
| · | Large Shareholder Transactions: A Fund may be adversely impacted when certain large shareholders, including institutional investors, purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund, which may occur rapidly or unexpectedly. As a result, the Funds may experience redemptions resulting in large outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on a Fund’s performance and/or portfolio construction if the Fund were required to sell securities at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses and increase a Fund’s transaction costs or decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio. Similarly, large purchases of Fund shares may adversely affect a Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash or otherwise maintains a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. Large redemptions of Fund shares could also result in a Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio. Although large shareholder transactions may be more frequent under certain circumstances, a Fund is generally subject to the risk that a large shareholder can purchase or redeem a significant percentage of Fund shares at any time. Moreover, a Fund is subject to the risk that other shareholders may make investment decisions based on the choices of a large shareholder, which could exacerbate any potential negative effects experienced by a Fund. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of a Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Issuer, political, economic, regulatory, social or market developments can affect a single issuer, issuers within an industry or economic sector, or the market as a whole. In the short term, a Fund’s investments can fluctuate dramatically in response to these developments. Different parts of the market and different types of securities can react differently to these developments. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. |
| · | Repurchase Agreements: The use of repurchase agreements, in which a party buys a security from another party (“seller”) and the seller agrees to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon date and price (which reflects a market rate of interest), involves certain risks. If the seller in a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, a Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the securities. The Funds may also suffer time delays and incur expenses in connection with the disposition of the securities. There is also a risk that the seller of the agreement may become insolvent and subject to liquidation. |
| · | Stable NAV Risk: Each Fund expects to use the amortized cost method of valuation to seek to maintain a Stable NAV. However, the Funds may not be able to maintain a Stable NAV. If any money market fund fails to maintain a Stable NAV (or if there is a perceived threat of such a failure), other money market funds, including the Funds, could be subject to increased redemption activity, which could adversely affect the Funds’ NAV. Shareholders of the Funds should not rely on or expect the Adviser or an affiliate to purchase distressed assets from the Funds, make capital infusions into the Funds, enter into capital support agreements with the Funds or take other actions to help the Funds maintain a Stable NAV. |
| · | U.S. Government Securities Risk: There are different types of U.S. Government Securities with different levels of credit risk. Some U.S. Government Securities are issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Other types of U.S. Government Securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States (but not issued by the U.S. Treasury). These securities have the lowest credit risk. Still other types of U.S. Government Securities are: (1) supported by the ability of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (2) supported only by the credit of the issuing agency, instrumentality or government-sponsored corporation; (3) supported by pools of assets (e.g., mortgage-backed securities); or (4) supported by the United States in some other way. Certain U.S. Government Securities are riskier than others. The relative level of risk depends on the nature of the particular security and government support. A U.S. government-sponsored entity, although chartered or sponsored by an Act of Congress, may issue securities that are neither insured nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury and are riskier than those that are. Regarding certain federal agency securities or government sponsored entity securities (such as debt securities or mortgage-backed securities issued by Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal Home Loan Banks, and other government sponsored agencies), investors should be aware that although the issuer may be chartered or sponsored by an Act of Congress, the issuer is not funded by congressional appropriations, and its securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. Treasury. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have been operating under conservatorship, with the Federal Housing Finance Agency acting as their conservator, since September 2008. This risk does not apply to the HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, which normally invests only in obligations of the U.S. Treasury and does not invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government. |
15
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
Other Information
To the extent authorized by law, each Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time, merge, reorganize itself or any class of shares or cease operations and liquidate.
Who May Want To Invest?
Consider investing in the Funds if you are:
| · | Seeking preservation of capital |
| · | Investing for short-term needs |
| · | Have a very low risk tolerance |
| · | Willing to accept lower potential returns in exchange for a higher degree of safety |
The Funds will not be appropriate for anyone:
| · | Seeking high total returns |
| · | Pursuing a long-term goal or investing for retirement |
More Information About Fund Investments
This prospectus describes the Funds’ principal strategies, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities described in this prospectus. However, in addition to the investments and strategies described in this prospectus, each Fund also may invest in other securities and engage in other investment practices. These securities and investment practices, as well as those described in this prospectus, are described in detail in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Of course, a Fund cannot guarantee that it will achieve its investment goal.
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the SAI and on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. To request a copy of the SAI, please refer to the back cover of this prospectus.
16
Fund Management
The Investment Adviser
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10018, is the investment adviser for the Funds, pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank USA, N.A., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA, Inc., a registered bank holding company (collectively “HSBC”). HSBC currently provides investment advisory services for individuals, trusts, estates and institutions. As of September 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $98.9 billion in assets under management.
Through its portfolio management team, the Adviser makes the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Funds’ investment programs pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement. The Adviser also provides certain operational support services to the Funds at the annual rate of 0.10% of a Fund’s average daily net assets of Class A, Class C, Class D, Intermediary Class, Intermediary Service Class and Class Y (as applicable), pursuant to an Operational Support Services Agreement, but these fees are not charged to Class E Shares or Class I Shares.
The Trust and the Adviser have each received an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to enter into new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with certain unaffiliated subadvisers with the approval of the Board of Trustees of the Trust, but without shareholder approval. None of the Funds currently use the services of a subadviser. However, the conditions under the exemptive order could be applied to the use of one or more unaffiliated subadvisers at a future time. In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of the Government Money Market Fund, receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to sub-advisory contracts that may be in effect at the time with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that the Government Money Market Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
For advisory and operational support services, during the last fiscal year the Funds paid fees (net of fee waivers) as follows:
| Percentage
of average net assets for Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/19 | |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | 0.10% |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | 0.12% |
The Adviser may voluntarily waive fees from time to time. For example, the Adviser may voluntarily undertake to waive fees in the event that a Fund’s yield drops below a designated level. Once started, there is no guarantee that the Adviser will continue to voluntarily waive a portion of its fees following commencement of such a waiver. Such waivers will impact a Fund’s performance. The Adviser has entered into an Expense Limitation Agreement with each Fund with respect to the Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares under which it will limit the total expenses of each respective Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to the annual rates shown in the table below:
| E Shares | I Shares | Intermediary Shares | Intermediary
Service Shares | |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | 0.25% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0.20% |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | 0.25% | 0.14% | 0.18% | 0.20% |
Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by a Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause a Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement is available in the Funds’ April 30, 2019 semi-annual report and will be available in the April 30, 2020 semi-annual report.
17
Fund Management
The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator
The Adviser also serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. The Administrator has retained Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, OH 43219, as sub-administrator to the Funds (the “Sub-Administrator”). Administrative services provided by the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space, equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”), a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), is the Trust’s principal underwriter and acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares.
The SAI has more detailed information about the Adviser, Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator, and other service providers. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
18
Shareholder Information
Pricing of Fund Shares
| How NAV is Calculated |
The NAV for each class of shares is calculated by dividing the total value of a Fund’s investments and other assets attributable to a class, less any liabilities attributable to that class, by the total number of outstanding shares of that class:
| NAV = | Total Assets – Liabilities |
| Number of Shares | |
| Outstanding |
| The value of assets in each Fund’s portfolio is determined based on the amortized cost method of valuation. This method involves valuing an instrument at its cost and thereafter applying a constant amortization to maturity of any discount or premium, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the investment. |
|
The NAV of the Funds is determined every hour starting at 10:00 a.m. Eastern Time on each day on which U.S. bond markets are open for trading (a “Money Market Business Day”). The final NAV is determined at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund and at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund. The Funds reserve the right to amend the times at which they determine NAV, or to determine NAV more or less frequently. The Funds reserve the right to close early based on recommendations by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association. If such closing time is prior to the time at which a Fund currently determines its NAV, the earlier closing time will be treated as the last time by which orders on that Money Market Fund Business Day must be received and NAV is calculated.
An order for shares of any Fund accepted on a Money Market Business Day prior to the last determination of the NAV for that Fund will receive the dividend declared for the Fund on that Money Market Business Day. An order for shares of a Fund accepted on a Money Market Business Day after the last NAV determination for that Fund will be effected at the first NAV determined on the next Money Market Business Day, and will start earning dividends on that Money Market Business Day. Orders for shares accepted on a Money Market Business Day after the last NAV determination will not earn dividends or receive any other compensation until those orders settle the following Money Market Business Day.
If you sell Class C Shares, a contingent deferred sales charge may apply, which would reduce the amount of money paid to you by a Fund. For more information about sales charges, see the section on “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges.”
|
19
Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares |
Purchasing Shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds through the Funds’ Transfer Agent or through banks, brokers and other investment representatives, which may charge additional fees and may require higher minimum investments or impose other limitations on buying and selling shares. If you purchase, redeem or exchange shares through a bank, broker or other investment representative, that party is responsible for transmitting orders to the Funds’ Transfer Agent and may have an earlier cut-off time for purchase, redemption and exchange orders. Purchase, redemption and exchange orders will be executed at the NAV next calculated after the Funds’ Transfer Agent has received and accepted the order in good order.
In addition, certain banks, brokers and other investment representatives are authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers. If a bank, broker or other investment representative is authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders (and provided such authorized agent complies with its agreement with the Trust or the Distributor), a Fund or the Funds’ Transfer Agent will be deemed to have received an order for the purchase, redemption or exchange of Fund shares when the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, and the order will be executed at the NAV next calculated. Each authorized agent’s agreement with the Trust or the Distributor allows orders to be executed at the NAV next calculated, after the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, although the order may not be transmitted to the Trust or the Funds’ Transfer Agent until after the time at which a Fund next calculates its NAV.
In general, “good order” means that payment for your purchase and all the information needed to complete your order must be received by a Fund, the Funds’ Transfer Agent or their authorized agents before your order is processed. Purchase proceeds must be received by 6:00 p.m. Eastern time.
You should contact the bank, broker or other investment representative through whom you purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds to learn whether it is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the Trust. You should also consult such bank, broker or other investment representative for specific information about the purchase, redemption and/or exchange of Fund shares. |
The Funds offer the eight classes of shares described below.
CLASS A SHARES and CLASS Y SHARES are offered to the public, and to customers of shareholder servicing agents and certain securities brokers that have a dealer or shareholder servicing agreement with the Distributor or the Trust, on a continuous basis.
CLASS C SHARES are not offered for sale, but are offered as an exchange option for Class C shareholders of the Trust’s other investment portfolios. See “Exchanging Your Shares.”
CLASS D SHARES are similar to Class A Shares, except that Class D Shares are offered to clients of the Adviser’s affiliates, certain retirement plans, certain institutional clients and some third party providers. Class D Shares are subject to lower shareholder servicing fees.
CLASS E SHARES are offered primarily for investment through portal providers, intermediaries (anyone facilitating the purchase of a Fund by its clients), and institutional direct clients, if they meet the investment minimums on the following page. Purchases and redemptions of Class E Shares may only be made via wire transfer.
CLASS I SHARES are offered primarily for direct investment by institutional investors, such as corporations, foundations, municipalities and other governmental entities, banks, and trust companies, as well as to other investors who meet the investment minimums on the following page. Class I Shares are also available for investment by other investment companies and products advised by the Adviser or its affiliates, employees of the Adviser, and members of the Trust’s Board of Trustees. Purchases and redemptions of Class I Shares may only be made via wire transfer.
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
INTERMEDIARY SHARES are offered primarily through intermediaries and bank sweep programs. Purchases and redemptions of Intermediary Shares may only be made via wire transfer.
INTERMEDIARY SERVICE SHARES are offered primarily through intermediaries and bank sweep programs. Purchases and redemptions of Intermediary Service Shares may only be made via wire transfer.
All purchases must be in U.S. dollars. A fee will be charged for any checks that do not clear. Third-party checks, money orders, traveler’s checks and credit card convenience checks are not accepted. Bank starter checks will not be accepted for initial purchases. Purchases of Class I Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares may only be made via wire transfer.
A Fund may reject a purchase order if the Fund considers it in the best interest of the Fund and its shareholders. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors.
Investment minimums for any class may be waived or lowered, at the discretion of the Adviser, for investments in a Fund by clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, or in other situations where the Adviser determines that it is in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders to do so.
| Class A and Class D Shares | Minimum Initial Investment* | Minimum Subsequent Investment* | ||||||
| Regular | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| (non-retirement) | ||||||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic | ||||||||
| Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| Class C Shares** | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class E Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class I Shares*** | $ | 50,000,000 | $ | 5,000,000 | ||||
| Inter. Shares | $ | 20,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Inter. Serv. Shares | $ | 10,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| Class Y Shares | $ | 5,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. | |
| ** | There is no minimum requirement to exchange in to Class C Shares. | |
| *** | Class I Shares are available for investment by investment companies advised by the Adviser and employees of the Adviser, its affiliates and members of the HSBC Funds’ Board of Trustees, without regard to these minimums. |
|
Avoid 24% Tax Withholding
The Funds are required to withhold 24% of taxable dividends, capital gains distributions and redemptions paid to shareholders who have not provided the Funds with their certified taxpayer identification number in compliance with Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) rules, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. To avoid tax withholding, make sure you provide your correct tax identification number (social security number for most investors) on your Account Application and required certifications. |
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Instructions for Opening or Adding to an Account
By Regular Mail or By Overnight Service
Initial Investment:
If purchasing through your financial advisor or brokerage account, simply tell your advisor or broker that you wish to purchase shares of the Funds and he or she will take care of the necessary documentation. For all other purchases, follow the instructions below.
| 1. | Carefully read, complete, and sign the Account Application. Establishing your account privileges now saves you the inconvenience of having to add them later. A copy of the application can be obtained on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. |
| 2. | Make your check payable to “HSBC Funds” and include the name of the appropriate Fund(s) on the check. |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Subsequent Investment:
| 1. | Use the investment slip attached to your account statement. | |
| Or, if unavailable, | ||
| 2. | Include the following information in writing: | |
| · | Fund name | |
| · | Share class | |
| · | Amount invested | |
| · | Account name | |
| · | Account number | |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
|
Electronic vs. Wire Transfer
Wire transfers allow financial institutions to send funds to each other, almost instantaneously. With an electronic purchase or sale, the transaction is made through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) and may take up to eight days to clear. There is generally no fee for ACH transactions. |
Electronic Purchases
Your bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank. Your bank or broker may charge for this service.
Select the electronic purchase option on your Account Application or call 1-800-782-8183. Your account can generally be set up for electronic purchases within 15 days.
Call 1-800-782-8183 to arrange a transfer from your bank account.
By Wire Transfer
For information on how to request a wire transfer, call 1-800-782-8183.
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Automatic Investment Plan
You can make automatic investments in the Funds from your bank account, through payroll deduction or from your federal employment, Social Security or other regular government checks. Automatic investments can be as little as $25, once you have invested the $250 minimum required to open the account.
To invest regularly from your bank account: Complete the Automatic Investment Plan portion on your Account Application.
Make sure you note:
| § | Your bank name, address and account number | |
| § | The amount you wish to invest automatically (minimum $25) | |
| § | How often you want to invest (every month, 4 times a year, twice a year or once a year) | |
| § | Attach a voided personal check. |
|
Directed Dividend Option
By selecting the appropriate box on the Account Application, you can elect to receive your distributions (capital gains and dividends) in cash (check) or have distributions reinvested in the applicable Fund or reinvested in another HSBC Fund without a sales charge. You must maintain the minimum balance in each Fund into which you plan to reinvest dividends or the reinvestment will be suspended and your dividends paid to you. The Funds may modify or terminate this reinvestment option without notice. You can change or terminate your participation in the reinvestment option at any time by calling 1-800-782-8183. |
To invest regularly from your paycheck or government check:
Call 1-800-782-8183 for an enrollment form.
Customer Identification Information
To help the U.S. Government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person that opens a new account, and to determine whether such person’s name appears on U.S. Government lists of known or suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations.
As a result, the Funds must obtain the following information for each person that opens a new account:
| · | Name; | |
| · | Date of birth (for individuals); | |
| · | Residential or business street address (although post office boxes are still permitted for mailing); and | |
| · | Social security number, taxpayer identification number, or other identifying number. |
You may also be asked for a copy of your driver’s license, passport or other identifying document in order to verify your identity. In addition, it may be necessary to verify your identity by cross-referencing your identification information with a consumer report or other electronic database. Additional information may be required to open accounts for corporations and other entities.
Federal law prohibits the Funds and other financial institutions from opening a new account unless they receive from an investor the minimum identifying information listed above. After an account is opened, the Funds may restrict your ability to purchase additional shares until your identity is verified. The Funds may close your account or take other appropriate action if they are unable to verify your identity within a reasonable time.
If your account is closed for this reason, your shares will be redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the account is closed.
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Restrictions on Offers and Sales to Canadian Residents
The shares described in this prospectus may only be distributed in Canada through HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited, and this prospectus may not be used to solicit, and will not constitute a solicitation of, an offer to buy shares in Canada unless such solicitation is made by HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited. A distribution or solicitation may be deemed to occur in Canada where a distribution or solicitation is made to a person (including an individual, corporation, trust, partnership or other entity, or other legal person) resident or otherwise located in Canada at the applicable time. For these purposes, the following persons will generally be considered to be a Canadian resident:
| 1 | An individual, if | ||
| · | the individual’s primary principal residence is located in Canada; or | ||
| · | the individual is physically located in Canada at the time of the offer, sale or other relevant activity. | ||
| 2 | A corporation, if | ||
| · | the corporation’s head office or principal office is located in Canada; or | ||
| · | securities of the corporation that entitle the holder to elect a majority of the directors are held by Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or by legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or | ||
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the corporation are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). | ||
| 3 | A trust, if | ||
| · | the principal office of the trust (if any) is located in Canada; or | ||
| · | the trustee (or in the case of multiple trustees, the majority of trustees) are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or are legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or | ||
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the trust are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). | ||
| 4 | A partnership, if | ||
| · | the partnership’s head office or principal office (if any) is located in Canada; or | ||
| · | the holders of the majority of the interests of or in the partnership are held by Canadian Residents (as described above); or | ||
| · | the general partner (if any) is a Canadian Resident (as described above); or | ||
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the partnership are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). | ||
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Shareholder Information
| Selling Your Shares |
Generally, you may sell your Fund shares at any time. Your sales price will generally be the next NAV calculated after your sell order is received and accepted in good order by a Fund, its transfer agent, or your investment representative, as described under “Purchasing Shares” above. You may receive proceeds of your sale in a check, ACH, or federal wire transfer.
|
Withdrawing Money from Your Fund Investment
As a mutual fund shareholder, you are technically selling shares when you request a withdrawal in cash. This is also known as redeeming shares or a redemption of shares.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
When you sell Class C Shares, you will be charged a fee for any shares that have not been held for a sufficient length of time. These fees will be deducted from the money paid to you. See the sections on “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” and “Exchanging Your Shares” for details. |
Instructions for Selling Shares
If selling your Fund shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for redemption procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your redemption. For all other sales transactions, follow the instructions below.
By Telephone
(unless you have declined telephone sales privileges)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 with instructions as to how you wish to receive your funds (mail, wire, electronic transfer). (See “Selling Your Shares—Verifying Telephone Redemptions”) |
By Mail or Overnight Service
(See “Selling Your Shares—Redemptions in Writing Required”)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 to request redemption forms or write a letter of instruction indicating: | |
| · | your Fund and account number | |
| · | amount you wish to redeem | |
| · | address where your check should be sent | |
| · | account owner’s signature | |
| 2. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Wire Transfer
You must select this option on your Account Application. Call 1-800-782-8183 to request a wire transfer. If you call by the cut-off time for redemptions (at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the U.S. Government Money Market Fund and at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund), your payment will normally be wired to your bank on the same business day. Otherwise, it normally will be wired on the following business day. A Fund may, in its sole discretion and subject to the needs of the Fund’s Portfolio Management team, seek to satisfy wire transfer requests on an intraday basis.
The Fund may charge a wire transfer fee.
NOTE: Your financial institution may also charge a separate fee.
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Shareholder Information
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Electronic Redemptions
Call 1-800-782-8183 to request an electronic redemption.
Your bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank. Your bank may charge for this service.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
You can receive automatic payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. The minimum withdrawal is $50. To activate this feature:
| · | Make sure you have checked the appropriate box on the Account Application, or call 1-800-782-8183. | |
| · | Include a voided personal check. | |
| · | Your account must have a value of $10,000 or more to start withdrawals. |
If the value of your account falls below $1,000, you may be asked to add sufficient funds to bring the account back to $1,000, or the Fund may close your account and mail the proceeds to you.
Redemptions In Writing Required
You must request redemptions in writing for certain types of redemptions from Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) and for redemption requests requiring a Medallion Signature Guarantee. A Medallion Signature Guarantee for all registered owners or their legal representative is needed in the following situations:
| · | You want to redeem shares with a value of $50,000 or more and you want to receive the proceeds in the form of a check; | |
| · | You want your payment sent to an address, bank account or payee other than the one currently designated on your account; | |
| · | You want the redemption proceeds to be transferred to another Fund account with a different registration; or | |
| · | Other unusual situations as determined by the Funds’ transfer agent. |
You must obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee from members of the STAMP (Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program), MSP (New York Stock Exchange Signature Program) or SEMP (Stock Exchanges Medallion Program). Members are subject to dollar limitations that must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The transfer agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper.
The transfer agent reserves the right to waive signature guarantee requirements, require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or reject or delay a redemption if the signature guarantee is not in good form. Faxed signature guarantees are generally not accepted. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. The transfer agent reserves the right to reject a signature guarantee if it is not provided by a STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantor. The transfer agent may also request a letter from a surviving joint owner before fulfilling a redemption request.
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Shareholder Information
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Non-Financial Transactions
The transfer agent accepts a signature guarantee from a notary public in any of the following non-financial transactions:
| · | A change of name; | |
| · | Add or change banking instructions (the bank account must have at least one common owner with the owner of the Fund account); | |
| · | Add or change beneficiaries; | |
| · | Add or change authorized account traders; | |
| · | Add a Power of Attorney; | |
| · | Add or change a Trustee; or | |
| · | A UTMA/UGMA custodian change. |
Verifying Telephone Redemptions
The Funds attempt to ensure that telephone redemptions are only made by authorized shareholders. All telephone calls are recorded for your protection and you will be asked for information to verify your identity. Proceeds of telephone redemption requests will be sent to your address of record or authorized account designated in the current records of the Transfer Agent (unless you provide written instructions and a Medallion signature guarantee, indicating another address or account). For the 15-day period following a change of account address, telephone redemptions will only be filled by a wire transfer to the authorized account designated in the current records of the transfer agent. In order to receive the redemption by check during this time period, the redemption request must be in the form of a written letter (a Medallion signature guarantee may be required). Given these precautions, unless you have specifically indicated on your Account Application that you do not want the telephone redemption feature, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders.
Redemptions Within 10 Days of Shares Purchased by Check
When you have made an investment by check and subsequently request a redemption you will not receive the redemption proceeds until the Funds’ transfer agent is satisfied that the check has cleared (which may require up to 10 business days).
Redemption Proceeds
The Funds typically expect that they will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Funds may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests. In addition, under stressed market conditions, as well as for temporary or emergency purposes, the Funds may distribute redemption proceeds in kind, access a line of credit or overdraft facility, or borrow through other sources to meet redemptions. Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay, above certain limits, all or part of any redemption proceeds in kind, that is, in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price. If the Funds make a payment in kind, the securities will be valued in the same manner as NAV is calculated. The Funds may provide these securities in lieu of cash without prior notice. You would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains you may realize from the sale, or from the sale of securities you receive. Additional information is available in the Funds’ SAI.
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Shareholder Information
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Delay or Suspension in Payment of Redemption Proceeds
Upon receipt of a proper redemption request submitted in a timely manner and otherwise in accordance with the redemption procedures set forth in this prospectus, each Fund will redeem the requested shares and make a payment to you in satisfaction thereof no later than the business day following the redemption request. A Fund may postpone and/or suspend redemption and payment beyond one business day only as follows:
| · | For any period during which there is a non-routine closure of the Fedwire or applicable Federal Reserve Banks; | |
| · | For any period (1) during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed other than customary week-end and holiday closings or (2) during which trading on the New York Stock Exchange is restricted; | |
| · | For any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which (1) disposal of securities owned by a Fund is not reasonably practicable or (2) it is not reasonably practicable for a Fund to fairly determine the net asset value of its shares; | |
| · | For any period during which the SEC has, by rule or regulation, deemed that (1) trading shall be restricted or (2) an emergency exists; | |
| · | For any period that the SEC may by order permit for your protection; or | |
| · | For any period during which a Fund, as part of a necessary liquidation of the Fund, has properly postponed and/or suspended redemption of shares and payment in accordance with federal securities laws. |
In addition, a temporary hold may be placed on the disbursement of redemption proceeds from an account if there is a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of a Specified Adult (as defined below) has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Notice of such a delay will be provided in accordance with regulatory requirements. This temporary hold will be for an initial period of no more than 15 business days while an internal review of the facts and circumstances of the suspected financial exploitation is conducted, but the temporary hold may be extended for up to 10 additional business days if the internal review supports the belief that financial exploitation has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Both the initial and additional hold on the disbursement may be terminated or extended by a state regulator or an agency or court of competent jurisdiction. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “Specified Adult” refers to an individual who is (1) a natural person age 65 and older; or (2) a natural person age 18 and older who is reasonably believed to have a mental or physical impairment that renders the individual unable to protect his or her own interests.
Closing of Small Accounts
If your account falls below $50 due to redemptions, a Fund may ask you to increase your balance. If it is still below $50 after 30 days, a Fund may close your account and send you the proceeds at the current NAV.
Undeliverable or Uncashed Checks
Any check tendered in payment of a redemption transaction that cannot be delivered by the post office or which remains uncashed for more than six months may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed redemption checks.
Any check tendered in payment of dividends or other distributions that cannot be delivered by the post office or which remains uncashed for more than six months may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV, and if a Fund cannot locate the shareholder, the dividend option may be changed from cash to reinvest. Distributions are reinvested on the pay date at the NAV determined at the close of business on that date.
Unclaimed Accounts
Per state requirements, property may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
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Shareholder Information
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges |
This section describes the sales charges and fees you will pay as an investor in different share classes offered by the Funds.
| Class
A Shares |
Class
C Shares |
Class
D Shares |
Class
E Shares |
Class
I Shares |
Intermediary Class Shares |
Intermediary Service Class Shares |
Class
Y Shares | |
Sales Charge (Load)
|
No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. A CDSC may be imposed on shares redeemed within one year after purchase. Shares automatically convert to Class A Shares after 5 years. | No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. | No front-end sales charge. |
Distribution (12b-1) and Servicing Fees |
Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.60% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares. | Subject to combined annual distribution and shareholder servicing fees of up to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares. | Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class D Shares. | Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class E Shares. | No distribution or servicing fees. | Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.05% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Intermediary Shares. | Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Intermediary Service Shares. | No distribution or servicing fees. |
Fund Expenses |
Lower annual expenses than C Shares. | Higher annual expenses than Class A, D, E, I, Intermediary, Intermediary Service or Y Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A or C Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A, C, D or Y Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A, C, D, E, Intermediary, Intermediary Service or Y Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A, C, D, E, Intermediary Service or Y Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A, C, D or E Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A, C or D Shares. |
Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Funds have adopted Distribution (“12b-1”) Plans for Class A, Class C, and Class D Shares. 12b-1 fees compensate the Distributor and other dealers and investment representatives for services and expenses relating to the sale and distribution of the Funds’ shares and/or for providing shareholder services. 12b-1 fees are paid from Fund assets on an ongoing basis, and will decrease the return on your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The Funds have also adopted a Shareholder Services Plan for Class A, Class C, Class D, Class E, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares. The Shareholder Services Plan provides that certain financial institutions and securities brokers (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) provide certain services to the shareholders of the Funds, including performing certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions.
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Shareholder Information
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
| · | The 12b-1 and shareholder servicing fees vary by share class as follows: | ||
| · | Class A Shares may pay a 12b-1 fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares of a Fund. Class A Shares have a non-compensatory 12b-1 Plan. No payments have been made under this plan and there is no current intention to charge this fee. | ||
| · | Class C Shares pay a 12b-1 fee of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the respective classes of a Fund. This will cause expenses for Class C Shares to be higher and dividends to be lower than for Class A, Class D, Class E, Class I, Intermediary, Intermediary Service and Class Y Shares. | ||
| · | Class D Shares may pay a 12b-1 fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of Class D Shares of a Fund. Class D Shares have a non-compensatory 12b-1 Plan. No payments have been made under this plan and there is no current intention to do so. | ||
| · | Class E, Class I, Intermediary, Intermediary Service and Class Y Shares do not pay a 12b-1 fee. | ||
| · | The higher 12b-1 fees on Class C Shares, together with the CDSC, help sell Class C Shares without an “up-front” sales charge. In particular, these fees help to defray the costs of advancing brokerage commissions to investment representatives. | ||
| · | In addition to the 12b-1 fees, Class A Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.60%. Class C and Class D Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.25%, Class E Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.10%, Intermediary Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.05%, and Intermediary Service Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.10%. To date, Shareholder Servicing Fees have not exceeded 0.40% for Class A Shares. | ||
| · | The aggregate of the 12b-1 fees and shareholder servicing fees will not exceed 0.60% for the Class A Shares, 1.00% for the Class C Shares, and 0.25% for Class D Shares. | ||
Long-term Class C shareholders may pay indirectly more than the equivalent of the maximum permitted front-end sales charge due to the recurring nature of 12b-1 distribution and shareholder service fees.
Class C Shares
Investors will only receive Class C Shares of the Funds by exchanging the Class C Shares of other HSBC Funds. If you purchase or exchange Class C Shares of other HSBC Funds for Class C Shares of the Funds and wish to sell your shares, your redemption may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if the shares are redeemed less than one year after the original purchase of the Class C Shares. The CDSC will be assessed on the lesser of the NAV at the time of redemption or the NAV at the time of purchase.
If you sell some but not all of your Class C Shares, shares not subject to the CDSC (i.e., shares purchased with reinvested dividends) will be redeemed first.
Conversion Feature—Class C Shares
| · | Class C Shares of the Fund will convert automatically to Class A Shares of the same Fund after five years from the beginning of the calendar month in which the Class C Shares were originally purchased. | |
| · | After conversion, your shares will be subject to the lower combined distribution and shareholder servicing fees charged on Class A Shares which will increase your investment return compared to the Class C Shares. | |
| · | You will not pay any sales charge or fees when your shares convert, nor will the transaction be subject to any tax. | |
| · | If you purchased Class C Shares of one Fund which you exchanged for Class C Shares of another Fund, your holding period will be calculated from the time of your original purchase. The dollar value of Class A Shares you receive will equal the dollar value of the Class C Shares converted. |
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Shareholder Information
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
Waiver of CDSC—Class C Shares
The following qualify for waivers of CDSC:
| · | Distributions following the death or disability of a shareholder. | |
| · | Redemptions representing the minimum distribution from an IRA or a Custodial Account to a shareholder who has reached age 70 1/2. | |
| · | Redemptions representing the minimum distribution from 401(k) retirement plans where such redemptions are necessary to make distributions to plan participants. |
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements—Revenue Sharing
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, assist in the sale, distribution and/or servicing of a Fund’s shares. Without limiting the foregoing, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, provide compensation to selected financial intermediaries for marketing and/or shareholder recordkeeping, processing, accounting and/or other administrative services in connection with the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares and shareholders of the Fund. These payments, which may be significant, are not paid by the Funds, and therefore, do not increase Fund expenses. Accordingly, these payments are not included in the fee and expense tables in this Prospectus. In addition, these payments do not change the price paid by shareholders for the purchase of Fund shares, the amount the Funds receive as proceeds from such sales or the fees and expenses paid by the Funds. Historically, these payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. These payments are in addition to commissions and 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders. The making of these payments creates a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments to recommend the Funds over another investment. Shareholders should ask their financial intermediaries about how they will be compensated for investments made in the Funds. For additional information about these arrangements and payments, please see the “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” section of the SAI.
Exchanging Your Shares
If exchanging your shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for exchange procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your exchange. For all other redemption transactions, follow the instructions below.
You can exchange your shares of a Fund for shares of the same class of another HSBC Fund, usually without paying additional sales charges (see “Notes on Exchanges”). Transaction fees are generally not charged for exchanges.
You must meet the minimum investment requirements for the HSBC Fund into which you are exchanging. Exchanges from one HSBC Fund to another are taxable.
Instructions for Exchanging Shares
Exchanges may be made by sending a written request to HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183. Please provide the following information:
| · | Your name and telephone number | |
| · | The exact name on your account and account number | |
| · | Taxpayer identification number (usually your social security number) | |
| · | Dollar value or number of shares to be exchanged | |
| · | The name of the Fund from which the exchange is to be made | |
| · | The name of the Fund into which the exchange is being made |
31
Shareholder Information
| Exchanging Your Shares continued |
See “Selling Your Shares” for important information about telephone transactions.
To prevent disruption in the management of the Funds due to market timing strategies, exchange activity may be limited.
Notes on Exchanges
The registration and tax identification numbers of the two accounts must be identical.
The Exchange Privilege (including automatic exchanges) may be changed or eliminated at any time upon a 60-day notice to shareholders.
See “Taxes” for important information about the tax consequences to you if you dispose of your shares in a Fund, including through exchange. Please also be sure to read carefully the prospectus of any HSBC Fund into which you wish to exchange shares.
Class A Shares of any Fund in the HSBC Funds may be exchanged for Class D Shares of the Funds only if you are otherwise eligible to receive them. In all other cases, you will receive Class A Shares of the Funds in exchange for your Class A Shares of any of the HSBC Funds.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents
In an effort to reduce the cost associated with the printing and mailing of prospectuses, annual reports and semi-annual reports as well as reduce the likelihood of our shareholders receiving duplicative mailings, the Funds intend to mail only one prospectus and shareholder report to shareholders having the same last name and residing at a common address. If you wish to receive separate copies of the prospectuses and shareholder reports, please contact your financial adviser or registered representative at the institution where you have your account.
If you are a client of HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., please send your request to the address below:
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
P.O. Box 4217
Buffalo, NY 14240-8929
If you have any questions about the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-662-3343.
If your account is held directly with a Fund, please mail your request to the address below:
HSBC Funds
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
If you have any questions regarding the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-782-8183 for Retail Investors and 1-877-244-2424 for Institutional Investors.
The Funds will begin sending you individual copies of prospectuses and shareholder reports thirty days after receiving your request.
Other Information
The prospectus and SAI, related regulatory filings, and any other Fund communications or disclosure documents do not purport to create any contractual obligations between a Fund and shareholders. Each Fund may amend any of these documents or enter into (or amend) a contract on behalf of the Fund without shareholder approval except where shareholder approval is specifically required. Furthermore, shareholders are not intended to be third-party beneficiaries of any contracts entered into by (or on behalf of) a Fund, including contracts with the Adviser, Subadviser or other parties who provide services to the Fund.
32
Shareholder Information
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes |
Dividends and Distributions
All dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested unless you request otherwise. There are no sales charges for reinvested distributions. Dividends are higher for Class A Shares than for Class C Shares, because Class A Shares have lower operating expenses. Class D Shares receive a higher dividend than Class A Shares because Class D Shares have lower operating expenses. Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares, Intermediary Service Shares and Class Y Shares receive the highest dividends because they have the lowest operating expenses. Net capital gains, if any, are distributed at least annually.
Net long-term capital gains distributions, if any, are made on a per share basis regardless of how long you’ve owned your shares. Therefore, if you invest shortly before the distribution date, some of your investment will be returned to you in the form of a distribution, which will generally be taxable. To the extent permitted by law, a Fund retains the right to temporarily suspend paying dividends if it is believed to be in the best interest of the Fund.
From time to time, a portion of a Fund’s distributions may constitute a return of capital for tax purposes, and/or may include amounts in excess of a Fund’s net investment income for the period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Taxes
The following information related to tax matters is meant as a general summary for U.S. taxpayers. Please see the Funds’ SAI for more information. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should rely on your own tax advisor for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences to you of investing in a Fund.
| · | A Fund generally will not have to pay income tax on amounts it distributes to shareholders, although shareholders will be taxed on distributions they receive. | |
| · | Any income a Fund receives and any capital gain that a Fund realizes is paid out, less expenses, to its shareholders. | |
| · | A Fund will generally pay dividends from net investment income on a monthly basis and any net long-term capital gains will generally be distributed at least on an annual basis. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends and distributions in cash, dividends and distributions will be automatically invested in additional shares of the Fund. Dividends and distributions are treated in the same manner for federal and state income tax purposes whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares. | |
| · | Dividends from the Funds are generally not eligible for the reduced rate of tax that may apply to certain qualifying dividends on corporate stock. | |
| · | An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts. | |
| · | Dividends attributable to interest income are generally taxable as ordinary income. | |
| · | If a Fund reports a dividend as a capital gain distribution (e.g., when the Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset the Fund held for more than one year), you will pay tax on that distribution at the long-term capital gains tax rate, no matter how long you have held your Fund shares. | |
| · | Distributions of short-term capital gain (e.g., when the Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset it held for one year or less) are taxable at ordinary income tax rates. |
33
Shareholder Information
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes continued |
| · | Dividends are taxable in the year in which they are paid or deemed paid, even if they appear on your account statement the following year. If a Fund declares a dividend in October, November, or December of a year and distributes the dividend in January of the next year, you may be taxed as if you received it in the year declared rather than the year received. | |
| · | There may be tax consequences to you if you dispose of your shares in a Fund, for example, through redemption, exchange or sale. The amount of any gain or loss and the rate of tax will depend mainly upon how much you paid for the shares, how much you sell them for, and how long you held them. | |
| · | Because the Funds intend to maintain a stable NAV per share of $1.00, shareholders will typically not recognize gain or loss when they sell or exchange their shares because the amount realized will be the same as their tax basis in the shares. | |
| · | Information regarding the federal tax status of distributions made by the Funds will be mailed by February 15th of each year. The notice will tell you which dividends and redemptions must be treated as taxable ordinary income and which (if any) are short-term or long-term capital gain. Depending on your residence for tax purposes, distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes, including withholding taxes. | |
| · | Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital. | |
| · | As with all mutual funds, the Funds may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 24% of all taxable distributions payable to you if you fail to provide the Funds with your correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding, which is applicable to all U.S. citizens, is not an additional tax, but is a method in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. | |
| · | Foreign shareholders are generally subject to special withholding requirements. If a Fund elects to report distributions of U.S. source interest and short term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors. | |
| · | If you invest through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, you generally will not have to pay tax on dividends or capital gains until they are distributed from the account. These accounts are subject to complex tax rules, and you should consult your tax adviser about investment through a tax-deferred account. | |
| · | There is a penalty on certain pre-retirement distributions from retirement accounts. | |
| · | The Funds are required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non- U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Funds to enable the Funds to determine whether withholding is required. | |
| · | Because the Fund’s distributions relate to U.S. Treasury interest, the Fund’s distributions may be exempt from state or local income tax in certain jurisdictions. Please consult your tax advisor. |
34
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for the past five years, or, if shorter, the period of the Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from information audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose reports, along with each of the Fund’s financial statements, is incorporated herein by reference and included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.
On June 24, 2016, the Funds, which were series of HSBC Funds, a Massachusetts business trust, reorganized with and into corresponding series of HSBC Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Reorganization”). Upon completion of the Reorganization, the respective share classes of each Fund assumed the performance, financial and other historical information of those of the corresponding predecessor fund.
35
| HSBC U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(a) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS A SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 1.71 | % | $ | 2,923 | 0.63 | % | 1.70 | % | 0.63 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.05 | % | 2,728 | 0.63 | % | 1.08 | % | 0.65 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.22 | % | 1,998 | 0.59 | % | 0.23 | % | 0.68 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.02 | % | 1,720 | 0.34 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.69 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.03 | % | 929 | 0.08 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.69 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS D SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 1.87 | % | $ | 1,910,115 | 0.48 | % | 1.84 | % | 0.51 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.20 | % | 1,648,226 | 0.48 | % | 1.19 | % | 0.51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.34 | % | 1,645,222 | 0.47 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.54 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.02 | % | 1,949,225 | 0.34 | % | 0.02 | % | 0.54 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.03 | % | 888,084 | 0.07 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.53 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS E SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 10, 2017(c) | $ | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $ | 1.00 | 0.26 | % | $ | — | 0.23 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.29 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.11 | % | 2 | 0.06 | % | 0.32 | % | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS I SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.23 | % | $ | 13,988,739 | 0.12 | % | 2.19 | % | 0.16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.02 | — | 0.02 | (0.02 | ) | — | (0.02 | ) | 1.00 | 1.57 | % | 6,400,700 | 0.12 | % | 1.52 | % | 0.16 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.69 | % | 7,853,457 | 0.12 | % | 0.71 | % | 0.18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.21 | % | 4,687,197 | 0.14 | % | 0.23 | % | 0.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.03 | % | 1,589,264 | 0.07 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INTERMEDIARY CLASS SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.20 | % | $ | 504,329 | 0.15 | % | 2.09 | % | 0.30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.02 | — | 0.02 | (0.02 | ) | — | (0.02 | ) | 1.00 | 1.52 | % | 164,082 | 0.16 | % | 1.57 | % | 0.31 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.63 | % | 19,694 | 0.18 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.11 | % | 10,121 | 0.18 | % | 0.26 | % | 0.37 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
36
| HSBC U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND |
| Financial Highlights (continued) |
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(a) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INTERMEDIARY SERVICE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.17 | % | $ | 146,441 | 0.18 | % | 2.15 | % | 0.36 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.50 | % | 184,921 | 0.18 | % | 1.70 | % | 0.36 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.61 | % | 57,042 | 0.20 | % | 0.63 | % | 0.39 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.10 | % | 5,003 | 0.18 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.42 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS Y SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.12 | % | $ | 1,938,856 | 0.23 | % | 2.10 | % | 0.26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.45 | % | 1,757,925 | 0.23 | % | 1.43 | % | 0.26 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.58 | % | 2,402,354 | 0.23 | % | 0.53 | % | 0.29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.12 | % | 3,891,299 | 0.23 | % | 0.11 | % | 0.28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.03 | % | 3,779,595 | 0.07 | % | 0.03 | % | 0.28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (b) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (c) | Closed operations on August 10, 2017. |
| (d) | Commencement of operations on July 12, 2016. |
| Amounts designated as “—” are $0.00 or have been rounded to $0.00. | |
37
| HSBC U.S. TREASURY MONEY MARKET FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(a) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS D SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 1.79 | % | $ | 143,506 | 0.50 | % | 1.79 | % | 0.53 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.17 | % | 308,136 | 0.50 | % | 1.12 | % | 0.53 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.29 | % | 257,062 | 0.49 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.55 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | % | 214,041 | 0.28 | % | — | % | 0.55 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | % | 280,032 | 0.06 | % | — | % | 0.54 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS E SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 10, 2017(c) | $ | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | $ | 1.00 | 0.29 | % | $ | — | 0.25 | % | 0.37 | % | 0.29 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.11 | % | 1 | — | % | 0.37 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS I SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.16 | % | $ | 879,396 | 0.14 | % | 2.13 | % | 0.18 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.02 | — | 0.02 | (0.02 | ) | — | (0.02 | ) | 1.00 | 1.54 | % | 707,804 | 0.14 | % | 1.53 | % | 0.18 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.64 | % | 861,944 | 0.14 | % | 0.65 | % | 0.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.13 | % | 346,399 | 0.16 | % | 0.13 | % | 0.20 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | % | 384,363 | 0.05 | % | — | % | 0.19 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INTERMEDIARY CLASS SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.14 | % | $ | 165,842 | 0.16 | % | 2.10 | % | 0.33 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.49 | % | 169,827 | 0.16 | % | 1.54 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.44 | % | 1 | 0.18 | % | 0.44 | % | 0.34 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.11 | % | 1 | — | % | 0.37 | % | 0.38 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| INTERMEDIARY SERVICE | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.12 | % | $ | 86,073 | 0.18 | % | 2.10 | % | 0.38 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.49 | % | 51,220 | 0.18 | % | 1.54 | % | 0.38 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.58 | % | 22,016 | 0.20 | % | 0.58 | % | 0.40 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| July 12, 2016(d) through | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.10 | % | 18,108 | 0.20 | % | 0.14 | % | 0.48 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
38
| HSBC U.S. TREASURY MONEY MARKET FUND |
| Financial Highlights (continued) |
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(a) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Net Investment Income to Average Net Assets(b) |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions)(b) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS Y SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 1.00 | $ | 0.02 | $ | — | $ | 0.02 | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.02 | ) | $ | 1.00 | 2.05 | % | $ | 751,584 | 0.25 | % | 2.03 | % | 0.28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 1.43 | % | 697,972 | 0.25 | % | 1.37 | % | 0.28 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 1.00 | 0.01 | — | 0.01 | (0.01 | ) | — | (0.01 | ) | 1.00 | 0.53 | % | 1,101,219 | 0.25 | % | 0.56 | % | 0.29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | 0.04 | % | 697,866 | 0.25 | % | 0.04 | % | 0.30 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 1.00 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.00 | — | % | 763,473 | 0.06 | % | — | % | 0.29 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (b) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (c) | Closed operations on August 10, 2017. |
| (d) | Commencement of operations on July 12, 2016. |
| Amounts designated as “—” are $0.00 or have been rounded to $0.00. | |
39
For more information about the Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:
Annual/Semi-annual Reports:
The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Funds’ investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during their last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds, including their operations and investment policies. It is incorporated by reference and legally considered a part of this prospectus.
You can get free copies of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and the SAI and prospectuses of other funds in the HSBC Family of Funds from the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. You can also obtain these items or request other information, and discuss your questions about the Funds, by contacting a broker or bank through which shares of the Funds may be purchased or sold, or contact the Funds at:
| HSBC Funds P.O. Box 219691 Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 |
||||
| Telephone: | 1-800-782-8183 for Retail Investors | |||
| 1-877-244-2424 for Institutional Investors | ||||
You can review and copy the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and SAI for free from the SEC’s Website at www.sec.gov or you can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

Investment Company Act File No. 811-04782
00242378

HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc.
HSBC Funds
Prospectus
February 28, 2020
| EQUITY FUNDS | Class A | Class C | Class I | ||
| HSBC Opportunity Fund | HSOAX | HOPCX | RESCX | ||
| HSBC Frontier Markets Fund | HSFAX | — | HSFIX |
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
AN INVESTMENT IN A FUND IS NOT A DEPOSIT OF HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AND IS NOT INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY.
| HSBC Funds | Table of Contents | |||
| Summary Sections | ||||
| This section summarizes | 3 | HSBC Opportunity Fund | ||
| each Fund’s investment | 13 | HSBC Frontier Markets Fund | ||
| objectives, strategies, fees, | ||||
| risks, and past performance, | ||||
| and provides other information | ||||
| about your account. | ||||
| Additional
Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks | ||||
| This section provides | 19 | More About Risks and Investment Strategies | ||
| additional details about each | 20 | Investment Risks of the Funds | ||
| Fund’s investment | 28 | More Information About Indices | ||
| strategies and risks. | 28 | Who May Want to Invest? | ||
| 29 | More Information About Fund Investments | |||
| 29 | Portfolio Holdings | |||
| 29 | The Two-Tier Fund Structure | |||
| Fund Management | ||||
| Review this section | 30 | The Investment Adviser and Subadviser | ||
| for details on | 31 | Portfolio Managers | ||
| the people and | 32 | The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator | ||
| organizations who provide | ||||
| services to the Funds. | ||||
| Shareholder Information | ||||
| Review this section for | 33 | Pricing of Fund Shares | ||
| additional information, | 34 | Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares | ||
| including for information | 40 | Selling Your Shares | ||
| on how shares are valued, | 44 | Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges | ||
| and how to purchase, | 48 | Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements— | ||
| sell and exchange shares. | Revenue Sharing | |||
| This section also describes | 48 | Exchanging Your Shares | ||
| related charges, and | 49 | Delivery of Shareholder Documents | ||
| payments of dividends | 49 | Other Information | ||
| and distributions. | 50 | Dividends, Distributions and Taxes | ||
| Financial Highlights | ||||
| Review this section | 53 | HSBC Opportunity Fund | ||
| for details on | 55 | HSBC Frontier Markets Fund | ||
| selected financial | ||||
| statements of the Funds. | ||||
2
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Class A and Class C Shares
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC Opportunity Fund (the “Opportunity Fund” or “Fund”) is long-term growth of capital.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund^
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the HSBC Family of Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, and is explained in “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” on page 44 of this prospectus and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) in “Right of Accumulation” on page 87.
| Shareholder
Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C | ||
| Maximum
Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) |
5.00% | None | ||
| Maximum
Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) |
None | 1.00% | ||
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class C | ||
| Management Fee | 0.80% | 0.80% | ||
| Distribution (12b-1) Fee | 0.00% | 0.75% | ||
| Other Expenses: | ||||
| Shareholder Servicing Fee | 0.25% | 0.25% | ||
| Other Operating Expenses | 4.72% | 4.72% | ||
| Total Other Expenses | 4.97% | 4.97% | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 5.77% | 6.52%1 | ||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement2 | 4.12% | 4.12% | ||
| Total
Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement |
1.65% | 2.40% |
| ^ | This table reflects the combined fees and expenses for both the Fund and the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio (“Opportunity Portfolio” or “Portfolio”). |
| 1 | The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current expenses. |
| 2 | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Portfolio’s investment adviser (the “Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies other than the Portfolio) to an annual rate of 1.65% for Class A Shares and 2.40% for Class C Shares. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Fund. |
3
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects the combined fees and expenses of the Fund and the Portfolio. The Example takes the Expense Limitation Agreement into account for the first year only. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class A Shares | $659 | $1,784 | $2,891 | $5,585 | |||||
| Class C Shares | $343 | $1,561 | $2,839 | $5,570 |
For the share class listed below, you would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class C Shares | $243 | $1,561 | $2,839 | $5,570 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Opportunity Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 81% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing all of its assets in the Portfolio, which has the same investment objective as the Fund. For simplicity purposes, this prospectus may use the term “Fund” to include the Portfolio. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in equity securities of small and mid-cap companies. Small and mid-cap companies generally are defined as those companies with market capitalizations within the range represented in the Russell 2500® Growth Index (as of January 27, 2020, between approximately $13.45 million and $21.41 billion), the Fund’s broad-based securities market index.
The Fund may also invest in equity securities of larger, more established companies and may invest up to 20% of its assets in securities of foreign companies.
Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P., the Portfolio’s subadviser (“Subadviser”), selects securities based upon fundamental analysis of the company’s cash flow, industry position, potential for high-profit margins, and strength of management, as well as other factors. As research specialists, the Subadviser considers all fundamental factors to be important, and in specific industries, some may be more important than others; however, the Subadviser considers earnings growth to be the most integral to its stock selection process. The Subadviser uses a bottom-up, as opposed to a top-down, investment style to select investments that it believes offer superior prospects for growth and are either:
| · | early in their cycle but which the Subadviser believes have the potential to become major enterprises, or | |
| · | are major enterprises whose rates of earnings growth the Subadviser expects to accelerate because of special factors, such as rejuvenated management, new products, changes in consumer demand, or basic changes in the economic environment. |
The Subadviser employs a growth at a reasonable price investment style and favors investing in earnings growth stocks given the Subadviser’s conviction that stock prices follow earnings progress and that they offer the best investment opportunities. The Subadviser believes that growth companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential are best identified through in-depth, fundamental, bottom-up research, which is covered vertically by industry group. The Subadviser follows several industries using a broad information network that includes company managements, suppliers, end-users, competitors and Wall Street sources to identify and evaluate companies capable of providing consistently high or accelerating earnings growth. The Subadviser believes these growth companies to have products, technologies, management, markets or opportunities which will potentially facilitate earnings growth over time that may be above the growth rate of the overall economy and the rate of inflation. Investments in growth companies may include securities listed on a securities exchange or traded in the over-the-counter markets.
The Fund will invest primarily in common stocks, but may, to a limited extent, seek appreciation in other types of securities, such as American Depositary Receipts, foreign securities listed on U.S. securities exchanges and real estate investment trusts when relative values and market conditions make such purchases appear attractive.
4
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) Risk: The Fund’s investments may take the form of ADRs. ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and trade in the U.S. securities markets. ADRs involve many of the same risks of investing directly in foreign securities, and may also involve risks not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer, including the risk that the ADRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary foreign trading market or that unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer. |
| · | Currency Risk: Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, or between various foreign currencies, may negatively affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund may seek to reduce currency risk by hedging part or all of its exposure to various foreign currencies; however, even if such hedging techniques are employed, there is no assurance that they will be successful. |
| · | Equity Securities Risk: The prices of equity securities fluctuate from time to time based on changes in a company’s financial condition or overall market and economic conditions. As a result, the value of equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Equity securities that are traded in the over-the-counter markets (rather than on a securities exchange) are generally less liquid and generally subject to less onerous corporate disclosure and governance standards. The risks of investing in equity securities also include: |
| · | Style Risk: The risk that use of a growth or value investing style may fall out of favor in the marketplace for various periods of time. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues and may decline dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value. |
| · | Capitalization Risk: Investments in medium and smaller capitalization companies may involve greater risks due to limited product lines and market and financial or managerial resources. Stocks of these companies may also be more volatile, more difficult to value accurately, less liquid and subject to the potential for greater declines in stock prices in response to selling pressure. Stocks of smaller capitalization companies generally have more risk than larger and medium capitalization companies. Stocks of large capitalization companies may be volatile in the event of earnings disappointments or other financial developments. |
| · | Issuer Risk: An issuer’s earnings prospects and overall financial position may deteriorate, causing a decline in the Fund’s net asset value. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions (e.g., sanctions or tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region. |
| · | Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) Risk: The Fund’s investments may take the form of REITs. The securities of REITS may involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions, and other factors. The value of interests in a REIT may be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT, changes in the prospect for earnings and/or cash flow growth of the REIT itself, defaults by borrowers or tenants, market saturation, decreases in market rates for rents, and other economic, political, or regulatory matters affecting the real estate industry. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
5
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year-to-year performance and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, including before- and after-tax returns, does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class A Shares and how performance has varied from year to year. The returns for Class C Shares will differ from the Class A Shares’ returns shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for Class A Shares
(Excluding sales charges, which if included, would cause returns to be lower.)

| Best Quarter: | Q4 2010 | 19.05% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q3 2011 | -23.18% |
The table below shows returns on a before-tax and after-tax basis. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns shown in the table below are for Class A Shares of the Fund and after-tax returns for Class C Shares may vary. The table further compares the Fund’s performance over time to that of the Russell 2500® Growth Index.
Average Annual Total Returns^ (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | Since Inception |
|||||||
| Class A Return Before Taxes | Sept. 23, 1996 | 27.21% | 7.84% | 12.43% | 9.92% | ||||||
| Class
A Return After Taxes on Distributions |
Sept. 23, 1996 | 25.14% | 5.10% | 9.81% | 7.62% | ||||||
| Class
A Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
Sept. 23, 1996 | 17.58% | 5.48% | 9.66% | 7.65% | ||||||
| Class C Return Before Taxes | |||||||||||
| (with applicable CDSC) | Nov. 4, 1998 | 31.92% | 8.17% | 12.59% | 10.10% | ||||||
| Russell 2500® Growth Index | |||||||||||
| (reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
— | 32.65% | 10.84% | 14.01% | 8.65%* |
| ^ | During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Portfolio received a one-time reimbursement from the Adviser related to past marketing arrangements. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 the Portfolio received payments in respect of class action settlements and during the year ended December 31, 2010, the Fund received a one-time payment in respect of a class action settlement, which had the result of increasing the Portfolio’s and the Fund’s total return. As a result, the Fund’s total return for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were higher than they would have been had the Fund and the Portfolio not received the payments. |
| * | Since September 23, 1996. |
6
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Investment Advisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Portfolio’s investment adviser. Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. is the Portfolio’s subadviser.
Portfolio Managers
Investment decisions for the Portfolio are made by consensus of the Investment Committee (the “Committee”), which is chaired by William A. Muggia, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Subadviser. Although the Committee collectively acts as portfolio manager for the Portfolio, Westfield lists the following Committee members, based either on seniority or role within the committee, as having day-to-day management responsibilities for the Portfolio: William A. Muggia; Richard D. Lee, CFA, Managing Partner and Deputy Chief Investment Officer of the Subadviser; Ethan J. Myers, CFA, Managing Partner and Director of Research of the Subadviser; and John M. Montgomery, Managing Partner, Portfolio Strategist and Chief Operating Officer of the Subadviser. Messrs. Muggia and Meyers have been managers of the Portfolio since 2003, Mr. Lee has been a manager of the Portfolio since 2004, and Mr. Montgomery has been a manager of the Portfolio since 2006.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Account Type | Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* | ||||||
| Class A or C Shares | ||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. |
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends from net investment income, if any, semi-annually. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.
7
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Class I Shares
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC Opportunity Fund (the “Opportunity Fund” or “Fund”) is long-term growth of capital.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund^
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The table does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund.
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class I | |
| Management Fee | 0.80% | |
| Distribution (12b-1) Fee | 0.00% | |
| Other Expenses: | ||
| Shareholder Servicing Fee | 0.00% | |
| Other Operating Expenses | 0.64% | |
| Total Other Expenses | 0.64% | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 1.44% | |
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement1 | 0.34% | |
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 1.10% |
| ^ | This table reflects the combined fees and expenses for both the Fund and the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio (“Opportunity Portfolio” or “Portfolio”). |
| 1 | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Portfolio’s investment adviser (“Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies other than the Portfolio) to an annual rate of 1.10% for Class I Shares. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
8
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example reflects the combined fees and expenses of the Fund and the Portfolio. The Example takes the Expense Limitation Agreement into account for the first year only. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class I Shares | $112 | $422 | $755 | $1,695 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Opportunity Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolio’s portfolio turnover rate was 81% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing all of its assets in the Portfolio, which has the same investment objective as the Fund. For simplicity purposes, this prospectus may use the term “Fund” to include the Portfolio. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in equity securities of small and mid-cap companies. Small and mid-cap companies generally are defined as those companies with market capitalizations within the range represented in the Russell 2500® Growth Index (as of January 27, 2020, between approximately $13.45 million and $21.41 billion), the Fund’s broad-based securities market index.
The Fund may also invest in equity securities of larger, more established companies and may invest up to 20% of its assets in securities of foreign companies.
Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P., the Portfolio’s subadviser (“Subadviser”), selects securities based upon fundamental analysis of the company’s cash flow, industry position, potential for high-profit margins, and strength of management, as well as other factors. As research specialists, the Subadviser considers all fundamental factors to be important, and in specific industries, some may be more important than others; however, the Subadviser considers earnings growth to be the most integral to its stock selection process. The Subadviser uses a bottom-up, as opposed to a top-down, investment style to select investments that it believes offer superior prospects for growth and are either:
| · | early in their cycle but which the Subadviser believes have the potential to become major enterprises, or |
| · | are major enterprises whose rates of earnings growth the Subadviser expects to accelerate because of special factors, such as rejuvenated management, new products, changes in consumer demand, or basic changes in the economic environment. |
The Subadviser employs a growth at a reasonable price investment style and favors investing in earnings growth stocks given the Subadviser’s conviction that stock prices follow earnings progress and that they offer the best investment opportunities. The Subadviser believes that growth companies with accelerating or underappreciated earnings potential are best identified through in-depth, fundamental, bottom-up research, which is covered vertically by industry group. The Subadviser follows several industries using a broad information network that includes company managements, suppliers, end-users, competitors and Wall Street sources to identify and evaluate companies capable of providing consistently high or accelerating earnings growth. The Subadviser believes these growth companies to have products, technologies, management, markets or opportunities which will potentially facilitate earnings growth over time that may be above the growth rate of the overall economy and the rate of inflation. Investments in growth companies may include securities listed on a securities exchange or traded in the over-the-counter markets.
The Fund will invest primarily in common stocks, but may, to a limited extent, seek appreciation in other types of securities, such as American Depositary Receipts, foreign securities listed on U.S. securities exchanges and real estate investment trusts when relative values and market conditions make such purchases appear attractive.
9
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) Risk: The Fund’s investments may take the form of ADRs. ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and trade in the U.S. securities markets. ADRs involve many of the same risks of investing directly in foreign securities, and may also involve risks not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer, including the risk that the ADRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary foreign trading market or that unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer. |
| · | Currency Risk: Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, or between various foreign currencies, may negatively affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund may seek to reduce currency risk by hedging part or all of its exposure to various foreign currencies; however, even if such hedging techniques are employed, there is no assurance that they will be successful. |
| · | Equity Securities Risk: The prices of equity securities fluctuate from time to time based on changes in a company’s financial condition or overall market and economic conditions. As a result, the value of equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Equity securities that are traded in the over-the-counter markets (rather than on a securities exchange) are generally less liquid and generally subject to less onerous corporate disclosure and governance standards. The risks of investing in equity securities also include: |
| · | Style Risk: The risk that use of a growth or value investing style may fall out of favor in the marketplace for various periods of time. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues and may decline dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value. |
| · | Capitalization Risk: Investments in medium and smaller capitalization companies may involve greater risks due to limited product lines and market and financial or managerial resources. Stocks of these companies may also be more volatile, more difficult to value accurately, less liquid and subject to the potential for greater declines in stock prices in response to selling pressure. Stocks of smaller capitalization companies generally have more risk than larger and medium capitalization companies. Stocks of large capitalization companies may be volatile in the event of earnings disappointments or other financial developments. |
| · | Issuer Risk: An issuer’s earnings prospects and overall financial position may deteriorate, causing a decline in the Fund’s net asset value. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions (e.g., sanctions or tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region. |
| · | Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) Risk: The Fund’s investments may take the form of REITs. The securities of REITS may involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions, and other factors. The value of interests in a REIT may be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT, changes in the prospect for earnings and/or cash flow growth of the REIT itself, defaults by borrowers or tenants, market saturation, decreases in market rates for rents, and other economic, political, or regulatory matters affecting the real estate industry. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
10
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year-to-year performance and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, including before- and after-tax returns, does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class I Shares and how performance has varied from year to year.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for Class I Shares

| Best Quarter: | Q4 2010 | 19.20% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q3 2011 | -23.07% |
The table below shows returns on a before-tax and after-tax basis. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. The table further compares the Fund’s performance over time to that of the Russell 2500® Growth Index.
Average Annual Total Returns^ (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | Since Inception |
|||||||
| Class I Return Before Taxes | Sept. 3, 1996 | 34.29% | 9.49% | 13.56% | 11.08% | ||||||
| Class
I Return After Taxes on Distributions |
Sept. 3, 1996 | 32.23% | 6.66% | 10.81% | 8.76% | ||||||
| Class
I Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares |
Sept. 3, 1996 | 21.75% | 6.74% | 10.55% | 8.68% | ||||||
| Russell 2500® Growth Index | |||||||||||
| (reflects
no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) |
— | 32.65% | 10.84% | 14.01% | 8.80%* |
| ^ | During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Portfolio received a one-time reimbursement from the Adviser related to past marketing arrangements. During the years ended December 31, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, the Portfolio also received payments in respect of class action settlements and during the year ended December 31, 2010, the Fund also received a one-time payment in respect of a class action settlement, which had the result of increasing the Portfolio’s and the Fund’s total return. As a result, the Fund’s total return for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 were higher than they would have been had the Fund and the Portfolio not received the payments. |
| * | Since September 3, 1996. |
11
HSBC
Opportunity Fund
Summary Section
Investment Advisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Portfolio’s investment adviser. Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. is the Portfolio’s subadviser.
Portfolio Managers
Investment decisions for the Portfolio are made by consensus of the Investment Committee (the “Committee”), which is chaired by William A. Muggia, President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of the Subadviser. Although the Committee collectively acts as portfolio manager for the Portfolio, Westfield lists the following Committee members, based either on seniority or role within the committee, as having day-to-day management responsibilities for the Portfolio: William A. Muggia; Richard D. Lee, CFA, Managing Partner and Deputy Chief Investment Officer of the Subadviser; Ethan J. Myers, CFA, Managing Partner and Director of Research of the Subadviser; and John M. Montgomery, Managing Partner, Portfolio Strategist and Chief Operating Officer of the Subadviser. Messrs. Muggia and Meyers have been managers of the Portfolio since 2003, Mr. Lee has been a manager of the Portfolio since 2004, and Mr. Montgomery has been a manager of the Portfolio since 2006.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Account Type | Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* | ||
| Class I Shares | $1,000,000 | $0 |
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. |
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends from net investment income, if any, semi-annually. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Web site for more information.
12
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Class A and Class I Shares
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC Frontier Markets Fund (the “Frontier Markets Fund” or “Fund”) is long-term capital appreciation.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The table does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in the HSBC Family of Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, and is explained in “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” on page 44 of this prospectus and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) in “Right of Accumulation” on page 87.
| Shareholder
Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | Class A | Class I | ||
| Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) | 5.00% | None | ||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) | None | None | ||
| Annual
Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) | Class A | Class I | ||
| Management Fee | 1.25% | 1.25% | ||
| Distribution (12b-1) Fee | 0.00% | 0.00% | ||
| Other Expenses: | ||||
| Shareholder Servicing Fee | 0.25% | 0.00% | ||
| Other Operating Expenses | 6.42% | 6.32% | ||
| Total Other Expenses | 6.67% | 6.32% | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 7.92%1 | 7.57% | ||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement2 | 6.07% | 6.07% | ||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 1.85% | 1.50% |
| 1 | The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current expenses. | |
| 2 | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (“Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to an annual rate of 1.85% for Class A Shares and 1.50% for Class I Shares. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
13
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example takes the Fund’s Expense Limitation Agreement into account for the first year only. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | ||||||
| Class A Shares | $ 679 | $ 2,186 | $ 3,606 | $6,810 | |||||
| Class I Shares | $ 153 | $ 1,680 | $ 3,129 | $6,439 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 55% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in issuers located in “frontier market countries.” The term “frontier market countries” encompasses those countries that are at an earlier stage of economic, political or financial development, even by emerging markets standards.
For purposes of the Fund’s 80% investment policy, frontier market companies are those: (i) whose principal securities trading markets are in frontier market countries; (ii) that derive a significant percentage of their total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in frontier market countries; (iii) that have a significant percentage of their assets in frontier market countries; (iv) that are linked to currencies of frontier market countries; or (v) that are organized under the laws of, or with principal offices in, frontier market countries.
HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited is the Fund’s subadviser (“AMEU” or the “Subadviser”). The Subadviser’s Frontier Markets Team has identified a group of more than 40 countries that it currently considers to be frontier market countries. This includes countries that, as of December 29, 2019, are part of the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) Frontier Market Index classification (currently 28 countries—Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Croatia, Estonia, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Lebanon, Lithuania, Mali, Mauritius, Morocco, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Romania, Senegal, Serbia, Slovenia, Sri Lanka, Togo, Tunisia and Vietnam), as well as the MSCI Emerging Market Index countries considered by the Subadviser to be “cross-over” countries (currently eight countries—Argentina, Colombia, Egypt, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Qatar and United Arab Emirates). Cross-over countries are those that are formally included in main emerging markets indices but are deemed by the Subadviser to show “frontier markets” characteristics. Specifically, a cross-over country must have an MSCI Market Accessibility rating of “improvements needed” or “improvements possible” in any one of the following categories: (i) openness to foreign investors, (ii) ease of capital flows, or (iii) efficiency of operational framework. Additionally, these countries individually must comprise less than or equal to 1.0% in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index at the time of purchase. The Subadviser also may, in the future, deem other countries to be cross-over market countries. The Subadviser will also invest in a number of additional countries that it deems to be frontier market countries but not currently part of the above mentioned indices (for example Georgia, Ghana, Cambodia, Saudi Arabia and Zimbabwe, among others).
The Subadviser may, in the future, deem other countries to be frontier market countries. The Subadviser has broad discretion to identify countries that it considers to qualify as frontier markets.
The Fund invests primarily in the equity securities of frontier market companies with market capitalizations above $100 million. However, the Fund may invest in companies of any size. The Fund treats common stocks and other securities with equity characteristics as equity securities, including, but not limited to, depositary receipts, preferred stock, warrants, rights, trust certificates, limited partnership interests and equity participations. The Fund is exposed to commodity (such as oil) producing countries through its investments in frontier market countries.
14
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Strategies — (continued)
In light of the fact that a relatively significant proportion of frontier market companies available for investment are in the financial services group of industries, the Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest more than 25% of its total assets in issuers that are in the financial services group of industries. For purposes of the Fund’s investments, the financial services group of industries includes, among other things, banks, asset management companies, investment banking companies, brokerage companies, custody banks and insurance companies. The Subadviser intends to maintain the Fund’s exposure to issuers in the financial services group of industries such that it is broadly in line with the proportion of frontier markets issuers that are available for investment and in the financial services group of industries.
The Fund is permitted to use derivatives to manage market exposure and currency positioning, and also to achieve investment objectives. The Fund may also use equity index futures for cash management purposes and forward foreign currency exchange contracts and non-deliverable forwards to hedge certain of its exposures to non-U.S. currencies. For purposes of meeting its 80% investment policy, the Fund may include derivatives that have characteristics or exposures similar to issuers located in frontier market countries. The Fund’s use of derivatives will vary depending on market conditions and the ability of the Fund to invest directly in securities providing the desired exposure, but derivatives are expected normally to comprise a minority of the Fund’s investments. Additionally, the Fund may seek to achieve its investment objective in part by investing in participatory, unitary and other structured notes, which are equity access products that create synthetic equity exposures to issuers in markets where the Fund is restricted from directly purchasing securities.
The Subadviser selects investments for purchase and sale through an in-depth stock analysis that combines quantitative and qualitative analysis. The Subadviser’s quantitative analysis is based predominantly on publicly available data and is focused on valuation metrics, earnings growth expectations and return on capital and profitability. The Subadviser’s qualitative analysis is based on an individual assessment of business model and competitive advantage, cash generation, industry dynamics and corporate governance and management quality.
Principal Investment Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | Commodity-Related Investments Risk: Exposure to the commodities markets, including investments in companies in commodity-related industries, may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-related investments may be affected by overall market movements and factors specific to a particular industry or commodity. |
| · | Counterparty Risk: When the Fund enters into an investment contract, such as an over-the-counter derivative or structured note, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations and that the Fund will sustain losses. |
| · | Currency Risk: Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, or between various foreign currencies, may negatively affect the Fund’s performance. The Fund may seek to reduce currency risk by hedging part or all of its exposures to various foreign currencies; however, even if such hedging techniques are employed, there is no assurance that they will be successful. |
| · | Custody Risk: The Fund invests in securities markets that are less developed than those in the U.S., which may expose the Fund to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and the holding of securities by foreign banks, agents and depositories. Investments in frontier and emerging markets may be subject to greater custody and settlement risks than investments in more developed securities markets. |
| · | Depositary Receipt Risk: The Fund’s investments may take the form of depositary receipts. Depositary receipts involve many of the same risks of investing directly in foreign securities, and may also involve risks not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer, including the risk that the depositary receipts may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary foreign trading market or that unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer. |
| · | Derivatives Risk: The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value per share and cause you to lose money. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk that the Fund will be required to pay additional margin or set aside additional collateral to maintain open derivative positions; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses, particularly when derivatives are used to enhance return rather than offset risk. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the Fund. The use of derivatives by the Fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. |
15
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Principal Investment Risks — (continued)
| · | Emerging Markets Risk: The Fund’s investments in emerging market countries are subject to all of the risks of foreign investing generally, and have additional heightened risks due to a lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets, including: greater market volatility and illiquidity, lower trading volume, delays or failures in trading or settling portfolio securities transactions; currency and capital controls or other government restrictions or interventions, such as economic sanctions, tariffs and/or trade embargoes, expropriation, nationalization and repatriation restrictions; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; pervasiveness of corruption and crime; currency exchange rate volatility; and higher levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation. The prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities in more developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect such risks may have on an investment. |
| · | Equity Securities Risk: The prices of equity securities fluctuate from time to time based on changes in a company’s financial condition or overall market and economic conditions. As a result, the value of equity securities may fluctuate drastically from day to day. Equity securities that are traded in the over-the-counter markets (rather than a security exchange) are generally less liquid and generally subject to less onerous corporate disclosure and governance standards. The risks of investing in equity securities also include: |
| · | Capitalization Risk: Investments in medium and smaller capitalization companies may involve greater risks due to limited product lines and market and financial or managerial resources. Stocks of these companies may also be more volatile, more difficult to value accurately, less liquid and subject to the potential for greater declines in stock prices in response to selling pressure. Stocks of smaller capitalization companies generally have more risk than larger and medium capitalization companies. Stocks of large capitalization companies may be volatile in the event of earnings disappointments or other financial developments. |
| · | Issuer Risk: An issuer’s earnings prospects and overall financial position may deteriorate, causing a decline in the Fund’s net asset value. |
| · | Financial Services Risk: The Fund’s investments in the financial services group of industries may be particularly affected by economic cycles, interest rate changes, and business developments and regulatory changes applicable to the financial services group of industries. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions (e.g., sanctions or tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. |
| · | Frontier Market Countries Risk: Frontier market countries generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets or legal, regulatory and political systems than traditional emerging market countries. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. The magnification of risks are the result of: the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity in frontier markets; government ownership or control of parts of the private sector and of certain companies; trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which frontier market countries trade; and the relatively new and unsettled securities laws in many frontier market countries. |
| · | Industry Concentration Risk: The Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services group of industries, including banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and finance companies (e.g., automobile finance). Concentrating Fund investments in a limited number of issuers conducting business in the same industry will subject the Fund to a greater risk of loss as a result of adverse economic, business, political, environmental, regulatory or other developments affecting that industry than if its investments were diversified across different industries. |
| · | Liquidity Risk: The Fund may hold illiquid investments by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for, or a reduction in the number or capacity of market participants making a market in, certain of its investments, or because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales. An investment may become illiquid after purchase. The Fund could lose money or dilute remaining investors’ interests if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that is most beneficial to the Fund. Investments that are illiquid, less liquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region. |
| · | Structured Note Risk: Investments in participatory, unitary and other structured notes involve risks normally associated with a direct investment in the underlying securities. In addition, these notes are subject to counterparty risk. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
16
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year-to-year performance and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with those of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, including before- and after-tax returns, does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class I Shares and how performance has varied from year-to-year. The returns for Class A Shares will differ from the Class I Shares’ returns shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for Class I Shares

| Best Quarter: | Q1 2012 | 13.04% |
| Worst Quarter: | Q2 2018 | -13.00% |
The table below shows returns on a before-tax and after-tax basis. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns shown in the table below are for Class I Shares of the Fund and after-tax returns for Class A Shares may vary. The table further compares the Fund’s performance over time to that of the MSCI Frontier Markets Index and the MSCI Select Frontier and Emerging Markets Capped Index.
Average Annual Total Returns (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date | 1 Year | 5 Years | Since Inception |
||||||
| Class I Return Before Taxes | Sept. 6, 2011 | 14.65% | 1.90% | 6.36% | |||||
| Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions | Sept. 6, 2011 | 13.85% | 1.51% | 5.47% | |||||
| Class
I Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | Sept. 6, 2011 | 9.11% | 1.62% | 4.96% | |||||
| Class A Return Before Taxes | Sept. 6, 2011 | 8.57% | 0.50% | 5.33% | |||||
| MSCI
Frontier Markets Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | — | 18.34% | 3.07% | 6.06%* | |||||
| MSCI
Select Frontier and Emerging Markets Capped Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | — | 14.80% | 2.94% | 5.58%* |
| * | Since September 6, 2011. |
17
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund
Summary Section
Investment Advisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Fund’s investment adviser. HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited is the Fund’s subadviser.
Portfolio Managers
Ramzi Sidani, Senior Portfolio Manager, and Jennifer Passmoor, Portfolio Manager, at the Subadviser, are responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund’s portfolio. Mr. Sidani has managed the Fund since May, 2016 and Ms. Passmoor has managed the Fund since May, 2019.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, PO Box P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Account Type | Minimum Initial Investment* | Minimum Subsequent Investment* | ||||||
| Class A Shares | ||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| Class I Shares | ||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. |
As a result of the Fund’s combined U.S. and non-U.S. holiday schedule, investors periodically may not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares for consecutive weekdays. Please see “How NAV is Calculated” on page 33 of this prospectus for more information regarding days on which you will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends from net investment income, if any, at least annually. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Website for more information.
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Investment Strategies and Risks
More About Risks and Investment Strategies
Each of the Funds is a series of HSBC Funds (the “Trust”). The Opportunity Fund comprises two separate series of the Trust. The Class A Shares and Class C Shares are issued by one series of the Trust and the Class I Shares are issued by another series of the Trust.
The investment objectives and strategies of each Fund are non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days’ advance notice of any change in a Fund’s 80% investment policy. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change in the investment objective or strategies of a Fund, shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their current financial position and needs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved.
The Frontier Markets Fund may, in the future, seek to achieve its investment objective by investing all of its assets in a no-load, open-end management investment company having the same investment objective and policies and substantially the same investment restrictions as those applicable to the Fund. Such a move is not currently contemplated. For more information, see the SAI under “Investment Techniques – Investment Company Securities.”
The Opportunity Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing all of its assets in the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio (the “Portfolio”), an additional series of the Trust. The Portfolio has the same investment objective as the Fund. This two-tier fund structure is commonly referred to as a “master/feeder” structure because one fund (the Fund or “feeder fund”) is investing all its assets in a second fund (the Portfolio or “master fund”). Opportunity Fund shareholders bear the expenses of both the Fund and the Portfolio, which may be greater than other structures. For reasons relating to costs or a change in investment objective, among others, the Fund could switch to another pooled investment company or decide to manage its assets itself. The Opportunity Fund is not currently contemplating such a change. See “The Two-Tier Fund Structure” for more information.
Institutional investors are permitted to invest in the Funds. As a result, the Funds may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on a Fund’s performance or liquidity if the Fund were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses, increase a Fund’s transaction costs, and impact liquidity.
Each Fund may seek a temporary or defensive position in response to unfavorable economic or market conditions, while waiting for suitable investment opportunities, or under other circumstances (e.g., to seek returns on excess cash) as the Adviser and/or applicable Subadviser deems appropriate. When a Fund is seeking a temporary or defensive position, it may invest part or all of its assets in: cash or cash equivalents; time deposits, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by a commercial bank or savings and loan association; commercial paper rated at the time of purchase by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) in one of the two highest categories or, if not rated, issued by a corporation having an outstanding unsecured debt issue rated high-grade by an NRSRO; short-term corporate obligations rated high-grade by an NRSRO; U.S. Government obligations; Government agency securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities and federal agencies; repurchase agreements collateralized by the securities listed above; and both affiliated (including the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund) and unaffiliated money market fund shares. Each Fund’s investment objective may not be achieved while it is invested in a temporary or defensive position. Each Fund may also borrow money for temporary or emergency purposes.
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Investment Risks of the Funds
An investment in a Fund is subject to investment risks, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. This section provides more detailed information about the Funds’ principal investments and risks. This prospectus does not disclose all the types of securities or investment strategies that the Funds may use. The Funds’ SAI provides more detailed information about the securities, investment policies and risks described in this prospectus. Reference in the table below to the Opportunity Fund includes Opportunity Fund (Class I).
Each of the Funds is subject to one or more of the following investment risks:
| Frontier | |||
| ● Principal Risk | Opportunity | Markets | |
| * Additional Risk | Fund | Fund | |
| Risk | |||
| Allocation | * | * | |
| Asia | * | ||
| Commodity-Related Investments | ● | ||
| Convertible Bond | * | ||
| Counterparty | ● | ||
| Currency | ● | ● | |
| Custody | ● | ||
| Depositary Receipt | ● | ● | |
| Derivatives | ● | ||
| Emerging Markets | ● | ||
| Emerging Market and Frontier Market Tax | * | ||
| Equity Securities | ● | ● | |
| Exchange-Traded Fund | * | ||
| Financial Services | ● | ||
| Foreign Securities | ● | ● | |
| Frontier Market Countries | ● | ||
| Fund Closure | * | ||
| Industry Concentration | ● | ||
| Investment Access | * | ||
Large Shareholder Transactions |
* | * | |
| Liquidity | * | ● | |
| Market Access Timing | * | ||
| Market | ● | ● | |
| MLPs | * | ||
| Other Investment Companies | * | * | |
| Portfolio Turnover | * | * | |
| Regulatory | * | * | |
| REITs | ● | ||
| Repurchase Agreements | * | ||
| Sector Risk | * | * | |
| Structured Note | ● | ||
| Temporary Defensive Position Risk | * | * | |
| When-Issued Securities | * |
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Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Allocation Risk: A Fund’s portfolio manager may favor one or more types of investments, assets, sectors or geographic regions that underperform other investments, assets, sectors, geographic regions or the securities markets as a whole. As a result, an investor may lose money. |
| · | Asia Risk: A Fund’s performance is expected to be closely tied to the social, political, economic and regulatory developments within Asia (particularly China) and to be more volatile than the performance of a more geographically diversified mutual fund. Increased social and political tension in some Asian countries, including long-running border and diplomatic disputes with neighboring countries or the international community, could cause economic and market instability throughout the region and significantly impact the value of your investment. Moreover, the economies of certain countries in Asia, including China, differ from the U.S. economy in several ways, including the rate of growth, composition of industries or reliance on natural resources, rates of inflation, capital reinvestment and balance of payments position. As export-driven economies, the economies of these countries are affected by developments in the economies and trade policies of their principal trading partners, including the U.S. Furthermore, flooding, monsoons and other natural disasters also can significantly affect the value of investments. China’s governmental actions and the actions of other governments located in the region can also have a significant effect on the economic conditions in other Asian countries, which could adversely affect the value and liquidity of investments. Although the Chinese and other regional governments have recently begun to institute legal and economic reform policies, there can be no assurances that they will continue to pursue such policies or, if they do, that such policies will succeed. Political changes, social instability and adverse diplomatic developments in China (and the actions of other governments located in the region, including North Korea) could result in armed conflict and the imposition of additional government restrictions, including economic sanctions, expropriation of assets, confiscatory taxes, repatriation restrictions or nationalization of some or all of the property held by issuers (or affiliates of issuers) of instruments in which a Fund may invest. |
| · | Commodity-Related Investments Risk: Exposure to the commodities markets, including investments in companies in commodity-related industries, may subject a Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-related investments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility or supply or demand for the commodity, domestic and foreign political, regulatory or economic events, adverse weather, disease, discoveries of additional reserves of the commodity, embargoes, tariffs and changes in interest rates or expectations regarding changes in interest rates. |
| · | Convertible Bond Risk. Convertible bonds are subject to the risks of equity securities when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and debt instruments when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible bond is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt instrument, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying equity security. | |
| Contingent Convertible bonds, known as CoCo bonds, are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. If the trigger level is breached, the issuer’s decision to write down, write off or convert a CoCo bond may be outside a Fund’s control. Any such action could have an adverse effect on a Fund’s returns, and the Fund may suffer a complete loss on an investment in CoCo bonds with no chance of recovery even if the issuer remains in existence. |
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Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Counterparty Risk: When a Fund enters into an investment contract, such as an over-the-counter derivative or a structured note, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations and that the Fund will sustain losses. For example, in a repurchase agreement, in which a Fund buys a security from a seller that agrees to repurchase the security at an agreed upon price and time, the seller may not repurchase the security. In addition, over-the-counter derivative transactions, in which many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available, may be subject to the risk that the other party to the transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party. |
| · | Currency Risk: Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, or between various foreign currencies, may negatively affect a Fund’s performance. Adverse changes in exchange rates may erode or reverse any gains produced by foreign-currency denominated investments and may widen any losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and can be affected by, among other factors, the actions or inactions by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls, speculation, or general economic or political developments in the U.S. or a foreign country. A Fund may seek to reduce currency risk by hedging part or all of its exposures to various foreign currencies; however, even if such hedging techniques are employed, there is no assurance that they will be successful. |
| · | Custody Risk: The Frontier Markets Fund invests in securities markets that are less developed than those in the U.S., which may expose the Fund to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and the holding of securities by foreign banks, agents and depositories. The laws of certain countries may place limitations on the ability to recover assets if a foreign bank, agent or depository enters bankruptcy. In addition, low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades more difficult to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities with designated foreign banks, agents and depositories that may be subject to little or no regulatory oversight or independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets. |
| · | Depositary Receipt Risk: A Fund’s investments may take the form of sponsored and unsponsored depositary receipts, which include American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), global depositary receipts (“GDRs”) and European depositary receipts (“EDRs”). GDRs and EDRs are receipts issued by foreign banks or trust companies, or foreign branches of U.S. banks, that represent an interest in shares of either a foreign or U.S. corporation. ADRs, which are typically issued by a U.S. financial institution (a “depositary”), evidence ownership interests in a security or pool of securities issued by a foreign company which are held by a depositary. ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and trade in the U.S. securities markets. Depositary receipts involve many of the same risks of investing directly in foreign securities, including, for example, risks related to adverse political and economic developments unique to a country or region, currency fluctuations or controls and the possibility of expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation. | |
| Depositary receipts also involve risks not experienced when investing directly in the equity securities of an issuer. ADRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their primary foreign trading market. Investment restrictions in certain countries also may adversely affect the value of ADRs because such restrictions may limit the ability to convert foreign equity securities into ADRs and vice versa. Such restrictions may cause the equity securities of the foreign company to trade at a discount or premium to the market price of the related ADR. | ||
| Unsponsored depositary receipts may not provide as much information about the underlying issuer and may not carry the same voting privileges as sponsored depositary receipts. Unsponsored depositary receipts are issued by one or more depositaries in response to market demand, but without a formal agreement with the company that issues the underlying securities. Holders of an unsponsored depositary receipt generally bear all the costs associated with establishing the unsponsored depositary receipt. The issuers of the securities underlying unsponsored depositary receipts are not obligated to disclose material information in the U.S. and, therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts. | ||
| Additionally, to the extent the value of a depositary receipt held by the Fund fails to track that of the underlying security, the use of the depositary receipt may result in tracking error in the Fund. |
| · | Derivatives Risk: The term “derivatives” covers a broad range of instruments, including swaps, futures and currency forwards. In general, a derivative refers to any financial instrument whose value is derived, at least in part, from the price of another security or a specified index, asset or rate. The use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, index or rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when the Adviser or Subadviser uses derivatives to enhance a Fund’s return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge (or offset) the risk of a position or security held by a Fund. The success of the Adviser’s or a Subadviser’s derivatives strategies will also be affected by the ability of the Adviser or Subadviser, as applicable, to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying asset, index or rate and the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, index or rate. Certain derivative positions may be difficult to close out when a Fund’s portfolio managers may believe it would be appropriate to do so. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. |
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Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Emerging Markets Risk: A Fund’s investments in emerging market countries are subject to all of the risks of foreign investing generally, and have additional heightened risks due to a lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets. Investments in emerging markets are subject to a greater risk of loss than investments in a developed market. This is due to, among other things, greater market volatility and illiquidity, lower trading volume, delays or failures in trading or settling portfolio securities transactions; currency and capital controls or other government restrictions or intervention, such as the imposition of economic sanctions, repatriation restrictions, tariffs and/or trade embargoes, or the expropriation and the nationalization of private assets, companies or industries; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; pervasiveness of corruption and crime; currency exchange rate volatility; and higher levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries, and rising interest rates, combined with widening credit spreads, could negatively impact the value of emerging market debt and increase the funding costs of such issuers. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility in a Fund’s investments in instruments with exposures to emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar. Settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences include settlement delays beyond periods customary in the United States and practices that could result in losses, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which increase the likelihood of a “failed settlement.” |
| · | Emerging Market and Frontier Market Countries Tax Risk: Changes in the political climate in emerging market and frontier market countries may result in significant shifts in taxation of foreign investors such as the Frontier Markets Fund. These changes may result in changes to legislation, the interpretation of legislation, or the granting of the benefit of tax exemptions or international tax treaties to foreign investors. The effect of such changes can be retroactive and may (if they occur) negatively affect a Fund’s performance. | |
| Proceeds from the sale of securities in some markets, or the receipt of any dividends or other income, may be or may become subject to tax, levies, duties or other fees or charges imposed by the authorities in that market. This may include taxes levied by withholding at source and/or specific taxes or charges on the Fund’s investments. Tax law and practice in certain markets in which the Fund currently invests or may invest in is not clearly established. It is possible that the current interpretation of tax law or understanding of practice might change, or that tax law might be changed with retroactive effect. It is possible that the Fund could become subject to additional taxation that is not anticipated either at the date of this prospectus or when investments are made, valued or disposed of. | ||
| In the event that new investments into the Fund may result in tax levies that significantly disadvantage the Fund’s existing shareholders, the Adviser and the Fund will consider what, if any, actions should be taken, including possibly closing the Fund to new investors. |
| · | Equity Securities Risk: The prices of equity securities fluctuate from time to time based on changes in a company’s financial condition or overall market and economic conditions. Individual companies may report poor results or be negatively affected by industry and/or economic trends and developments, and the prices of equity securities issued by such companies may suffer a decline in response. These factors contribute to price volatility, which is the principal risk of investing in funds that primarily hold, directly or indirectly, equity securities. Historically, the equity markets have moved in cycles and investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. As a result, the value of equity securities and equity derivatives may fluctuate drastically from day to day, as the market price of such securities increases or decreases. Equity securities have greater price volatility than debt instruments. Equity securities that are traded in the over-the-counter markets (rather than on a securities exchange) are generally less liquid and generally subject to less onerous corporate disclosure and governance standards. The risks of investing in equity securities also include: |
| · | Style Risk: The risk that use of a growth or value investing style may fall out of favor in the marketplace for various periods of time and result in significant declines in the value of a Fund’s investments. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues and may decline dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term. A value stock may not increase in price as anticipated if other investors fail to recognize the company’s value and bid up the price, the markets favor faster-growing companies, or the factors that were expected to increase the price of the security do not occur. |
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Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Capitalization Risk: Investments in medium and smaller capitalization companies may involve greater risks due to limited product lines and market and financial or managerial resources. Stocks of these companies may also be more volatile, more difficult to value accurately, less liquid and subject to the potential for greater declines in stock prices in response to selling pressure. | |
| Stocks of smaller capitalization companies generally have more risk than medium capitalization companies. Small capitalization stocks tend to perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole, and can be more volatile than stocks of medium or large capitalization companies. Small-capitalization companies may be newer or less established. | ||
| Stocks of large capitalization companies may be volatile in the event of earnings disappointments or other financial developments. Large capitalization stocks can perform differently from other segments of the equity market or the equity market as a whole. Large capitalization companies may also be less flexible in evolving markets or unable to implement change as quickly as small or medium capitalization companies. |
| · | Issuer Risk: The value of a security may fluctuate for a variety of reasons that relate to the issuer, including, but not limited to, earnings prospects and overall financial position, management performance and reduced demand for the issuer’s products and services. |
| · | Exchange-Traded Fund Risk: Investments in ETFs are generally intended to assist a Fund track the return of the particular market segments or indices that are represented by the ETFs. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in the market for an ETF’s shares could result in the ETF being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETFs purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the Fund’s investments. In addition, an ETF may fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies its investment objective, and is subject to the risk that the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or a discount to their net asset value, especially during times of high market volatility; an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. |
| · | Financial Services Risk: The Frontier Markets Fund’s investments in the financial services group of industries may be particularly affected by economic cycles, interest rate changes, and business developments and regulatory changes applicable to the financial services group of industries. For example, declining economic and business conditions can disproportionately impact companies in the financial services group of industries due to increased defaults on payments by borrowers. Interest rate increases can also adversely affect financial services companies by increasing their cost of capital. In addition, financial services companies are heavily regulated and, as a result, political and regulatory changes can affect the operations and financial results of such companies, potentially imposing additional costs and possibly restricting the businesses in which such companies may engage. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions and controls (e.g., sanctions and tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. Securities of emerging market issuers generally have more risk than securities issued by issuers of more developed markets. Foreign issuers are generally not subject to the same degree of regulations as U.S. issuers, and political changes could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in a foreign country. A Fund may determine not to invest in, or may limit its overall investment in, a potential issuer, country, or geographic region due to, among other things, heightened risks regarding repatriation restrictions, confiscation of assets and property, expropriation or nationalization. In addition, the lack of regulatory controls may expose a Fund to additional risks. | |
| Geopolitical developments in certain countries or regions in which a Fund may invest have caused, or may in the future cause, significant volatility in financial markets. For example, in June 2016, the United Kingdom voted to leave the European Union following a referendum referred to as “Brexit,” which may result in increased market volatility and cause additional market disruption on a global basis. Although the effects of Brexit are unknown at this time, Brexit may result in fluctuations of exchange rates, increased illiquidity, inflation, and changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which certain of a Fund’s assets are subject. These and other geopolitical developments could negatively impact the value of a Fund’s investments. |
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Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| Securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a smaller number of industries. To the extent a Fund’s investments in a single country or a group of countries represent a larger percentage of the Fund’s assets, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by the economic, political and social conditions in that country or group of countries. Each Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders disclose the extent to which the Funds invest in a particular group of countries. | ||
| · | Frontier Market Countries Risk: Frontier market countries, which include Kuwait, Egypt, United Arab Emirates, the Philippines and Vietnam, generally have smaller economies and even less developed capital markets or legal, regulatory and political systems than traditional emerging markets. As a result, the risks of investing in emerging market countries are magnified in frontier market countries. Frontier market economies are less correlated to global economic fluctuations than developed economies and have low trading volumes and the potential for extreme price volatility and illiquidity. The government of a frontier market country may exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector, including by restricting foreign investment, which could have a significant effect on economic conditions in the country and the prices and yields of securities in the Frontier Markets Fund’s portfolio. | |
| Economies in frontier market countries generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be adversely affected by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be affected adversely by economic conditions in the countries with which they trade. Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in frontier market countries generally are more expensive than those relating to investment in more developed markets. The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in one or more frontier market countries as a result of which trading of securities may cease or may be substantially curtailed and prices for investments in such markets may not be readily available. |
| · | Fund Closure Risk: As a result of the Frontier Market Fund’s combined U.S. and non-U.S. holiday schedule, investors periodically may not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares for consecutive weekdays, including U.S. business days, even though the Fund’s portfolio securities may change significantly in value. This may prevent an investor from fully benefiting from gains in the Fund and may also prevent an investor from avoiding losses in the Fund. This may also prevent a shareholder from redeeming Fund shares at a time when it may be advantageous to do so. |
| · | Industry Concentration Risk: The Frontier Markets Fund will invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities issued by companies in the financial services group of industries, including banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies and finance companies (e.g., automobile finance). Concentrating Fund investments in a limited number of issuers conducting business in the same industry would subject a Fund to a greater risk of loss as a result of adverse economic, political, environmental, regulatory or market conditions affecting that industry than if its investments were diversified across different industries. |
| · | Investment Access Risk: The Adviser and Subadvisers may invest in the same securities as the Frontier Markets Fund on behalf of their other clients, and affiliates of the Adviser and Subadvisers may underwrite issuances of these securities. At times, regulatory restrictions or a lack of sufficient quantities of certain securities may mean that the Fund is precluded from investing in, or may be limited in their investment in, securities that the Adviser or Subadvisers would otherwise wish to purchase for the Fund. This loss of opportunity may result in lower returns for the Fund than if the Adviser and Subadvisers were not subject to these restrictions or lack of access. |
| · | Large Shareholder Transactions Risk: The Frontier Markets Fund may be adversely impacted when certain large shareholders, including institutional investors, purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund, which may occur rapidly or unexpectedly. As a result, the Fund may experience redemptions resulting in large outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on the Fund’s performance if the Fund were required to sell securities at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses and increase the Fund’s transaction costs or decrease the liquidity of the Fund’s portfolio. Similarly, large purchases of Fund shares may adversely affect the Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash or otherwise maintains larger cash position than it ordinarily would. Large redemptions of Fund shares could also result in the Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio. Although large shareholder transactions may be more frequent under certain circumstances, the Fund is generally subject to the risk that a large shareholder can purchase or redeem a significant percentage of Fund shares at any time. Moreover, the Fund is subject to the risk that other shareholders may make investment decisions based on the choices of a large shareholder, which could exacerbate any potential negative effects experienced by the Fund. |
| · | Liquidity Risk: A Fund may not be able to sell some or all of its investments at desired prices or without significant dilution to remaining investors’ interests, or may be unable to sell investments at all, due to lack of demand in the market for, or a reduction in the number or capacity of market participants making a market in, such investments. Additionally, a Fund may, at times, hold illiquid investments, by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for certain of its investments, because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales, or because of extended local market closures due to holidays or otherwise. A Fund will not acquire any illiquid investments if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. A Fund could lose money or dilute remaining investors’ interests if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that is most beneficial to the Fund, which could prevent the Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Investments that are illiquid or less liquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value, particularly during changing economic, political or market conditions. Liquidity risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, when credit quality is deteriorating or in other circumstances where investor redemptions may be higher than normal. An investment may become illiquid after purchase. These risks may be more pronounced in connection with a Fund’s investments in securities of issuers located in emerging and frontier market countries. |
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Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Market Access Timing Risk: Due to the time zone differences in global markets, the Frontier Markets Fund may be subject to market access timing risk in relation to shareholder purchases and redemptions. For example, the Fund may be delayed in investing cash proceeds from shareholder purchases, which could require the Fund to maintain a larger cash position than it ordinarily would and adversely affect the Fund’s performance. Similarly, the Fund may be delayed in disposing of securities to meet shareholder redemptions. |
| · | Market Risk: The value of a Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Issuer, political, economic, regulatory, social or market developments can affect a single issuer, issuers within an industry or economic sector or geographic region, or the market as a whole. In the short term, a Fund’s investments can fluctuate dramatically in response to these developments. Different parts of the market and different types of securities can react differently to these developments. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. Even when markets perform well, there is no assurance that the investments held by a Fund will increase in value along with the broader market. In addition, market risk includes the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt the economy on a regional, national or global level. For instance, terrorism, regional conflicts, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, and natural/environmental disasters can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Funds to lose value. Any market disruptions could also prevent a Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner. Funds that have focused their investments in a region enduring geopolitical or other types of market disruption will face higher risks of loss. Thus, investors should closely monitor current market conditions to determine whether a specific Fund meets their individual financial needs and tolerance for risk. |
| · | MLP Risk: Investments in securities of an MLP involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price, resulting from regulatory changes or other reasons. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower volumes due to their smaller capitalizations. Accordingly, those MLPs may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Opportunity Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Investment in those MLPs may restrict the Fund’s ability to take advantage of other investment opportunities. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns. | |
| To the extent a distribution received by the Fund from an MLP is treated as a return of capital, the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the interests of the MLP may be reduced, which will result in an increase in an amount of income or gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any such interests or upon subsequent distributions in respect of such interests. Furthermore, any return of capital distribution received from the MLP may require the Fund to restate the character of its distributions and amend any shareholder tax reporting previously issued. Moreover, a change in current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in a reduction of the value of the Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to the Fund. |
| · | Other Investment Companies Risk: By investing in other investment companies (including ETFs) indirectly through a Fund, investors will incur a proportionate share of the expenses of the other investment companies held by the Fund (including operating costs and investment management fees) in addition to the fees regularly born by the Fund. In addition, a Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such investment companies in direct proportion to the amount of assets of the Fund invests therein. |
26
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Portfolio Turnover Risk: Each Fund is actively managed and, in some cases, a Fund’s portfolio turnover may exceed 100%. A higher rate of portfolio turnover increases brokerage and other expenses, which must be borne by a Fund and its shareholders and may result in a lower net asset value. High portfolio turnover (over 100%) also may result in the realization of substantial net short-term capital gains, which when distributed are taxable to shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. |
| · | Regulatory Risk: Entities that are part of banking organizations, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, are subject to extensive government regulation. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant effects, including limiting the ability of the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities, which may adversely impact the Funds and their performance and increase the Funds’ fees and expenses. For example, the so-called “Volcker Rule” prohibits the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities. A Fund may be adversely impacted by this rule if the Adviser or its affiliates own 25% or more of the Fund’s shares outside of any seeding period permitted by the rule. These restrictions may prevent a Fund from maintaining sufficient seed capital and may cause the Fund to liquidate at the end of the period if the Fund is not able to achieve sufficient scale. Funds that are not managed by entities that are part of banking organizations are not subject to these limitations. |
| · | REIT Risk: Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks in addition to those risks associated with investing in the real estate industry in general. REITs whose underlying properties are concentrated in a particular industry or geographic region are also subject to risks affecting such industries and regions. The securities of REITs involve greater risks than those associated with larger, more established companies and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements because of interest rate changes, economic conditions and other factors. The value of interests in a REIT may be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of the underlying properties owned by the REIT, changes in the prospect for earnings and/or cash flow growth of the REIT itself, defaults by borrowers or tenants, market saturation, decreases in market rates for rents, and other economic, political, or regulatory matters affecting the real estate industry. REITs may also fail to qualify for tax free pass-through of income or may fail to maintain their exemptions from investment company registration. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Opportunity Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. |
| · | Repurchase Agreement Risk: The use of repurchase agreements, in which a party buys a security from another party (“seller”) and the seller agrees to repurchase the security at an agreed-upon date and price (which reflects a market rate of interest), involves certain risks. If the seller in a repurchase agreement defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, the Opportunity Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of the securities. There is also a risk that the seller of the agreement may become insolvent and subject to liquidation. |
| · | Sector Risk: To the extent a Fund focuses its investments in securities of issuers in one or more sectors, the Fund will be subject, to a greater extent than if its investments were diversified across different sectors, to the risks of volatile economic cycles and/or conditions and developments that may be particular to that sector, such as: adverse economic, business, political, environmental, regulatory, or other developments. | |
| The mid-cap sector of the stock market includes a significant number of companies the securities of which may be characterized as technology or technology-related investments. The value of the Opportunity Fund’s investments in the mid-cap sector of the stock market may be impacted by developments affecting technology and technology-related stocks generally. The Fund does not as a matter of investment strategy seek to invest disproportionately in such securities. |
| · | Structured Note Risk: Even though a participatory, unitary or other structured note is generally intended to reflect the performance of the underlying securities on a one-to-one basis so that investors will not normally gain or lose more in absolute terms than they would have made or lost had they invested in the underlying securities directly, the performance results of these notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the issuers or markets that the notes seek to replicate due to transaction costs and other expenses. Investments in structured notes involve risks normally associated with a direct investment in the underlying securities. In addition, structured notes are subject to counterparty risk. Structured notes constitute general unsecured, unsubordinated contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, and a Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such banks or broker-dealers and has no rights under the structured notes against the issuers of the securities underlying such notes. There can be no assurance that the trading price or value of structured notes will equal the value of the underlying value of the securities they seek to replicate. |
| · | Temporary Defensive Position Risk: A Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies by making short-term investments in cash, cash equivalents, high-quality, short-term debt instruments and money market instruments for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in a Fund not achieving its investment objective during that period. If the market advances during periods when a Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate to the extent it would have if it had been more fully invested. |
27
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | When-Issued Securities Risk: The price and yield of securities purchased on a “when-issued” basis is fixed on the date of the commitment but payment and delivery are scheduled for a future date. Consequently, these securities present a risk of loss if the other party to a “when-issued” transaction fails to deliver or pay for the security. In addition, purchasing securities on a “when-issued” basis can involve a risk that the yields available in the market on the settlement date may actually be higher (or lower) than those obtained in the transaction itself and, as a result, the “when-issued” security may have a lesser (or greater) value at the time of settlement than the Opportunity Fund’s payment obligation with respect to that security. |
Other Information
To the extent authorized by law, a Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time, merge, reorganize itself or any class of shares or cease operations and liquidate.
More Information About Indices
An index measures the market prices of a specific group of securities in a particular market or market sector. You cannot invest directly in an index. Unlike a mutual fund, an index does not have an investment adviser and does not pay any commissions or expenses. If an index had expenses, the performance would be lower.
Russell 2500TM Growth Index: The Russell 2500TM Growth Index measures the performance of the small to mid-cap growth segment of the U.S. equity universe. It includes those Russell 2500 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
The HSBC Frontier Markets Fund’s primary benchmark index is the Morgan Stanley Capital International (“MSCI”) Select Frontier and Emerging Markets Capped Index. The index has been developed by MSCI for the Adviser and, in terms of country constituents, includes the 28 countries that are part of the MSCI Frontier Markets Index classification as well as eight small emerging market “cross-over” countries (namely Argentina, Colombia, Egypt, Pakistan, Philippines, Peru, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates) that are also included within the MSCI Emerging Markets Index. The MSCI Select Frontier and Emerging Markets Capped Index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index designed to measure equity market performance in the aforementioned countries. The MSCI Frontier Markets Index is an “industry standard” index that captures large- and mid-cap representation across 28 frontier market countries. The index is a free float-adjusted market capitalization index that is designed to measure equity performance of frontier markets.
Who May Want To Invest?
Consider investing in the Opportunity Fund if you are:
| · | Seeking a long-term goal such as retirement |
| · | Looking to add a growth component to your investment portfolio |
| · | Willing to accept higher risks of investing in the stock market (particularly with respect to investments in small and medium capitalization companies) in exchange for potentially higher long-term returns |
Consider investing in the Frontier Markets Fund if you are:
| · | Investing for a long-term goal, such as retirement (five year or longer investment horizon) |
| · | Looking to add exposure to frontier and emerging market countries to your portfolio |
| · | Willing to accept higher risks of investing in volatile frontier market countries in exchange for potentially higher long term returns |
The Funds will not be appropriate for anyone:
| · | Pursuing a short-term goal or investing emergency reserves |
| · | Seeking safety of principal |
In addition, the Frontier Markets Fund will not be appropriate for anyone who does not wish to bear the risks of a fund that invests significantly in foreign markets, and the Opportunity Fund will not be appropriate for anyone seeking monthly income.
28
Additional
Information About the Funds’
Investment Strategies and Risks
More Information About Fund Investments
This prospectus describes the Funds’ principal strategies, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities described in this prospectus. However, in addition to the investments and strategies described in this prospectus, the Funds also may invest in other securities and engage in other investment practices. These securities and investment practices, as well as those described in this prospectus, are described in detail in the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). Of course, the Funds cannot guarantee that it will achieve its investment goal.
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the SAI and on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. To request a copy of the SAI, please refer to the back cover of this prospectus.
The Two-Tier Fund Structure of the Opportunity Fund
The Opportunity Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing all of its investable assets in a corresponding series of the Trust that has the same investment objective as the Opportunity Fund. The underlying series of the Trust is the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio. This is referred to as a “master/feeder” arrangement because one fund (the “feeder fund” or the Fund) “feeds” its assets into another fund (the “master fund” or the Portfolio). Shareholders should carefully consider this two-tier investment approach. For example, other mutual funds or non-registered funds or other institutional investors may invest in the Portfolio on the same terms and conditions as the Fund (although they may have different sales commissions and other operating expenses that may generate different returns). As with traditionally structured funds which have large investors, the actions of these mutual funds and institutional investors (or other large investors) may have a material effect on smaller investors in the Portfolio, including the Fund. For example, if a large investor withdraws from the Portfolio, operating expenses may increase, thereby producing lower returns for investors in the Fund. Additionally, the Portfolio may become less diversified, which could increase its risk.
Except as permitted, whenever the Fund is requested to vote on a matter pertaining to the Portfolio, the Fund will hold a meeting of its shareholders. At the meeting of investors in the Portfolio, the Fund will cast all of its votes in the same proportion as the votes of the Fund’s shareholders.
The investment objective of the Opportunity Fund and Portfolio may be changed without approval of the shareholders. The Fund may withdraw its investment in the Portfolio as a result of certain changes in the Portfolio’s investment objective, policies or restrictions or if it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so.
29
Fund Management
The Investment Adviser and Subadvisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10018, is the investment adviser for the Funds and Portfolio pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank USA, N.A., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA, Inc., a registered bank holding company (collectively “HSBC”). HSBC currently provides investment advisory services for individuals, trusts, estates and institutions. As of September 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $98.9 billion in assets under management. The Adviser also provides certain operational support services to the Frontier Markets Fund pursuant to a Support Services Agreement. Under the Support Services Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to a fee at the annual rate of 0.10% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares of the Frontier Markets Fund for services rendered pursuant to the Support Services Agreement. These fees are not charged to the Opportunity Fund or to Class I Shares of the Frontier Markets Fund.
The Trust and the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that allows the Adviser to implement new investment subadvisory contracts and to make material changes to existing subadvisory contracts with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval. Subject to the terms of the exemptive order, a Fund and Portfolio may currently hire and/or terminate subadvisers without shareholder approval. The Frontier Markets Fund is currently using the services of a subadviser that is affiliated with the Adviser, and the conditions under the exemptive order do not apply to the use of an affiliated subadviser. However, the conditions under the exemptive order could be applied to the use of one or more unaffiliated subadvisers at a future time. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board of Trustees, to oversee any subadvisers and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement.
In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of the Funds, receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment subadvisory contracts and to make material changes to existing subadvisory contracts with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that each Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (“Westfield”) serves as subadviser to the Opportunity Portfolio pursuant to a subadvisory agreement (the “Subadvisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. Westfield makes the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Portfolio’s investment program. Westfield is majority employee owned. Westfield was founded in 1989 and supervises domestic growth equity portfolios. Its principal office is located at One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111. As of December 31, 2019, Westfield had approximately $14.5 billion in assets under management.
HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, 78 St. James Street, London, United Kingdom, SW1A 1EJ, a U.S. registered investment adviser and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the investment subadviser of the Frontier Markets Fund pursuant to an investment subadvisory agreement (the “AMEU Subadvisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. AMEU makes the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Fund’s investment program. As of September 30, 2019, AMEU had approximately $81.9 billion in assets under management.
For these advisory and management services (including any subadvisory services), during the last fiscal year the Funds and Portfolio paid a management fee (net of fee waivers) as follows:
| Percentage
of Average Net Assets for Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/19 | |
| Opportunity Fund Class A and Class C Shares | 0.00% |
| Opportunity Fund Class I Shares | 0.46% |
| Frontier Markets Fund | 0.00% |
The Adviser may voluntarily waive all or a portion of its management fee. The Adviser has done so for periods of operation during which a Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses were above that Fund’s expense limitation, as set forth in the applicable contractual Expense Limitation Agreement. The Adviser has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with each Fund under which it will limit the total expenses of each respective Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies other than the Opportunity Portfolio) to the annual rates shown in the table below:
| Class
A Shares |
Class
C Shares |
Class
I Shares | |
| Opportunity Fund | 1.65% | 2.40% | 1.10% |
| Frontier Markets Fund | 1.85% | — | 1.50% |
Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by a Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause a Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The expense limitation agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement and Subadvisory Agreements is available in the Funds’ April 30, 2019 semi-annual reports and will be available in the April 30, 2020 semi-annual reports.
30
Fund Management
Portfolio Managers
HSBC Opportunity Portfolio
Investment decisions for the Opportunity Portfolio are made by consensus of the Westfield Investment Committee (the “Committee”).
| · | William A. Muggia is President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer. Mr. Muggia covers Healthcare and Energy, as well as provides overall market strategy. He has been at Westfield since 1994 and has been Chief Investment Officer since 2001. He has 35 years of investment experience. Mr. Muggia earned his MBA from Harvard Business School and received a BA from Middlebury College. |
| · | Richard D. Lee, CFA is a Managing Partner and Deputy Chief Investment Officer. Mr. Lee covers Hardware and Semiconductors. Mr. Lee has been at Westfield since 2004. He has 25 years of investment experience. Mr. Lee earned his AB from Harvard College. Mr. Lee is a Chartered Financial Analyst. |
| · | Ethan J. Meyers, CFA, is a Managing Partner and Director of Research. Mr. Meyers covers Consumer, Financial and Business Services. Mr. Meyers joined Westfield in 1999. He has 23 years of investment experience. Mr. Meyers earned his BS from AB Freeman School of Business at Tulane University. Mr. Meyers is a Chartered Financial Analyst. |
| · | John M. Montgomery is a Managing Partner, Portfolio Strategist and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Montgomery joined Westfield in 2006. He has 25 years of investment experience. Mr. Montgomery holds an MM from JL Kellogg Graduate School of Management at Northwestern University and a BA from Trinity College. |
HSBC Frontier Markets Fund:
Ramzi Sidani and Jennifer Passmoor, Portfolio Managers at AMEU, are responsible for the day-to-day portfolio management of the Fund.
Ramzi Sidani, Senior Portfolio Manager, joined AMEU on May 31, 2016 and is a member of the Frontier Emerging Markets team. Prior to joining AMEU, Mr. Sidani was a portfolio manager with SHUAA Asset Management in Dubai. Prior to that, he was a member of the acquisitions team at the Dubai Group. He has been working in the asset management industry since 2007. Mr. Sidani holds a BBA in Finance from American University of Beirut, a MSc in Finance from Boston College and a MBA from Lebanese American University and is a CFA Charterholder.
Jennifer Passmoor, Portfolio Manager, joined AMEU in 2019 as a Frontier Markets Analyst. Ms. Passmoor has more than twelve years’ experience in the industry, including nine years working on emerging and frontier markets. Prior to joining AMEU, Ms. Passmoor held a variety of equity and investment analyst roles, including with JP Morgan in Johannesburg, and with Silk Invest, Duet Group Africa and Vergent Asset Management in London. Ms. Passmoor holds a Postgraduate degree in Econometrics and an Undergraduate degree in Investment Management, both from the University of Johannesburg, South Africa.
Additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by these individuals, and their ownership of securities in the Funds or Portfolio they manage is available in the SAI. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
31
Fund Management
The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator
The Adviser also serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. The Administrator has retained Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, OH 43219, as sub-administrator to the Funds (the “Sub-Administrator”). Administrative services provided by the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space, equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”), a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), is the Trust’s principal underwriter and acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares.
The SAI has more detailed information about the Adviser, Subadvisers, Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator, and other service providers. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
32
Shareholder Information
Pricing of Fund Shares
| How NAV is Calculated |
The net asset value (“NAV”) for each class of shares is calculated by dividing the total value (current market value based on readily available market quotations) of a Fund’s investments and other assets attributable to a class, less any liabilities attributable to that class, by the total number of outstanding shares of that class:
| NAV = | Total Assets – Liabilities |
| Number of Shares | |
| Outstanding |
|
The value of assets in a Fund’s portfolio is determined on the basis of their market value, or where market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable due to a significant event or otherwise, based on fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with the procedures established by, and under the general supervision of, the Funds’ Board of Trustees. Debt obligations with maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost or on the basis of their market value. A Fund may invest in securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares. The value of portfolio securities held by such Fund may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.
The NAV of the Funds is generally determined once each day at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“Exchange”), normally at 4 p.m. Eastern Time on days the Exchange is open.
The Exchange is generally not open, and the Funds do not price their shares, on most U.S. national holidays (New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day) or on Good Friday.
In addition, the Frontier Markets Fund does not price its shares on Boxing Day, which is celebrated on December 26th of each year. The Frontier Markets Fund will also not price its shares on Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha, which are two religious Islamic holidays. Because the celebration dates of Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha are based on the Lunar calendar, these dates are not fixed. The tentative celebration dates for Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha in 2020 are May 23-24, 2020 and July 30, 2020 to August 3, 2020, respectively. For additional information on these non-U.S. holidays, please contact 1-800-782-8183.
As a result of the Frontier Markets Fund’s combined U.S. and non-U.S. holiday schedule, investors periodically may not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares for consecutive weekdays, including U.S. business days, even though the Fund’s portfolio securities may change significantly in value. This may prevent an investor from fully benefiting from gains in a Fund and may also prevent an investor from avoiding losses in the Fund. This may also prevent a shareholder from redeeming Fund shares at a time when it may be advantageous to do so.
The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that a Fund does not price its shares (e.g., on a day that the Exchange is closed) and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Your order for the purchase, sale or exchange of shares is priced at the next NAV calculated after your order is accepted by a Fund or its agent, plus any applicable sales charge. If you sell Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, a contingent deferred sales charge may apply, which would reduce the amount of money paid to you by the Fund. For more information about sales charges, see the section on “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges.”
Fair Value Pricing Policies
A Fund will fair value price its securities in accordance with Board-approved procedures when market quotations are not readily available. Generally, this would include securities for which trading has been halted, securities whose value has been materially affected by the occurrence of a significant event (as defined below), and other securities where a market price is not available from either a national pricing service or a broker. In addition, exception-priced securities (i.e., securities for which the market value is provided by a quote from a single broker rather than a national pricing service) will be reviewed on a quarterly basis. Fair valuations will be reviewed by the Board of Trustees or its Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee not less than four times a year. Fair value pricing should result in a more accurate determination of a Fund’s NAV, which should eliminate the potential for stale pricing arbitrage opportunities in a Fund. However, fair value pricing involves the risk that the values used by a Fund to price its investments may be different from those used by other investment companies and investors to price the same investments.
A “significant event” is one that occurred prior to a Fund’s valuation time, is not reflected in the most recent market price of a security, and that could materially affect the value of a security. Generally, such “significant events” relate to developments in foreign securities that occur after the close of trading in their respective markets. The Funds’ accounting agent may obtain fair value prices of foreign securities through utilization of a Fair Value Pricing Service previously approved by the Board where the level of a movement in a designated market or index is sufficiently large to constitute a significant event. Forward currency contracts entered in to by a Fund are covered by the Board-approved procedures.
|
33
Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares |
|
Purchasing Shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds through the Funds’ Transfer Agent or through banks, brokers and other investment representatives, which may charge additional fees and may require higher minimum investments or impose other limitations on buying and selling shares. If you purchase, redeem or exchange shares through a bank, broker or other investment representative, that party is responsible for transmitting orders to the Funds’ Transfer Agent and may have an earlier cut-off time for purchase, redemption and exchange orders. Purchase, redemption and exchange orders will be executed at the NAV next calculated after the Funds’ Transfer Agent has received and accepted the order in good order.
In addition, certain banks, brokers and other investment representatives are authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers. If a bank, broker or other investment representative is authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders (and provided such authorized agent complies with its agreement with the Trust or the Distributor), the Funds or the Funds’ Transfer Agent will be deemed to have received an order for the purchase, redemption or exchange of Fund shares when the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, and the order will be executed at the NAV next calculated. Each authorized agent’s agreement with the Trust or the Distributor allows orders to be executed at the NAV next calculated, after the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, although the order may not be transmitted to the Trust or the Funds’ Transfer Agent until after the time at which a Fund next calculates its NAV.
In general, “good order” means that payment for your purchase and all the information needed to complete your order must be received by a Fund, the Funds’ Transfer Agent or their authorized agents before your order is processed. Purchase proceeds must be received by 6:00 p.m. Eastern time.
You should contact the bank, broker or other investment representative through whom you purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds to learn whether it is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the Trust. You should also consult such bank, broker or other investment representative for specific information about the purchase, redemption and/or exchange of Fund shares.
|
34
Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
All purchases must be in U.S. dollars. A fee will be charged for any checks that do not clear. Third-party checks, money orders, travelers’ checks and credit card convenience checks are not accepted. Bank starter checks will not be accepted for initial purchases.
A Fund may reject a purchase order if it considers it in the best interest of a Fund and its shareholders. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors.
Investment minimums for any class may be waived or lowered, at the discretion of the Adviser, for investments in the Funds by clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, or in other situations where the Adviser determines that it is in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders to do so.
| Class A or C Shares |
Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* |
||||||
| Regular | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | ||||
| (non-retirement) | ||||||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | ||||
| Automatic | ||||||||
| Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | ||||
| Class I Shares** | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 0 | ||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the Omnibus account level. | |
| ** | Class I Shares are available for investment by investment companies advised by the Adviser and employees of the Adviser, its affiliates and members of the HSBC Funds’ Board of Trustees, without regard to these minimums. |
|
Avoid 24% Tax Withholding
The Funds are required to withhold 24% of taxable dividends, capital gains distributions and redemptions paid to shareholders who have not provided the Funds with their certified taxpayer identification number in compliance with Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) rules, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. To avoid this, make sure you provide your correct Tax Identification Number (social security number for most investors) on your Account Application and required certifications. |
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Instructions for Opening or Adding to an Account
By Regular Mail or By Overnight Service
Initial Investment:
If purchasing through your financial adviser or brokerage account, simply tell your adviser or broker that you wish to purchase shares of the Funds and he or she will take care of the necessary documentation. For all other purchases, follow the instructions below.
| 1. | Carefully read, complete, and sign the Account Application. Establishing your account privileges now saves you the inconvenience of having to add them later. A copy of the application can be obtained on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. |
| 2. | Make your check payable to “HSBC Funds” and include the name of the appropriate Fund(s) on the check. |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Subsequent Investment:
| 1. | Use the investment slip attached to your account statement. Or, if unavailable, |
| 2. | Include the following information in writing: |
| · | Fund name |
| · | Share class |
| · | Amount invested |
| · | Account name |
| · | Account number |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
|
Electronic vs. Wire Transfer
Wire transfers allow financial institutions to send funds to each other, almost instantaneously. With an electronic purchase or sale, the transaction is made through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) and may take up to eight days to clear. There is generally no fee for ACH transactions. |
36
Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Electronic Purchases
Your bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank. Your bank or broker may charge for this service.
Select the electronic purchase option on your Account Application or call 1-800-782-8183. Your account can generally be set up for electronic purchases within 15 days.
Call 1-800-782-8183 to arrange a transfer from your bank account.
By Wire Transfer
For information on how to request a wire transfer, call 1-800-782-8183.
Automatic Investment Plan
You can make automatic investments in the Funds from your bank account, through payroll deduction or from your federal employment, Social Security or other regular government checks. Automatic investments can be as little as $25, once you have invested the $250 minimum required to open the account.
To invest regularly from your bank account:
Complete the Automatic Investment Plan portion on your Account Application.
Make sure you note:
| § | Your bank name, address and account number |
| § | The amount you wish to invest automatically (minimum $25) |
| § | How often you want to invest (every month, 4 times a year, twice a year or once a year) |
| § | Attach a voided personal check. |
To invest regularly from your paycheck or government check:
Call 1-800-782-8183 for an enrollment form.
|
Directed Dividend Option
By selecting the appropriate box on the Account Application, you can elect to receive your distributions (capital gains and dividends) in cash (check) or have distributions reinvested in the applicable Fund or reinvested in another HSBC Fund without a sales charge. You must maintain the minimum balance in the Fund into which you plan to reinvest dividends or the reinvestment will be suspended and your dividends paid to you. The Funds may modify or terminate this reinvestment option without notice. You can change or terminate your participation in the reinvestment option at any time by calling 1-800-782-8183. |
Customer Identification Information
To help the U.S. Government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person that opens a new account, and to determine whether such person’s name appears on U.S. Government lists of known or suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations.
As a result, the Funds must obtain the following information for each person that opens a new account:
| · | Name; |
| · | Date of birth (for individuals); |
| · | Residential or business street address (although post office boxes are still permitted for mailing); and |
| · | Social security number, taxpayer identification number, or other identifying number. |
You may also be asked for a copy of your driver’s license, passport or other identifying document in order to verify your identity. In addition, it may be necessary to verify your identity by cross-referencing your identification information with a consumer report or other electronic database. Additional information may be required to open accounts for corporations and other entities.
Federal law prohibits the Funds and other financial institutions from opening a new account unless they receive from an investor the minimum identifying information listed above. After an account is opened, the Funds may restrict your ability to purchase additional shares until your identity is verified. The Funds may close your account or take other appropriate action if they are unable to verify your identity within a reasonable time. If your account is closed for this reason, your shares will be redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the account is closed.
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Restrictions on Offers and Sales to Canadian Residents
The shares described in this prospectus may only be distributed in Canada through HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited, and this prospectus may not be used to solicit, and will not constitute a solicitation of, an offer to buy shares in Canada unless such solicitation is made by HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited. A distribution or solicitation may be deemed to occur in Canada where a distribution or solicitation is made to a person (including an individual, corporation, trust, partnership or other entity, or other legal person) resident or otherwise located in Canada at the applicable time. For these purposes, the following persons will generally be considered to be a Canadian resident:
| 1. | An individual, if |
| · | the individual’s primary principal residence is located in Canada; or |
| · | the individual is physically located in Canada at the time of the offer, sale or other relevant activity. |
| 2. | A corporation, if |
| · | the corporation’s head office or principal office is located in Canada; or |
| · | securities of the corporation that entitle the holder to elect a majority of the directors are held by Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or by legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the corporation are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
| 3. | A trust, if |
| · | the principal office of the trust (if any) is located in Canada; or |
| · | the trustee (or in the case of multiple trustees, the majority of trustees) are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or are legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the trust are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
| 4. | A partnership, if |
| · | the partnership’s head office or principal office (if any) is located in Canada; or |
| · | the holders of the majority of the interests of or in the partnership are held by Canadian Residents (as described above); or |
| · | the general partner (if any) is a Canadian Resident (as described above); or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the partnership are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
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Shareholder Information
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Market Timing
In accordance with policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Funds discourage market timing and other excessive trading practices. The Funds are intended primarily for use as long-term investment vehicles. Frequent short-term (market timing) trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs, harm Fund performance and result in dilution in the value of Fund shares held by longer-term shareholders.
In addition, the Frontier Markets Fund may be more susceptible to the risks of short-term trading than other funds that do not invest substantially in the foreign securities markets. The nature of the holdings of the Frontier Markets Fund may present opportunities for a shareholder to engage in a short-term trading strategy that exploits possible delays between changes in the prices of the Fund’s portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in the Fund’s NAV (referred to as “time zone arbitrage”). These delays may occur because the Fund has significant investments in foreign securities where, due to time zone differences, the values of those securities are established some time before the Fund calculates its NAV. In such circumstances, the available market prices for such foreign securities may not accurately reflect the latest indications of value at the time the Fund calculates its NAV. There is a possibility that time zone arbitrage may dilute the value of the Fund’s shares if redeeming shareholders receive proceeds (and purchasing shareholders receive shares) based upon a NAV that does not reflect appropriate fair value prices.
Frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of a mutual fund (including activities of “market timers”) can result in the dilution in the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of a Fund’s investment portfolio and increased brokerage and administrative costs. The Board of Trustees has considered the extent to which the Funds may be vulnerable to such risks. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange order for any reason. The Funds are not designed to serve as vehicles for frequent trading.
As a deterrent to excessive trading, the Funds may use an independent pricing service using fair valuation methodologies approved and monitored by the Board of Trustees. For more information on fair valuation, see “Shareholder Information-Pricing of Fund Shares-Fair Value Pricing Policies.”
It is the practice of the Funds to monitor purchases, sales and exchanges of Fund shares, and to take appropriate action if it is determined that there is transactional activity in the Funds’ shares that is deemed inappropriate. The Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests from any investor and also reserve the right to close any account in which a pattern of excessive trading has been identified.
The Funds cannot guarantee that they will detect every market timer due to the limitations inherent in their technological systems. Under Rule 22c-2 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Funds have entered into agreements with financial intermediaries obligating them to provide, upon the Funds’ request, information regarding their customers and their customers’ transactions in shares of the Funds. However, there can be no guarantee that all market timing will be detected in a timely manner, since the Funds will rely on the financial intermediaries to provide the trading information, and the Funds cannot be assured that the trading information, when received, will be in a format that can be quickly analyzed or evaluated by the Funds. The Funds reserve the right to modify their policies and procedures at any time without prior notice as the Funds deem necessary in their sole discretion to be in the best interests of Fund shareholders, or to comply with state or federal legal requirements.
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Shareholder Information
| Selling Your Shares |
Generally, you may sell your Fund shares at any time. Your sales price will generally be the next NAV calculated after your sell order is received and accepted in good order by a Fund, its transfer agent, or your investment representative, as described under “Purchasing Shares” above. You may receive proceeds of your sale in a check, ACH, or federal wire transfer. Other than as described below, the Funds expect that it will take one to two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements of your financial intermediary) following the receipt of your sale order to pay out your sale proceeds; however, while not expected, payment of sale proceeds may take up to seven days.
|
Withdrawing Money from Your Fund Investment
As a mutual fund shareholder, you are technically selling shares when you request a withdrawal in cash. This is also known as redeeming shares or a redemption of shares.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge
When you sell Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, you will be charged a fee for any shares that have not been held for a sufficient length of time. These fees will be deducted from the money paid to you. See the sections on “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” and “Exchanging Your Shares” for details. |
Instructions for Selling Shares
If selling your Fund shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for redemption procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your redemption. For all other sales transactions, follow the instructions below.
By Telephone
(unless you have declined telephone sales privileges)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 with instructions as to how you wish to receive your funds (mail, wire, electronic transfer). (See “Selling Your Shares—Verifying Telephone Redemptions”) |
By Mail or Overnight Service
(See “Selling Your Shares—Redemptions in Writing Required”)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 to request redemption forms or write a letter of instruction indicating: |
| · | Your Fund and account number |
| · | Amount you wish to redeem |
| · | Address where your check should be sent |
| · | Account owner’s signature |
| 2. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Wire Transfer
You must select this option on your Account Application. Call 1-800-782-8183 to request a wire transfer. If you call by 4 p.m. Eastern Time, your payment will normally be wired to your bank on the next business day. Otherwise, it will normally be wired on the second business day after your call.
The Funds may charge a wire transfer fee.
NOTE: Your financial institution may also charge a separate fee.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Electronic Redemptions
Call 1-800-782-8183 to request an electronic redemption. Your bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank. Redemption proceeds will normally be credited within two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements of your financial intermediary). Your bank may charge for this service.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
You can receive automatic payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. The minimum withdrawal is $50. To activate this feature:
| · | Make sure you have checked the appropriate box on the Account Application, or call 1-800-782-8183. |
| · | Include a voided personal check. |
| · | Your account must have a value of $10,000 or more to start withdrawals. |
If the value of your account falls below $1,000, you may be asked to add sufficient funds to bring the account back to $1,000, or a Fund may close your account and mail the proceeds to you.
Redemptions in Writing Required
You must request redemptions in writing for certain types of redemptions by Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) and for redemption requests requiring a Medallion Signature Guarantee. A Medallion Signature Guarantee for all registered owners or their legal representative is needed in the following situations:
| · | You want to redeem shares with a value of $50,000 or more and you want to receive the proceeds in the form of a check; |
| · | You want your payment sent to an address, bank account or payee other than the one currently designated on your account; |
| · | You want the redemption proceeds to be transferred to another Fund account with a different registration; or |
| · | Other unusual situations as determined by the Fund’s transfer agent. |
You must obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee from members of the STAMP (Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program), MSP (New York Stock Exchange Signature Program) or SEMP (Stock Exchanges Medallion Program). Members are subject to dollar limitations which must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The transfer agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper.
The transfer agent reserves the right to waive signature guarantee requirements, require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or reject or delay a redemption if the signature guarantee is not in good form. Faxed signature guarantees are generally not accepted. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. The transfer agent reserves the right to reject a signature guarantee if it is not provided by a STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantor. The transfer agent may also request a letter from a surviving joint owner before fulfilling a redemption request.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Non-Financial Transactions
The transfer agent accepts signature guarantee from a notary public in any of the following non-financial transactions:
| · | A change of name; |
| · | Add or change banking instructions (the bank account must have at least one common owner with the owner of the Fund account); |
| · | Add or change beneficiaries; |
| · | Add or change authorized account traders; |
| · | Add a Power of Attorney; |
| · | Add or change a Trustee; or |
| · | A UTMA/UGMA custodian change. |
Verifying Telephone Redemptions
The Funds attempt to ensure that telephone redemptions are only made by authorized shareholders. All telephone calls are recorded for your protection and you will be asked for information to verify your identity. Proceeds of telephone redemption requests will be sent to your address of record or authorized account designated in the current records of the Transfer Agent (unless you provide written instructions and a Medallion signature guarantee, indicating another address or account). For the 15-day period following a change of account address, telephone redemptions will only be filled by a wire transfer to the authorized account designated in the current records of the transfer agent. In order to receive the redemption by check during this time period, the redemption request must be in the form of a written letter (a Medallion signature guarantee may be required).Given these precautions, unless you have specifically indicated on your Account Application that you do not want the telephone redemption feature, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders.
Redemptions Within 10 Days of Shares Purchased by Check
When you have made an investment by check and subsequently request a redemption, you will not receive the redemption proceeds until the Funds’ transfer agent is satisfied that the check has cleared (which may require up to 10 business days).
Redemption Proceeds
The Funds typically expect that they will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Funds may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests. In addition, under stressed market conditions, as well as for temporary or emergency purposes, the Funds may distribute redemption proceeds in kind, access a line of credit or overdraft facility, or borrow through other sources to meet redemptions. Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay, above certain limits, all or part of any redemption proceeds in kind, that is, in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price. If the Funds make a payment in kind, the securities will be valued in the same manner as NAV is calculated. The Funds may provide these securities in lieu of cash without prior notice. You would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains you may realize from the sale, or from the sale of securities you receive. Additional information is available in the Funds’ SAI.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Delay or Suspension in Payment of Redemption Proceeds
The Funds may suspend the right of redemption and postpone for more than seven days the date of payment upon redemption: (i) during periods when the Exchange is closed other than for weekends and certain holidays or when trading on such Exchange is restricted, (ii) during periods in which, as a result of emergency, disposal, or evaluation of the NAV of the portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.
In addition, a temporary hold may be placed on the disbursement of redemption proceeds from an account if there is a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of a Specified Adult (as defined below) has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Notice of such a delay will be provided in accordance with regulatory requirements. This temporary hold will be for an initial period of no more than 15 business days while an internal review of the facts and circumstances of the suspected financial exploitation is conducted, but the temporary hold may be extended for up to 10 additional business days if the internal review supports the belief that financial exploitation has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Both the initial and additional hold on the disbursement may be terminated or extended by a state regulator or an agency or court of competent jurisdiction. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “Specified Adult” refers to an individual who is (1) a natural person age 65 and older; or (2) a natural person age 18 and older who is reasonably believed to have a mental or physical impairment that renders the individual unable to protect his or her own interests.
Closing of Small Accounts
If your account falls below $50 due to redemptions, a Fund may ask you to increase your balance. If it is still below $50 after 30 days, the Fund may close your account and send you the proceeds at the current NAV.
Undeliverable or Uncashed Checks
Any check tendered in payment of a redemption transaction that cannot be delivered by the post office or which remains uncashed for more than six months may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed redemption checks.
Any check tendered in payment of dividends or other distributions that cannot be delivered by the post office or which remains uncashed for more than six months may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV, and if a Fund cannot locate the shareholder, the dividend option may be changed from cash to reinvest. Distributions are reinvested on the pay-date at the NAV determined at the close of business on the ex-date.
Unclaimed Accounts
Per state requirements, property may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges |
This section describes the sales charges and fees you will pay as an investor in different share classes offered by the Funds. The offering price of Class A Shares includes the front-end sales load. There is no sales charge on purchases of Class I Shares. In addition, there are no 12b-1 distribution or service fees paid from the Funds for Class I Shares. As such, Class I Shares, to the extent available, have lower annual expenses than the Class A or Class C Shares (as applicable).
Opportunity Fund
| Class A Shares | Class C Shares | Class I Shares | ||
| Sales
Charge (Load) Amount of Purchase |
Percentage of Offering Price* |
Percentage of Investment |
No front-end sales charge. A contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may be imposed on shares redeemed within one year after purchase. Shares automatically convert to Class A Shares after 5 years. | No front-end sales charge. |
| Less than $50,000 | 5.00% | 5.26% | ||
| $50,000
but less than $100,000 |
4.50% | 4.71% | ||
| $100,000
but less than $250,000 |
3.75% | 3.90% | ||
| $250,000
but less than $500,000 |
2.50% | 2.56% | ||
| $500,000
but less than $1,000,000 |
2.00% | 2.04% | ||
| $1,000,000 and over | None | None | ||
| Distribution
(12b-1) and/or Servicing Fee |
Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares. | Subject to combined annual distribution and shareholder servicing fees of up to 1.00% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class C Shares. | No Distribution or Servicing Fees. |
| Fund Expenses | Lower annual expenses than Class C Shares. Higher annual expenses than Class I Shares. | Higher annual expenses than Class A and Class I Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A and Class C Shares. |
| * | The offering price of Class A Shares includes the front-end sales load. |
Frontier Markets Fund
| Class A Shares | Class I Shares | ||
| Sales Charge (Load) Amount of Purchase |
Percentage of Offering Price* |
Percentage of Investment |
No front-end sales charge. |
| Less than $50,000 | 5.00% | 5.26% | |
| $50,000 but less than $100,000 |
4.50% | 4.71% | |
| $100,000 but less than $250,000 |
3.75% | 3.90% | |
| $250,000 but less than $500,000 |
2.50% | 2.56% | |
| $500,000 but less than $1,000,000 |
2.00% | 2.04% | |
| $1,000,000 and over | None | None | |
| Distribution (12b-1) and/or Servicing Fee |
Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares. | No Distribution or Servicing Fees. |
| Fund Expenses | Higher annual expenses than Class I Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A Shares. |
| * | The offering price of Class A Shares includes the front-end sales load. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
You should note that the sales charge that appears in your trade confirmation may differ slightly from the rate disclosed in this prospectus due to rounding calculations.
As indicated in the above charts, and as discussed further below, you may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to pay reduced sales charges on your purchases of Class A Shares or have those charges waived entirely. To take advantage of these discounts, you or your broker-dealer or financial intermediary must notify the Funds’ transfer agent at the time of your purchase order that a discount may apply to your current purchase. You may also be required to provide appropriate documentation to receive these discounts, including:
| (A) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held in all accounts (e.g., retirement accounts) of the shareholder at the financial intermediary; |
| (B) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held in any account of the shareholder at another financial intermediary; and |
| (C) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held at any financial intermediary by related parties of the shareholder, such as members of the same family or household. |
You should note in particular that, if the Funds’ transfer agent is properly notified, as described in “Right of Accumulation” and “Combination Privilege” below, the “Amount of Purchase” in the above chart will be deemed to include all Class A or Class C Shares of the HSBC Funds that were acquired by purchase or exchange, and (with respect to Class A Shares) that were subject to a sales charge, that are held at the time of purchase by you, your spouse and your children under age 21. This includes, for example, any shares held at a broker-dealer or financial intermediary other than the one handling your current purchase. In some circumstances, other Fund shares may be aggregated with your current purchase under the Right of Accumulation as described in the SAI. For purposes of determining the “Amount of Purchase,” all qualifying shares held at the time of purchase will be valued at their current market value.
You should also note that if you provide the Funds’ transfer agent a signed written letter of intent to invest a total of at least $50,000 in Class A Shares in one or more of the HSBC Funds (except the HSBC Funds that are money market funds (the “HSBC Money Market Funds”)) within a 13 month period, any investments you make during the 13 months will be treated as though the total quantity were invested in one lump sum and you will receive the discounted sales charge based on your investment commitment. You must, however, inform the transfer agent that the letter of intent is in effect each time shares are purchased. Each purchase will be made at NAV plus the sales charge applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the total amount indicated in the letter of intent.
In addition to the information provided in this prospectus and the SAI, information about sales charge discounts is available from your broker or financial intermediary and, free of charge, on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
Class A Shares
Sales Charge Reductions
Reduced sales charges for Class A Shares are available to shareholders with investments of $50,000 or more. In addition, you may qualify for reduced sales charges under the following circumstances. See the SAI for additional details.
| · | Letter of Intent. You inform a Fund in writing that you intend to purchase enough shares over a 13-month period to qualify for a reduced sales charge. You must include a minimum of 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase with your letter of intent. |
| · | Right of Accumulation. When the value of Class A Shares that were subject to a sales charge at the time of acquisition(and the value of Class A Shares and Class I Shares acquired through asset allocation programs such as the HSBC Spectrum Program, which were not subject to a sales charge), plus the amount you intend to invest in Class A Shares, reaches the amount needed to qualify for reduced sales charges, your added investment will qualify for the reduced sales charge. You must, at the time of purchase, give the Funds’ transfer agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of your qualification for the right of accumulation. |
| · | Combination Privilege. In addition to combining share classes (to the extent set forth above), you can combine accounts of multiple HSBC Funds (excluding the HSBC Money Market Funds) or accounts of immediate family household members (spouse and children under 21) to achieve reduced sales charges. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares. If you qualify for a reduced sales charge, it will apply to the total amount of money being invested, even if only a portion of that amount exceeds the breakpoint for the reduced sales charge. For example, if you already own qualifying Class A Shares of an HSBC Fund with a value of $40,000 and wish to invest an additional $20,000 in Class A Shares of an HSBC Fund, the reduced initial sales charge of 4.50% will apply to the full $20,000 purchase and not just to the $10,000 in excess of the $50,000 breakpoint. To qualify for obtaining the discount applicable to a particular purchase, you or your financial intermediary must furnish the transfer agent with a list of the account numbers and the names in which your accounts are registered at the time the purchase is made. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
Class A Shares
Waiver of Sales Charges
The following qualify for waivers of sales charges:
| · | Shares purchased by investment representatives through fee-based investment products or accounts. |
| · | Proceeds from redemptions from any of the HSBC Funds within 60 days after redemption, if you paid a front-end sales charge for those shares. |
| · | Proceeds from redemption of Class A Shares received from the automatic conversion of Class B Shares of the Opportunity Fund within 60 days after redemption of the Class A Shares. |
| · | Proceeds from redemptions of Class A Shares of any HSBC Money Market Fund within 60 days after redemption, if you purchased the shares of the HSBC Money Market Fund with the proceeds of Class A Shares of any of the HSBC Funds on which you paid a front-end sales charge or which were received from the automatic conversion of Class B Shares of the Opportunity Fund. |
| · | Reinvestment of distributions from a deferred compensation plan, agency, trust, or custody account that was maintained by the Adviser or its affiliates or invested in any of the HSBC Funds. |
| · | Shares purchased for trust or other advisory accounts established with the Adviser or its affiliates. |
| · | Shares purchased by tax-qualified employee benefit plans. |
| · | Shares purchased by directors, trustees, employees, and family members of the Adviser and its affiliates and any organization that provides services to the HSBC Funds current and retired Fund trustees; dealers who have an agreement with the Distributor; and any trade organization to which the Adviser or the Sub-Administrator belongs. |
Additional information concerning your ability to qualify for sales charge reductions is set forth in the SAI. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
Distribution (12b-1) and Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Funds have adopted Distribution (“12b-1”) Plans for Class A and Class C Shares, as applicable. 12b-1 fees compensate the Distributor and other dealers and investment representatives for services and expenses relating to the sale and distribution of the Funds’ shares and/or for providing shareholder services. 12b-1 fees are paid from Fund assets on an ongoing basis, and will decrease the return on your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges. The Funds have also adopted a Shareholder Services Plan for Class A and Class C Shares, as applicable. The Shareholder Services Plan provides that certain financial institutions and securities brokers (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) provide certain services to the shareholders of the Funds including performing certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions.
| · | The 12b-1 fees and shareholder servicing fees vary by share class as follows: |
| · | Class A Shares may pay a 12b-1 fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares of the applicable Funds. Class A Shares have a non-compensatory 12b-1 Plan. No payments have been made under this plan and there is no current intention to charge this fee. |
| · | Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund pay a 12b-1 fee of up to 0.75% of the average daily net assets of the Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund. This will cause expenses for Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund to be higher and dividends to be lower than for Class A Shares. |
| · | The higher 12b-1 fee on Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, together with the contingent deferred sales load, help sell Class C Shares without an “up-front” sales charge. In particular, these fees help to defray the costs of advancing brokerage commissions to investment representatives. |
| · | In addition to the 12b-1 fees, Class A and Class C Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the respective classes of the Funds, as applicable. |
| · | The combination of the 12b-1 fees and shareholder servicing fees will not exceed 0.50% for the Class A Shares of the Funds, and 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the respective classes of the Opportunity Fund for the Class C Shares. |
| · | There are no Rule 12b-1 distribution and shareholder servicing fees paid from the Funds for Class I Shares. |
Long-term Class C shareholders of the Opportunity Fund may pay indirectly more than the equivalent of the maximum permitted front-end sales charge due to the recurring nature of 12b-1 distribution and shareholder servicing fees.
46
| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund
Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund may be purchased for individual accounts in amounts of less than $100,000. There is no sales charge imposed upon purchases of Class C Shares, but investors may be subject to a CDSC. Specifically, if you redeem Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, your redemption may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if the shares are redeemed less than one year after the date of original purchase of the Class C Shares. The CDSC will be assessed on the lesser of the NAV at the time of redemption or the NAV at the time of purchase.
If you sell some but not all of your Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, shares not subject to the CDSC (i.e., shares purchased with reinvested dividends) will be redeemed first.
Conversion Feature—Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund
| · | Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund will convert automatically to Class A Shares of the same Fund after five years from the beginning of the calendar month in which the Class C Shares were originally purchased. |
| · | After conversion, your shares will be subject to the lower combined distribution and shareholder servicing fees charged on Class A Shares which will increase your investment return compared to the Class C Shares. |
| · | You will not pay any sales charge or fees when your shares convert, nor will the transaction be subject to any tax. |
| · | If you purchased Class C Shares of one Fund which you exchanged for Class C Shares of another Fund, your holding period will be calculated from the time of your original purchase. The dollar value of Class A Shares you receive will equal the dollar value of the Class C Shares converted. |
Waiver of Sales Charges—Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund
The following qualify for waivers of sales charges:
| · | Distributions following the death or disability of shareholder. |
| · | Redemptions representing the required minimum distribution from an IRA or a Custodial Account to a shareholder who has reached age 70½. |
| · | Redemptions representing the required minimum distribution from 401(k) retirement plans where such redemptions are necessary to make distributions to plan participants. |
47
| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
Class I Shares
There is no sales charge on purchases of Class I Shares. However, if you are effecting transactions in Class I Shares through a broker or financial intermediary that is acting as your agent, you may be required to pay a commission directly to your broker or financial intermediary. In addition to Class I Shares, each Fund also offers other classes of shares to investors. These other share classes are subject to different fees and expenses (which affect performance) and are entitled to different services than Class I Shares.
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements—Revenue Sharing
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to each of the Funds, assist in the sale, distribution and/or servicing of a Fund’s shares. Without limiting the foregoing, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to each of the Funds, provide compensation to selected financial intermediaries for marketing and/or shareholder recordkeeping, processing, accounting and/or other administrative services in connection with the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares and shareholders of the Fund. These payments, which may be significant, are not paid by the Funds, and therefore, do not increase Fund expenses. Accordingly, these payments are not included in the fee and expense tables in this Prospectus. In addition, these payments do not change the price paid by shareholders for the purchase of Fund shares, the amount the Funds receive as proceeds from such sales or the fees and expenses paid by the Funds. Historically, these payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. These payments are in addition to commissions and 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders. The making of these payments creates a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments to recommend the Funds over another investment. Shareholders should ask their financial intermediaries about how they will be compensated for investments made in the Funds. For additional information on these arrangements and payments, please see the “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” section of the SAI.
Exchanging Your Shares
If exchanging your shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for exchange procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your exchange. For all other redemption transactions, follow the instructions below.
You can exchange your shares of a Fund for shares of the same class of another HSBC Fund, usually without paying additional sales charges (see “Notes on Exchanges”). Transaction fees are generally not charged for exchanges.
You must meet the minimum investment requirements for the HSBC Fund into which you are exchanging. Exchanges from one HSBC Fund to another are taxable.
Instructions for Exchanging Shares
Exchanges may be made by sending a written request to HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183. Please provide the following information:
| · | Your name and telephone number |
| · | The exact name on your account and account number |
| · | Taxpayer identification number (usually your social security number) |
| · | Dollar value or number of shares to be exchanged |
| · | The name of the Fund from which the exchange is to be made |
| · | The name of the Fund into which the exchange is being made |
See “Selling Your Shares” for important information about telephone transactions.
To prevent disruption in the management of the Funds due to market timing strategies, excessive exchange activity may be limited.
48
| Shareholder Information |
| Exchanging Your Shares continued |
Notes on Exchanges
When exchanging from an HSBC Fund that has no sales charge or a lower sales charge to an HSBC Fund with a higher sales charge, you will pay the difference.
The registration and tax identification numbers of the two accounts must be identical.
The Exchange Privilege (including automatic exchanges) may be changed or eliminated at any time upon a 60-day notice to shareholders.
Be sure to read carefully the Prospectus of any HSBC Fund into which you wish to exchange shares.
Class A Shares of the Funds may be exchanged for Class D Shares of the HSBC Money Market Funds only if you are otherwise eligible to hold Class D Shares. In all other cases, you will receive Class A Shares of the HSBC Money Market Funds in exchange for your Class A Shares of any of the HSBC Funds.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents
In an effort to reduce the cost associated with the printing and mailing of prospectuses, annual reports and semi-annual reports as well as reduce the likelihood of our shareholders receiving duplicative mailings, the Funds intend to mail only one prospectus and shareholder report to shareholders having the same last name and residing at a common address. If you wish to receive separate copies of the prospectuses and shareholder reports, please contact your financial adviser or registered representative at the institution where you have your account.
If you are a client of HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., please send your request to the address below:
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
P.O. Box 4217
Buffalo, NY 14240-8929
If you have any questions regarding the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-662-3343.
If your account is held directly with a Fund, please mail your request to the address below:
HSBC Funds
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
If you have any questions regarding the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-782-8183.
The Funds will begin sending you individual copies of prospectuses and shareholder reports thirty days after receiving your request.
Other Information
The Prospectus and SAI, related regulatory filings, and any other Fund communications or disclosure documents do not purport to create any contractual obligations between a Fund and shareholders. Each Fund may amend any of these documents or enter into (or amend) a contract on behalf of the Fund without shareholder approval except where shareholder approval is specifically required. Furthermore, shareholders are not intended to be third-party beneficiaries of any contracts entered into by (or on behalf of) a Fund, including contracts with the Adviser, a Subadviser or other parties who provide services to the Fund.
49
| Shareholder Information |
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes |
Dividends and Distributions
All dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested unless you request otherwise. There are no sales charges for reinvested dividends and distributions. Dividends are higher for Class I Shares than for Class A Shares and Class C Shares (as applicable) because Class I Shares have lower operating expenses. Net capital gains are distributed at least annually.
Distributions are made on a per share basis regardless of how long you’ve owned your shares. Therefore, if you invest shortly before the distribution date, some of your investment will be returned to you in the form of a distribution, which will generally be taxable. To the extent permitted by law, a Fund retains the right to temporarily suspend paying dividends if it is believed to be in the best interest of the Funds.
From time to time, a portion of a Fund’s distributions may constitute return of capital for tax purposes, and/or may include amounts in excess of a Fund’s net investment income for the period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Taxes
The following information related to tax matters is meant as a general summary for U.S. taxpayers. Please see the SAI for more information. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should rely on your own tax advisor for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences to you of investing in a Fund.
| · | A Fund generally will not have to pay income tax on amounts it distributes to shareholders, although shareholders will be taxed on distributions they receive. |
| · | Any income a Fund receives and any capital gain that a Fund derives is paid out, less expenses, to its shareholders. |
| · | Dividends from the Opportunity Fund are paid semi-annually. Dividends from the Frontier Markets Fund are paid annually. Net capital gains, if any, for all Funds are distributed at least annually. Unless a shareholder elects to receive them in cash, dividends and distributions will be automatically invested in additional shares of a Fund. |
| · | Dividends and distributions are treated in the same manner for federal income tax purposes whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares. |
| · | Subject to certain limitations, qualifying dividends on corporate stock that are reported as qualified dividend income are eligible for a reduced maximum rate to individuals of 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. |
| · | Any portion of a Fund’s dividend that is derived from interest will not qualify for the reduced rate of tax that may apply to certain qualifying dividends on corporate stock, as described above. Instead, dividends attributable to interest will be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate applicable to the taxpayer. If a Fund reports a dividend as a capital gain distribution (e.g., when the Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset that the Fund held for more than one year), you will pay tax on that dividend at the long-term capital gains tax rate, no matter how long you have held your Fund shares. Distributions of short-term capital gains (e.g., when a Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset it held for one year or less) are taxable at ordinary income tax rates. |
| · | An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts. |
| · | Dividends are taxable in the year in which they are paid or deemed paid, even if they appear on your account statement the following year. If a Fund declares a dividend in October, November or December of a year and distributes the dividend in January of the next year, you may be taxed as if you received it in the year declared rather than the year received. |
50
| Shareholder Information |
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes continued |
| · | There may be tax consequences to you if you dispose of your shares in a Fund, for example, through redemption, exchange or sale. The amount of any gain or loss and the rate of tax will depend mainly upon how much you pay for the shares, how much you sell them for, and how long you held them. |
| · | Any loss recognized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any long- term capital gain distributions that were received with respect to the shares. Additionally, any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after disposition including replacement pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the shares acquired. |
| · | The Internal Revenue Code requires the Funds to report to the Internal Revenue Service, and furnish to Fund shareholders, cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and sold on or after that date. The Funds will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several cost basis methods accepted by the Internal Revenue Service, including average cost. In the absence of an election by a shareholder, the Funds will use the average cost method with respect to that shareholder. |
| · | Some foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these withholding taxes is recoverable, the non-recovered portion will reduce the income received from the securities in the Funds. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, that Fund may elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by that Fund. If that Fund so elects, each of its shareholders would be required to include in gross income, even though not actually received, its pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by that Fund, but would be treated as having paid its pro rata share of such foreign taxes and would therefore be allowed to either deduct such amount in computing taxable income or use such amount (subject to holding period and certain other limitations) as a foreign tax credit against federal income tax (but not both). A Fund will provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax if it makes this election. |
| · | Information regarding the federal tax status of distributions made by the Funds will be mailed by February 15th of each year. The notice will tell you which dividends must be treated as taxable ordinary income and which (if any) are long-term capital gain. Depending on your residence for tax purposes, distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes, including withholding taxes. |
| · | If you buy shares of a Fund before it makes a taxable distribution, the distribution will be taxable to you even though it may actually be a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as “buying a dividend.” |
| · | Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital. |
| · | As with all mutual funds, a Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 24% of all taxable distributions payable to you if you fail to provide the Fund with your correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, but is a method in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. |
| · | Foreign shareholders are generally subject to special withholding requirements. If a Fund elects to report distributions of U.S. source interest and short-term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors. |
| · | If you invest through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, you generally will not have to pay tax on dividends or capital gains until they are distributed from the account. These accounts are subject to complex tax rules, and you should consult your tax adviser about investment through a tax-deferred account. |
| · | There is a penalty on certain pre-retirement distributions from retirement accounts. |
| · | A Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required. |
51
Financial Highlights
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand each Fund’s financial performance for the past 5 years or, if shorter, the period of each Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single share of a Fund. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from information audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose reports, along with each Fund’s financial statements, are incorporated herein by reference and included in each Fund’s annual reports, which are available upon request.
On June 24, 2016, the Funds, which were series of HSBC Funds and HSBC Advisor Funds Trust (with respect to Class I Shares of the Opportunity Fund), each a Massachusetts business trust, and the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio, which was a series of HSBC Portfolios, a New York trust, reorganized with and into corresponding series of HSBC Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (each, a “Reorganization”). Upon completion of each Reorganization, the respective share classes of each Fund assumed the performance, financial and other historical information of those of the corresponding predecessor fund.
52
| HSBC OPPORTUNITY FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.*
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income/ (Loss)(a) |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/ (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(b) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Net Investment Income/ (Loss) to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions) |
Portfolio Turnover(c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 10.70 | $ | (0.07 | ) | $ | 0.59 | $ | 0.52 | $ | — | $ | (1.80 | ) | $ | (1.80 | ) | $ | 9.42 | 8.77 | % | $ | 8,449 | 1.55 | % | (0.79 | )% | 5.77 | % | 81 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 11.24 | (0.10 | ) | 0.82 | 0.72 | — | (1.26 | ) | (1.26 | ) | 10.70 | 6.46 | % | 9,352 | 1.55 | % | (0.84 | )% | 5.37 | % | 77 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 9.94 | (0.08 | ) | 2.68 | 2.60 | — | (1.30 | ) | (1.30 | ) | 11.24 | 29.00 | % | 9,422 | 1.55 | % | (0.79 | )% | 2.98 | % | 80 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 10.34 | (0.07 | ) | (0.33 | ) | (0.40 | ) | — | — | — | 9.94 | (3.87 | )% | 9,276 | 1.55 | % | (0.66 | )% | 2.11 | % | 96 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 12.83 | (0.10 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.17 | ) | — | (2.32 | ) | (2.32 | ) | 10.34 | (2.21 | )% | 16,593 | 1.55 | % | (0.86 | )% | 1.84 | % | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class C Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | 6.53 | (0.08 | ) | 0.20 | 0.12 | — | (1.80 | ) | (1.80 | ) | 4.85 | 8.07 | % | 77 | 2.30 | % | (1.54 | )% | 6.60 | % | 81 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 7.38 | (0.11 | ) | 0.52 | 0.41 | — | (1.26 | ) | (1.26 | ) | 6.53 | 5.52 | % | 116 | 2.30 | % | (1.60 | )% | 6.08 | % | 77 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 6.99 | (0.11 | ) | 1.80 | 1.69 | — | (1.30 | ) | (1.30 | ) | 7.38 | 28.11 | % | 454 | 2.30 | % | (1.54 | )% | 3.71 | % | 80 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 7.32 | (0.10 | ) | (0.23 | ) | (0.33 | ) | — | — | — | 6.99 | (4.51 | )% | 475 | 2.30 | % | (1.41 | )% | 2.88 | % | 96 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 9.80 | (0.13 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.16 | ) | — | (2.32 | ) | (2.32 | ) | 7.32 | (2.93 | )% | 825 | 2.30 | % | (1.61 | )% | 2.62 | % | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The per share amounts and percentages reflect income and expenses assuming inclusion of the Fund’s proportionate share of the income and expenses of the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio. |
| (a) |
Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| (b) |
Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (c) |
Portfolio turnover rate is calculated on the basis of the respective Portfolio in which the Fund invests all of its investable assets. Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued. |
|
Amounts designated as “—“ are $0.00 or have been rounded to $0.00. |
53
| HSBC OPPORTUNITY FUND (CLASS I) |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.*
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income/ (Loss)(a) |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/ (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(b) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Net Investment Income/ (Loss) to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions) |
Portfolio Turnover(c) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class I Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 14.38 | $ | (0.04 | ) | $ | 0.81 | $ | 0.77 | $ | — | $ | (2.36 | ) | $ | (2.36 | ) | $ | 12.79 | 9.25 | % | $ | 115,924 | 1.10 | % | (0.34 | )% | 1.44 | % | 81 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 15.40 | (0.06 | ) | 1.12 | 1.06 | — | (2.08 | ) | (2.08 | ) | 14.38 | 6.96 | % | 136,640 | 1.10 | % | (0.40 | )% | 1.39 | % | 77 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 13.27 | (0.05 | ) | 3.65 | 3.60 | — | (1.47 | ) | (1.47 | ) | 15.40 | 29.53 | % | 127,861 | 1.10 | % | (0.34 | )% | 1.12 | % | 80 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 13.72 | (0.02 | ) | (0.43 | ) | (0.45 | ) | — | — | — | 13.27 | (3.28 | )% | 141,061 | 1.03 | % | (0.15 | )% | 1.03 | % | 96 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 17.47 | (0.05 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.13 | ) | — | (3.62 | ) | (3.62 | ) | 13.72 | (1.69 | )% | 219,846 | 0.99 | % | (0.30 | )% | 0.99 | % | 63 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| * |
The per share amounts and percentages reflect income and expenses assuming inclusion of the Fund’s proportionate share of the income and expenses of the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio. |
| (a) |
Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| (b) |
Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (c) |
Portfolio turnover rate is calculated on the basis of the respective Portfolio in which the Fund invests all of its investable assets. Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued. |
|
Amounts designated as ‘—‘ are $0.00 or have been rounded to $0.00. |
54
| HSBC FRONTIER MARKETS FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Period |
Net Investment Income/ (Loss)(a) |
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains/ (Losses) from Investments |
Total from Investment Activities |
Net Investment Income |
Net Realized Gains from Investment Transactions |
Total Distributions |
Net Asset Value, End of Period |
Total Return(b) |
Net Assets at End of Period (000’s) |
Ratio of Net Expenses to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Net Investment Income/ (Loss) to Average Net Assets |
Ratio of Expenses to Average Net Assets (Excluding Fee Reductions) |
Portfolio Turnover(c) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 11.36 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.92 | $ | 1.16 | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.17 | ) | $ | 12.35 | 10.34 | %(d) | $ | 1,391 | 1.85 | % | 1.98 | % | 8.34 | % | 55 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 14.10 | 0.17 | (2.82 | ) | (2.65 | ) | (0.09 | ) | — | (0.09 | ) | 11.36(e) | (18.89 | )% | 4,342 | 2.00 | % | 1.26 | % | 5.54 | % | 62 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 11.94 | 0.16 | 2.23 | 2.39 | (0.23 | ) | — | (0.23 | ) | 14.10 | (e) | 20.41 | % | 8,676 | 2.20 | % | 1.20 | % | 3.28 | % | 44 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 12.11 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.27 | (0.44 | ) | — | (0.44 | ) | 11.94 | 2.59 | % | 7,069 | 2.18 | % | 1.17 | % | 2.55 | % | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 14.95 | 0.12 | (1.81 | ) | (1.69 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (1.06 | ) | (1.15 | ) | 12.11 | (11.67 | )% | 21,756 | 2.20 | % | 0.96 | % | 2.20 | % | 66 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class I Shares | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | 11.44 | 0.22 | 0.98 | 1.20 | (0.25 | ) | — | (0.25 | ) | 12.39 | 10.72 | %(d) | 6,071 | 1.50 | % | 1.79 | % | 7.57 | % | 55 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 14.18 | 0.19 | (2.79 | ) | (2.60 | ) | (0.14 | ) | — | (0.14 | ) | 11.44 | (e) | (18.52 | )% | 9,827 | 1.70 | % | 1.30 | % | 4.81 | % | 62 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 12.02 | 0.19 | 2.25 | 2.44 | (0.28 | ) | — | (0.28 | ) | 14.18 | (e) | 20.78 | % | 37,883 | 1.85 | % | 1.49 | % | 2.90 | % | 44 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 12.19 | 0.22 | 0.09 | 0.31 | (0.48 | ) | — | (0.48 | ) | 12.02 | 2.99 | % | 42,207 | 1.82 | % | 1.93 | % | 2.20 | % | 8 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2015 | 15.08 | 0.19 | (1.85 | ) | (1.66 | ) | (0.17 | ) | (1.06 | ) | (1.23 | ) | 12.19 | (11.42 | )% | 120,010 | 1.85 | % | 1.44 | % | 1.86 | % | 66 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) |
Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| (b) |
Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (c) |
Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued. |
| (d) |
During the year ended October 31, 2019, the Fund received a payment from an affiliate. The corresponding impact to the total return was 0.27%. |
| (e) |
The net asset value per share (“NAV”) for financial reporting purposes differs from the NAV reported due to adjustments made in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. |
|
Amounts designated as ‘—‘ are $0.00 or have been rounded to $0.00. |
55
For more information about the Funds, the following documents are available free upon request:
Annual/Semi-annual Reports:
The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Funds’ investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during the last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds, including their operations and investment policies. It is incorporated by reference and legally considered a part of this prospectus.
You can get free copies of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and the SAI and prospectuses of other funds in the HSBC Family of Funds from the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. You can also obtain these items or request other information, and discuss your questions about the Funds, by contacting a broker or bank through which shares of the Funds may be purchased or sold, or by contacting the Funds at:
| HSBC Funds |
| P.O. Box 219691 |
| Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 |
| Telephone: 1-800-782-8183 |
You can review and copy the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and SAI for free from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or you can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT FILE NO. 811-04782
00242382

HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc.
HSBC Funds
Prospectus
February 28, 2020
| FIXED INCOME FUNDS | Class A | Class I | |||||
| HSBC High Yield Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Yield Bond Fund) |
HBYAX | HBYIX | |||||
| HSBC Strategic Income Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Income Bond Fund) |
HBIAX | HBIIX |
THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION HAS NOT APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED THESE SECURITIES OR DETERMINED IF THIS PROSPECTUS IS TRUTHFUL OR COMPLETE. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
AN INVESTMENT IN A FUND IS NOT A DEPOSIT OF HSBC BANK USA, N.A. AND IS NOT INSURED OR GUARANTEED BY THE FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION OR ANY OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCY.
| HSBC Funds | Table of Contents | ||||
| Summary Section | |||||
| This section summarizes each | 3 | HSBC High Yield Fund | |||
| Fund’s investment objective, | 10 | HSBC Strategic Income Fund | |||
| strategies, fees, and risks, and | |||||
| provides other information about | |||||
| your account. | |||||
| Additional
Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks | |||||
| This section provides | 17 | More About Risks and Investment Strategies | |||
| additional details about each | 18 | Investment Risks of the Funds | |||
| Fund’s investment strategies | 25 | More Information About Indices | |||
| and risks. | 26 | Who May Want to Invest? | |||
| 26 | More Information About Fund Investments | ||||
| 26 | Portfolio Holdings | ||||
| Fund Management | |||||
| Review this section for details | 27 | The Investment Adviser and Subadviser | |||
| on the people and | 28 | Portfolio Managers | |||
| organizations who provide | 28 | The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator | |||
| services to the Funds. | |||||
| Shareholder Information | |||||
| Review this section for additional | 29 | Pricing of Fund Shares | |||
| information, including for information | 30 | Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares | |||
| on how shares are valued and how | 35 | Selling Your Shares | |||
| to purchase, sell and exchange | 39 | Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges | |||
| shares. This section also describes | 42 | Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements— | |||
| related charges, and payments of | Revenue Sharing | ||||
| dividends and distributions. | 42 | Exchanging Your Shares | |||
| 43 | Delivery of Shareholder Documents | ||||
| 43 | Other Information | ||||
| 43 | Dividends, Distributions and Taxes | ||||
| Financial Highlights | |||||
| Review this section for details on | 47 | HSBC High Yield Fund | |||
| selected financial statements of the Funds. | 48 | HSBC Strategic Income Fund | |||
| 2 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Class A and Class I Shares
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC High Yield Fund (the “Fund”) (formerly the HSBC Global High Yield Bond Fund) is to maximize total return (comprised of capital appreciation and income).
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The table does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in the HSBC Family of Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, and is explained in “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” on page 39 of this prospectus and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) in “Right of Accumulation” on page 79.
| Shareholder
Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class I | |||
| Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) | 3.75% | None | |||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) | None | None | |||
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class I | |||
| Management Fee | 0.65% | 0.65% | |||
| Other expenses: | |||||
| Shareholder servicing fee | 0.25% | 0.00% | |||
| Other operating expenses | 1.67% | 1.57% | |||
| Total Other Expenses | 1.92% | 1.57% | |||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses | 0.03% | 0.03% | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.60%* | 2.25% | |||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement** | 1.67% | 1.67% | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 0.93% | 0.58% |
| * | The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current expenses and do not correlate to the ratios of net and total expenses to average net assets provided in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. |
| ** | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (“Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to an annual rate of 0.90% for Class A Shares and 0.55% for Class I Shares. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
| 3 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example takes the Fund’s Expense Limitation Agreement into account until its expiration on March 1, 2021. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||
| Class A Shares | $466 | $1,000 | $1,559 | $3,079 | ||||||
| Class I Shares | $59 | $542 | $1,052 | $2,454 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover was 76% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in a diversified portfolio of high yield securities. High yield securities are commonly referred to as “junk bonds” and are rated lower than “Baa3” by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or lower than “BBB-” by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”), or, if unrated, determined by HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (“Adviser”), to be of comparable quality. The “total return” sought by the Fund consists of income earned on investments, plus capital appreciation, if any, which generally arises from decreases in interest rates or improving credit fundamentals for a particular region, sector, security or issuer.
The Fund primarily invests in U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities issued by U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government). The Fund may also invest up to 30% of its total assets in fixed income securities issued by non-U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government), including securities of issuers in emerging market countries.
The Fund may use swaps (e.g., credit default, interest rate and total return swaps), forwards (e.g., forward foreign currency exchange contracts), futures, options and other derivative instruments for hedging purposes, cash management purposes, as a substitute for investing in fixed income securities, or to enhance returns. For example, the Fund may use credit default swaps to manage credit risk, interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk and forward foreign currency exchange contracts to manage currency risk. The Fund may also use derivatives, including futures, for investment purposes when the Adviser believes that doing so will assist the Fund in achieving its investment objective. For purposes of meeting its 80% investment policy, the Fund may include derivatives that have characteristics or exposures similar to high yield securities.
The Fund may also invest in senior secured loans (including assignments and participations), second lien loans, senior and subordinated loans and convertible bonds, including contingent convertible bonds (up to 15% of its total assets). Convertible bonds, which may be issued by companies of all sizes and market capitalizations, include, but are not limited to: corporate bonds, debentures, notes or preferred stocks and their hybrids that can be converted into (exchanged for) common stock or other instruments, such as warrants or options, which provide an opportunity for equity participation. Convertible bonds generally fall within the lower-rated categories as determined by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (“NRSRO”).
The Fund may also purchase investment grade fixed income securities. Investment grade fixed income securities are securities that are rated by one or more NRSROs within one of the four highest long-term quality grades at the time of purchase (e.g., “AAA,” “AA,” “A” or “BBB” by S&P or Fitch or “Aaa,” “Aa,” “A” or “Baa” by Moody’s). The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its total assets in asset-backed securities.
| 4 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Strategies — (continued)
The Fund may also seek to achieve its investment objective by investing up to 10% of its total assets in other underlying funds. The underlying funds may include mutual funds managed by the Adviser and mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) managed by investment advisers that are not affiliated with the Adviser.
The Fund’s portfolio is carefully constructed by the Adviser. Through top-down oversight, the Adviser determines asset, currency and duration positioning, among other things. Securities are selected for purchase and sale through a fundamental research-driven bottom-up investment process, in which issuers are analyzed based on fundamental credit research and standard valuation tools. Securities are also selected through a top-down investment process, based on regional, sector and credit allocations.
The Fund may purchase securities of various maturities, but expects under normal market conditions to maintain an average portfolio duration that normally varies within one year (plus or minus) of the duration of the ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Constrained Index (the “Index”), which as of December 31, 2019 was 3.03 years.
Principal Investment Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | Asset-Backed Securities: Asset-backed securities are debt instruments that are secured by interests in pools of financial assets, such as credit card or automobile receivables. The value of these securities will be influenced by the factors affecting the assets underlying such securities, changes in interest rates, changes in default rates of borrowers and private insurers or deteriorating economic conditions. During periods of declining asset values, asset-backed securities may be difficult to value or become more volatile and/or illiquid. Asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral comparable to that of mortgage assets, resulting in additional credit risk. |
| · | Convertible Bond Risk: Convertible bonds are subject to the risks of equity securities when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and debt instruments when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible bond is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt instrument, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying equity security. Contingent convertible bonds (“CoCo bonds”) are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. |
| · | Counterparty Risk: When the Fund enters into an investment contract, such as an over-the-counter derivative, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations and that the Fund will sustain losses. |
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: The Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make or perceived to be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal or enters bankruptcy. The issuer or guarantor could also suffer a rapid decrease in credit quality rating, which would adversely affect the volatility of the value and liquidity of the investment. This risk is greater for lower-quality bonds than for bonds that are investment grade. |
| · | High-Yield Securities (“Junk Bond”) Risk: Investments in high-yield securities (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) are considered speculative investments and have significantly higher credit risk than investment-grade securities and tend to be less marketable (i.e., less liquid) than higher rated securities. The prices of high-yield securities, which may be more volatile than higher rated securities of similar maturity due to such factors as specific issuer developments and interest rate sensitivity, may be more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, social or political conditions. |
| · | Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. |
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may negatively affect the ability of the Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| 5 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Risks — (continued)
| · | Derivatives Risk: The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value per share and cause you to lose money. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk that the Fund will be required to pay additional margin or set aside additional collateral to maintain open derivative positions; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses, particularly when derivatives are used to enhance return rather than offset risk. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the Fund. The use of derivatives by the Fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. |
| · | Emerging Markets Risk: The Fund’s investments in emerging market countries are subject to all of the risks of foreign investing generally, and have additional heightened risks due to a lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets, including: greater market volatility and illiquidity, lower trading volume, delays or failures in trading or settling portfolio securities transactions; currency and capital controls or other government restrictions or intervention, such as economic sanctions, tariffs and/or trade embargoes, expropriation, nationalization and repatriation restrictions; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; pervasiveness of corruption and crime; currency exchange rate volatility; and higher levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation. The prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities in more developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect such risks may have on an investment. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions (e.g., sanctions or tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. |
| · | Leverage Risk: Leverage created by investments such as derivatives can diminish the Fund’s performance and increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. |
| · | Liquidity Risk: The Fund may hold illiquid investments by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for, or a reduction in the number or capacity of market participants making a market in, certain of its investments, or because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales. An investment may become illiquid after purchase. The Fund could lose money or dilute remaining investors’ interests if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that is most beneficial to the Fund. Investments that are illiquid, less liquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value. |
| · | Loan-Related Investments Risk: In addition to risks generally associated with debt investments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), loan-related investments, such as loan participations and assignments, are subject to other risks. Although a loan obligation may be fully collateralized at the time of acquisition, the collateral may decline in value, be or become illiquid or less liquid, or lose all or substantially all of its value subsequent to investment. Many loan investments are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale and may be or become illiquid or less liquid and more difficult to value, particularly in the event of a downgrade of the loan or the borrower. Increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan obligation defaults. With respect to loan participations, the Fund may not always have direct recourse against a borrower if the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal and/or interest; may be subject to greater delays, expenses and risks than if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower; and may be regarded as the creditor of the agent lender (rather than the borrower), subjecting the Fund to the creditworthiness of that lender as well. Investors in loans, such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws, although they may be entitled to contractual remedies to the extent that such remedies are provided for in the agreement. Because transactions in many loans are subject to extended trade settlement periods, the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a period after the sale. As a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a period after the sale of the loans. Consequently, the Fund may have to sell other investments, maintain higher levels of cash or engage in borrowing transactions, such as borrowing from any overdraft facility, if necessary to raise cash to meet its redemption obligations. |
| 6 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Risks — (continued)
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region. |
| · | Other Investment Companies Risk: By investing in other investment companies (including ETFs) indirectly through the Fund, investors will incur a proportionate share of the expenses of the other investment companies held by the Fund (including operating costs and investment management fees) in addition to the fees regularly borne by the Fund. In addition, the Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such investment companies in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund invests therein. |
| · | Sovereign Debt Risk: Sovereign debt instruments, which are instruments issued by foreign governmental entities, are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its sovereign debt due to, among other reasons, cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, the relative size of the governmental entity’s debt or its failure to implement economic reforms. There is no generally established legal or bankruptcy process for collecting sovereign debt. |
| · | Swap Risk: The use of swap agreements, which are agreements to exchange the return generated by one instrument (or index) for the return generated by another instrument (or index), and similar instruments involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Swap agreements may also subject the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to the transaction may not meet its obligations, causing the Fund’s net asset value to decrease. Swaps are also particularly subject to credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks. Swap agreements may also be considered illiquid. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
| 7 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year-to-year performance and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with that of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, including before- and after-tax returns, does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Prior to April 1, 2019, the Fund invested at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in a globally diversified portfolio of high yield securities. Effective April 1, 2019, the Fund invests primarily in U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities issued by U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government). Accordingly, performance information prior to that date reflects the Fund’s former investment strategies, and future performance will vary. In addition, as of April 1, 2019, the Fund’s benchmark was changed from the ICE BofA BB-B Global High Yield Constrained Index (USD Hedged) to the Index. The Adviser believes that the Index is a more appropriate index against which to measure performance in light of the changes to the Fund’s investment strategies.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class I Shares. The returns for Class A Shares will differ from the Class I Shares’ returns shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for Class I Shares
| Best Quarter: | Q1 2019 | 5.76% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q4 2018 | -3.45% |
The table below shows returns on a before-tax and after-tax basis. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns shown in the table below are for Class I Shares of the Fund and after-tax returns for Class A Shares may vary. The table further compares the Fund’s performance over time to those of the Index and the Fund’s former benchmark, the ICE BofA BB-B Global High Yield Constrained Index (USD Hedged).
Average Annual Total Returns (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date |
1 Year | Since Inception |
|||||
| Class I Return Before Taxes | July 14, 2015 | 12.88% | 5.13% | ||||
| Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions | July 14, 2015 | 10.48% | 2.91% | ||||
| Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | July 14, 2015 | 7.57% | 2.92% | ||||
| Class A Return Before Taxes | July 14, 2015 | 8.25% | 3.86% | ||||
| ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Constrained Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | 14.41% | 6.29%* | |||||
| ICE BofA BB-B Global High Yield Constrained Index (USD Hedged) (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | — | 14.72% | 6.55%* |
| * | Since July 14, 2015 |
| 8 |
| HSBC High Yield Fund Summary Section |
Investment Advisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Fund’s investment adviser.
Portfolio Managers
Investment decisions for the Fund are made by Mary Bowers, Senior Portfolio Manager; and Rick Liu, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager. Ms. Bowers and Mr. Liu have managed the Fund since its inception in July 2015.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Account Type | Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* |
|||||||||
| Class A Shares | |||||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | |||||||
| Class I Shares | |||||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 0 | |||||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. |
Please see “How NAV is Calculated” on page 29 of this prospectus for more information regarding days on which you will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends from net investment income, if any, at least monthly. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements. From time to time, a portion of a Fund’s distributions may constitute return of capital for tax purposes, and/or may include amounts in excess of a Fund’s net investment income for the period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Website for more information.
| 9 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Class A and Class I
Investment Objective
The investment objective of the HSBC Strategic Income Fund (the “Fund”) (formerly the Global High Income Bond Fund) is to provide a high level of current income.
Fees and Expenses of the Fund
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. The table does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $100,000 in the HSBC Family of Funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial professional, and is explained in “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges” on page 39 of this prospectus and in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) in “Right of Accumulation” on page 79.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class I | |||
| Maximum Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases (as a % of offering price) | 3.75% | None | |||
| Maximum Deferred Sales Charge (load) (as a % of amount redeemed) | None | None | |||
| Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
Class A | Class I | |||
| Management Fee | 0.65% | 0.65% | |||
| Other expenses: | |||||
| Shareholder servicing fee | 0.25% | 0.00% | |||
| Other operating expenses | 1.86% | 1.76% | |||
| Total Other Expenses | 2.11% | 1.76% | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses | 2.76%* | 2.41% | |||
| Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement** | 1.71% | 1.71% | |||
| Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement | 1.05% | 0.70% |
| * | The Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses have been restated to reflect current expenses. |
| ** | HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (“Adviser”), has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with the Fund (“Expense Limitation Agreement”) under which it will limit total expenses of the Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to an annual rate of 1.05% for Class A Shares and 0.70% for Class I Shares. Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by the Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause the Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitation shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Expense Limitation Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Contract between HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees. |
| 10 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Example
This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses remain the same. The Example takes the Fund’s Expense Limitation Agreement into account until its expiration on March 1, 2021. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay on your purchases of Class I Shares of the Fund. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||||
| Class A Shares | $478 | $1,043 | $1,633 | $3,229 | ||||||
| Class I Shares | $72 | $587 | $1,130 | $2,615 |
Portfolio Turnover
The Fund pays transaction costs when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in Annual Fund Operating Expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover was 104% of the average value of its portfolio.
Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal circumstances, primarily in a diversified portfolio of higher yielding securities. Higher yielding securities are those securities rated in the lowest investment grade category or lower by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) (e.g., “Baa1” or lower by Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) or “BBB+” or lower by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services (“S&P”) or Fitch, Inc. (“Fitch”) or, if unrated, determined by HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., the Fund’s investment adviser (“Adviser”) or HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, the Fund’s subadviser (“AMEU” or “Subadviser”), to be of comparable quality).
The Fund primarily invests in U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities issued by U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government). The Fund may also invest up to 30% of its total assets in fixed income securities issued by non-U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government), including securities of issuers in emerging market countries. The Fund may purchase securities of any maturities or duration.
The Fund may use swaps (e.g., credit default, interest rate and total return swaps), forwards (e.g., forward foreign currency exchange contracts), futures, options and other derivative instruments for hedging purposes, cash management purposes, as a substitute for investing in fixed income securities, or to enhance returns. For example, the Fund may use credit default swaps to manage credit risk, interest rate swaps to manage interest rate risk and forward foreign currency exchange contracts to manage currency risk. The Fund may also use derivatives, including futures, for investment purposes when the Adviser or AMEU believes that doing so will assist the Fund in achieving its investment objective. For purposes of meeting its investment policy, the Fund may include derivatives that have characteristics or exposures similar to higher yielding securities.
The Fund may also invest in senior secured loans (including assignments and participations), second lien loans, senior and subordinated loans and convertible bonds, including contingent convertible bonds (up to 10% of its total assets). Convertible bonds, which may be issued by companies of all sizes and market capitalizations, include, but are not limited to: corporate bonds, debentures, notes or preferred stocks and their hybrids that can be converted into (exchanged for) common stock or other instruments, such as warrants or options, which provide an opportunity for equity participation. Convertible bonds generally fall within the lower-rated categories as determined by an NRSRO.
The Fund may also purchase investment grade fixed income securities. Investment grade fixed income securities are securities that are rated by one or more NRSROs within one of the four highest long-term quality grades at the time of purchase (e.g., “AAA,” “AA,” “A” or “BBB” by S&P or Fitch or “Aaa,” “Aa,” “A” or “Baa” by Moody’s). The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its total assets in mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities.
| 11 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Strategies — (continued)
The Fund may also seek to achieve its investment objective by investing up to 10% of its total assets in other underlying funds. The underlying funds may include mutual funds managed by the Adviser and mutual funds and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) managed by investment advisers that are not affiliated with the Adviser.
The Fund’s portfolio is carefully constructed by the Adviser. The portfolio managers can also utilize the capabilities of AMEU by receiving and acting upon investment recommendations made by AMEU. If determined to be beneficial by the Adviser, AMEU may manage the Fund’s investments in global asset-backed securities. The portfolio managers would manage the Fund’s overall duration and spread risk and manage allocations to other asset classes. Through top-down oversight, the Adviser determines asset allocation and currency and duration positioning, among other things. Securities are selected for purchase and sale through a fundamental research-driven bottom-up investment process, in which issuers are analyzed based on fundamental credit research and standard valuation tools. Securities are also selected through a top-down investment process, based on regional, sector and credit allocations.
Principal Investment Risks
You could lose money by investing in the Fund. The Fund has the following principal investment risks:
| · | Convertible Bond Risk: Convertible bonds are subject to the risks of equity securities when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and debt instruments when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible bond is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt instrument, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying equity security. Contingent convertible bonds (“CoCo bonds”) are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. |
| · | Counterparty Risk: When the Fund enters into an investment contract, such as an over-the-counter derivative, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations and that the Fund will sustain losses. |
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: The Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make or perceived to be unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal or enters bankruptcy. The issuer or guarantor could also suffer a rapid decrease in credit quality rating, which would adversely affect the volatility of the value and liquidity of the investment. This risk is greater for lower-quality bonds than for bonds that are investment grade. |
| · | High-Yield Securities (“Junk Bond”) Risk: Investments in high-yield securities (commonly referred to as “junk bonds”) are considered speculative investments and have significantly higher credit risk than investment-grade securities and tend to be less marketable (i.e., less liquid) than higher rated securities. The prices of high-yield securities, which may be more volatile than higher rated securities of similar maturity due to such factors as specific issuer developments and interest rate sensitivity, may be more vulnerable to adverse market, economic, social or political conditions. |
| · | Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and the Fund’s investments. |
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may negatively affect the ability of the Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| 12 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Risks — (continued)
| · | Derivatives Risk: The Fund’s use of derivative instruments involves risks different from, or possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in securities and other traditional investments and could increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value per share and cause you to lose money. Risks associated with derivatives include the risk that the derivative is not well correlated with the security, index or currency to which it relates; the risk that derivatives may result in losses or missed opportunities; the risk that the Fund will be unable to sell the derivative because of an illiquid secondary market; the risk that a counterparty is unwilling or unable to meet its obligation; the risk that the Fund will be required to pay additional margin or set aside additional collateral to maintain open derivative positions; and the risk that the derivative transaction could expose the Fund to the effects of leverage, which could increase the Fund’s exposure to the market and magnify potential losses, particularly when derivatives are used to enhance return rather than offset risk. There is no guarantee that derivatives, to the extent employed, will have the intended effect, and their use could cause lower returns or even losses to the Fund. The use of derivatives by the Fund to hedge risk may reduce the opportunity for gain by offsetting the positive effect of favorable price movements. |
| · | Emerging Markets Risk: The Fund’s investments in emerging market countries are subject to all of the risks of foreign investing generally, and have additional heightened risks due to a lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets, including: greater market volatility and illiquidity, lower trading volume, delays or failures in trading or settling portfolio securities transactions; currency and capital controls or other government restrictions or intervention, such as economic sanctions, tariffs and/or trade embargoes, expropriation, nationalization and repatriation restrictions; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; pervasiveness of corruption and crime; currency exchange rate volatility; and higher levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation. The prices of securities in emerging markets can fluctuate more significantly than the prices of securities in more developed countries. The less developed the country, the greater effect such risks may have on an investment. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions (e.g., sanctions or tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. |
| · | Leverage Risk. Leverage created by investments such as derivatives can diminish the Fund’s performance and increase the volatility of the Fund’s net asset value. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities. |
| · | Liquidity Risk: The Fund may hold illiquid investments by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for, or a reduction in the number or capacity of market participants making a market in, certain of its investments, or because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales. An investment may become illiquid after purchase. The Fund could lose money or dilute remaining investors’ interests if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that is most beneficial to the Fund. Investments that are illiquid, less liquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value. |
| · | Loan-Related Investments Risk: In addition to risks generally associated with debt investments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), loan-related investments, such as loan participations and assignments, are subject to other risks. Although a loan obligation may be fully collateralized at the time of acquisition, the collateral may decline in value, be or become illiquid or less liquid, or lose all or substantially all of its value subsequent to investment. Many loan investments are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale and may be or become illiquid or less liquid and more difficult to value, particularly in the event of a downgrade of the loan or the borrower. Increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan obligation defaults. With respect to loan participations, the Fund may not always have direct recourse against a borrower if the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal and/or interest; may be subject to greater delays, expenses and risks than if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower; and may be regarded as the creditor of the agent lender (rather than the borrower), subjecting the Fund to the creditworthiness of that lender as well. Investors in loans, such as the Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws, although they may be entitled to contractual remedies to the extent that such remedies are provided for in the agreement. Because transactions in many loans are subject to extended trade settlement periods, the Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a period after the sale. As a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments or to meet the Fund’s redemption obligations for a period after the sale of the loans. Consequently, the Fund may have to sell other investments, maintain higher levels of cash or engage in borrowing transactions, such as borrowing from any overdraft facility, if necessary to raise cash to meet its redemption obligations. |
| 13 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Principal Investment Risks — (continued)
| · | Market Risk: The value of the Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Market risk may affect a single issuer, industry or section of the economy or it may affect the economy as a whole. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect the Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region. |
| · | Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities: Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are debt instruments that are secured by interests in pools of mortgage loans or other financial assets, such as credit card or automobile receivables. The value of these securities will be influenced by the factors affecting the assets underlying such securities, changes in interest rates, changes in default rates of borrowers and private insurers or deteriorating economic conditions. During periods of declining asset values, mortgage- and asset-backed securities may be difficult to value or become more volatile and/or illiquid. Asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral comparable to that of mortgage assets, resulting in additional credit risk. |
| · | Sovereign Debt Risk: Sovereign debt instruments, which are instruments issued by foreign governmental entities, are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its sovereign debt due to, among other reasons, cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, the relative size of the governmental entity’s debt or its failure to implement economic reforms. There is no generally established legal or bankruptcy process for collecting sovereign debt. |
| · | Swap Risk: The use of swap agreements, which are agreements to exchange the return generated by one instrument (or index) for the return generated by another instrument (or index), and similar instruments involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Swap agreements may also subject the Fund to the risk that the counterparty to the transaction may not meet its obligations, causing the Fund’s net asset value to decrease. Swaps are also particularly subject to credit, correlation, valuation, liquidity and leveraging risks. Swap agreements may also be considered illiquid. |
An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of HSBC Bank USA, N.A. and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency.
| 14 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Performance Bar Chart and Table
The bar chart and table below provide an indication of the risks of an investment in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund’s year-to-year performance and by showing how the Fund’s average annual returns compare with that of a broad measure of market performance. Past performance, including before- and after-tax returns, does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Prior to April 1, 2019, the Fund invested under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets, plus borrowings for investment purposes, in a globally diversified portfolio of higher yielding securities. Effective April 1, 2019, the Fund invests primarily in U.S. dollar denominated fixed income securities issued by U.S. companies or governments (or any political subdivision, agency, authority or instrumentality of a government). Accordingly, performance information prior to that date reflects the Fund’s former investment strategies, and future performance will vary. In addition, as of April 1, 2019, the Fund’s benchmark was changed from the Bloomberg Barclays High Income Bond Composite Index to the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (the “Index”). The Adviser believes that the Index is a more appropriate index against which to measure performance in light of the changes to the Fund’s investment strategies.
The bar chart below shows the Fund’s annual returns for Class I Shares. The returns for Class A Shares will differ from the Class I Shares’ returns shown in the bar chart because the expenses of the classes differ.
Annual Total Returns as of 12/31 for Class I Shares
| Best Quarter: | Q1 2019 | 5.47% | ||
| Worst Quarter: | Q4 2018 | -1.44% |
The table below shows returns on a before-tax and after-tax basis. After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investor’s tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns shown in the table below are for Class I Shares of the Fund and after-tax returns for Class A Shares may vary. The table further compares the Fund’s performance over time to those of the Index and the Fund’s former benchmark, the Bloomberg Barclays High Income Bond Composite Index.
Average Annual Total Returns (for the periods ended December 31, 2019)
| Inception Date |
1 Year | Since Inception |
|||||
| Class I Return Before Taxes | July 14, 2015 | 12.45% | 4.84% | ||||
| Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions | July 14, 2015 | 10.14% | 3.09% | ||||
| Class I Return After Taxes on Distributions | |||||||
| and Sale of Fund Shares | July 14, 2015 | 7.43% | 2.94% | ||||
| Class A Return Before Taxes | July 14, 2015 | 7.89% | 3.58% | ||||
| Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | — | 8.72% | 3.48%* | ||||
| Bloomberg Barclays High Income Bond Composite Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes) | — | 13.91% | 6.14%* |
| * | Since July 14, 2015 |
| 15 |
| HSBC Strategic Income
Fund Summary Section |
Investment Advisers
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the Fund’s investment adviser. HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited may serve as the Fund’s subadviser.
Portfolio Managers
Investment decisions for the Fund are made by Rick Liu, CFA, Senior Portfolio Manager. Mr. Liu has managed the Fund since its inception in July 2015.
Purchasing and Selling Your Shares
Generally, you may purchase or redeem Fund shares on any business day by mail (HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691), wire transfer, or telephone at 1-800-782-8183. Investors who wish to purchase, exchange or redeem Fund shares through a broker-dealer should contact the broker-dealer directly.
| Account Type | Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* |
|||||||||
| Class A Shares | |||||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| Automatic Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | |||||||
| Class I Shares | |||||||||||
| Regular (non-retirement) | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 0 | |||||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. |
Please see “How NAV is Calculated” on page 29 of this prospectus for more information regarding days on which you will not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares.
Tax Information
The Fund intends to declare and pay dividends from net investment income, if any, at least monthly. The Fund’s distributions are taxable, and will be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account. Such tax-deferred arrangements may be taxed later upon withdrawal of monies from those arrangements. From time to time, a portion of a Fund’s distributions may constitute return of capital for tax purposes, and/or may include amounts in excess of a Fund’s net investment income for the period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Payments to Broker-Dealers and Other Financial Intermediaries
If you purchase shares of the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer or investment adviser, the Fund, the Adviser, the distributor and/or their affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other financial intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your financial intermediary or visit your financial intermediary’s Website for more information.
| 16 |
| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
More About Risks and Investment Strategies
Each of the Funds is a series of the Trust. The investment objective and strategies of each Fund are non-fundamental and may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days’ advance notice of any change in a Fund’s 80% investment policy. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change in the investment objective or strategies of a Fund, shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their current financial position and needs. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved.
The Funds may, in the future, seek to achieve their respective investment objectives by investing all of their assets in a no-load, open-end management investment company having the same investment objective and policies and substantially the same investment restrictions as those applicable to the respective Fund. Such a move is not currently contemplated. For more information, see the Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) under “Investment Techniques – Investment Company Securities.”
Each of the Funds may purchase securities of various maturities or durations. Duration is a measure used to determine the sensitivity of a security’s price to changes in interest rates. The longer a security’s duration, the more sensitive it will be to changes in interest rates. For example, if interest rates increase by 1%, the market price of a debt security with a positive duration of five will generally decrease by approximately 5%. Conversely, a 1% decline in interest rates will generally result in an increase of approximately 5% of that security’s market price. Similarly, a fund with a longer average portfolio duration will be more sensitive to changes in interest rates than a fund with a shorter average portfolio duration. The maturity of a security, another commonly used measure of price sensitivity, measures only the time until final payment is due, whereas duration takes into account the pattern of all payments of interest and principal on a security over time, including how these payments are affected by prepayments and by changes in interest rates, as well as the time until an interest rate is reset (in the case of variable-rate securities).
Institutional investors are permitted to invest in the Funds. As a result, the Funds may have large inflows or outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on a Fund’s performance if the Fund were required to sell securities or invest cash at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses, increase a Fund’s transaction costs, and impact liquidity.
Each Fund may seek a temporary or defensive position in response to unfavorable economic or market conditions, while waiting for suitable investment opportunities, or under other circumstances (e.g., to seek returns on excess cash) as the Adviser and/or Subadviser(s), as applicable, deem(s) appropriate. When a Fund is seeking a temporary or defensive position, it may invest part or all of its assets in: cash or cash equivalents, time deposits, certificates of deposit and bankers’ acceptances issued by a commercial bank or savings and loan association; commercial paper rated at the time of purchase by one or more NRSROs in one of the two highest categories or, if not rated, issued by a corporation having an outstanding unsecured debt issue rated high-grade by an NRSRO; short-term corporate obligations rated high-grade by an NRSRO; U.S. Government obligations; Government agency securities issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government-sponsored instrumentalities and federal agencies; repurchase agreements collateralized by the securities listed above; and both affiliated (including the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund) and unaffiliated money market fund shares. A Fund’s investment objective may not be achieved while it is invested in a temporary or defensive position. Each Fund may also borrow money for temporary or emergency purposes.
| 17 |
| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds
An investment in a Fund is subject to investment risks, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. This section provides more detailed information about the Funds’ principal investments and risks. This prospectus does not disclose all the types of securities or investment strategies that the Funds may use. The Funds’ SAI provides more detailed information about the securities, investment policies and risks described in this prospectus.
Each of the Funds is subject to one or more of the following investment risks:
| ●
Principal Risk * Additional Risk |
High Yield Fund | Strategic Income Fund |
| Risk | ||
| Allocation | * | * |
| Collateralized Loan Obligations | * | * |
| Commodity-Related Investments | * | * |
| Convertible Bond | ● | ● |
| Counterparty | ● | ● |
| Currency | * | * |
| Custody | * | * |
| Debt Instruments | ● | ● |
| Derivatives | ● | ● |
| Emerging Markets | ● | ● |
| European Market Risk | * | * |
| Exchange-Traded Fund | * | * |
| Foreign Securities | ● | ● |
| Investment Access | * | * |
| Large Shareholder Transactions | * | * |
| Leverage | ● | ● |
| Liquidity | ● | ● |
| Loan-Related Investments | ● | ● |
| Market Access Timing | * | * |
| Market | ● | ● |
| Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities | ● | ● |
| Other Investment Companies | ● | * |
| Portfolio Turnover | * | * |
| Regulatory | * | * |
| Sector | * | * |
| Sovereign Debt | ● | ● |
| Sukuk | * | * |
| Swap | ● | ● |
| Temporary Defensive Position Risk | * | * |
| When-Issued Securities | * | * |
| · | Allocation Risk: A Fund’s portfolio manager may favor one or more types of investments, assets, sectors or geographic regions that underperform other investments, assets, sectors, geographic regions or the securities markets as a whole. As a result, an investor may lose money. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk. The Funds may invest in collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and other similarly structured investments. A CLO is an asset-backed security whose underlying collateral is a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign floating rate and fixed rate senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. In addition to the risks associated with Loan-Related Investments and Debt Instruments (which are discussed below) CLOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to, the risk that: (i) distributions from the collateral may not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) a Fund may invest in tranches of CLOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; and (v) the CLO’s manager may perform poorly. |
CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that offer various maturity, risk and yield characteristics. Losses caused by defaults on underlying assets are borne first by the holders of subordinate tranches. Despite the protection from subordinate tranches, more senior tranches of CLOs can experience losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of more subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class. A Fund’s investments in CLOs principally consist of senior tranches and, to a lesser extent, mezzanine tranches.
| · | Commodity-Related Investments Risk: Exposure to the commodities markets, including investments in companies in commodity-related industries, may subject a Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The value of commodity-related investments may be affected by changes in overall market movements, commodity index volatility or supply or demand for the commodity, domestic and foreign political, regulatory or economic events, adverse weather, disease, discoveries of additional reserves of the commodity, embargoes, tariffs and changes in interest rates or expectations regarding changes in interest rates. |
| · | Convertible Bond Risk. Convertible bonds are subject to the risks of equity securities when the underlying stock price is high relative to the conversion price (because more of the security’s value resides in the conversion feature) and debt instruments when the underlying stock price is low relative to the conversion price (because the conversion feature is less valuable). A convertible bond is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt instrument, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying equity security. |
Contingent Convertible bonds, known as CoCo bonds, are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. If the trigger level is breached, the issuer’s decision to write down, write off or convert a CoCo bond may be outside a Fund’s control. Any such action could have an adverse effect on a Fund’s returns, and the Fund may suffer a complete loss on an investment in CoCo bonds with no chance of recovery even if the issuer remains in existence. The Strategic Income Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in CoCo bonds. The High Yield Fund may invest up to 15% of its total assets in CoCo bonds.
| · | Counterparty Risk: When a Fund enters into an investment contract, such as an over-the-counter derivative or a structured note, the Fund is exposed to the risk that the other party to the contract will not fulfill its contractual obligations and that the Fund will sustain losses. For example, in a repurchase agreement, in which a Fund buys a security from a seller that agrees to repurchase the security at an agreed upon price and time, the seller may not repurchase the security. In addition, over-the-counter derivative transactions, in which many of the protections afforded to centrally-cleared derivative transactions might not be available, may be subject to the risk that the other party to the transaction may not fulfill its contractual obligations to the other party. |
| · | Currency Risk: Fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies, or between various foreign currencies, may negatively affect a Fund’s performance. Adverse changes in exchange rates may erode or reverse any gains produced by foreign-currency denominated investments and may widen any losses. Currency exchange rates can be volatile and can be affected by, among other factors, the actions or inactions by U.S. or foreign governments, central banks or supranational entities, the imposition of currency controls, speculation, or general economic or political developments in the U.S. or a foreign country. A Fund may seek to reduce currency risk by hedging part or all of its exposures to various foreign currencies; however, even if such hedging techniques are employed, there is no assurance that they will be successful. |
| · | Custody Risk: The Funds may invest in securities markets that are less developed than those in the U.S., which may expose the Funds to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and the holding of securities by foreign banks, agents and depositories. The laws of certain countries may place limitations on the ability to recover assets if a foreign bank, agent or depository enters bankruptcy. In addition, low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets may make trades more difficult to complete and settle, and governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities with designated foreign banks, agents and depositories that may be subject to little or no regulatory oversight or independent evaluation. Local agents are held only to the standards of care of their local markets. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Debt Instruments Risk: The risks of investing in debt instruments include: |
| · | Credit Risk: A Fund could lose money if an issuer or guarantor of a debt instrument is unable or unwilling to make timely payments of interest or principal or enters bankruptcy. Furthermore, the value of a debt instrument may decline if the market believes that the issuer or guarantor is unable or unwilling to make such payments on time. Changes in economic conditions could cause issuers or guarantors of these instruments to be unable or unwilling to meet their financial obligations. This risk is greater for lower-quality bonds than for bonds that are investment grade. |
| · | Extension Risk: The risk that during periods of rising interest rates, borrowers pay off their debt later than expected, preventing a Fund from reinvesting principal proceeds at higher interest rates, increasing the Fund’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates and resulting in less income than potentially available. |
| · | High-Yield Securities (“Junk Bond”) Risk: High-yield securities (sometimes called “junk bonds”) are typically rated below investment grade by one or more of the rating agencies or, if not rated, are determined to be of equivalent quality. High-yield securities are considered speculative investments that have significantly higher credit risk than investment-grade securities and tend to be less marketable (i.e., less liquid) than higher-rated securities. The prices of high-yield securities, which may be more volatile and less liquid than higher rated securities of similar maturity due to such factors as specific issuer developments and interest rate sensitivity, may be more vulnerable to adverse market, economic or political conditions, or the expectation of adverse market, economic or political conditions. High-yield securities, which are typically issued by smaller, less credit worthy companies or by highly indebted companies, pay investors a premium (i.e., a higher interest rate or yield) because of the increased risk of loss. |
| · | Interest Rate Risk: Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income-producing or debt instruments. Generally, if interest rates rise, the value of such investments will fall. In addition, rising interest rates could lead to heightened investment volatility and decreased liquidity. During periods of falling interest rates, borrowers may pay off their debt sooner than expected, forcing the reinvestment of principal proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in less interest income. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, borrowers may pay off their debt later than expected, thereby preventing reinvestment of principal proceeds at higher interest rates, increasing a Fund’s sensitivity to changes in interest rates and resulting in less income to a Fund than potentially available. Interest rate changes can be sudden and unpredictable, and a Fund may lose money if these changes are not anticipated by the Adviser and/or Subadviser. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates or yields of U.S. Treasury securities (or yields of other types of bonds) to rise or fall (e.g., central bank monetary policies, changing inflation or real growth rates, general economic conditions, increasing bond issuances or reduced market demand for low yielding investments, etc.). The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and a Fund’s investments. Fixed income securities with longer durations are subject to more volatility than those with shorter durations. |
| · | Inventory Risk: The market-making capacity in debt markets has declined as a result of reduced broker-dealer inventories relative to fund assets, reduced broker-dealer proprietary trading activity and increased regulatory capital requirements for financial institutions such as banks. Because market makers provide stability to a market through their intermediary services, a significant reduction in dealer market-making capacity has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in the debt markets. A decrease in liquidity may negatively affect the ability of a Fund to pay redemption proceeds within the allowable time period. |
| · | Prepayment Risk: During periods of falling interest rates, borrowers may pay off their debt sooner than expected, forcing a Fund to reinvest the principal proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in less income. |
| · | Derivatives Risk: The term “derivatives” covers a broad range of instruments, including swaps, futures and currency forwards. In general, a derivative refers to any financial instrument whose value is derived, at least in part, from the price of another security or a specified index, asset or rate. The use of derivatives presents risks different from, and possibly greater than, the risks associated with investing directly in traditional securities. The use of derivatives can lead to losses because of adverse movements in the price or value of the underlying asset, index or rate, which may be magnified by certain features of the derivatives. These risks are heightened when the Adviser or Subadviser uses derivatives to enhance a Fund’s return or as a substitute for a position or security, rather than solely to hedge (or offset) the risk of a position or security held by a Fund. The success of the Adviser’s or Subadviser’s derivatives strategies will also be affected by the ability of the Adviser or Subadviser, as applicable, to assess and predict the impact of market or economic developments on the underlying asset, index or rate and the derivative itself, without the benefit of observing the performance of the derivative under all possible market conditions. Derivatives involve the risk of mispricing or improper valuation and the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, index or rate. Certain derivative positions may be difficult to close out when a Fund’s portfolio managers may believe it would be appropriate to do so. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances and there can be no assurance that a Fund will engage in these transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that would be beneficial. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Emerging Markets Risk: A Fund’s investments in emerging market countries are subject to all of the risks of foreign investing generally, and have additional heightened risks due to a lack of established legal, political, business and social frameworks to support securities markets. Investments in emerging markets are subject to a greater risk of loss than investments in a developed market. This is due to, among other things, greater market volatility and illiquidity, lower trading volume, delays or failures in trading or settling portfolio securities transactions; currency and capital controls or other government restrictions or intervention, such as the imposition of economic sanctions, repatriation restrictions, tariffs and/or trade embargoes, or the expropriation and the nationalization of private assets, companies or industries; greater sensitivity to interest rate changes; pervasiveness of corruption and crime; currency exchange rate volatility; and higher levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation. In addition, the financial stability of issuers (including governments) in emerging market countries may be more precarious than in other countries, and rising interest rates, combined with widening credit spreads, could negatively impact the value of emerging market debt and increase the funding costs of such issuers. As a result, there will tend to be an increased risk of price volatility in a Fund’s investments in instruments with exposures to emerging market countries, which may be magnified by currency fluctuations relative to the U.S. dollar. Settlement practices for transactions in foreign markets may differ from those in U.S. markets. Such differences include settlement delays beyond periods customary in the United States and practices that could result in losses, such as delivery of securities prior to receipt of payment, which increase the likelihood of a “failed settlement.” |
| · | European Market Risk: A Fund’s performance may be affected by regulatory, political, social and economic conditions in Europe. In the aftermath of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, the European financial markets experienced increased volatility due to, among other things, concerns about high government debt levels of several European countries. Ongoing concerns over the rising debt levels and slowing economic growth among European countries, combined with uncertainties in European financial markets, including feared or actual failures in the banking system and the possible break-up of the European Monetary Union and Euro currency, may adversely affect interest rates and the prices of securities across Europe and potentially other markets as well. These events may increase volatility, liquidity and currency risks associated with investments in Europe. In addition, responses to the financial problems by European governments, central banks and others, including austerity measures and reforms, may not be successful and could lead to social unrest, limited future growth and economic recovery or have other unintended consequences. |
In a June 2016 referendum, citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU (“Brexit”). On March 29, 2017, the United Kingdom formally triggered the process of leaving the EU by invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union and has provided the EU with notice of its intention to withdraw. The United Kingdom has agreed to several extensions to the final deadline for its withdrawal while the negotiation of a withdrawal agreement between the United Kingdom and the EU remains ongoing. During this period and beyond, the impact of the ongoing uncertainty and the ultimate withdrawal of the United Kingdom on the broader global economy (and the economies of the United Kingdom and Europe) could be significant and could, among other outcomes, result in increased volatility and illiquidity, potentially lower economic growth and decreased asset valuations, and potential changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which certain of a Fund’s assets are subject. Brexit may have a significant negative impact on the economy and currency of the United Kingdom as a result of anticipated or actual changes to the United Kingdom’s economic and political relations with the EU. Brexit may also have a destabilizing impact on the EU and the Euro to the extent other member states similarly seek to withdraw from the union. Any further exits from the EU, or the possibility of such exits, would likely cause additional market disruption globally and introduce new legal and regulatory uncertainties. Any or all of these challenges may affect the value of a Fund’s investments that are economically tied to the United Kingdom or the EU.
| · | Exchange-Traded Fund Risk: Investments in ETFs are generally intended to assist a Fund track the return of the particular market segments or indices that are represented by the ETFs. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF is designed to track, although lack of liquidity in the market for an ETF’s shares could result in the ETF being more volatile than the underlying portfolio of securities. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying ETFs purchased or sold by a Fund could result in losses on the Fund’s investments. In addition, an ETF may fail to accurately track the market segment or index that underlies its investment objective, and is subject to the risk that the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or a discount to their net asset value, especially during times of high market volatility; an active trading market for an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained; and there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of an ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. |
| · | Foreign Securities Risk: Investments in foreign securities are generally considered riskier than investments in U.S. securities, and are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political, economic and regulatory risks; fluctuating currency exchange rates; less liquid, developed or efficient trading markets; the imposition of exchange controls, confiscation of assets and property and other government restrictions and controls (e.g., sanctions and tariffs) by the United States or other countries; expropriation or confiscatory taxation; imposition of withholding or other taxes on dividend or interest payments (or, in some cases, capital gains); and different corporate disclosure and governance standards. Securities of emerging market issuers generally have more risk than securities issued by issuers of more developed markets. Foreign issuers are generally not subject to the same degree of regulations as U.S. issuers, and political changes could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in a foreign country. A Fund may determine not to invest in, or may limit its overall investment in, a potential issuer, country, or geographic region due to, among other things, heightened risks regarding repatriation restrictions, confiscation of assets and property, expropriation or nationalization. In addition, the lack of regulatory controls may expose a Fund to additional risks. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
Securities markets of many foreign countries are relatively small, with a limited number of companies representing a smaller number of industries. To the extent a Fund’s investments in a single country or a group of countries represent a larger percentage of the Fund’s assets, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by the economic, political and social conditions in that country or group of countries. Each Fund’s annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders disclose the extent to which the Funds invest in a particular group of countries.
| · | Investment Access Risk: The Adviser and Subadviser may invest in the same securities as the Funds on behalf of their other clients, and affiliates of the Adviser and Subadviser may underwrite issuances of these securities. At times, regulatory restrictions or a lack of sufficient quantities of certain securities may mean that the Funds are precluded from investing in, or may be limited in their investment in, securities that the Adviser or Subadviser would otherwise wish to purchase for the Funds. This loss of opportunity may result in lower returns for the Funds than if the Adviser and Subadviser were not subject to these restrictions or lack of access. |
| · | Large Shareholder Transactions Risk: A Fund may be adversely impacted when certain large shareholders, including institutional investors, purchase or redeem large amounts of shares of the Fund, which may occur rapidly or unexpectedly. As a result, a Fund may experience redemptions resulting in large outflows of cash from time to time. This could have adverse effects on a Fund’s performance if the Fund were required to sell securities at times when it otherwise would not do so. This activity could also accelerate the realization of capital gains or losses and increase a Fund’s transaction costs or decrease the liquidity of a Fund’s portfolio. Similarly, large purchases of Fund shares may adversely affect a Fund’s performance to the extent that the Fund is delayed in investing new cash or otherwise maintains a larger cash position than it ordinarily would. Large redemptions of Fund shares could also result in a Fund’s current expenses being allocated over a smaller asset base, leading to an increase in the Fund’s expense ratio. Although large shareholder transactions may be more frequent under certain circumstances, a Fund is generally subject to the risk that a large shareholder can purchase or redeem a significant percentage of Fund shares at any time. Moreover, a Fund is subject to the risk that other shareholders may make investment decisions based on the choices of a large shareholder, which could exacerbate any potential negative effects experienced by a Fund. |
| · | Leverage Risk: Certain transactions may give rise to a form of leverage. Such transactions may include derivatives. The use of reverse repurchase agreements and when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment transactions may also create leverage. The use of leverage may cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it may not be advantageous to do so. Leveraging, including borrowing, may cause a Fund to be more volatile than if a Fund had not been leveraged. This is because leverage tends to increase a Fund’s exposure to market risk, interest rate risk or other risks by, in effect, increasing assets available for investment. |
| · | Liquidity Risk: A Fund may not be able to sell some or all of its investments at desired prices or without significant dilution to remaining investors’ interests, or may be unable to sell investments at all, due to a lack of demand in the market for, or a reduction in the number or capacity of market participants making a market in, such investments. Additionally, a Fund may, at times, hold illiquid investments, by virtue of the absence of a readily available market for certain of its investments, because of legal or contractual restrictions on sales, or because of extended local market closures due to holidays or otherwise. A Fund will not acquire any illiquid investments if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. A Fund could lose money or dilute remaining investors’ interests if it is unable to dispose of an investment at a time that is most beneficial to the Fund, which could prevent a Fund from taking advantage of other investment opportunities. Investments that are illiquid or less liquid or that trade in lower volumes may be more difficult to value, particularly during changing economic, political or market conditions. Liquidity risk may be magnified in a rising interest rate environment, when credit quality is deteriorating or in other circumstances where investor redemptions may be higher than normal. An investment may become illiquid after purchase. These risks may be more pronounced in connection with a Fund’s investments in securities of issuers located in emerging markets countries. |
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Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Loan-Related Investments Risk: In addition to risks generally associated with debt investments (e.g., interest rate risk and credit risk), loan-related investments, such as loan participations and assignments, are subject to other risks. Although a loan obligation may be fully collateralized at the time of acquisition, the collateral may decline in value, be or become illiquid or less liquid, or lose all or substantially all of its value subsequent to investment. Many loan investments are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale and may be or become illiquid or less liquid and more difficult to value, particularly in the event of a downgrade of the loan or the borrower. There is less readily available, reliable information about most loan investments than is the case for many other types of securities, and the Adviser and/or Subadviser relies primarily on its own evaluation of a borrower’s credit quality rather than on any available independent sources. The ability of the Funds to realize full value in the event of the need to sell a loan investment may be impaired by the lack of an active trading market for certain loans or adverse market conditions limiting liquidity. The market for loan obligations may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods. Because transactions in many loans are subject to extended trade settlement periods, a Fund may not receive the proceeds from the sale of a loan for a period after the sale. As a result, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments or to meet a Fund’s redemption obligations for a period after the sale of the loans, which may cause a Fund to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of heightened redemption activity or distressed market conditions, a Fund may seek to obtain expedited trade settlement, which will generally incur additional costs (although expedited trade settlement will not always be available). A Fund may also hold a larger position in cash and cash items to limit the impact of extended trade settlement periods, which may adversely impact the Fund’s performance. In addition, substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan obligation defaults. |
With respect to loan participations, a Fund may not always have direct recourse against a borrower if the borrower fails to pay scheduled principal and/or interest; may be subject to greater delays, expenses and risks than if the Fund had purchased a direct obligation of the borrower; and may be regarded as the creditor of the agent lender (rather than the borrower), subjecting the Fund to the creditworthiness of that lender as well and the ability of the lender to enforce appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. Investors in loans, such as a Fund, may not be entitled to rely on the anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws, although they may be entitled to contractual remedies. However, a Fund’s risk with respect to an investment is increased to the extent that the agreement does not provide for such remedies or contain other protective covenants.
Senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a business entity, and are typically secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the borrower that is senior to that held by subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the borrower. Nevertheless, senior loans are usually rated below investment grade. Because second lien loans are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to senior loans, they are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or debt, if any, may be insufficient to meet scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Second lien loans generally have greater price volatility than senior loans and may be less liquid. Generally, loans have the benefit of restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets or impose other obligations. To the extent a loan does not have certain covenants (or has less restrictive covenants), an investment in the loan will be particularly sensitive to the risks associated with loan investments.
| · | Market Risk: The value of a Fund’s investments may decline due to changing economic, political, social, regulatory or market conditions. Issuer, political, economic, regulatory, social or market developments can affect a single issuer, issuers within an industry or economic sector or geographic region, or the market as a whole. In the short term, a Fund’s investments can fluctuate dramatically in response to these developments. Different parts of the market and different types of securities can react differently to these developments. Moreover, the conditions in one country or geographic region could adversely affect a Fund’s investments in a different country or geographic region due to increasingly interconnected global economies and financial markets. Even when markets perform well, there is no assurance that the investments held by a Fund will increase in value along with the broader market. In addition, market risk includes the risk that geopolitical events will disrupt the economy on a regional, national or global level. For instance, terrorism, regional conflicts, market manipulation, government defaults, government shutdowns, and natural/environmental disasters can all negatively impact the securities markets, which could cause the Funds to lose value. Any market disruptions could also prevent a Fund from executing advantageous investment decisions in a timely manner. Funds that have focused their investments in a region enduring geopolitical or other types of market disruption will face higher risks of loss. Thus, investors should closely monitor current market conditions to determine whether a specific Fund meets their individual financial needs and tolerance for risk. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Mortgage- and Asset-Backed Securities Risk: Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are debt instruments that are secured by interests in pools of mortgage loans or other financial assets, such as credit card or automobile receivables. The value of these securities will be influenced by the factors affecting the assets underlying such securities, changes in interest rates, changes in default rates of borrowers and private insurers or deteriorating economic conditions. During periods of declining asset values, mortgage- and asset-backed securities may be difficult to value or become more volatile and/or illiquid. The risk of default is generally higher in the case of securities backed by loans made to borrowers with “sub-prime” credit metrics. If market interest rates increase substantially and a Fund’s adjustable-rate securities are not able to reset to market interest rates during any one adjustment period, the value of the Fund’s holdings and its net asset value may decline until the adjustable-rate securities are able to reset to market rates. In the event of a dramatic increase in interest rates, the lifetime limit on a security’s interest rate may prevent the rate from adjusting to prevailing market rates. In such an event the security could underperform and affect a Fund’s net asset value. In addition, mortgage-backed securities can be highly sensitive to rising interest rates, such that even small movements can cause an investing Fund to lose value. Mortgage- and asset-backed securities are subject to interest rate, prepayment, extension, market, and credit risks. Asset-backed securities may not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral comparable to that of mortgage assets, resulting in additional credit risk. |
| · | Other Investment Companies Risk: By investing in other investment companies (including ETFs) indirectly through a Fund, investors will incur a proportionate share of the expenses of the other investment companies held by the Fund (including operating costs and investment management fees) in addition to the fees regularly borne by the Fund. In addition, the High Yield Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such investment companies in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund invests therein. |
| · | Portfolio Turnover Risk: Each Fund is actively managed and, in some cases, a Fund’s portfolio turnover may exceed 100%. A higher rate of portfolio turnover increases brokerage and other expenses, which must be borne by a Fund and its shareholders and may result in a lower net asset value. High portfolio turnover (over 100%) also may result in the realization of substantial net short-term capital gains, which when distributed are taxable to shareholders. The trading costs and tax effects associated with turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. |
| · | Regulatory Risk: Entities that are part of banking organizations, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, are subject to extensive government regulation. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant effects, including limiting the ability of the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities, which may adversely impact the Funds and their performance and increase the Funds’ fees and expenses. For example, the so-called “Volcker Rule” prohibits the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities. A Fund may be adversely impacted by this rule if the Adviser or its affiliates own 25% or more of the Fund’s shares outside of any seeding period permitted by the rule. These restrictions may prevent a Fund from maintaining sufficient seed capital and may cause the Fund to liquidate at the end of the period if the Fund is not able to achieve sufficient scale. Funds that are not managed by entities that are part of banking organizations are not subject to these limitations. |
In addition, the Funds, in which the Adviser and its affiliates hold substantial amounts of seed capital, at or above 50% of each Fund’s shares, are subject to margin rules adopted by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission and other prudential regulators. These rules require each Fund to post and collect initial margin when trading certain uncleared or over-the-counter derivatives, including, but not limited to, non-deliverable foreign exchange forwards, credit default index swaps, and zero coupon swaps, which may effectively preclude a Fund from trading these derivatives. The inability to trade certain uncleared derivatives may result in more benchmark orientated exposures for a Fund, may negatively impact the Fund’s performance or the Adviser’s ability to implement the Fund’s investment strategies, and may increase the fees and expenses borne by the Fund.
| · | Sector Risk: To the extent a Fund focuses its investments in securities of issuers in one or more sectors, the Fund will be subject, to a greater extent than if its investments were diversified across different sectors, to the risks of volatile economic cycles and/or conditions and developments that may be particular to that sector, such as: adverse economic, business, political, environmental, regulatory, or other developments. |
| · | Sovereign Debt Risk: Sovereign debt instruments, which are instruments issued by foreign governmental entities, are subject to the risk that the governmental entity may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its sovereign debt due to, among other reasons, cash flow problems, insufficient foreign currency reserves, political considerations, the relative size of the governmental entity’s debt or its failure to implement economic reforms required by the International Monetary Fund or other multilateral agencies. A governmental entity that defaults may ask for additional loans or for more time to pay its debt. There is no generally established legal process for collecting sovereign debts that a government does not pay nor are there bankruptcy proceedings through which all or part of the sovereign debt that a governmental entity has not repaid may be collected. |
| · | Sukuk Risk: Sukuk are financial certificates that are similar to bonds but are structured to comply with Shariah law and its investments principles, which, among other things, prohibit charging or paying interest. Sukuk represent undivided shares in the ownership of certificates, and such certificates are linked to a specific investment activity, such as an underlying asset or contractual payment obligations of the issuer. Because no collateral is pledged as security for Sukuk, purchasers of Sukuk are subject to the risk that an issuer may not meet its payment obligations or that an underlying asset may not perform as expected or lose value. The market for Sukuk is generally illiquid and it is difficult for a Fund to purchase or dispose of Sukuk. Accordingly, a Fund may have to hold Sukuk even if it is no longer advantageous to do so. |
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Investment Risks of the Funds — (continued)
| · | Swap Risk: The use of swap agreements, which are agreements to exchange the return generated by one instrument for the return generated by another instrument (or index), and similar instruments involves risks that are different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. For example, a Fund bears the risk of loss of the amount expected to be received under a swap agreement in the event of the default or bankruptcy of a swap agreement counterparty. Swap agreements may also subject a Fund to the risk that the counterparty to the transaction may not meet its obligations, causing the Fund’s net asset value to decrease. Swap agreements may also be considered illiquid. Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing. Central clearing is expected to reduce counterparty credit risk and increase liquidity, but central clearing does not make swap transactions risk free. |
| · | Temporary Defensive Position Risk: A Fund may temporarily depart from its principal investment strategies for temporary defensive purposes in response to adverse market, economic or political conditions. This may result in a Fund not achieving its investment objective during that period. If the market advances during periods when a Fund is holding a large cash position, the Fund may not participate to the extent it would have if it had been more fully invested. |
| · | When-Issued Securities Risk: The price and yield of securities purchased on a “when-issued” basis is fixed on the date of the commitment but payment and delivery are scheduled for a future date. Consequently, these securities present a risk of loss if the other party to a “when-issued” transaction fails to deliver or pay for the security. In addition, purchasing securities on a “when-issued” basis can involve a risk that the yields available in the market on the settlement date may actually be higher (or lower) than those obtained in the transaction itself and, as a result, the “when-issued” security may have a lesser (or greater) value at the time of settlement than a Fund’s payment obligation with respect to that security. |
Other Information
To the extent authorized by law, each Fund reserves the right to discontinue offering shares at any time, merge, reorganize itself or any class of shares or cease operations and liquidate.
More Information About Indices
An index measures the market prices of a specific group of securities in a particular market or market sector. You cannot invest directly in an index. Unlike a mutual fund, an index does not have an investment adviser and does not pay any commissions or expenses. If an index had expenses, the performance would be lower.
The HSBC High Yield Fund’s primary benchmark index is the ICE BofA U.S. Yield Constrained Index. The ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Constrained Index contains all securities in the ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Index but caps issuer exposure at 2%. The ICE BofA U.S. High Yield Index tracks the performance of U.S. dollar-denominated, below investment grade corporate debt publicly issued in the U.S. domestic market.
Source: ICE Data Indices, LLC (“ICE BofA”), used with permission. ICE BofA PERMITS USE OF THE ICE BofA INDICES AND RELATED DATA ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, MAKES NO WARRANTIES REGARDING SAME, DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE SUITABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS, AND/OR COMPLETENESS OF THE ICE BofA INDICES OR ANY DATA INCLUDED IN, RELATED TO, OR DERIVED THEREFROM, ASSUMES NO LIABILITY IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OF THE FOREGOING, AND DOES NOT SPONSOR, ENDORSE, OR RECOMMEND THE FUNDS, OR ANY OF ITS PRODUCTS OR SERVICES.
The HSBC Strategic Income Fund’s primary benchmark index is the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index. The Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Aggregate Bond Index is a broad-based benchmark that measures the investment grade, U.S. dollar-denominated, fixed-rate taxable bond market. This includes Treasuries, government-related and corporate securities, mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities and collateralized mortgage-backed securities.
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| HSBC Funds Additional Information About the Funds’ Investment Strategies and Risks |
Who May Want To Invest?
Consider investing in the High Yield Fund and the Strategic Income Fund if you are:
| · | Investing for at least a medium-term goal (three to five year investment horizon) |
| · | Looking to add fixed income exposure to your portfolio |
| · | Looking to add an income component to your investment portfolio |
| · | Seeking higher potential returns than provided by other fixed income funds, and willing to accept higher risks of price and income fluctuations than with other fixed income funds |
The Funds will not be appropriate for anyone:
| · | Pursuing a short-term goal or investing emergency reserves |
| · | Seeking capital growth, as might be associated with an equity fund |
| · | Seeking safety of principal |
More Information About Fund Investments
This prospectus describes the Funds’ principal strategies, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities described in this prospectus. However, in addition to the investments and strategies described in this prospectus, the Funds also may invest in other securities and engage in other investment practices. These securities and investment practices, as well as those described in this prospectus, are described in detail in the SAI. Of course, the Funds cannot guarantee that they will achieve their investment goals.
Portfolio Holdings
A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the SAI and on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. To request a copy of the SAI, please refer to the back cover of this prospectus.
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| Fund Management |
The Investment Adviser and Subadviser
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York, 10018, is the investment adviser for the Funds, pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Investment Advisory Agreement”) with the Trust. The Adviser is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank USA, N.A., which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA, Inc., a registered bank holding company (collectively, “HSBC”). HSBC currently provides investment advisory services for individuals, trusts, estates and institutions. As of September 30, 2019, the Adviser had approximately $98.9 billion in assets under management. The Adviser also provides certain operational support services to the Funds pursuant to a Support Services Agreement. Under the Support Services Agreement, the Adviser is entitled to a fee at the annual rate of 0.10% of a Fund’s average daily net assets for Class A Shares for services rendered pursuant to the Support Services Agreement. These fees are not charged to Class I Shares.
The Trust and the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) that allows the Adviser to implement new investment subadvisory contracts and to make material changes to existing subadvisory contracts with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval. Subject to the terms of the exemptive order, each Fund may currently hire and/or terminate subadvisers without shareholder approval. The High Yield Fund and Strategic Income Fund may use the services of a subadviser that is affiliated with the Adviser, and the conditions under the exemptive order do not apply to the use of an affiliated subadviser. However, the conditions under the exemptive order could be applied to the use of one or more unaffiliated subadvisers at a future time. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility, subject to oversight by the Board, to oversee any subadvisers and recommend their hiring, termination and replacement.
In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of the Funds, receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment subadvisory contracts and to make material changes to existing subadvisory contracts with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board of Trustees, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that each Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, 78 St. James Street, London, United Kingdom, SW1A 1EJ, a U.S. registered investment adviser and an affiliate of the Adviser, may serve as the investment subadviser of the Strategic Income Fund pursuant to an investment subadvisory agreement (the “AMEU Subadvisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. As an investment subadviser, AMEU would make the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously review, supervise and administer the Fund’s investment program (or a portion thereof). As of September 30, 2019, AMEU had approximately $81.9 billion in assets under management. As of the date of this prospectus, AMEU is not providing subadvisory services to the Strategic Income Fund. The Adviser may use generic investment research from affiliates, including AMEU as part of the information it uses to make investment decisions.
For these advisory and management services (including any subadvisory services), during the last fiscal year/period the following Funds paid fees (net of fee waivers) as follows:
| Percentage
of Average Net Assets for Fiscal Year Ended 10/31/19 | ||||
| High Yield Fund | 0.00 | % | ||
| Strategic Income Fund | 0.00 | % | ||
The Adviser may voluntarily waive all or a portion of its management fee. The Adviser has done so for periods of operation during which a Fund’s Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses were above that Fund’s expense limitation, as set forth in the applicable contractual Expense Limitation Agreement. The Adviser has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement with each Fund under which it will limit the total expenses of each respective Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to the Fund’s investments in investment companies) to the annual rates shown in the table below:
| Class A Shares |
Class I Shares | |
| High Yield Fund | 0.90% | 0.55% |
| Strategic Income Fund | 1.05% | 0.70% |
Any amounts contractually waived or reimbursed by the Adviser will be subject to repayment by a Fund to the Adviser within three years, calculated monthly from when the waiver or reimbursement was recorded, to the extent that the repayment will not cause a Fund’s operating expenses to exceed the contractual expense limit that was in effect at the time of such waiver or reimbursement. The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The expense limitation agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Trust and the Adviser, or it may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Trust’s Board of Trustees.
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Investment Advisory Agreement and Subadvisory Agreement is available in the Funds’ April 30, 2019 semi-annual report and will be available in the April 30, 2020 semi-annual report.
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| Fund Management |
Portfolio Managers
HSBC High Yield Fund
Mary Bowers, Senior Portfolio Manager, joined HSBC Global Asset Management in September 2013 and has been working in the industry since 2001. Prior to joining HSBC, Ms. Bowers worked for Aberdeen Asset Management as part of the Artio Global (formerly Julius Baer Asset Management) high yield team which was acquired in the spring of 2013. She acted as a portfolio manager for the global high yield products at Aberdeen/Artio for 10 years. From 2001 to 2003, she was an analyst at Deutsche Bank in the global energy and power investment banking group. Ms. Bowers has a B.A. in history from Yale University. She is a CFA Charterholder.
Rick Liu, Senior Portfolio Manager, is a Credit Analyst on the US Credit team, with specific sector responsibilities in basic materials. He joined HSBC Global Asset Management New York in 2005 as a Credit Analyst on the Distressed Opportunities investment team, and moved to the US Credit team in 2011 with a primary focus in high yield credit. He has been working in the industry since 2003. Mr. Liu holds a BCom (Hons) in Finance from the Sauder School of Business at the University of British Columbia and is a CFA Charterholder.
HSBC Strategic Income Fund
Rick Liu (see above).
Additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio managers, and their ownership of securities in the Funds is available in the SAI. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
The Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator
The Adviser also serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role, oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. The Administrator has retained Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, OH 43219, as sub-administrator to the Funds (the “Sub-Administrator”). Administrative services provided by the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space, equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”), a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), is the Trust’s principal underwriter and acts as the Trust’s distributor in connection with the offering of Fund shares. The Distributor may enter into agreements with banks, broker-dealers, or other financial intermediaries through which investors may purchase or redeem shares.
The SAI has more detailed information about the Adviser, Subadviser, Distributor, Administrator and Sub-Administrator, and other service providers. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
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| Shareholder Information |
Pricing of Fund Shares
| How NAV is Calculated |
The net asset value (“NAV”) for each class of shares is calculated by dividing the total value (current market value based on readily available market quotations) of a Fund’s investments and other assets attributable to a class, less any liabilities attributable to that class, by the total number of outstanding shares of that class:
| NAV = | Total Assets – Liabilities |
| Number of Shares | |
| Outstanding |
|
The value of assets in a Fund’s portfolio is determined on the basis of their market value, or where market quotations are not readily available or are deemed unreliable due to a significant event or otherwise, based on fair value as determined in good faith in accordance with the procedures established by, and under the general supervision of, the Funds’ Board of Trustees. Debt obligations with maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost or on the basis of their market value. A Fund may invest in securities that are primarily listed on foreign exchanges that trade on weekends or other days when the Fund does not price its shares. The value of portfolio securities held by such Fund may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.
The NAV of the Funds is generally determined once each day at the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“Exchange”), normally at 4 p.m. Eastern Time on days the Exchange is open. The Funds may determine their NAVs at an earlier time if the principal bond markets close at an earlier time, as recommended by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”).
The Exchange is generally not open, and the Funds do not price their shares, on most U.S. national holidays or on Good Friday.
In addition, the Funds do not price their shares on days on which the principal bond markets are closed (as recommended by SIFMA).
The value of securities traded in markets outside the United States or denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar may be affected significantly on a day that a Fund does not price its shares (e.g., on a day that the Exchange is closed) and an investor is not able to purchase, redeem or exchange shares.
Your order for the purchase, sale or exchange of shares is priced at the next NAV calculated after your order is accepted by a Fund or its agent, plus any applicable sales charge. For more information about sales charges, see the section on “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges.”
Fair Value Pricing Policies
A Fund will fair value price its securities in accordance with Board-approved procedures when market quotations are not readily available. Generally, this would include securities for which trading has been halted, securities whose value has been materially affected by the occurrence of a significant event (as defined below), and other securities where a market price is not available from either a national pricing service or a broker. In addition, exception-priced securities (i.e., securities for which the market value is provided by a quote from a single broker rather than a national pricing service) will be reviewed on a quarterly basis. Fair valuations will be reviewed by the Board of Trustees or its Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee not less than four times a year. Fair value pricing should result in a more accurate determination of a Fund’s NAV, which should eliminate the potential for stale pricing arbitrage opportunities in a Fund. However, fair value pricing involves the risk that the values used by a Fund to price its investments may be different from those used by other investment companies and investors to price the same investments.
A “significant event” is one that occurred prior to a Fund’s valuation time, is not reflected in the most recent market price of a security, and that could materially affects the value of a security. Generally, such “significant events” relate to developments in foreign securities that occur after the close of trading in their respective markets. The Funds’ accounting agent may obtain fair value prices of foreign securities through utilization of a Fair Value Pricing Service previously approved by the Board where the level of a movement in a designated market or index is sufficiently large to constitute a significant event. Forward currency contracts entered in to by a Fund are covered by the Board-approved procedures. |
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| Shareholder Information |
Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares
|
Purchasing Shares
You may purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds through the Funds’ Transfer Agent or through banks, brokers and other investment representatives, which may charge additional fees and may require higher minimum investments or impose other limitations on buying and selling shares. If you purchase, redeem or exchange shares through a bank, broker or other investment representative, that party is responsible for transmitting orders to the Funds’ Transfer Agent and may have an earlier cut-off time for purchase, redemption and exchange orders. Purchase, redemption and exchange orders will be executed at the NAV next calculated after the Funds’ Transfer Agent has received and accepted the order in good order.
In addition, certain banks, brokers and other investment representatives are authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders placed by or on behalf of their customers. If a bank, broker or other investment representative is authorized to accept, on behalf of the Trust, purchase, redemption and exchange orders (and provided such authorized agent complies with its agreement with the Trust or the Distributor), a Fund or the Funds’ Transfer Agent will be deemed to have received an order for the purchase, redemption or exchange of Fund shares when the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, and the order will be executed at the NAV next calculated. Each authorized agent’s agreement with the Trust or the Distributor allows orders to be executed at the NAV next calculated, after the order is received and accepted in good order by such authorized agent, although the order may not be transmitted to the Trust or the Funds’ Transfer Agent until after the time at which a Fund next calculates its NAV.
In general, “good order” means that payment for your purchase and all the information needed to complete your order must be received by a Fund, the Funds’ Transfer Agent or their authorized agents before your order is processed. Purchase proceeds must be received by 6:00 p.m. Eastern time.
You should contact the bank, broker or other investment representative through whom you purchase, redeem or exchange shares of the Funds to learn whether it is authorized to accept orders on behalf of the Trust. You should also consult such bank, broker or other investment representative for specific information about the purchase, redemption and/or exchange of Fund shares. |
All purchases must be in U.S. dollars. A fee will be charged for any checks that do not clear. Third-party checks, money orders, travelers’ checks and credit card convenience checks are not accepted. Bank starter checks will not be accepted for initial purchases.
A Fund may reject a purchase order if it considers it in the best interest of a Fund and its shareholders. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors.
Investment minimums for any class may be waived or lowered, at the discretion of the Adviser, for investments in a Fund by clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, or in other situations where the Adviser determines that it is in the best interests of a Fund and its shareholders to do so.
| Class A Shares | Minimum Initial Investment* |
Minimum Subsequent Investment* |
|||||||||
| Regular | $ | 1,000 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| (non-retirement) | |||||||||||
| Retirement (IRA) | $ | 250 | $ | 100 | |||||||
| Automatic | |||||||||||
| Investment Plan | $ | 250 | $ | 25 | |||||||
| Class I Shares** | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 0 | |||||||
| * | Omnibus accounts are eligible to meet the minimums at the omnibus account level. | |
| ** | Class I Shares are available for investment by investment companies advised by the Adviser and employees of the Adviser, its affiliates and members of the HSBC Funds’ Board of Trustees, without regard to these minimums. |
|
Avoid 24% Tax Withholding
The Funds are required to withhold 24% of taxable dividends, capital gains distributions and redemptions paid to shareholders who have not provided the Funds with their certified taxpayer identification number in compliance with Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) rules, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax; rather, it is a way in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. To avoid this, make sure you provide your correct Tax Identification Number (social security number for most investors) on your Account Application and required certifications. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Instructions for Opening or Adding to an Account
By Regular Mail or By Overnight Service
Initial Investment:
If purchasing through your financial adviser or brokerage account, simply tell your adviser or broker that you wish to purchase shares of the Funds and he or she will take care of the necessary documentation. For all other purchases, follow the instructions below.
| 1. | Carefully read, complete, and sign the Account Application. Establishing your account privileges now saves you the inconvenience of having to add them later. A copy of the application can be obtained on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. |
| 2. | Make your check payable to “HSBC Funds” and include the name of the appropriate Fund(s) on the check. |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Subsequent Investment:
| 1. | Use the investment slip attached to your account statement. Or, if unavailable, |
| 2. | Include the following information in writing: |
| · | Fund name |
| · | Share class |
| · | Amount invested |
| · | Account name |
| · | Account number |
| 3. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
|
Electronic vs. Wire Transfer
Wire transfers allow financial institutions to send funds to each other, almost instantaneously. With an electronic purchase or sale, the transaction is made through the Automated Clearing House (ACH) and may take up to eight days to clear. There is generally no fee for ACH transactions. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Electronic Purchases
Your bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank. Your bank or broker may charge for this service.
Select the electronic purchase option on your Account Application or call 1-800-782-8183. Your account can generally be set up for electronic purchases within 15 days.
Call 1-800-782-8183 to arrange a transfer from your bank account.
By Wire Transfer
For information on how to request a wire transfer, call 1-800-782-8183.
Automatic Investment Plan
You can make automatic investments in the Funds from your bank account, through payroll deduction or from your federal employment, Social Security or other regular government checks. Automatic investments can be as little as $25, once you have invested the $250 minimum required to open the account.
To invest regularly from your bank account:
Complete the Automatic Investment Plan portion on your Account Application.
Make sure you note:
| § | Your bank name, address and account number |
| § | The amount you wish to invest automatically (minimum $25) |
| § | How often you want to invest (every month, 4 times a year, twice a year or once a year) |
| § | Attach a voided personal check. |
To invest regularly from your paycheck or government check:
Call 1-800-782-8183 for an enrollment form.
|
Directed Dividend Option
By selecting the appropriate box on the Account Application, you can elect to receive your distributions (capital gains and dividends) in cash (check) or have distributions reinvested in the applicable Fund or reinvested in another HSBC Fund without a sales charge. You must maintain the minimum balance in each Fund into which you plan to reinvest dividends or the reinvestment will be suspended and your dividends paid to you. The Funds may modify or terminate this reinvestment option without notice. You can change or terminate your participation in the reinvestment option at any time by calling 1-800-782-8183. |
Customer Identification Information
To help the U.S. Government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each person that opens a new account, and to determine whether such person’s name appears on U.S. Government lists of known or suspected terrorists and terrorist organizations.
As a result, the Funds must obtain the following information for each person that opens a new account:
| · | Name; |
| · | Date of birth (for individuals); |
| · | Residential or business street address (although post office boxes are still permitted for mailing); and |
| · | Social security number, taxpayer identification number, or other identifying number. |
You may also be asked for a copy of your driver’s license, passport or other identifying document in order to verify your identity. In addition, it may be necessary to verify your identity by cross-referencing your identification information with a consumer report or other electronic database. Additional information may be required to open accounts for corporations and other entities.
Federal law prohibits the Funds and other financial institutions from opening a new account unless they receive from an investor the minimum identifying information listed above. After an account is opened, the Funds may restrict your ability to purchase additional shares until your identity is verified. The Funds may close your account or take other appropriate action if they are unable to verify your identity within a reasonable time. If your account is closed for this reason, your shares will be redeemed at the NAV next calculated after the account is closed.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Restrictions on Offers and Sales to Canadian Residents
The shares described in this prospectus may only be distributed in Canada through HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited, and this prospectus may not be used to solicit, and will not constitute a solicitation of, an offer to buy shares in Canada unless such solicitation is made by HSBC Global Asset Management (Canada) Limited. A distribution or solicitation may be deemed to occur in Canada where a distribution or solicitation is made to a person (including an individual, corporation, trust, partnership or other entity, or other legal person) resident or otherwise located in Canada at the applicable time. For these purposes, the following persons will generally be considered to be a Canadian resident:
| 1 | An individual, if |
| · | the individual’s primary principal residence is located in Canada; or |
| · | the individual is physically located in Canada at the time of the offer, sale or other relevant activity. |
| 2 | A corporation, if |
| · | the corporation’s head office or principal office is located in Canada; or |
| · | securities of the corporation that entitle the holder to elect a majority of the directors are held by Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or by legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the corporation are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
| 3 | A trust, if |
| · | the principal office of the trust (if any) is located in Canada; or |
| · | the trustee (or in the case of multiple trustees, the majority of trustees) are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above) or are legal persons resident or otherwise located in Canada; or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the trust are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
| 4 | A partnership, if |
| · | the partnership’s head office or principal office (if any) is located in Canada; or |
| · | the holders of the majority of the interests of or in the partnership are held by Canadian Residents (as described above); or |
| · | the general partner (if any) is a Canadian Resident (as described above); or |
| · | the individuals that make investment decisions or provide instructions on behalf of the partnership are Canadian Resident individuals (as described above). |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares continued |
Market Timing
In accordance with policies and procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Funds discourage market timing and other excessive trading practices. The Funds are intended primarily for use as long-term investment vehicles. Frequent short-term (market timing) trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs, harm Fund performance and result in dilution in the value of Fund shares held by longer-term shareholders.
In addition, a Fund may be more susceptible to the risks of short-term trading than other funds that do not invest substantially in the foreign securities markets. The nature of the holdings of a Fund may present opportunities for a shareholder to engage in a short-term trading strategy that exploits possible delays between changes in the prices of a Fund’s portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in a Fund’s NAV (referred to as “time zone arbitrage”). These delays may occur because a Fund has significant investments in foreign securities where, due to time zone differences, the values of those securities are established some time before a Fund calculates its NAV. In such circumstances, the available market prices for such foreign securities may not accurately reflect the latest indications of value at the time a Fund calculates its NAV. There is a possibility that time zone arbitrage may dilute the value of a Fund’s shares if redeeming shareholders receive proceeds (and purchasing shareholders receive shares) based upon a NAV that does not reflect appropriate fair value prices.
Frequent purchases and redemptions of shares of a mutual fund (including activities of “market timers”) can result in the dilution in the value of Fund shares held by long-term shareholders, interference with the efficient management of a Fund’s investment portfolio, and increased brokerage and administrative costs. The Board of Trustees has considered the extent to which the Funds may be vulnerable to such risks. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase or exchange order for any reason. The Funds are not designed to serve as vehicles for frequent trading.
As a deterrent to excessive trading, many foreign equity securities held by a Fund are priced by an independent pricing service using fair valuation methodologies approved and monitored by the Board of Trustees. For more information on fair valuation, see “Shareholder Information—Pricing of Fund Shares—Fair Value Pricing Policies.”
It is the practice of the Funds to monitor purchases, sales and exchanges of Fund shares, and to take appropriate action if it is determined that there is transactional activity in the Funds’ shares that is deemed inappropriate. The Funds and the Adviser reserve the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests from any investor and also reserve the right to close any account in which a pattern of excessive trading has been identified.
The Funds cannot guarantee that they will detect every market timer due to the limitations inherent in their technological systems. Under Rule 22c-2 of the 1940 Act, the Funds have entered into agreements with financial intermediaries obligating them to provide, upon the Funds’ request, information regarding their customers and their customers’ transactions in shares of the Funds. However, there can be no guarantee that all market timing will be detected in a timely manner, since the Funds will rely on the financial intermediaries to provide the trading information, and the Funds cannot be assured that the trading information, when received, will be in a format that can be quickly analyzed or evaluated by the Funds. The Funds reserve the right to modify their policies and procedures at any time without prior notice as the Funds deem necessary in their sole discretion to be in the best interests of Fund shareholders, or to comply with state or federal legal requirements.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares |
Generally, you may sell your Fund shares at any time. Your sales price will be the next NAV calculated after your sell order is received in good order by a Fund, its transfer agent, or your investment representative. You may receive proceeds of your sale in a check, ACH, or federal wire transfer. Other than as described below, the Funds expect that it will take one to two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements of your financial intermediary) following the receipt of your sale order to pay out your sale proceeds; however, while not expected, payment of sale proceeds may take up to seven days.
|
Withdrawing Money from Your Fund Investment
As a mutual fund shareholder, you are technically selling shares when you request a withdrawal in cash. This is also known as redeeming shares or a redemption of shares. |
Instructions for Selling Shares
If selling your Fund shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for redemption procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your redemption. For all other sales transactions, follow the instructions below.
By Telephone
(unless you have declined telephone sales privileges)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 with instructions as to how you wish to receive your funds (mail, wire, electronic transfer). (See “Selling Your Shares—Verifying Telephone Redemptions”) |
By Mail or Overnight Service
(See “Selling Your Shares—Redemptions in Writing Required”)
| 1. | Call 1-800-782-8183 to request redemption forms or write a letter of instruction indicating: |
| · | your Fund and account number |
| · | amount you wish to redeem |
| · | address where your check should be sent |
| · | account owner signature |
| 2. | Mail to: HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691. |
Wire Transfer
You must select this option on your Account Application.
Call 1-800-782-8183 to request a wire transfer.
If you call by 4 p.m. Eastern time, your payment will normally be wired to your bank on the next business day. Otherwise, it will normally be wired on the second business day after your call.
The Funds may charge a wire transfer fee.
NOTE: Your financial institution may also charge a separate fee.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Electronic Redemptions
Call 1-800-782-8183 to request an electronic redemption. Your
bank must participate in the ACH and must be a U.S. bank.
Redemption proceeds will normally be credited within two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements
of your financial intermediary). Your bank may charge for this service.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
You can receive automatic payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual basis. The minimum withdrawal is $50. To activate this feature:
| · | Make sure you have checked the appropriate box on the Account Application, or call 1-800-782-8183. |
| · | Include a voided personal check. |
| · | Your account must have a value of $10,000 or more to start withdrawals. |
If the value of your account falls below $1,000, you may be asked to add sufficient funds to bring the account back to $1,000, or the Fund may close your account and mail the proceeds to you.
Redemptions in Writing Required
You must request redemptions in writing for certain types of redemptions by Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) and for redemption requests requiring a Medallion Signature Guarantee. A Medallion Signature Guarantee for all registered owners or their legal representative is needed in the following situations:
| · | You want to redeem shares with a value of $50,000 or more and you want to receive the proceeds in the form of a check; |
| · | You want your payment sent to an address, bank account or payee other than the one currently designated on your account; |
| · | You want the redemption proceeds to be transferred to another Fund account with a different registration; or |
| · | Other unusual situations as determined by the Funds’ transfer agent. |
You must obtain a Medallion Signature Guarantee from members of the STAMP (Securities Transfer Agents Medallion Program), MSP (New York Stock Exchange Signature Program) or SEMP (Stock Exchanges Medallion Program). Members are subject to dollar limitations which must be considered when requesting their guarantee. The transfer agent may reject any signature guarantee if it believes the transaction would otherwise be improper.
The transfer agent reserves the right to waive signature guarantee requirements, require a signature guarantee under other circumstances or reject or delay a redemption if the signature guarantee is not in good form. Faxed signature guarantees are generally not accepted. A notary public cannot provide a signature guarantee. The transfer agent reserves the right to reject a signature guarantee if it is not provided by a STAMP 2000 Medallion guarantor. The transfer agent may also request a letter from a surviving joint owner before fulfilling a redemption request.
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| Selling Your Shares continued |
Non-Financial Transactions
The transfer agent accepts a signature guarantee from a notary public in any of the following non-financial transactions:
| · | A change of name; |
| · | Add or change banking instructions (the bank account must have at least one common owner with the owner of the Fund account); |
| · | Add or change beneficiaries; |
| · | Add or change authorized account traders; |
| · | Add a Power of Attorney; |
| · | Add or change a Trustee; or |
| · | A UTMA/UGMA custodian change. |
Verifying Telephone Redemptions
The Funds attempt to ensure that telephone redemptions are only made by authorized shareholders. All telephone calls are recorded for your protection and you will be asked for information to verify your identity. Proceeds of telephone redemption requests will be sent to your address of record or authorized account designated in the current records of the Transfer Agent (unless you provide written instructions and a Medallion signature guarantee, indicating another address or account). For the 15-day period following a change of account address, telephone redemptions will only be filled by a wire transfer to the authorized account designated in the current records of the transfer agent. In order to receive the redemption by check during this time period, the redemption request must be in the form of a written letter (a Medallion signature guarantee may be required). Given these precautions, unless you have specifically indicated on your Account Application that you do not want the telephone redemption feature, you may be responsible for any fraudulent telephone orders.
Redemptions Within 10 Days of Shares Purchased by Check
When you have made an investment by check and subsequently request a redemption, you will not receive the redemption proceeds until the Funds’ transfer agent is satisfied that the check has cleared (which may require up to 10 business days).
Redemption Proceeds
The Funds typically expect that they will hold cash or cash equivalents to meet redemption requests. The Funds may also use the proceeds from the sale of portfolio securities to meet redemption requests. In addition, under stressed market conditions, as well as for temporary or emergency purposes, the Funds may distribute redemption proceeds in kind, access a line of credit or overdraft facility, or borrow through other sources to meet redemptions. Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay, above certain limits, all or part of any redemption proceeds in kind, that is, in securities with a market value equal to the redemption price. If the Funds make a payment in kind, the securities will be valued in the same manner as NAV is calculated. The Funds may provide these securities in lieu of cash without prior notice. You would have to pay transaction costs to sell the securities distributed to you, as well as taxes on any capital gains you may realize from the sale, or from the sale of securities you receive. Additional information is available in the Funds’ SAI.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Selling Your Shares continued |
Delay or Suspension in Payment of Redemption Proceeds
The Funds may suspend the right of redemption and postpone for more than seven days the date of payment upon redemption: (i) during periods when the Exchange is closed other than for weekends and certain holidays or when trading on such Exchange is restricted; (ii) during periods in which, as a result of emergency, disposal, or evaluation of the NAV of the portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit.
In addition, a temporary hold may be placed on the disbursement of redemption proceeds from an account if there is a reasonable belief that financial exploitation of a Specified Adult (as defined below) has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Notice of such a delay will be provided in accordance with regulatory requirements. This temporary hold will be for an initial period of no more than 15 business days while an internal review of the facts and circumstances of the suspected financial exploitation is conducted, but the temporary hold may be extended for up to 10 additional business days if the internal review supports the belief that financial exploitation has occurred, is occurring, has been attempted, or will be attempted. Both the initial and additional hold on the disbursement may be terminated or extended by a state regulator or an agency or court of competent jurisdiction. For purposes of this paragraph, the term “Specified Adult” refers to an individual who is (1) a natural person age 65 and older; or (2) a natural person age 18 and older who is reasonably believed to have a mental or physical impairment that renders the individual unable to protect his or her own interests.
Closing of Small Accounts
If your account falls below $50 due to redemptions, a Fund may ask you to increase your balance. If it is still below $50 after 30 days, the Fund may close your account and send you the proceeds at the current NAV.
Undeliverable or Uncashed Checks
Any check tendered in payment of a redemption transaction that cannot be delivered by the post office, or which remains uncashed for more than six months, may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed redemption checks.
Any check tendered in payment of dividends or other distributions that cannot be delivered by the post office, or which remains uncashed for more than six months, may be reinvested in the shareholder’s account at the then-current NAV, and if a Fund cannot locate the shareholder, the dividend option may be changed from cash to reinvest. Distributions are reinvested on the ex-date at the NAV determined at the close of business on that date.
Unclaimed Accounts
Per state requirements, property may be transferred to the appropriate state if no activity occurs in the account within the time period specified by state law.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges |
This section describes the sales charges and fees you will pay as an investor in different share classes offered by the Funds. The offering price of Class A Shares includes the front-end sales load. There is no sales charge on purchases of Class I Shares. In addition, there are no services fees paid from the Funds for Class I Shares. As such, Class I Shares have lower annual expenses than Class A Shares.
| Class A Shares | Class I Shares | |||
| Sales Charge (Load) Amount of Purchase |
Percentage of Offering Price* |
Percentage of Investment |
||
| Less than $100,000 | 3.75% | 3.90% | ||
| $100,000 but less | No front-end | |||
| than $250,000 | 3.25% | 3.36% | sales charge. | |
| $250,000 but less | ||||
| than $500,000 | 2.25% | 2.30% | ||
| $500,000 and over | None | None | ||
| Servicing Fees | Subject to annual shareholder servicing fees of up to 0.25% of a Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares. | No Servicing Fees. | ||
| Fund Expenses | Higher annual expenses than Class I Shares. | Lower annual expenses than Class A Shares. | ||
| * | The offering price of Class A Shares includes the front-end sales load. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
You should note that the sales charge that appears in your trade confirmation may differ slightly from the rate disclosed in this prospectus due to rounding calculations.
As indicated in the above charts, and as discussed further below, you may, under certain circumstances, be entitled to pay reduced sales charges on your purchases of Class A Shares or have those charges waived entirely. To take advantage of these discounts, you or your broker-dealer or financial intermediary must notify the Funds’ transfer agent at the time of your purchase order that a discount may apply to your current purchase. You may also be required to provide appropriate documentation to receive these discounts, including:
| (A) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held in all accounts (e.g., retirement accounts) of the shareholder at the financial intermediary; |
| (B) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held in any account of the shareholder at another financial intermediary; and |
| (C) | Information or records regarding shares of the HSBC Funds held at any financial intermediary by related parties of the shareholder, such as members of the same family or household. |
You should note in particular that, if the Funds’ transfer agent is properly notified, as described in “Right of Accumulation” and “Combination Privilege” below, the “Amount of Purchase” in the above chart will be deemed to include all Class A Shares of the HSBC Funds that were acquired by purchase or exchange, and that were subject to a sales charge, that are held at the time of purchase by you, your spouse and your children under age 21. This includes, for example, any shares held at a broker-dealer or financial intermediary other than the one handling your current purchase. In some circumstances, other Fund shares may be aggregated with your current purchase under the Right of Accumulation as described in the SAI. For purposes of determining the “Amount of Purchase,” all qualifying shares held at the time of purchase will be valued at their current market value.
You should also note that if you provide the Funds’ transfer agent a signed written letter of intent to invest a total of at least $100,000 in Class A Shares in one or more of the HSBC Funds (except the HSBC Funds that are money market funds (the “HSBC Money Market Funds”)) within a 13 month period, any investments you make in the Funds during the 13 months will be treated as though the total quantity were invested in one lump sum and you will receive the discounted sales charge based on your investment commitment. You must, however, inform the transfer agent that the letter of intent is in effect each time shares are purchased. Each purchase will be made at NAV plus the sales charge applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the total amount indicated in the letter of intent.
In addition to the information provided in this prospectus and the SAI, information about sales charge discounts is available from your broker or financial intermediary and, free of charge, on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
Class A Shares
Sales Charge Reductions
Reduced sales charges for Class A Shares are available to shareholders with investments of $100,000 or more. In addition, you may qualify for reduced sales charges under the following circumstances. See the SAI for additional details.
| · | Letter of Intent. You inform a Fund in writing that you intend to purchase enough shares over a 13-month period to qualify for a reduced sales charge. You must include a minimum of 5% of the total amount you intend to purchase with your letter of intent. |
| · | Right of Accumulation. When the value of Class A Shares that were subject to a sales charge at the time of acquisition (and the value of Class A Shares and Class I Shares acquired through asset allocation programs such as the HSBC Spectrum Program, which were not subject to a sales charge), plus the amount you intend to invest in Class A Shares reaches the amount needed to qualify for reduced sales charges, your added investment will qualify for the reduced sales charge. You must, at the time of purchase, give the Funds’ transfer agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of your qualification for the right of accumulation. |
| · | Combination Privilege. In addition to combining share classes (to the extent set forth above), you can combine accounts of multiple HSBC Funds (excluding the HSBC Money Market Funds) or accounts of immediate family household members (spouse and children under 21) to achieve reduced sales charges. The reduced sales charge will apply only to current purchases and must be requested in writing when you buy your shares. If you qualify for a reduced sales charge, it will apply to the total amount of money being invested, even if only a portion of that amount exceeds the breakpoint for the reduced sales charge. For example, if you already own qualifying Class A Shares of an HSBC Fund with a value of $80,000 and wish to invest an additional $40,000 in Class A Shares of a Fund, the reduced initial sales charge of 3.75% will apply to the full $40,000 purchase and not just to the $20,000 in excess of the $100,000 breakpoint. To qualify for obtaining the discount applicable to a particular purchase, you or your financial intermediary must furnish the transfer agent with a list of the account numbers and the names in which your accounts are registered at the time the purchase is made. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges continued |
Class A Shares
Waiver of Sales Charges
The following qualify for waivers of sales charges:
| · | Shares purchased by investment representatives through fee-based investment products or accounts. |
| · | Proceeds from redemptions from any of the HSBC Funds within 60 days after redemption, if you paid a front-end sales charge for those shares. |
| · | Proceeds from redemptions of Class B Shares of any of the HSBC Funds within 60 days after redemption. |
| · | Proceeds from redemption of Class A Shares received from the automatic conversion of Class B Shares of any of the HSBC Funds within 60 days after redemption of the Class A Shares. |
| · | Proceeds from redemptions of Class A Shares of any HSBC Money Market Fund within 60 days after redemption, if you purchased the shares of the HSBC Money Market Fund with the proceeds of Class A Shares of any of the HSBC Funds on which you paid a front-end sales charge or which were received from the automatic conversion of Class B Shares of any of the HSBC Funds. |
| · | Reinvestment of distributions from a deferred compensation plan, agency, trust, or custody account that was maintained by the Adviser or its affiliates or invested in any of the HSBC Funds. |
| · | Shares purchased for trust or other advisory accounts established with the Adviser or its affiliates. |
| · | Shares purchased by tax-qualified employee benefit plans. |
| · | Shares purchased by directors, trustees, employees, and family members of the Adviser and its affiliates and any organization that provides services to the HSBC Funds; current and retired Fund trustees; dealers who have an agreement with the Distributor; and any trade organization to which the Adviser or the Sub-Administrator belongs. |
Additional information concerning your ability to qualify for sales charge reductions is set forth in the SAI. You can obtain a copy of the SAI on the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
Shareholder Servicing Fees
The Funds have adopted a Shareholder Services Plan for Class A Shares. The Shareholder Services Plan provides that certain financial institutions and securities brokers (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) provide certain services to the shareholders of the Funds, including performing certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions.
Class A Shares are subject to a shareholder servicing fee of up to 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Class A Shares of the Funds. There are no shareholder servicing fees paid from the Funds for Class I Shares.
Class I Shares
There is no sales charge on purchases of Class I Shares. However, if you are effecting transactions in Class I Shares through a broker or financial intermediary that is acting as your agent, you may be required to pay a commission directly to your broker or financial intermediary. In addition to Class I Shares, each Fund also offers Class A Shares to investors. Class A Shares are subject to different fees and expenses (which affect performance) and are entitled to different services than Class I Shares.
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| Shareholder Information |
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Arrangements—Revenue Sharing
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, assist in the sale, distribution and/or servicing of a Fund’s shares. Without limiting the foregoing, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, provide compensation to selected financial intermediaries for marketing and/or shareholder recordkeeping, processing, accounting and/or other administrative services in connection with the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares and shareholders of the Fund. These payments, which may be significant, are not paid by the Funds, and therefore, do not increase Fund expenses. Accordingly, these payments are not included in the fee and expense tables in this Prospectus. In addition, these payments do not change the price paid by shareholders for the purchase of Fund shares, the amount the Funds receive as proceeds from such sales or the fees and expenses paid by the Funds. Historically, these payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. These payments are in addition to commissions, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders. The making of these payments creates a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments to recommend the Funds over another investment. Shareholders should ask their financial intermediaries about how they will be compensated for investments made in the Funds. For additional information on these arrangements and payments, please see the “Payments to Financial Intermediaries” section of the SAI.
Exchanging Your Shares
If exchanging your shares through your financial adviser or broker, ask him or her for exchange procedures. Your adviser and/or broker may have transaction minimums and/or transaction times that will affect your exchange. For all other redemption transactions, follow the instructions below.
You can exchange your shares of a Fund for shares of the same class of another HSBC Fund, usually without paying additional sales charges (see “Notes on Exchanges”). Transaction fees are generally not charged for exchanges.
You must meet the minimum investment requirements for the HSBC Fund into which you are exchanging. Exchanges from one HSBC Fund to another are taxable.
Instructions for Exchanging Shares
Exchanges may be made by sending a written request to HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183. Please provide the following information:
| · | Your name and telephone number |
| · | The exact name on your account and account number |
| · | Taxpayer identification number (usually your social security number) |
| · | Dollar value or number of shares to be exchanged |
| · | The name of the Fund from which the exchange is to be made |
| · | The name of the Fund into which the exchange is being made |
See “Selling Your Shares” for important information about telephone transactions.
To prevent disruption in the management of the Funds due to market timing strategies, excessive exchange activity may be limited.
Notes on Exchanges
When exchanging from an HSBC Fund that has no sales charge or a lower sales charge to an HSBC Fund with a higher sales charge, you will pay the difference.
The registration and tax identification numbers of the two accounts must be identical.
The Exchange Privilege (including automatic exchanges) may be changed or eliminated at any time upon a 60-day notice to shareholders.
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| Shareholder Information |
| Exchanging Your Shares continued |
Be sure to read carefully the Prospectus of any HSBC Fund into which you wish to exchange shares.
Class A Shares of the Funds may be exchanged for Class D Shares of the HSBC Money Market Funds only if you are otherwise eligible to hold Class D Shares. In all other cases, you will receive Class A Shares of the HSBC Money Market Funds in exchange for your Class A Shares of the HSBC Funds.
Delivery of Shareholder Documents
In an effort to reduce the cost associated with the printing and mailing of prospectuses, annual reports and semi-annual reports, as well as reduce the likelihood of our shareholders receiving duplicative mailings, the Funds intend to mail only one prospectus and shareholder report to shareholders having the same last name and residing at a common address. If you wish to receive separate copies of the prospectuses and shareholder reports, please contact your financial adviser or registered representative at the institution where you have your account.
If you are a client of HSBC Securities (USA) Inc., please send your request to the address below:
HSBC Securities (USA) Inc.
P.O. Box 4217
Buffalo, NY 14240-8929
If you have any questions regarding the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-662-3343.
If your account is held directly with a Fund, please mail your request to the address below:
HSBC Funds
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
If you have any questions regarding the delivery of shareholder documents, please call 1-800-782-8183.
The Funds will begin sending you individual copies of prospectuses and shareholder reports thirty days after receiving your request.
Other Information
The prospectus and SAI, related regulatory filings, and any other Fund communications or disclosure documents do not purport to create any contractual obligations between a Fund and shareholders. Each Fund may amend any of these documents or enter into (or amend) a contract on behalf of the Fund without shareholder approval except where shareholder approval is specifically required. Furthermore, shareholders are not intended to be third-party beneficiaries of any contracts entered into by (or on behalf of) a Fund, including contracts with the Adviser, Subadviser or other parties who provide services to the Fund.
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes |
|
Dividends and Distributions
All dividends and distributions will be automatically reinvested unless you request otherwise. There are no sales charges for reinvested dividends and distributions. Dividends are higher for Class I Shares than for Class A Shares because Class I Shares have lower operating expenses. Net capital gains are distributed at least annually.
Distributions are made on a per share basis regardless of how long you have owned your shares. Therefore, if you invest shortly before the distribution date, some of your investment will be returned to you in the form of a distribution, which will generally be taxable. To the extent permitted by law, a Fund retains the right to temporarily suspend paying dividends if it is believed to be in the best interest of the Fund.
From time to time, a portion of a Fund’s distributions may constitute return of capital for tax purposes, and/or may include amounts in excess of a Fund’s net investment income for the period calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes continued |
Taxes
The following information related to tax matters is meant as a general summary for U.S. taxpayers. Please see the SAI for more information. Because everyone’s tax situation is unique, you should rely on your own tax advisor for advice about the particular federal, state and local tax consequences to you of investing in the Funds.
| · | A Fund generally will not have to pay income tax on amounts it distributes to shareholders, although shareholders will be taxed on distributions they receive. |
| · | Any income a Fund receives and any capital gain that a Fund derives is paid out, less expenses, to its shareholders. |
| · | Dividends from the Funds may be paid monthly. Net capital gains, if any, for the Funds are distributed at least annually. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends in cash, dividends and distributions will be automatically invested in additional shares of a Fund. |
| · | Dividends and distributions are treated in the same manner for federal income tax purposes whether you receive them in cash or in additional shares. |
| · | Subject to certain limitations, qualifying dividends on corporate stock that are designated as qualified dividend income are eligible for a reduced maximum rate to individuals of 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. |
| · | Any portion of a Fund’s dividend that is derived from interest will not qualify for the reduced rate of tax that may apply to certain qualifying dividends on corporate stock, as described above. Instead, dividends attributable to interest will be taxed at the ordinary income tax rate applicable to the taxpayer. If a Fund reports a dividend as a capital gain distribution (e.g., when the Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset that the Fund held for more than one year), you will pay tax on that dividend at the long-term capital gains tax rate, no matter how long you have held your Fund shares. Distributions of short-term capital gains (e.g., when a Fund has a gain from the sale of an asset it held for one year or less) are taxable at ordinary income tax rates. |
| · | An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts. |
| · | Dividends are taxable in the year in which they are paid or deemed paid, even if they appear on your account statement the following year. If a Fund declares a dividend in October, November or December of a year and distributes the dividend in January of the next year, you may be taxed as if you received it in the year declared rather than the year received. |
| · | There may be tax consequences to you if you dispose of your shares in a Fund, for example, through redemption, exchange or sale. The amount of any gain or loss and the rate of tax will depend mainly upon how much you pay for the shares, how much you sell them for, and how long you held them. |
| · | Any loss recognized on shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions that were received with respect to the shares. Additionally, any loss realized on a sale or exchange of shares of a Fund may be disallowed under “wash sale” rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after disposition including replacements pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in shares of the Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the tax basis of the shares acquired. |
| · | The Internal Revenue Code requires the Funds to report to the Internal Revenue Service, and furnish to Fund shareholders, cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and sold on or after that date. The Funds will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several cost basis methods accepted by the Internal Revenue Service, including average cost. In the absence of an election by a shareholder, the Funds will use the average cost method with respect to that shareholder. |
| · | Some foreign governments levy withholding taxes against dividend and interest income. Although in some countries a portion of these withholding taxes is recoverable, the non-recovered portion will reduce the income received from the securities in the Funds. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of stock or securities of foreign corporations, that Fund may elect to “pass through” to its shareholders the amount of foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by that Fund. If that Fund so elects, each of its shareholders would be required to include in gross income, even though not actually received, its pro rata share of the foreign taxes paid or deemed paid by that Fund, but would be treated as having paid its pro rata share of such foreign taxes and would therefore be allowed to either deduct such amount in computing taxable income or use such amount (subject to holding period and certain other limitations) as a foreign tax credit against federal income tax (but not both). A Fund will provide you with the information necessary to reflect foreign taxes paid on your income tax if it makes this election. |
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| Shareholder Information |
| Dividends, Distributions and Taxes continued |
| · | Information regarding the federal tax status of distributions made by a Fund will be mailed by February 15th of each year. The notice will tell you which dividends must be treated as taxable ordinary income and which (if any) are long-term capital gain. Depending on your residence for tax purposes, distributions also may be subject to state and local taxes, including withholding taxes. |
| · | If you buy shares of a Fund before it makes a taxable distribution, the distribution will be taxable to you even though it may actually be a return of a portion of your investment. This is known as “buying a dividend.” |
| · | Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of your investment to the extent of your basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of your investment, reduces your basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital. |
| · | As with all mutual funds, a Fund may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax at the rate of 24% of all taxable distributions payable to you if you fail to provide the Fund with your correct taxpayer identification number or to make required certifications, or if you have been notified by the IRS that you are subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax, but is a method in which the IRS ensures that it will collect taxes otherwise due. Any amounts withheld may be credited against your U.S. federal income tax liability. |
| · | Foreign shareholders are generally subject to special withholding requirements. If a Fund elects to report distributions of U.S. source interest and short-term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. A Fund has the option of not accepting purchase orders from non-U.S. investors. |
| · | If you invest through a tax-deferred retirement account, such as an IRA, you generally will not have to pay tax on dividends or capital gains until they are distributed from the account. These accounts are subject to complex tax rules, and you should consult your tax adviser about investment through a tax-deferred account. |
| · | There is a penalty on certain pre-retirement distributions from retirement accounts. |
| · | A Fund is required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive new reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Fund to enable the Fund to determine whether withholding is required. |
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| Financial Highlights |
The financial highlights table is intended to help you understand the Funds’ financial performance for the past 5 years or, if shorter, the period of a Fund’s operations. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information has been derived from information audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose reports, along with the Fund’s financial statements, are incorporated herein by reference and included in the Fund’s annual report, which is available upon request.
On June 24, 2016, the Funds, which were series of HSBC Funds, a Massachusetts business trust, reorganized with and into corresponding series of HSBC Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Reorganization”). Upon completion of the Reorganization, the respective share classes of each Fund assumed the performance, financial and other historical information of those of the corresponding predecessor fund.
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| HSBC HIGH YIELD FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Realized | Ratio of Net | Ratio of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| and | Net | Investment | Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset | Net | Unrealized | Net Realized | Assets | Ratio of Net | Income/ | to Average | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value, | Investment | Gains/ | Total from | Net | Gains from | Net Asset | at End of | Expenses to | (Loss) to | Net Assets | Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | Income/ | (Losses) from | Investment | Investment | Investment | Return of | Total | Value, End | Total | Period | Average Net | Average Net | (Excluding Fee | Turnover | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of Period | (Loss)(a) | Investments | Activities | Income | Transactions | Capital | Distributions | of Period | Return(b) | (000’s) | Assets(c) | Assets(c) | Reductions)(c) | (b)(d) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS A SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 9.69 | $ | 0.45 | $ | 0.26 | $ | 0.71 | $ | (0.60 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.03 | ) | $ | (0.63 | ) | $ | 9.77 | 7.59 | % | $ | 3,253 | 1.12 | % | 4.63 | % | 2.55 | % | 76 | %(e) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 10.24 | 0.42 | (0.50 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.47 | ) | — | — | (0.47 | ) | 9.69 | (0.84 | )% | 2,402 | 1.15 | % | 4.24 | % | 2.57 | % | 50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 9.97 | 0.42 | 0.30 | 0.72 | (0.45 | ) | — | — | (0.45 | ) | 10.24 | 7.45 | % | 2,049 | 1.15 | % | 4.15 | % | 1.81 | % | 42 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 9.67 | 0.41 | 0.28 | 0.69 | (0.39 | ) | — | — | (0.39 | ) | 9.97 | 7.37 | % | 558 | 1.15 | % | 4.27 | % | 1.72 | % | 50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period Ended October 31, 2015(f) | 10.00 | 0.12 | (0.34 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.11 | ) | — | — | (0.11 | ) | 9.67 | (2.23 | )% | 140 | 1.15 | % | 4.13 | % | 1.93 | % | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS I SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | 9.72 | 0.48 | 0.27 | 0.75 | (0.63 | ) | — | (0.03 | ) | (0.66 | ) | 9.81 | 8.03 | % | 29,444 | 0.78 | % | 4.98 | % | 2.22 | % | 76 | %(e) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 10.26 | 0.46 | (0.50 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.50 | ) | — | — | (0.50 | ) | 9.72 | (0.41 | )% | 27,714 | 0.80 | % | 4.59 | % | 2.22 | % | 50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 9.98 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 0.76 | (0.48 | ) | — | — | (0.48 | ) | 10.26 | 7.84 | % | 28,040 | 0.80 | % | 4.50 | % | 1.48 | % | 42 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 9.68 | 0.45 | 0.26 | 0.71 | (0.41 | ) | — | — | (0.41 | ) | 9.98 | (g) | 7.68 | % | 26,168 | 0.80 | % | 4.64 | % | 1.59 | % | 50 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period Ended October 31, 2015(f) | 10.00 | 0.13 | (0.34 | ) | (0.21 | ) | (0.11 | ) | — | — | (0.11 | ) | 9.68 | (2.15 | )% | 24,378 | 0.80 | % | 4.45 | % | 1.64 | % | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| (b) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (c) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (d) | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued. |
| (e) | Portfolio turnover increased significantly during the year due to change in investment strategy of the Fund. |
| (f) | Commencement of operations on July 14, 2015. |
| (g) | The net asset value per share (“NAV”) for financial reporting purposes differs from the NAV reported due to adjustments made in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. |
| 47 |
| HSBC STRATEGIC INCOME FUND |
| Financial Highlights |
Selected data for a share outstanding throughout the periods indicated.
| Investment Activities | Distributions | Ratios/Supplementary Data | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Realized | Ratio of Net | Ratio of | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| and | Net | Investment | Expenses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Asset | Net | Unrealized | Net Realized | Assets | Ratio of Net | Income/ | to Average | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Value, | Investment | Gains/ | Total from | Net | Gains from | Net Asset | at End of | Expenses to | (Loss) to | Net Assets | Portfolio | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | Income/ | (Losses) from | Investment | Investment | Investment | Total | Value, End | Total | Period | Average Net | Average Net | (Excluding Fee | Turnover | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| of Period | (Loss)(a) | Investments | Activities | Income | Transactions | Distributions | of Period | Return(b) | (000’s) | Assets(c) | Assets(c) | Reductions)(c) | (b)(d) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS A SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | $ | 9.88 | $ | 0.37 | $ | 0.57 | $ | 0.94 | $ | (0.60 | ) | $ | — | $ | (0.60 | ) | $ | 10.22 | 9.83 | % | $285 | 1.13 | % | 3.72 | % | 2.58 | % | 104 | %(e) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 10.45 | 0.30 | (0.55 | ) | (0.25 | ) | (0.32 | ) | — | (0.32 | ) | 9.88 | (2.39 | )% | 118 | 1.15 | % | 2.94 | % | 2.61 | % | 51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 10.24 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.52 | (0.31 | ) | — | (0.31 | ) | 10.45 | 5.24 | % | 292 | 1.15 | % | 2.86 | % | 1.81 | % | 44 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 9.83 | 0.30 | 0.38 | 0.68 | (0.27 | ) | — | (0.27 | ) | 10.24 | 7.04 | % | 107 | 1.15 | % | 2.99 | % | 1.71 | % | 47 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period Ended October 31, 2015(f) | 10.00 | 0.09 | (0.18 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.08 | ) | — | (0.08 | ) | 9.83 | (0.93 | )% | 99 | 1.15 | % | 2.89 | % | 1.89 | % | 24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLASS I SHARES | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2019 | 9.92 | 0.41 | 0.57 | 0.98 | (0.62 | ) | — | (0.62 | ) | 10.28 | 10.24 | % | 29,548 | 0.79 | % | 4.08 | % | 2.41 | % | 104 | %(e) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2018 | 10.49 | 0.34 | (0.56 | ) | (0.22 | ) | (0.35 | ) | — | (0.35 | ) | 9.92 | (2.12 | )% | 27,140 | 0.80 | % | 3.32 | % | 2.44 | % | 51 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2017 | 10.26 | 0.33 | 0.23 | 0.56 | (0.33 | ) | — | (0.33 | ) | 10.49 | 5.62 | % | 27,876 | 0.80 | % | 3.21 | % | 1.58 | % | 44 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Year Ended October 31, 2016 | 9.83 | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.72 | (0.29 | ) | — | (0.29 | ) | 10.26 | 7.43 | % | 26,505 | 0.80 | % | 3.34 | % | 1.61 | % | 47 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Period Ended October 31, 2015(f) | 10.00 | 0.10 | (0.18 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.09 | ) | — | (0.09 | ) | 9.83 | (0.84 | )% | 24,696 | 0.80 | % | 3.24 | % | 1.61 | % | 24 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| (a) | Calculated based on average shares outstanding. |
| (b) | Not annualized for periods less than one year. Total return calculations do not include any sales or redemption charges. |
| (c) | Annualized for periods less than one year. |
| (d) | Portfolio turnover is calculated on the basis of the Fund as a whole without distinguishing between the classes of shares issued. |
| (e) | Portfolio turnover increased significantly during the year due to change in investment strategy of the Fund. |
| (f) | Commencement of operations on July 14, 2015. |
| 48 |
For more information about the Funds, the following documents are or will be available free upon request:
Annual/Semi-annual Reports:
The Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders contain additional information on the Funds’ investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds’ performance during the last fiscal year.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI):
The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds, including their operations and investment policies. It is incorporated by reference and legally considered a part of this prospectus.
You can get free copies of the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and the SAI and prospectuses of other funds in the HSBC Family of Funds from the Funds’ website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com. You can also obtain these items or request other information, and discuss your questions about the Fund, by contacting a broker or bank through which shares of the Funds may be purchased or sold, or by contacting the Funds at:
| HSBC Funds | ||
| P.O. Box 219691 | ||
| Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 | ||
| Telephone: 1-800-782-8183 |
You can review and copy the Funds’ annual and semi-annual reports and SAI for free from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov or you can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Investment Company Act File No. 811-04782.
00242381
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
HSBC FUNDS
| Class A | Class C | Class D | Class E | ||
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund | FTRXX | HUMXX | HGDXX | HGEXX | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | HWAXX | HUCXX | HTDXX | HTEXX | |
| Class I | Intermediary Class | Intermediary Service Class | Class Y | ||
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund | HGIXX | HGGXX | HGFXX | RGYXX | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | HBIXX | HTGXX | HTFXX | HTYXX |
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
General and Account Information - (800) 782-8183 (Toll Free)
| HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. | Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. | |
| Investment Adviser and Administrator of the Funds ( “Adviser” or “Administrator”) |
Sub-Administrator of the Funds (“Citi” or “Sub-Administrator”) |
THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS ONLY AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION WHEN PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY THE PROSPECTUS FOR THE FUNDS DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2020 (the “Prospectus”). This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) contains additional and more detailed information than that set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Prospectus and SAI may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) at the address and telephone number printed above.
References in this SAI to the “Prospectus” are to the Prospectus dated February 28, 2020 of the Trust by which shares of the funds listed above (each a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”) are being offered. Unless the context otherwise requires, terms defined in the Prospectus have the same meaning in this SAI as in the Prospectus.
The Funds’ current audited financial statements dated October 31, 2019 are incorporated herein by reference from the Annual Report of the Funds dated October 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Copies of this Annual Report may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the Trust at the address and telephone number printed above.
February 28, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |
| GENERAL INFORMATION | 1 |
| INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS | 1 |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | 1 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | 2 |
| Qualifying as a Regulated Investment Company | 2 |
| INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS | 2 |
| Cyber Security Risk | 3 |
| Fixed Income Instruments | 4 |
| Investments In Other Investment Companies | 4 |
| Liquidity | 5 |
| Mortgage-Related Securities | 5 |
| Operational Risk | 12 |
| Repurchase Agreements | 12 |
| Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts | 13 |
| Selection of Money Market Investments | 13 |
| U.S. Government Securities | 14 |
| PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS | 14 |
| DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 17 |
| INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 18 |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | 19 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | 20 |
| Diversification and Other Measures | 21 |
| Percentage and Rating Restrictions | 22 |
| ii |
| MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST | 22 |
| Board of Trustees | 22 |
| Committees | 26 |
| Fund Ownership | 27 |
| Trustee and Officer Compensation | 28 |
| Investment Adviser | 29 |
| Distribution Plans - Class A, Class C, and Class D Shares Only | 31 |
| The Distributor | 31 |
| Payments to Financial Intermediaries | 32 |
| Administrator and Sub-Administrator | 34 |
| Transfer Agent | 35 |
| Custodian | 35 |
| Fund Accounting Agent | 36 |
| Shareholder Services Plan and Shareholder Servicing Agents | 36 |
| Federal Banking Law | 37 |
| Expenses | 38 |
| Proxy Voting | 38 |
| DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | 38 |
| PURCHASE OF SHARES | 39 |
| Exchange Privilege | 40 |
| In-Kind Purchases | 41 |
| Automatic Investment Plan | 41 |
| Purchases Through a Shareholder Servicing Agent or a Securities Broker | 42 |
| Conversion Feature - Class C Shares | 42 |
| Level Load Alternative - Class C Shares | 42 |
| REDEMPTION OF SHARES | 42 |
| Systematic Withdrawal Plan | 43 |
| Redemption of Shares Purchased Directly Through the Funds | 44 |
| Check Redemption Service | 44 |
| RETIREMENT PLANS | 45 |
| Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) | 45 |
| Defined Contribution Plans | 45 |
| Section 457 Plan, 401(k) Plan, 403(b) Plan | 45 |
| DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | 45 |
| DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES | 46 |
| OWNERSHIP OF THE FUNDS | 48 |
| TAXATION | 52 |
| Federal Income Tax | 52 |
| iii |
| Distributions in General | 53 |
| Sale, Exchange or Redemption of Shares | 54 |
| Original Issue Discount/Market Discount | 54 |
| Backup Withholding | 55 |
| Other Taxation | 55 |
| Foreign Shareholders | 55 |
| OTHER INFORMATION | 56 |
| Capitalization | 56 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 57 |
| Counsel | 57 |
| Code of Ethics | 57 |
| Registration Statement | 57 |
| Financial Statements | 57 |
| Shareholder Inquiries | 57 |
| APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | A-1 |
| APPENDIX B: ISS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES | B-1 |
| iv |
GENERAL INFORMATION
The HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund (“Government Money Market Fund”) and HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund (“U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund”), are separate series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company. Each Fund is a money market fund that must comply with the requirements of the SEC’s Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and, by virtue of compliance with the diversification requirements of Rule 2a-7, is deemed to have satisfied the diversification requirements of the 1940 Act. Each Fund has its own distinct investment objective and policies. Each Fund is described in this SAI. The Trust includes certain equity and fixed income funds that are covered in separate SAIs. Shares of the Funds are divided into eight separate classes: Class A (the “Class A Shares”), Class C (the “Class C Shares”), Class D (the “Class D Shares”), Class E (the “Class E Shares”), Institutional Shares (the “Class I Shares”), Intermediary Class (the “Intermediary Shares”), Intermediary Service Class (the “Intermediary Service Shares”), and Class Y (the “Class Y Shares”). See the Prospectus and “Purchase of Shares” for information about the various classes and eligibility to invest therein.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
The following information supplements the discussion of the investment objective, policies, and risks of each Fund in the Funds’ Prospectus.
Each Fund covered by this SAI is a money market fund that follows investment and valuation policies designed to maintain a stable net asset value (“NAV”) of $1.00 per share. There is no assurance that any Fund will be able to maintain a stable NAV of $1.00 per share. In addition, there can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved. Except as otherwise indicated, the investment objective and related policies and strategies of a Fund are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without the approval of Fund shareholders. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change, shareholders should consider whether a Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their then-current financial position and needs.
U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
The Fund is a government money market fund and seeks to maintain a stable price of $1.00 per share. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued or guaranteed by the United States or certain U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government Securities”) and/or repurchase agreements that are collateralized fully by these types of obligations. In addition, the Fund must invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized fully by these types of obligations. This policy is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ notice to Fund shareholders. If there is a change, shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their then-current financial position and needs. All investments on behalf of the Fund (i.e., 100% of the Fund’s investments) mature or are deemed to mature within 397 days from the date of acquisition, as calculated in accordance with Rule 2a-7. The Fund also must have a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less, each as calculated in accordance with Rule 2a-7.
The Fund invests in obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities. These include issues of the U.S. Treasury, such as bills, notes and bonds, and issues of agencies and instrumentalities established under the authority of an Act of Congress. Some of the latter
| 1 |
category of obligations are supported by the “full faith and credit” of the United States, others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, and still others are supported only by the credit of the agency or instrumentality. Examples of each of the three types of obligations described in the preceding sentence are (i) obligations guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), (ii) obligations of the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”), and (iii) obligations of the Federal Farm Credit Bank, respectively. The Fund may also invest in securities of other money market funds that primarily invest in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities.
U.S. TREASURY MONEY MARKET FUND
The Fund is a government money market fund and seeks to maintain a stable price of $1.00 per share. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing, under normal market conditions, exclusively in direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. In addition, the Fund must invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. This policy is not fundamental and may be changed by the Board upon 60 days’ notice to Fund shareholders. If there is a change, shareholders should consider whether the Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their then-current financial position and needs. All investments on behalf of the Fund (i.e., 100% of the Fund’s investments) mature or are deemed to mature within 397 days from the date of acquisition, as calculated in accordance with Rule 2a-7. The Fund also must have a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less, as calculated in accordance with Rule 2a-7.
The Fund may not enter into loans of its portfolio securities, invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or invest in repurchase agreements under normal conditions. However, the Fund may temporarily invest in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasury obligations.
The U.S. Treasury issues various types of marketable securities consisting of bills, notes, bonds and other debt securities. They are direct obligations of the U.S. Government and differ primarily in the length of their maturity. Treasury bills, the most frequently issued marketable U.S. Government security, have a maturity of up to one year and are issued on a discount basis.
QUALIFYING AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY
The Trust intends for each Fund to maintain its qualification as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to maintain such qualification, among other things, at the close of each quarter of each Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash, U.S. Government Securities, investment company securities and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to not more than 5% in value of the total assets of the Fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. In addition, at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, not more than 25% of a Fund’s total assets may be invested in securities of one issuer (or two or more issuers which are controlled by the Fund and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related businesses) other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies or in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships”.
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
Each Fund invests in a variety of securities in accordance with its investment objectives and policies (as described in the Prospectus and above in this SAI) and employs a number of investment techniques. Each
| 2 |
type of security and technique involves certain risks. The following is an alphabetical list of the investment techniques used by the Funds as indicated in the table, and the main risks associated with those techniques.
The table below indicates the types of investments and techniques that are material to the investment strategies employed by each Fund. In some cases, the omission of a Fund is not intended to imply that the Fund is precluded from investing in the types of investments or employing the techniques indicated below. Generally, if a particular type of investment or technique is not indicated as being applicable to a particular Fund, the particular type of investment or technique will not be material to the investment strategies employed by the Fund, although any risk factors that are stated more generally with respect to any broader category of investment or technique may still apply.
| Type of Investment Technique or Risk | U.S. Government Money Market Fund | U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund |
| Cyber Security Risk | X | X |
| Fixed Income Securities | X | X |
| Investments in Other Investment Companies | X | |
| Liquidity | X | X |
| Mortgage-Related Securities | X | |
| Operational Risk | X | X |
| Repurchase Agreements | X | X* |
| Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts | X | X |
| Selection of Money Market Investments | X | X |
| U.S. Government Securities | X | X |
* The U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, under adverse market conditions, temporarily may invest in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Treasury obligations.
CYBER SECURITY RISK
The Funds face greater risks of cyber security breaches because of the broad use of technology, such as computer systems and the internet, that has developed in the course of business. In general, cyber-attacks result from deliberate attacks but other events may have effects similar to those caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing, destroying or corrupting data that is maintained online or digitally, denial-of-service attacks on websites, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting a Fund or its investment adviser, subadviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediary or other third-party service provider may adversely impact the Funds. These cyber-attacks have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, to result in financial losses, to prevent shareholders from transacting business, and to lead to violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Similar to operational risk in general, the Funds and their investment adviser have instituted risk management systems designed to minimize the risks associated with cyber security. However, it is not certain that these systems will succeed, especially because the Funds do not directly control the cyber security systems of the service providers to the Funds, their trading counterparties, or the issuers in which a Fund may invest. Moreover, there is a risk that the cyber-attacks will not be detected.
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FIXED INCOME INSTRUMENTS
The Funds may invest in fixed income securities. The value of a Fund’s investment in fixed income instruments may change as prevailing interest rates fluctuate. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to rise. However, a low interest rate environment poses risks to the Funds because low yields on the Funds’ portfolio holdings may have an adverse impact on their ability to generate a positive yield to shareholders, pay expenses out of Fund assets, or maintain a stable NAV per share. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to decline. The Funds’ investments in fixed income securities with longer terms to maturity or greater duration are subject to greater volatility than shorter-term obligations. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income-producing or fixed income securities. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates to rise (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions, etc.). The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and a Fund’s investments.
Outflows in the fixed income market could impose difficulties on dealers because the recent increase of assets in bond mutual funds and exchange traded funds has not been matched with a proportionate increase in dealer capacity. As such, dealer inventories appear to be at an all-time low, relative to the market size. This reduction in market-making capacity by dealers has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in fixed income markets.
After purchase by a Fund, a fixed income security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase. A fixed income security which has had its rating downgraded or revoked may be subject to greater risk to principal and income, and often involve greater volatility of price, than instruments in the higher rating categories. Such instruments are also subject to greater credit risks (including, without limitation, the possibility of default by or bankruptcy of its issuers of such securities) than securities in higher rating categories.
INVESTMENTS IN OTHER INVESTMENT COMPANIES
Subject to certain restrictions, the Government Money Market Fund may invest in securities issued by other money market funds that primarily invest in U.S. Government Securities and repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government Securities. Such securities will be acquired by the Fund within the limits prescribed by the 1940 Act and the rules thereunder. Investors should recognize that the purchase of securities of other investment companies results in duplication of expenses such that investors indirectly bear a proportionate share of the operating expenses of such companies, including investment advisory and administrative services fees. In addition, the Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such money market fund in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund invests therein.
The Trust may, in the future, seek to achieve the Government Money Market Fund’s investment objective (subject to applicable investment restrictions) by investing all of the Fund’s assets in an open-end management investment company having substantially the same investment objective, policies and restrictions as those applicable to the Fund. In such event, the investment advisory contract for the Fund would be terminated and the administrative services fees paid by the Fund would be reduced. Such investment would be made only if the Trustees of the Trust believe that the aggregate per share expenses of the Fund and such other investment company will be less than or approximately equal to the expenses which the Fund would incur if the Trust were to continue to retain the services of an investment adviser for the Fund and the assets of the Fund were to continue to be invested directly in portfolio securities.
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In cases where (i) the Fund has an investment policy to invest under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets in a particular type or category of securities, and (ii) the Fund invests in another investment company that has a similar investment policy requiring it to invest under normal circumstances at least 80% of its net assets in that type or category of securities, the Fund will treat its investment in the other investment company as meeting the requirements of the Fund’s policy concerning the investment of at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets.
LIQUIDITY
The Funds will comply with the liquidity requirements under Rule 2a-7, including the weekly and daily liquidity requirements. In addition, each Fund will not acquire an illiquid security (as defined below) if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 5% of its total assets in illiquid securities. An illiquid security is a security that cannot be sold or disposed of within seven calendar days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which a Fund has valued the security.
The policy with respect to the purchase of illiquid securities does not limit the acquisition of securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) or commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) under the 1933 Act that are determined to be liquid in accordance with guidelines established by the Board. There may be delays in selling these securities, and sales may be made at less favorable prices.
The Adviser may determine that a particular Rule 144A or Section 4(a)(2) security is liquid and thus not subject to the limitation on investments in illiquid securities, pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board. Factors that the Adviser must consider in determining whether a particular Rule 144A security is liquid include the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number, diversity, and quality of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential purchasers, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security, and the nature of the security and the nature of the market for the security (i.e., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer). Investing in Rule 144A securities could have the effect of increasing the level of a Fund’s illiquidity to the extent that qualified institutions might become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities.
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Government Money Market Fund may invest in mortgage-backed certificates and other securities representing ownership interests in mortgage pools, including collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”). Interest and principal payments on the mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities are passed through to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities currently offer yields higher than those available from many other types of fixed-income securities, but because of their prepayment aspects, their price volatility and yield characteristics will change based on changes in prepayment rates.
There are two methods of trading mortgage-backed securities. A specific pool transaction is a trade in which the pool number of the security to be delivered on the settlement date is known at the time the trade is made. This is in contrast with the typical mortgage transaction, called a TBA (to be announced) transaction, in which the type of mortgage securities to be delivered is specified at the time of trade but the actual pool numbers of the securities that will be delivered are not known at the time of the trade. For example, in a TBA transaction an investor could purchase $1 million of 30-year Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) 9% mortgages and receive up to three pools on the settlement date. The pool numbers of the pools to be delivered at settlement will be announced shortly before settlement
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takes place. The terms of the TBA trade may be made more specific if desired. For example, an investor may request pools with particular characteristics, such as those that were issued prior to January 1, 1990. The most detailed specification of the trade is to request that the pool number be known prior to purchase. In this case, the investor has entered into a specific pool transaction. Generally, agency pass-through mortgage-backed securities are traded on a TBA basis. The specific pool numbers of the securities purchased do not have to be determined at the time of the trade.
Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity characteristics that are dependent on the mortgages underlying them. Thus, unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on these securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. In addition to scheduled loan amortization, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. Such prepayments may significantly shorten the effective durations of mortgage-backed securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in the rate of prepayments may significantly lengthen the effective durations of such securities.
Investment in mortgage-backed securities poses several risks, including interest rate, prepayment, market, and credit risk. Interest rate risk reflects the risk that, as interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities generally can be expected to fall. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages faster than expected, thereby affecting the investment’s average life and perhaps its yield. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages may also be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions.
Market risk reflects the risk that the price of the security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding, and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, and a Fund invested in such securities wishing to sell them may find it difficult to find a buyer, which may in turn decrease the price at which they may be sold.
Credit risk reflects the risk that the Government Money Market Fund may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations. Obligations issued by U.S. Government-related agencies or instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions.
The financial crisis in 2007—particularly the increase in delinquencies and defaults on residential mortgages, falling home prices, and unemployment—had adversely affected the market for mortgage-related securities. In addition, various market and governmental actions may impair the ability to foreclose on or exercise other remedies against underlying mortgage holders, or may reduce the amount received upon foreclosure. These factors may cause mortgage-related securities to experience lower valuations and reduced liquidity. There is also no assurance that the U.S. Government will take action to support the mortgage-related securities industry, as it has in the past, should the economy experience another downturn. Further, future legislative and other government actions may significantly alter the manner in which the mortgage-related securities market functions. Each of these factors could ultimately increase the risk that the Government Money Market Fund could realize losses on mortgage-related securities.
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Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”)) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) insured or Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the Federal Home Loan Banks. FHLMC issues participation certificates (“PCs”) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHMLC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC. The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The steps taken in connection with the conservatorship are both intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of
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the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.
FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.
In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.
Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations related to senior preferred stock. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to the Fund.
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The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to FHLMC and FNMA and the issuance of senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of FHLMC and FNMA. FHLMC and FNMA must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things, (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of FHLMC’s and FNMA’s respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by FHLMC and FNMA provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of FHLMC and FNMA could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on FHLMC and FNMA by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on FHLMC’s and FNMA’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the U.S. Treasury, market responses to developments at FHLMC and FNMA, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by FHLMC and FNMA, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by a Fund.
Under the direction of the FHFA, FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market. FNMA and FHLMC began issuing uniform mortgage-backed security in June 2019, and the effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable. The Funds are subject to the liquidity requirements described above.
The assets underlying mortgage-related securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
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Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments. In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
FHLMC CMOs. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates that are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Unlike FHLMC PCs, payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semiannually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semiannual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which, in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.
If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds. Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (“SMBS”). SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class
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receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or PO class). The cash flow and yields on IO and PO classes can be extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Government Money Market Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Government Money Market Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Although SMBS are typically purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Government Money Market Fund’s limitations on investments in illiquid securities.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Securities - Types of Credit Support. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. To lessen the effect of failure by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, such securities may contain elements of credit support. Such credit support falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the pass-through of payments due on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default enhances the likelihood of ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. However, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of a person or entities providing the credit enhancements.
The ratings of mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities for which third-party credit enhancement provides liquidity protection or protection against losses from default are generally dependent upon the continued creditworthiness of the provider of the credit enhancement. The ratings of such securities could be subject to reduction in the event of deterioration in the creditworthiness of the credit enhancement provider even in cases where the delinquency and loss experience on the underlying pool of assets is better than expected.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include “senior-subordinated securities” (multiple class securities with one or more classes subordinate to other classes as to the payment of principal thereof and interest thereon, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of “reserve funds” (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses) and “overcollateralization” (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceed those required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that which is anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security.
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OPERATIONAL RISK
The Funds’ investments or their service providers may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. The use of certain investment strategies that involve manual or additional processing increases these risks. Although the Funds attempt to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
In addition, the Funds rely on various sources to calculate their NAV. Therefore, each Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a Fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. Each Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
The operation risks could also arise from events that are wholly or partially beyond the Funds’ control. These events would include, but are not limited to, armed conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, social unrest, and government shutdowns.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Funds may invest in repurchase agreements. The U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund may invest in repurchase agreements only in respect of direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury. A repurchase agreement arises when a buyer purchases an obligation and simultaneously agrees with the vendor to resell the obligation to the vendor at an agreed-upon price and time, which is usually not more than seven days from the date of purchase. The resale price of a repurchase agreement is greater than the purchase price, reflecting an agreed-upon market rate which is effective for the period of time the buyer’s funds are invested in the obligation and which is not related to the coupon rate on the purchased obligation. Obligations serving as collateral for each repurchase agreement are delivered to a Fund’s custodian bank either physically or in book entry form and the collateral is marked to market daily to ensure that each repurchase agreement is fully collateralized at all times. A buyer of a repurchase agreement runs a risk of loss if, at the time of default by the issuer, the value of the collateral securing the agreement is less than the price paid for the repurchase agreement. A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with a vendor which is a member bank of the Federal Reserve System or which is a “primary dealer” (as designated by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York) in U.S. Government obligations. A Fund may also enter into a repurchase agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation, or certain counterparties approved by the Adviser. The restrictions and procedures that govern the investment of a Fund’s assets in repurchase obligations are designed to minimize the Fund’s risk of losses from those investments. Repurchase agreements are considered collateralized loans under the 1940 Act.
The repurchase agreement provides that, in the event the seller fails to pay the price agreed upon on the agreed upon delivery date or upon demand, as the case may be, the Fund will have the right to liquidate the securities. If, at the time a Fund is contractually entitled to exercise its right to liquidate the securities, the seller is subject to a proceeding under the bankruptcy laws or its assets are otherwise subject to a stay order, the Fund’s exercise of its right to liquidate the securities may be delayed and result in certain losses and costs to the Fund. The Funds have each adopted and follow procedures which are intended to minimize the risks of repurchase agreements. For example, each Fund only enters into repurchase
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agreements after the Adviser has determined that the seller is creditworthy, and the Adviser monitors that seller’s creditworthiness on an ongoing basis. Moreover, under such agreements, the value of the securities (which are marked to market every business day) is required to be greater than the repurchase price, and the Funds have the right to make margin calls at any time if the value of the securities falls below the agreed upon margin.
All repurchase agreements entered into by the Funds are fully collateralized at all times during the period of the agreement in that the value of the collateral is at least equal to the amount of the loan, reduced by the transaction costs (including the loss of interest) that the Fund reasonably could expect to incur in the event that the Fund must liquidate the collateral, and the Fund or its custodian bank has possession of the collateral, which the Board believes gives the Fund a valid, perfected security interest in the collateral. The Board believes that the collateral underlying repurchase agreements may be more susceptible to claims of the seller’s creditors than would be the case with securities owned by a Fund. Repurchase agreements give rise to income which does not qualify as tax-exempt income when distributed to Fund shareholders.
Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities (such as commercial paper, corporate bonds, mortgage loans and equities) may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency. Moreover, repurchase agreements secured by obligations that are not eligible for direct investment under Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act or a Fund’s investment strategies and limitations, may require the Fund to promptly dispose of such collateral if the seller or guarantor becomes insolvent. If the seller or guarantor becomes insolvent, a Fund may suffer delays, costs and possible losses in connection with the disposition of collateral.
RISKS OF QUALIFIED FINANCIAL CONTRACTS
Regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Act require that certain qualified financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, repurchase agreements. If a covered counterparty of a Fund or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. These requirements may impact a Fund’s credit and counterparty risks.
SELECTION OF MONEY MARKET INVESTMENTS
The Funds invest in fixed income securities. The value of the fixed income securities in a Fund’s portfolio can be expected to vary inversely with changes in prevailing interest rates. Although each Fund’s investment policies are designed to minimize these changes and to maintain an NAV of $1.00 per share, there is no assurance that these policies will be successful. Withdrawals by shareholders could require the sale of portfolio investments at a time when such a sale might not otherwise be desirable.
Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issue. Securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
Considerations of portfolio quality, maturity, diversification and liquidity, as well as preservation of capital, mean that a Fund may not necessarily invest in money market instruments paying the highest available yield at a particular time. Consistent with its investment objectives, the Funds will each attempt
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to maximize yields by portfolio trading and by buying and selling portfolio investments in anticipation of, or in response to, changing economic and money market conditions and trends. The Funds will each also invest to take advantage of what the Adviser believes to be temporary disparities in yields of different segments of the high-grade money market or among particular instruments within the same segment of the market. In purchasing and selling securities for the Funds, portfolio managers consider the Adviser’s credit analysis. With respect to the Government Money Market Fund, portfolio managers select investments from an approved credit list compiled by the Adviser’s global credit analysts, who have conducted an independent qualitative and quantitative review of each issuer on the list. Safety is prioritized, with additional emphasis placed on liquidity and yield. These policies, as well as the relatively short maturity of obligations purchased by a Fund, may result in frequent changes in the Fund’s portfolio. Portfolio turnover may give rise to taxable gains. The Funds do not usually pay brokerage commissions in connection with the purchase or sale of portfolio securities.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
The Funds may each invest in U.S. Government Securities. U.S. Government Securities include bills, notes, and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government. The U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund invests only in obligations of the U.S. Treasury and therefore may not invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government.
Some U.S. Government securities are supported by the direct full faith and credit pledge of the U.S. Government; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies’ obligations; and others are supported only by the credit of the issuing or guaranteeing instrumentality. There is no assurance that the U.S. Government will be able or willing to repay any principal or interest when due, or will provide financial support to a U.S. Government agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise when it is not obligated by law to do so.
Regarding certain federal agency securities or government sponsored entity securities (such as debt securities or mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA, FHLMC, Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Bank and other government sponsored agencies), you should be aware that although the issuer may be chartered or sponsored by an Act of Congress, the issuer is not funded by congressional appropriations, and its securities are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. Treasury. This risk does not apply to the Treasury Money Market Fund, which invests only in obligations of the U.S. Treasury and does not invest in obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
Portfolio securities normally will be purchased or sold from or to issuers directly or from or to dealers serving as market makers for the securities at a net price. Generally, money market securities are traded on a principal basis and do not involve brokerage commissions. The cost of executing portfolio securities transactions for each Fund primarily consists of dealer spreads and underwriting commissions. The Adviser is primarily responsible for portfolio decisions and the placing of portfolio transactions. The Trust has no obligation to deal with any dealer or group of dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities for each Fund. Allocation of transactions, including their frequency, to various dealers is determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of each Fund’s shareholders rather than by any formula. In placing orders for each Fund, the primary consideration is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at the most favorable price, although
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the Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Other factors taken into consideration are the dealer’s general execution and operational facilities, the type of transaction involved and other factors, such as the dealer’s risk in positioning the securities. To the extent consistent with applicable legal requirements, the Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of Fund investments for a Fund with a broker-dealer affiliate of the Adviser.
The Adviser may, in circumstances in which two or more dealers are in a position to offer comparable results and subject to certain conditions, give preference to a dealer that has provided statistical or other research services to the Adviser. By allocating transactions in this manner, the Adviser is able to supplement its research and analysis with the views and information of securities firms. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, include such matters as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities. Some of these services are of value to the Adviser in advising several of its clients (including the Funds), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing each Fund. The management fee paid from each Fund is not reduced because the Adviser and its affiliates receive such services.
Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with HSBC Bank USA, the Adviser, the Trust or Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (“Foreside” or “Distributor”) are generally prohibited from dealing with a Fund as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities. A Fund may purchase securities from underwriting syndicates of which the Distributor or other affiliate is a member under certain conditions in accordance with the provisions of a rule adopted under the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with the Adviser, a Fund or Foreside may act as a broker for the Fund. In order for such persons to effect any portfolio transactions for a Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by such persons must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remunerations paid to other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on an exchange during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow the affiliate to receive no more than the remuneration that would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arms-length transaction. The Trustees of the Trust regularly review any commissions paid by the Funds to affiliated brokers. The Funds will not do business with nor pay commissions to affiliates of the Adviser in any portfolio transactions where they act as principal.
As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“1934 Act”), the Adviser may cause each Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined in the 1934 Act) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for the Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, provided that the Adviser determines in good faith that the greater commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or its respective overall responsibilities to the Fund or to its other clients. Not all of such services are useful or of value in advising each Fund.
The term “brokerage and research services” includes advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts; and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. Although commissions paid on every transaction will, in the judgment of the Adviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage services provided, commissions exceeding those which another broker might charge may be paid to broker-dealers who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of the Funds and the Adviser’s other clients in part for providing advice as to the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities and services in effecting securities transactions and performing
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functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. The SEC has published interpretative guidance that tightened previously existing standards concerning the types of expenses that qualify for the Section 28(e) safe harbor and set forth certain steps that investment advisers would need to take in order to ensure such qualification.
Investment decisions for each Fund and for the other investment advisory clients of the Adviser are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought for certain clients even though it could have been sold for other clients at the same time, and a particular security may be sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. Two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in that security are, insofar as practicable, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for a Fund and for other clients of the Adviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantage available to large denomination purchases or sales. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients in terms of the price paid or received or of the size of the position obtainable. It is recognized that, in some cases, this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as a Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, the Adviser believes that the Funds’ ability to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds.
The Board has adopted a policy to ensure compliance with Rule 12b-1(h) under the 1940 Act in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the Funds. Generally, Rule 12b-1(h) prohibits the Funds from compensating a broker-dealer for promotion or sale of Fund shares by directing to the broker-dealer securities transactions or remuneration received or to be received from such portfolio securities transactions.
Since the Funds invest primarily in fixed-income securities, it is anticipated that most purchases and sales will be with the issuer or with underwriters of or dealers in those securities, acting as principal. Accordingly, the Funds would not ordinarily pay significant brokerage commissions with respect to their securities transactions.
In the United States and in some other countries debt securities are traded principally in the over-the-counter market on a net basis through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. In other countries, both debt and equity securities are traded on exchanges at fixed commission rates. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriter’s commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased and sold from and to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. The Adviser normally seeks to deal directly with the primary market makers or on major exchanges unless, in its opinion, better prices are available elsewhere. Subject to the requirement of seeking best execution, securities may, as authorized by each investment advisory contract, be bought from or sold to dealers who have furnished statistical, research and other information or services to the Adviser. At present, no arrangements for the recapture of commission payments are in effect.
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Funds acquired securities issued by their regular brokers or dealers, or their parent companies, as reflected in the table below. The following shows the aggregate holdings of the securities of each such issuer as of October 31, 2019. (For these purposes a regular broker or dealer includes any of the (a) ten brokers or dealers that received the greatest dollar
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amount of brokerage commissions by virtue of direct or indirect participation in the Trust’s portfolio transactions during the most recent fiscal year, (b) ten brokers or dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions of the Trust during its most recent fiscal year, or (c) ten brokers or dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of securities of the Funds during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.)
| Fund | Bank of
New York |
Credit Agricole | Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc. |
Dreyfus | Natwest Markets PLC |
| $1,200,000,000 | $110,000,000 | $500,000,000 | $213,208,914 | $500,000,000 | |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | Societe Generale | Standard Chartered Bank |
State
Street Bank |
Toronto
Dominion Bank NY |
|
| $1,600,000,000 | $300,000,000 | $1,100,000,000 | $450,000,000 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board has adopted policies and procedures relating to the disclosure of the Trust’s portfolio securities (the “Policy”). The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of holdings information is necessary to the Trust’s operation or useful to the Trust’s shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Trust. Disclosure of information regarding the portfolio holdings of the Funds occurs only upon the determination, by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders and that it does not present a conflict of interest between the shareholders and the Adviser, principal underwriter, or any affiliated person of the Fund, the Adviser, or its principal underwriter.
The Trust discloses a complete schedule of investments in each Semi-Annual Report and Annual Report to Shareholders. Semi-Annual and Annual Reports are distributed to shareholders and are also available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on the Trust’s website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
The Funds will also disclose on the Adviser’s Web site: (i) within five business days after the end of each month, a complete schedule of portfolio holdings and certain other information, including the dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity and dollar-weighted average portfolio life of each Fund; (ii) each business day, (a) the percentage of each Fund’s total assets that are invested daily and weekly liquid assets, (b) each Fund’s daily net inflows or outflows, and (c) each Fund’s marked-to-market NAV per share. In addition, each Fund will file with the SEC on Form N-MFP, within five business days after the end of each month, more detailed portfolio holdings information of the Fund. The Funds’ Form N-MFP filings will be available on the SEC’s Web site, and the Adviser’s Web site will contain a link to such filings.
The Funds will also publicly disclose the complete schedule of each Fund’s portfolio holdings on a weekly or monthly basis. This information, which will include portfolio holdings, sector holdings and other characteristics, will generally be available on the Adviser’s Web site subject to a delay of five (5) business days. The disclosure of weekly portfolio holdings information, however, may not occur when monthly portfolio holdings information will be available shortly before or after the date on which the weekly portfolio holdings information would otherwise be available. Portfolio holdings information will be available until it is updated as of the following period. The information on the Adviser’s Web site is publicly available to all categories of persons.
The Trust or the Adviser may share non-public holdings information of the Trust on a more frequent basis with the Adviser and other service providers to the Trust (including the Trust’s custodian; the Sub-Administrator; and pricing services such as FT Interactive). In addition, the Trust may share non-public
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holdings information with mutual fund ranking and rating services, including Standard & Poor’s Corporation, Morningstar, Lipper Analytical Services, FactSet, Fitch Ratings, Inc. and Bloomberg L.P. These service providers and other entities owe contractual, fiduciary, or other legal duties of confidentiality to the Trust or the Adviser that foster reasonable expectations that holdings information will not be misused. The Trust’s officers may authorize disclosure of the Trust’s holdings portfolio information to service providers where such service provider needs information to fulfill its duties.
The Trust may also disclose information about portfolio holdings to mutual fund evaluation services that agree not to disclose the information to third parties and that enter into a Confidentiality Agreement. Such Confidentiality Agreement provides, among other things, that non-public portfolio holdings information will be kept confidential and that such information will be used solely for the purpose of analysis and evaluation of the portfolio. Disclosures may be made to other third parties under a Confidentiality Agreement satisfactory to Fund counsel and the Trust’s CCO. The Confidentiality Agreement prohibits anyone in possession of non-public holdings information from purchasing or selling securities based on such information, or from disclosing such information to other persons, except for those who are actually engaged in, and need to know, such information to perform services for the portfolio.
Currently, the Trust has arrangements to provide additional disclosure of holdings information to the following evaluation services: Lipper Analytical Services (10 days after the end of each month), Morningstar (5 business days after the end of each month), Bloomberg L.P. (60 days after the end of each quarter), FactSet (daily), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (two times per month) and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (between 3-5 days after the end of each week).
No compensation or other consideration is paid to or received by any party in connection with the disclosure of holdings information, including the Trust, the Adviser and its affiliates.
Pursuant to the Policy, the CCO may authorize exceptions and allow disclosures under other circumstances he or she deems appropriate. In addition, a Fund may disclose its holdings, as appropriate, in conformity with the foregoing principles. Compliance with the Policy (including the use of the portfolio holdings information) will be monitored by the CCO or his or her designee on a regular basis, and any violations constituting a “Material Compliance Matter” as defined under Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act will be reported by the CCO to the Board.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Each Fund has adopted certain fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions. Fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without approval by holders of a “majority of the outstanding shares” of the Fund, which, as used in this SAI, means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the outstanding “voting securities” of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities” of the Fund are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities” of the Fund. The term “voting securities” as used in this paragraph has the same meaning as in the 1940 Act.
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Funds will seek to comply with the maturity, quality, liquidity and diversification requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, including the prohibition from acquiring an illiquid security if, immediately after the acquisition, a Fund would have more than 5% of its total assets invested in illiquid securities.
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NON-FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTIONS
Each of the Funds is subject to the following non-fundamental restriction, in addition to the fundamental restrictions set forth below under the headings for each Fund:
1. The Fund may not directly purchase securities or other instruments issued by companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines. The Adviser uses the definitions within the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty and the 2008 Convention on Cluster Bombs for guidance and implementation. The Fund may purchase securities of registered investment companies, ETNs or other pooled vehicles that invest in companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines.
FUNDAMENTAL RESTRICTIONS
U.S. GOVERNMENT MONEY MARKET FUND
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund:
1. may not borrow money, except that, as a temporary measure for extraordinary or emergency purposes, the Fund may borrow from banks in an amount not to exceed 1/3 of the value of the net assets of the Fund including the amount borrowed (moreover, the Trust (on behalf of the Fund) may not purchase any securities at any time at which borrowings exceed 5% of the total assets of the Fund) taken in each case at market value;
2. may not purchase any security or evidence of interest therein on margin, except that the Trust may obtain such short-term credit for the Fund as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities;
3. may not act as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent it could be considered an underwriter in the acquisition and disposition of restricted securities;
4. may make loans to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
5. may not purchase or sell real estate (including limited partnership interests, but excluding securities secured by real estate or interests therein), interests in oil, gas or mineral leases, commodities or commodity contracts in the ordinary course of business (the Trust reserves the freedom of action to hold and to sell for the Fund real estate acquired as a result of its ownership of securities);
6. may not “concentrate” its investments in any one industry (excluding the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such investments), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; provided, however, that the Fund may invest without limitation in U.S. dollar-denominated obligations of U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks and U.S. branches of foreign banks;
7. may issue senior securities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
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8. may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate for any purpose in excess of 10% of the net assets of the Fund (taken at market value);
9. may not sell any security which it does not own, unless, by virtue of its ownership of other securities, it has at the time of sale a right to obtain securities, without payment of further consideration, equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold; and provided, that, if such right is conditional, the sale is made upon the same conditions;
10. may not invest for the purpose of exercising control or management;
11. may not, taken together with any investments described in Investment Restriction (14) below, invest more than 10% of the net assets of the Fund in securities that are not readily marketable, including debt securities for which there is no established market and fixed time deposits and repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days;
12. may not purchase or retain any securities issued by an issuer any of whose officers, directors, trustees or security holders is an officer or Trustee of the Trust, or is an officer or director of the Adviser, if after the purchase of the securities of such issuer by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, one or more of such persons owns beneficially more than 1/2 of 1% of the shares or securities, or both, all taken at market value, of such issuer, and such persons owning more than 1/2 of 1% of such shares or securities together own beneficially more than 5% of such shares or securities, or both, all taken at market value;
13. may not write, purchase or sell any put or call option or any combination thereof;
14. may not, taken together with any investments described in Investment Restriction (11) above, invest in securities which are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale (other than fixed time deposits and repurchase agreements maturing in not more than seven days) if, as a result thereof, more than 10% of the net assets of the Fund, (taken at market value) would be so invested (including fixed time deposits and repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days);
15. may not purchase securities of any issuer if such purchase at the time thereof would cause more than 10% of the voting securities of such issuer to be held for the Fund; or
16. may not make short sales of securities or maintain a short position, unless, at all times when a short position is open, the Fund owns an equal amount of such securities or securities convertible into or exchangeable, without payment of any further consideration, for securities of the same issue as, and equal in amount to, the securities sold short, and unless not more than 10% of the net assets of the Fund (taken at market value) is held as collateral for such sales at any one time.
For the purposes of interpreting the fundamental policies, securities deemed to be liquid in accordance with the procedures adopted by the Board are not included in the limitation set forth in Items 11 and 14.
U.S. TREASURY MONEY MARKET FUND
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Trust, on behalf of the Fund:
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1. may not purchase securities on margin (except for short-term credits necessary for the clearance of transactions) or make short sales of securities (the deposit or payment by the Fund of initial or maintenance margin in connection with futures contracts or related options transactions is not considered the purchase of a security on margin);
2. may not underwrite securities of other issuers, to the extent that the purchase of municipal obligations, or other permitted investments, directly from the issuer thereof or from an underwriter for an issuer and the later disposition of such securities in accordance with the Fund’s investment program may be deemed to be an underwriting;
3. may not invest an amount equal to 10% or more of the value of its net assets in investments which are illiquid (including repurchase agreements and fixed time deposits not subject to withdrawal penalties having maturities of more than seven calendar days);
4. may not issue senior securities, borrow money or pledge or mortgage its assets, except the Fund may borrow from banks up to 33 1/3% of the current value of the total assets of the Fund and pledge up to 33 1/3% of its assets to secure such borrowings;
5. may not make loans or lend its portfolio securities;
6. may not purchase securities other than direct obligations of the U.S. Treasury or repurchase agreements pertaining thereto (there being no limit on the amount of the assets of the U.S. Treasury Fund which may be invested in the securities of any one issuer of such obligations); and
7. may not purchase or sell real estate (including limited partnership interests but excluding securities secured by real estate or interests therein), interests in oil, gas or mineral leases, commodities or commodity contracts in the ordinary course of business (the Trust reserves the freedom of action to hold and to sell for the Fund real estate acquired as a result of its ownership of securities).
For the purposes of interpreting the fundamental policies, securities deemed to be liquid in accordance with the procedures adopted by the Board are not included in the limitations set forth in Item 3.
DIVERSIFICATION AND OTHER MEASURES
Each Fund’s diversification tests are measured at the time of initial purchase and calculated as specified in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, which may allow a Fund to exceed the limits specified in the Prospectus for certain securities subject to guarantees or demand features. A Fund will be deemed to satisfy the maturity requirements described in the Prospectus to the extent that the Fund satisfies the applicable maturity requirements in Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. The definition of issuer for purposes of these investment restrictions is the same as that described under “Investment Objective, Policies and Restrictions” in this SAI for the purpose of diversification under the 1940 Act.
It is the intention of each Fund, unless otherwise indicated, that with respect to the Fund’s policies that are the result of the application of law, the Fund will take advantage of the flexibility provided by rules or interpretations of the SEC currently in existence or promulgated in the future or changes to such laws.
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PERCENTAGE AND RATING RESTRICTIONS
If a percentage restriction or a rating restriction on investment or utilization of assets set forth above or referred to in a Fund’s Prospectus is adhered to at the time an investment is made or assets are so utilized, a later change in percentage resulting from changes in the value of the securities held by a Fund or a later change in the rating of a security held by a Fund is not considered a violation of policy. However, the Adviser will consider such change in its determination of whether to continue to hold the security and provided further, that the Adviser will take appropriate steps, which may include the disposition of portfolio securities, as may be necessary to satisfy the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and/or the rules thereunder with respect to the Fund’s investments in illiquid securities or any borrowings by the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Overall responsibility for management of HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) rests with the Board. The Trustees elect the officers of the Trust and appoint service providers to manage the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trustees meet regularly to discuss and consider matters concerning the Trust and to oversee the Trust’s activities, including the investment performance of the Funds and the operation of the Trust’s compliance program, and to evaluate and address potential conflicts and risks associated with the Trust’s activities.
Board Composition And Leadership Structure
The Trust has a Board of Trustees. The Board consists of five Trustees, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as that term is defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”), and one of whom is an “interested person” of the Trust (the “Interested Trustee”) by virtue of her employment with the Adviser. The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Trust’s investment activities. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trust enters into agreements with various entities to manage the day-to-day operations of the Trust, including with the Adviser, the Subadvisers (as applicable), the administrator, the transfer agent, the distributor and the custodian. The Board is responsible for selecting these service providers (based on the recommendation of the Adviser), approving the terms of their contracts with the Trust and exercising general oversight of these service providers on an ongoing basis.
The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, is an Independent Trustee, and, among other duties and responsibilities, serves as a point person for communications between the Trustees and the Trust’s management. The Trustees interact directly with the Chairman, Chairs of the Trust’s standing Committees, each other, the Trust’s officers, and senior management of the Adviser and other service providers of the Trust at scheduled meetings and between meetings, as appropriate.
The Board has established the following standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee; and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Committees”) to facilitate the Trustees’ effective oversight of the management of those aspects of the Trust’s operations. Each Committee has a Chair, who is an Independent Trustee. Each Committee’s responsibilities are discussed in greater detail below. By assigning areas of responsibility to committees of Trustees, and to the full Board, the Board’s leadership structure enables it to exercise informed and independent judgment over the matters within its purview.
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Board’s Role In Risk Oversight Of The Trust
The Board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular Board meetings, as does each Committee of the Trust. The Board and its Committees consider risk management through, among other things, regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the Board, its Committees, and counsel. These reports address investment, valuation, liquidity, operations, and compliance matters. The Board may also receive special written reports or presentations on cybersecurity and a variety of other risk issues, either upon request or upon the Adviser’s initiative. In addition, the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee of the Board meets regularly with the Adviser’s internal risk department and Fund Pricing Group to review reports on their examinations of liquidity risks and their fair value determinations, respectively, on the Funds’ investment portfolios.
With respect to investment risk, the Board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds, which may include the comparison of the Funds’ performance to their respective benchmarks and/or peer groups when applicable. In addition, investment personnel for the Funds meet regularly with the Board to discuss Fund performance, including investment risk, liquidity and market updates. Also, to the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy or invests in a new type of security that could have a material effect on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted.
With respect to valuation, the Board receives regular written reports summarizing the discussions from the Adviser’s internal Pricing and Valuation Committee meetings. The Board receives regular written reports that enable it to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular Fund, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. In addition, the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee reviews certain valuation matters with the Funds’ Treasurer and the Trust’s independent auditors in connection with the Committee’s review of the results of the audit of the Funds’ annual financial statements.
With respect to compliance risks, the Board and the Audit and Compliance Committee receive regular compliance reports and meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC rules, the Independent Trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the Board. The Board also meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser. The Board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Trust and approves such procedures of certain of the Trust’s service providers, such as the Adviser and the Subadvisers (as applicable). The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
Qualifications Of The Trustees
The names of the Trustees, their addresses, ages, positions held with the Trust, principal occupation(s) during the past five years, number of portfolios in the fund complex overseen, and other directorships held by each Trustee are set forth below.
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TRUSTEES
| Name(1) | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Length
of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Portfolios
in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) |
Other Directorships Held By Trustee During the Past 5 Years(3) |
| Independent Trustees | |||||
| Thomas
F. Robards Age: 73 |
Trustee and Chairman | 2005 to present | Private Investor (2003 – present) | 8 | Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT (NYSE listed real estate investment trust) (2013 – present); and Ellington Financial LLC (NYSE listed financial services company) (2007 – present) |
| Marcia
L. Beck Age: 64 |
Trustee | 2008 to present | Private Investor (1999 – present) | 8 | None |
| Susan
C. Gause Age: 67 |
Trustee | 2013 to present | Private Investor (2003 – present) | 8 | Metropolitan Series Fund (2012 – present); and Met Investors Series Trust (2008 – present) |
| Susan S. Huang Age: 65 | Trustee | 2008 to present | Private Investor (2000 – present) | 8 | None |
| Interested Trustee | |||||
| Deborah
A. Hazell(4) Age: 56 |
Trustee | 2011 to present | Director and Chief Executive Officer, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2011 – present) | 8 | None |
| (1) | Each Independent Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691, Attn: Richard A. Fabietti. Ms. Hazell may be contacted by writing to 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018. |
| (2) | The “Fund Complex” is comprised of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds. |
| (3) | This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
| (4) | Ms. Hazell is considered to be an “Interested Trustee” because she holds positions with HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. |
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OFFICERS
| Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Term of Office
and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
| Richard
A. Fabietti 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 61 |
President | One year; 2004 to present | Senior Vice President, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (1998 – present) |
| James
D. Levy 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 56 |
Vice President | One year; 2014 to present | Vice President, Product Management, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2014 – present); Vice President, Mutual Funds Product Development, GE Asset Management Inc. (2007 – 2014) |
| Ioannis
Tzouganatos* Prudential Center 800 Boylston Street, 24th Floor Boston, MA 02199 Age: 43 |
Secretary | One year; 2015 to present | Vice President, Regulatory Administration, Citi Fund Services (2008 – present) |
| Lauren
Stuntebeck* 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200 Columbus, OH 43219 Age: 32 |
Treasurer | One year; 2019 to present | Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services (2019-present); Senior Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2016-2019); Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2014-2016) |
| Charles
L. Booth* 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200 Columbus, OH 43219 Age: 59 |
Chief Compliance Officer | One year; 2015 to present | Director and Compliance Officer, Citi Fund Services (1988 – present) |
| James
M. Curtis 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 51 |
Chief Legal Officer | One year; 2018 to present | Associate General Counsel, HSBC Technology & Services (USA) Inc. (2018-present); Associate General Counsel, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. (2005 – 2017) |
* Ms. Stuntebeck, Mr. Tzouganatos and Mr. Booth are also officers of certain other investment companies of which Citi Fund Services (or an affiliate) is the administrator or sub-administrator.
Trustee Experience, Qualifications, Attributes or Skills
The following provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Trustee of the Trust should so serve. The current members of the Board joined at different points in time since 2005. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the original selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments, including prior experience in the financial services and investment management fields or on other boards; (ii) the individual’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board; and (iii) how the individual’s skills, experiences and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
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In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and obligations. The Board believes that the specific background of each Board member (including as set forth above) evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Board. The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, has governance and operating experience in banking, brokerage and specialty finance companies. In addition, Mr. Robards serves and has served as a director of several public companies. Mses. Beck and Huang each have experience managing risk as well as portfolios of money market and fixed income instruments, respectively. Ms. Beck has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as President and Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Mutual Funds, an unaffiliated mutual fund complex. Ms. Huang has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as Senior Vice President of Schroder Investment Management, a global asset management company. Ms. Gause has significant experience in the financial services industry, having served as, among other things, Chief Executive Officer of Dresdner RCM Global Investors and Allianz Dresdner Asset Management, a global asset management company. In that position, Ms. Gause was responsible for the day-to-day activities of the investment adviser of various registered open-end funds. Ms. Hazell has significant experience in the financial services industry and is currently the Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. Previously, Ms. Hazell was the President and Chief Executive Officer of a global investment management firm that provided active, fixed income capabilities to institutional investors.
COMMITTEES
The Board currently has three standing committees: Audit and Compliance Committee, Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
Audit and Compliance Committee
The Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Beck. Ms. Beck, Mr. Robards and Ms. Gause are audit committee financial experts of the Trust. The primary purpose of the Audit and Compliance Committee is to oversee the accounting and financial reporting policies, practices and internal controls of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee, among other things: (i) recommends to the Board the selection, retention, and termination of an independent public accounting firm; (ii) annually reviews the scope of the proposed audit and generally, the audit procedures to be utilized and the proposed audit fees; (iii) reviews the results of the annual audit with the independent auditors and any reports from the independent auditors concerning an audit, as presented to the Audit and Compliance Committee; (iv) reviews the annual financial statements of the Funds with management and the independent auditors; (v) approves the fees to be paid by the Trust to the independent auditors for its services; and (vi) reviews the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures with management and the independent auditors. Committee responsibility for the Trust’s compliance program, which includes, among other things, (i) reviewing recommendations made to the Board concerning the designation of a person to serve as the Trust’s CCO pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act; (ii) overseeing compliance by third-party service providers of the Trust’s compliance program; (iii) assessing recommendations made by the CCO concerning changes; and (iv) additions to the Trust’s compliance program, is also housed within the Audit and Compliance Committee. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Trust met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
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Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee
The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee is comprised of all of the Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Huang. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, among other things: (i) oversees Fund management, investment risk management, performance and brokerage practices relating to the Funds; (ii) reviews certain proposals that the Adviser may wish to make concerning the Funds and their investments; (iii) oversees the implementation and operation of the Trust’s Valuation Procedures, including the amortized cost method of valuation pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act with respect to the HSBC Money Market Funds; (iv) oversees the processes relating to the assessment of the liquidity of the Funds’ assets; (v) reviews the proxy voting guidelines, policies, and procedures; and (vi) oversees the performance of the investment subadvisers to the applicable series of the Trust. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Gause. This Committee, among other things: (i) makes nominations for trustee membership on the Board or a Committee; (ii) evaluates on a periodic basis the operations and effectiveness of the Board as a whole; (iii) periodically reviews the composition of the Board to determine whether it may be appropriate to add individuals with different backgrounds or skills from those already on the Board; (iv) periodically reviews industry best practices and Board governance procedures and recommends appropriate changes to the full Board; (v) periodically reviews Trustee compensation and Committee responsibilities and recommends any appropriate changes to the full Board; (vi) reviews the retention of professional liability insurance (D&O/E&O Insurance) and investment company fidelity bonds; and (vii) reviews the independence and performance of the Independent Trustee counsel. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers nominees recommended by shareholders. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the President of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
When evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as an Independent Trustee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may consider, among other factors: (i) whether or not the person is “independent” and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee; (ii) whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of an Independent Trustee; (iii) the contribution that the person can make to the Board, with consideration being given to the person’s business experience, education and such other factors as the Committee may consider relevant; (iv) the character and integrity of the person; (v) the desirable personality traits, including independence, leadership and the ability to work with the other members of the Board; and (vi) consistency with the 1940 Act.
The process of identifying nominees involves the consideration of candidates recommended by one or more of the following: current Independent Trustees, officers, and other sources that the Committee deems appropriate.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Listed below for each Trustee is a dollar range of securities beneficially owned in the Funds together with the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee in the HSBC Family of Funds, as of December 31, 2019 (unless otherwise stated).
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| Dollar Range of Equity Securities in: |
Independent Trustees | Interested Trustee | |||
| Marcia
L. Beck |
Susan
C. Gause |
Susan
S. Huang |
Thomas Robards |
Deborah
A. Hazell | |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $50,001-$100,000 | $10,001-$50,000 | $10,001-$50,000 | Over $100,000 | None |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | None | None | None | None | None |
| Aggregate Dollar Range of Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustee in HSBC Family of Funds | $50,001-$100,000 | $50,001-$100,000 | $50,001-$100,000 | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
As of February 3, 2020, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Funds.
TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the following compensation was paid to the Trustees:
| Compensation From the Funds |
Independent Trustees (1) | |||
| Marcia
L. Beck |
Susan
C. Gause |
Susan
S. Huang |
Thomas
F. Robards | |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $20,587.50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $20,587.50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Pension Or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part Of The Funds’ Expenses(2) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Total Compensation From Funds And Fund Complex(3) Paid To Trustees | $204,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $228,500.00 |
| (1) | Ms. Hazell, an Interested Trustee, is not compensated from the Trust for her service as an Interested Trustee. | |
| (2) | The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of Fund expenses, and Trustees of the Trust are not entitled to retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board. | |
| (3) | For these purposes, the Fund Complex consisted of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds as of October 31, 2019. |
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None of the officers receive compensation directly from the Funds. Under a Services Agreement between the Trust and Citi (“Services Agreement”), Citi makes an individual available to serve as the Trust’s CCO. Under the Services Agreement, Citi also provides infrastructure and support in implementing the written policies and procedures comprising the Funds’ Compliance Program. This includes providing support services to the CCO, developing standards for reports to the Board by Citi and other service providers, and assisting in preparing or providing documentation for the Board to make findings and conduct reviews pertaining to the Funds’ Compliance Program and related policies and procedures of Fund service providers. For the services provided under the Services Agreement, the Trust currently pays Citi $313,915 per annum, plus certain out of pocket expenses. Citi pays the salary and other compensation earned by any such individuals as employees of Citi. The Services Agreement also governs Citi’s provision of regulatory administration and fund accounting services to the Funds. For more information about these services, respectively, see “Administrator and Sub-Administrator” and “Fund Accounting Agent.”
INVESTMENT ADVISER
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Advisory Contract”) with the Trust. For investment advisory services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from each Fund, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, and which is based on the Fund’s daily net assets, at an annual rate of 0.10%.
The Adviser has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement (“Agreement”) with the Funds with respect to the Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares under which it will limit total expenses of a Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to a Fund’s investments in investment companies.) The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Advisory Contract between the Trust and the Adviser, or may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Board.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of advisory fees incurred by each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019^ | 2018^ | 2017^ |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $13,884,140 | $10,471,003 | $10,854,052 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $1,821,502 | $1,955,197 | $1,825,974 |
| ^ | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
The Advisory Contract for each Fund will continue in effect through December 31, 2020. Thereafter, the Advisory contract will continue in effect with respect to each Fund for successive periods not to exceed one (1) year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Funds or by the Board, and (ii) a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the Advisory Contract or “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisory Contract may be terminated with respect to a Fund without penalty by either party on 60 days’ written notice and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment within the meaning of the 1940 Act.
The Adviser, located at 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA Inc., a registered bank holding company. No securities or instruments issued by HSBC USA Inc. or HSBC Bank USA, N.A. will be purchased for a Fund.
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The Advisory Contract for the Funds provides that the Adviser will manage the portfolio of each Fund and will furnish to each of the Funds investment guidance and policy direction in connection therewith. The Adviser has agreed to provide the Trust with, among other things, information relating to composition, credit conditions and average maturity of the portfolio of each Fund. Pursuant to the Advisory Contract, the Adviser also furnishes to the Board periodic reports on the investment performance of each Fund.
The Adviser and the Trust have also entered into an Operational Support Services Agreement, under which the Adviser provides certain support services in connection with the operation of certain Classes of shares of the Funds. For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from each Fund, computed daily and paid monthly, equal on an annual basis to 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets, with the exception of assets attributable to Class E and Class I Shares.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of operational support services fees incurred by each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019^ | 2018^ | 2017^ |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $4,027,521 | $3,665,718 | $4,297,338 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $1,193,050 | $1,351,515 | $1,189,635 |
| ^ | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
If the Adviser were prohibited from performing any of its services for the Trust under the Advisory Contract or the Operational Support Services Agreement, it is expected that the Board would recommend to the Funds’ shareholders that they approve new agreements with another entity or entities qualified to perform such services and selected by the Board.
The investment advisory services of the Adviser provided to the Funds are not exclusive under the terms of the Advisory Contract. The Adviser is free to and does render investment advisory services to others.
The Trust and the Adviser have each received an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to enter into new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with certain unaffiliated subadvisers with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. This authority is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that the Trustees (including a majority of Independent Trustees) of the Trust must approve any new or amended agreements with subadvisers. In accordance with the exemptive order received from the SEC, an information statement providing details about the appointment of the new subadviser will be mailed to shareholders within 90 days of the change in subadviser. Shareholders will also receive an information statement describing material changes to a sub-advisory contract between the Adviser and a subadviser within 90 days of the material change. The Adviser remains responsible for the performance of each Fund, oversees subadvisers to ensure compliance with each Fund’s investment policies and guidelines, and monitors each subadviser’s adherence to its investment style and performance results in order to recommend any changes in a subadviser to the Board.
In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of the Government Money Market Fund, receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that the Government Money Market Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
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None of the Funds covered by this SAI currently uses the services of a subadviser.
DISTRIBUTION PLANS-CLASS A, CLASS C, AND CLASS D SHARES ONLY
The Trust has adopted Distribution Plans (the “Distribution Plans”) with respect to the Class A Shares (the “Class A Plan”), the Class C Shares (the “Class C Plan”), and the Class D Shares (the “Class D Plan”) of the Funds. The Distribution Plans provide that they may not be amended to increase materially the costs which the Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class D Shares may bear pursuant to the Class A Plan, Class C Plan or Class D Plan without approval by shareholders of the Class A Shares, Class C Shares or Class D Shares, respectively, and that any material amendments of the Distribution Plans must be approved by the Board, and by the Independent Trustees of the Trust that have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plans or in any related agreement (“Qualified Trustees”), by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such amendments. The selection and nomination of the Qualified Trustees has been committed to the discretion of the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Plans have been approved, and are subject to annual approval, by the Board and by the Qualified Trustees, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Distribution Plans. The Board approved the Distribution Plans to stimulate sales of shares of the Funds in the face of competition from a variety of other investment companies and financial products. In approving the Distribution Plans, the Board considered the potential advantages to shareholders of the Funds of continued growth of the asset bases of the Funds (including greater liquidity, more investment flexibility and possible achievement of greater economies of scale). In adopting the Class A Plan, Class C Plan and Class D Plan, the Trustees considered alternative methods to distribute the Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class D Shares and to reduce each class’ expense ratio. The Trustees concluded that there was a reasonable likelihood that each Distribution Plan will benefit the respective class and that class’ shareholders. The Distribution Plans are terminable with respect to the Class A Shares, Class C Shares or Class D Shares at any time by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by vote of the holders of a majority of that class.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of distribution fees incurred by each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019^ | 2018^ | 2017^ |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $0 | $0 | $214 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $0 | $0 | $0 |
| ^ | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Distributor, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, is a member of FINRA. The Distributor’s address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101. Foreside serves as distributor to the Funds under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust (the “Distribution Agreement”). Unless otherwise terminated, the Distribution Agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if, as to each Fund, such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of those members of the Board who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the vote of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund. Under the terms of the Distribution Agreement, Foreside acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Adviser, Citi, or any of their affiliates. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The
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Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
Foreside has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement with the Adviser in connection with Foreside’s services as distributor of the Funds pursuant to which the Adviser undertakes to pay Foreside amounts owed to Foreside under the terms of the Distribution Agreement to the extent that the Funds are not otherwise authorized to make such payments. The payments made by the Adviser to the Distributor do not represent an additional expense to a Fund or its shareholders.
Pursuant to the Distribution Plans adopted by the Trust, the Distributor is reimbursed by the Funds monthly for costs and expenses incurred by the Distributor in connection with the distribution of Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class D Shares of the Funds and for the provision of certain shareholder services with respect to these Shares. Payments to the Distributor are for various types of activities, including: (1) payments to broker-dealers which advise shareholders regarding the purchase, sale or retention of Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class D Shares of the Funds and which provide shareholders with personal services and account maintenance services (“service fees”), (2) payments to employees of the Distributor, and (3) printing and advertising expenses. Pursuant to the Class A and Class D Plans, the amount of the Distributor’s reimbursement from a Fund may not exceed, on an annual basis, 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund represented by Class A Shares and Class D Shares, respectively, outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. Pursuant to the Class C Plan, such payments by the Distributor to broker-dealers may be in amounts on an annual basis of up to 0.75% of a Fund’s average daily net assets as presented by Class C Shares outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. The aggregate fees paid to the Distributor pursuant to the Distribution Plans, and to shareholder servicing agents (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan (as discussed below), will not exceed, on an annual basis, 0.60%, 1.00%, 0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05% and 0.10%, of a Fund’s average daily net assets represented by Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares, respectively, outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. Salary expenses of Foreside personnel who are responsible for marketing shares of the various series of the Trust may be allocated to such series on the basis of average net assets; travel expenses are allocated to, or divided among, the particular series for which they are incurred. The distribution fees collected from the Funds by Foreside are used to pay commissions for the sale of Fund shares.
The Funds are not liable for distribution and shareholder servicing expenditures made by the Distributor in any given year in excess of the maximum amount payable under the Distribution Plans in that year.
Payments to Financial Intermediaries
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, provide compensation, which may be significant, to selected financial intermediaries to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Funds (“Payments”). These arrangements are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” arrangements. Since these Payments are made out of the resources of the Adviser and/or its affiliates, they do not represent an additional charge to the Funds or their shareholders. Accordingly, these Payments are not reflected in the fee and expense tables in the Prospectus. In addition, these Payments do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund receives as proceeds from such purchases. These Payments are in addition to commissions and 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates make these Payments primarily to compensate financial intermediaries for, among other things: marketing shares of the Funds, which may consist of Payments relating to the inclusion of the Funds on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs from time to
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time sponsored by the financial intermediaries; educational programs; scheduled interactions with the financial intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences or seminars; provision of training and educational programs; marketing support fees for providing assistance in promoting the sale of Fund shares; and/or other specified and relevant services intended to assist in the sale, distribution, and/or servicing of Fund shares. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Funds.
In addition, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, make Payments (including through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements) for sub-accounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the transfer agent, shareholder administration, servicing and processing fees paid by the Funds. These Payments may exceed amounts earned on these assets by the Adviser and/or its affiliates for the performance of these or similar services.
Generally, the Adviser and/or its affiliates negotiate the amount of Payments on an individual basis with each financial intermediary. In determining the amount of Payments to be made, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary; the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary; the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds; the nature and scope of services provided by the financial intermediary; and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds along with any other relevant factor that the Funds deem appropriate. Historically, these Payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. Typically, the annual Payments to a financial intermediary are not expected to exceed 0.25% of a Fund’s average net assets. The Adviser and/or its affiliates expect to periodically determine the advisability of continuing these Payments.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Adviser and/or its affiliates made Payments, related to 2019, out of their own assets to approximately 21 financial intermediaries, totaling approximately $5.2 million (excluding Payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements and certain other types of Payments described below), with respect to all funds of the Trust (including the Funds in this SAI). During this time, the Adviser has also made similar payments to its affiliates.
Periodically, and where appropriate, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries. Thus, the number of financial intermediaries that receive Payments is subject to change at any time without notice.
From time to time, and subject to applicable regulations, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may also be involved in cash and non-cash compensation arrangements with financial intermediaries to promote the sale of Fund shares in the form of, for example: occasional gifts; occasional meals, tickets or other entertainment; and/or sponsorship support of regional or national events. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations and other legal requirements, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay costs and expenses associated with these efforts (e.g., travel, lodging, entertainment and meals). Other compensation may also be offered from time to time to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state laws or FINRA regulations. This compensation is not included in, and is made in addition to, the Payments described above.
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The Adviser and/or its affiliates may be incentivized to make Payments since they promote the sale and retention of Fund shares to clients of the financial intermediaries. When financial intermediaries sell or retain more shares of the Funds, the Adviser and/or its affiliates benefit from the incremental management and other fees paid by the Funds with respect to those assets.
The compensation or reimbursement received by financial intermediaries through commissions, sales charges, fees payable from the Funds, and/or revenue sharing arrangements may be more or less than the overall compensation or reimbursement on similar or other products and may influence your financial intermediary to introduce and recommend the Funds over other similar investment options. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, this compensation or reimbursement creates a conflict of interest for financial intermediaries as they may have a financial incentive for recommending a Fund (or a particular share class of a Fund) over another investment.
Although a Fund may use financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund and the Adviser will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing financial intermediaries to effect those transactions.
Shareholders may obtain more information about these arrangements, including the conflicts of interests that such arrangements create, from their financial intermediaries and should so inquire if they would like additional information. Shareholders are encouraged to ask their financial intermediary how their respective financial intermediary will be compensated for investments made in the Funds.
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although costumers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 Plan is effective. However, the Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
ADMINISTRATOR AND SUB-ADMINISTRATOR
Pursuant to an Administration Services Agreement, the Adviser serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Services Agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”), the Administrator has retained Citi, whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219, as sub-administrator (the “Sub-Administrator”). Citi served as the administrator (rather than sub-administrator) through June 30, 2006. Management and administrative services of the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space, equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also provides the Funds with various other services, which include certain regulatory and compliance services, as well as fund accounting services. The Administrator and Citi provide certain persons satisfactory to the Board to serve as officers of the Trust.
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Such officers, as well as certain other employees of the Trust, may be directors, officers or employees of the Administrator, Citi or their affiliates. Citi may waive a portion of its fee.
The Administration Services Agreement was renewed for the one (1) year period ending December 31, 2020, and may be terminated upon not more than 60 days’ written notice by either party.
The administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee accrued daily and paid monthly at an annual rate of:
| $0-$10 billion | 0.0400% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0350% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0265% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0245% |
The sub-administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee payable to Citi by the Administrator on the first business day of each month, or at such times as Citi shall request, at an annual rate of:
| Up to $10 billion | 0.0200% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0150% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0065% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0045% |
The fee rate and breakpoints are determined on the basis of the aggregate average daily net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds. The total administration fee to be paid to the Administrator and Citi is allocated to each of the funds in the HSBC Family of Funds based upon its proportionate share of the aggregate net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds, and then allocated to each class of shares on a class basis.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of administration fees incurred by each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019^ | 2018^ | 2017^ |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $5,316,605 | $4,068,605 | $4,222,538 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $698,551 | $759,465 | $710,029 |
| ^ | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
TRANSFER AGENT
Under a Transfer Agency Services Agreement, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. acts as transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”) for the Trust. The Transfer Agent maintains an account for each shareholder of record, performs other transfer agency functions and acts as dividend disbursing agent for the Trust. The principal business address of DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. is 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-0953.
CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custodian Agreement, Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603, acts as the custodian of each Fund’s assets (the “Custodian”). The Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, determining income and collecting interest on each Fund’s investments, maintaining books of original entry for portfolio and fund accounting and other required books and accounts in order to calculate the daily NAV of Shares of each Fund. Securities held for each Fund may be deposited into the Federal Reserve-Treasury Department Book Entry System or the Depository Trust Company. The
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Custodian does not determine the investment policies of the Funds or decide which securities will be purchased or sold for a Fund. For its services, the Custodian receives such compensation as may from time to time be agreed upon by it and the Trust.
FUND ACCOUNTING AGENT
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also serves as fund accounting agent to each Fund. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, October 31, 2018 and October 31, 2017, the aggregate amount of fund accounting fees incurred by each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $67,107 | $68,444 | $85,721 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $57,887 | $56,921 | $74,384 |
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENTS
The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares which provides that the Trust may obtain the services of certain financial institutions and securities brokers, as Shareholder Servicing Agents that shall, as agents for their customers who purchase the Funds’ Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares, perform certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions for such customers, and may enter into agreements providing for the payment of fees for such services. The Shareholder Services Plan continues in effect indefinitely if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of both a majority of the Trustees and a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Shareholder Services Plan or in any agreement related to such Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Shareholder Services Plan may be terminated at any time by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or with respect to a particular Class of Shares by a majority vote of the outstanding voting securities of that class. The Shareholder Services Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of permitted expenses thereunder with respect to the Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares or Intermediary Service Shares without the approval of a majority of shareholders of the particular class, and may not be materially amended in any case without a vote of the majority of both the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees.
The Trust has entered into a shareholder servicing agreement (a “Shareholder Servicing Agreement”) with certain Shareholder Servicing Agents, including HSBC, pursuant to which the Shareholder Servicing Agent, as agent for its customers, among other things: answers customer inquiries regarding account status and history, the manner in which purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares of the Funds may be effected and certain other matters pertaining to the Funds; assists shareholders in designating and changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; provides necessary personnel and facilities to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records; assists in processing purchase and redemption transactions; arranges for the wiring of funds; transmits and receives funds in connection with customer orders to purchase or redeem Shares; verifies and guarantees shareholder signatures in connection with redemption orders and transfers and changes in shareholder-designated accounts; furnishes (either separately or on an integrated basis with other reports sent to a shareholder by a Shareholder Servicing Agent) monthly and year-end statements and confirmations of purchases and redemptions; transmits, on behalf of the Trust, proxy statements, annual reports, updated prospectuses and other communications from the Trust to the Funds’ shareholders; receives, tabulates and transmits to the Trust proxies executed by shareholders with respect to meetings of shareholders of the Funds or the Trust;
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and provides such other related services as the Trust or a shareholder may request. With respect to Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares, each Shareholder Servicing Agent receives a fee from the Funds for these services, which may be paid periodically, determined by a formula based upon the number of accounts serviced by such Shareholder Servicing Agent during the period for which payment is being made, the level of activity in accounts serviced by such Shareholder Servicing Agent during such period, and the expenses incurred by such Shareholder Servicing Agent.
The Trust understands that some Shareholder Servicing Agents also may impose certain conditions on their customers, subject to the terms of the Prospectus, in addition to or different from those imposed by the Trust, such as requiring a different minimum initial or subsequent investment, account fees (a fixed amount per transaction processed), compensating balance requirements (a minimum dollar amount a customer must maintain in order to obtain the services offered), or account maintenance fees (a periodic charge based on a percentage of the assets in the account or of the dividends paid on those assets). Each Servicing Agent has agreed to transmit to its customers who are holders of Shares appropriate prior written disclosure of any fees that it may charge them directly and to provide written notice at least 30 days prior to the imposition of any transaction fees. Conversely, the Trust understands that certain Shareholder Servicing Agents may credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Shareholder Servicing Agent from the Fund with respect to those accounts.
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Funds incurred the following shareholder servicing expenses:
| Fund | 2019^ | 2018^ | 2017^ |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $4,550,519 | $4,301,412 | $4,463,528 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $631,123 | $653,020 | $674,044 |
| ^ | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
FEDERAL BANKING LAW
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 repealed certain provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act that had previously restricted the ability of banks and their affiliates to engage in certain mutual fund activities. Nevertheless, HSBC Bank’s and the Adviser’s activities remain subject to, and may be limited by, applicable federal banking law and regulations. HSBC Bank and the Adviser believe that they possess the legal authority to perform the services for the Funds contemplated by the Prospectus, this SAI, and the Advisory Contract without violation of applicable statutes and regulations. If future changes in these laws and regulations were to limit the ability of HSBC Bank and the Adviser to perform these services, the Board would review the Trust’s relationship with HSBC Bank and the Adviser and consider taking all actions necessary in the circumstances, which could include recommending to shareholders the selection of another qualified adviser or, if that course of action appeared impractical, that the Funds be liquidated.
Entities that are part of banking organizations, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, are subject to extensive government regulation. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant effects, including limiting the ability of the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities, which may adversely impact a Fund. For example, the so-called “Volcker Rule” prohibits the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities. A Fund may be adversely impacted by this rule if the Adviser or its affiliates own 25% or more of a Fund’s shares outside of any seeding period permitted by the rule. These restrictions may prevent a Fund from maintaining
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sufficient seed capital and may cause the Fund to liquidate at the end of the period if the Fund is not able to achieve sufficient scale. Other restrictions, including restrictions on trading and transactions with affiliates, can also apply. Funds that are not managed by entities that are part of banking organizations are not subject to these limitations.
EXPENSES
Except for the expenses paid by the Adviser and the Distributor, the Funds bear all costs of their operations. Expenses attributable to a class (“Class Expenses”) shall be allocated to that class only. Class Expenses with respect to the Class A Shares, Class C Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares must include payments made pursuant to their respective Distribution Plan or Shareholder Services Plan. In the event a particular expense is not reasonably allocable by class or to a particular class, it shall be treated as a Fund expense or a Trust expense. Trust expenses directly related to a Fund are charged to the Fund; other expenses are allocated among the applicable series of the Trust in relation to the net assets of each Fund equally or another appropriate basis.
PROXY VOTING
The Trust has adopted Proxy Voting Policies that delegate the responsibility of voting proxies to the Adviser. In an effort to avoid conflicts of interest, the Adviser has, in turn, engaged Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) to provide proxy voting and related services and has delegated responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the Funds to ISS. A summary of ISS’ proxy voting guidelines is attached as an appendix to this SAI.
Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ending June 30, 2019 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-782-8183; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value per share (NAV) of each of the Funds is determined every hour starting at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time on each day on which U.S. bond markets are open for trading (a “Money Market Business Day’’). The final NAV is determined at 5:00 p.m. Eastern time for the Government Money Market Fund and at 2:00 p.m. Eastern time for the U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund. The Funds reserve the right to amend the times at which they determine NAV, or to determine NAV more or less frequently. An order for shares of any Fund received in good order on a Money Market Business Day prior to the last determination of the NAV for that Fund will receive the dividend declared for the Fund on that Money Market Business Day. An order for shares of a Fund received in good order on a Money Market Business Day after the last NAV determination for that Fund will be effected at the first NAV determined on the next Money Market Business Day, and will start earning dividends on that Money Market Business Day.
In the event the Board deems it necessary to establish NAVs for one or more Funds by utilizing available market quotations instead of the amortized cost method, the Board may discontinue the hourly calculation of NAVs for one or more Funds, in favor of a once-daily NAV calculation. In such circumstances, the NAV for the Funds would be determined daily at 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the Government Money Market Fund and at 2:00 p.m. Eastern Time for the U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund, until such time as the Board determines to reinstate the hourly NAV calculations. It is anticipated that the NAV of each class of shares will remain constant at $1.00, although no assurance can be given that the net asset value will remain constant on a continuing basis.
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The Trust uses the amortized cost method to determine the value of each Fund’s portfolio securities pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act. The amortized cost method involves valuing an obligation at its cost and amortizing any discount or premium over the period until maturity, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the security. During these periods, the yield to a shareholder may differ somewhat from that which could be obtained from a similar fund which utilizes a method of valuation based upon market prices. Thus, during periods of declining interest rates, if the use of the amortized cost method resulted in a lower value of a Fund’s portfolio on a particular day, a prospective investor in the Fund would be able to obtain a somewhat higher yield than would result from an investment in a fund utilizing solely market values, and existing Fund shareholders would receive correspondingly less income. The converse would apply during periods of rising interest rates.
Rule 2a-7 provides that, in order to value its portfolio using the amortized cost method, a Fund must maintain a dollar-weighted average portfolio maturity of 60 days or less and a dollar-weighted average portfolio life of 120 days or less (as calculated in accordance with Rule 2a-7) and only purchase securities having remaining maturities of (or deemed maturities of) 397 days or less, which are determined by the Trust’s Board to be of high quality with minimal credit risks. Pursuant to Rule 2a-7, the Board has established procedures designed to stabilize, to the extent reasonably possible, the price per share of the Fund, as computed for the purpose of sales and redemptions, at $1.00. Such procedures include review of a Fund’s portfolio holdings by the Board to determine whether the NAV of the Fund calculated by using available market quotations deviates from the $1.00 per share valuation based on amortized cost. The extent of any deviation is examined by the Board. If such deviation exceeds $0.050, the Board will promptly consider what action, if any, will be initiated. In the event the Board determines that a deviation exists which may result in material dilution or other unfair results to investors or existing shareholders, the Board will take such corrective action as it regards as necessary and appropriate, which may include suspending redemptions in order to liquidate a Fund in an orderly manner, selling portfolio instruments prior to maturity to realize capital gains or losses or to shorten average portfolio maturity, withholding part or all of dividends or establishing a NAV per share by using available market quotations.
Subject to the Trust’s compliance with applicable regulations, the Trust on behalf of each Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption or repurchase price of shares, either totally or partially, by a distribution in kind of portfolio securities (instead of cash), as applicable. The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the shares being sold. If a shareholder received a distribution in kind, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
Shares may be purchased through the Funds, Shareholder Servicing Agents or Securities Brokers (as defined below). Class A Shares and Class Y Shares of the Funds are continuously offered for sale at NAV (normally $1.00 per share) with no front-end sales charge to the public, and to customers of securities brokers that have entered into a dealer agreement with the Distributor (“Securities Brokers”) or a financial institution, including a federal or state-chartered bank, trust company or savings and loan association, that has entered into a Shareholder Servicing Agreement with the Trust or the Distributor (together with Securities Brokers, “Servicing Agents”). Class Y Shares are subject to certain minimum investment requirements, as are Class E, Intermediary Shares, Intermediary Service Shares and Class I Shares. Class E shares are offered primarily for investments through portal providers, intermediaries (anyone facilitating the purchase of the Funds by their clients), and institutional direct clients, if they meet the minimum investment. Class I Shares are offered primarily for direct investment by institutional investors. In addition, investment companies and products advised by the Adviser or its affiliates, employees of the Adviser, and members of the Board are eligible to invest in Class I Shares. Class D shares are similar to Class A shares, except that Class D shares are offered to clients of the Adviser and its
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affiliates and are subject to lower operating expenses. Intermediary Shares and Intermediary Service Shares are offered primarily through intermediaries and bank sweep programs.
Class C Shares of the Funds are not offered for sale but are only offered as an exchange option for Class C shareholders of the Trust’s other investment portfolios who wish to exchange some or all of those Class C shares for Class C Shares of the Funds. Although Class C Shares of the Funds are not subject to a sales charge when a shareholder exchanges Class C shares of another Trust portfolio for Class C Shares of the Fund, they may be subject to a contingent deferred sales charge when they are redeemed. See “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (“CDSC”) — Class C Shares” below. Class C Shares are also available to customers or HSBC sweep programs.
An order to purchase shares of the Funds that is received in good order prior to the close of business on a Money Market Business Day is effected on that day at the next determined NAV per share. Shares purchased earn dividends from and including the day the purchase is effected. The Trust intends the Funds to be as fully invested at all times as is reasonably practicable in order to enhance the yield on its assets. Each Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker is responsible for and required to promptly forward orders for Shares to the Fund’s transfer agent.
While there is no sales load on purchases of shares, the Distributor may receive fees from the Funds. See “Management of the Trust” and “The Distributor” above. Other funds which have investment objectives similar to those of the Funds but which do not pay some or all of such fees from their assets may offer a higher yield.
All purchase payments are invested in full and fractional Shares. The Trust reserves the right to cease offering shares for sale at any time or to reject any order for the purchase of Shares.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of the Funds may exchange some or all of his Shares for shares of a corresponding class of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of a Fund may exchange some or all of his Shares at NAV without a sales charge for Shares of the same class offered with the same or lower sales charge by another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. Exchanges for Shares with a higher sales charge may be made upon payment of the sales charge differential.
An investor will receive Class A Shares of the Money Market Funds in exchange for Class A Shares of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds, unless the investor is eligible to receive Class D Shares of the Money Market Funds, in which case the investor may receive Class D Shares of a Money Market Fund in exchange for such Class A Shares. Class D Shares may be exchanged for Class D Shares of other Money Market Funds. Class C Shares may be exchanged for shares of the same class of one or more of the Money Market Funds or other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds at NAV. Class E Shares, Intermediary Shares, Intermediary Service Shares, Class I Shares and Class Y Shares may be exchanged for a corresponding class of the Money Market Funds or exchanged for Class I Shares of non-money market funds within the HSBC Family of Funds at NAV without a front-end sales charge provided that the amount to be exchanged meets the applicable minimum investment requirements. In each case, the exchange is conditioned upon being made in states where it is legally authorized. Exchanges of Class A Shares for Class A Shares of one or more funds within the HSBC Family of Funds may be made upon payment of the applicable sales charge, unless previously paid or otherwise exempt. Shareholders of Class A Shares and Class D Shares of the Funds who were shareholders as of December 31, 1997 will be grandfathered with respect to the funds within the HSBC Family of Funds and will be exempt from
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having to pay a sales charge on any new purchases of Class A Shares or Class D Shares of the Funds. An exchange of Class C Shares will not affect the holding period of the Class C Shares for purposes of determining the CDSC, if any, upon redemption. An exchange may result in a change in the number of Shares held, but not in the value of such Shares immediately after the exchange. Each exchange involves the redemption of the Shares to be exchanged and the purchase of the shares of the other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds, which may produce a gain or loss for tax purposes.
The exchange privilege (or any aspect of it) may be changed or discontinued upon 60 days written notice to shareholders and is available only to shareholders in states in which such exchanges may be legally made. A shareholder considering an exchange should obtain and read the prospectus of the other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds into which the exchange will be made and consider the differences in investment objectives and policies before making any exchange.
An exchange is considered a sale of shares and may result in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. A shareholder wishing to exchange his or her Shares may do so by contacting the Trust at 800-782-8183, by contacting his or her broker-dealer or by providing written instruction to the Trust.
IN-KIND PURCHASES
The Trust, in its discretion, may permit purchases of Fund shares by means of in-kind contributions of portfolio securities under certain circumstances. An in-kind contribution must be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Funds as described in the Prospectus. In connection with an in-kind securities purchase, the Funds will require, among other things, that the securities be valued in the same manner as they would be valued for purposes of computing a Fund’s NAV; that the Funds receive satisfactory assurances that they will have good and marketable title to the securities received by them; and that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Funds. In addition, the Funds generally will not accept securities of any issuer unless they are liquid, have a readily ascertainable market value, and are not subject to restrictions on resale.
The Funds will not be liable for any brokerage commission or fee (except for customary transfer fees) in connection with an in-kind purchase of Fund shares. Your broker may impose a fee in connection with processing your in-kind purchase of Fund shares. An investor contemplating an in-kind purchase of Fund shares should consult his or her tax adviser to determine the tax consequences under Federal and state law of making such a purchase.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
The Trust offers a plan for regularly investing specified dollar amounts ($25.00 minimum in monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual intervals) in the Funds. If an Automatic Investment Plan is selected, subsequent investments will be automatic and will continue until such time as the Trust and the investor’s bank are notified to discontinue further investments. Due to the varying procedures to prepare, process and to forward bank withdrawal information to the Trust, there may be a delay between the time of the bank withdrawal and the time the money reaches the Funds. The investment in the Funds will be made at the NAV per share determined on the day that both the check and the bank withdrawal data are received in required form by the Fund’s transfer agent. Further information about the Automatic Investment Plan may be obtained from Citi at the telephone number listed under “Shareholder Inquiries.”
For further information on how to purchase Shares, an investor should contact the Funds directly at HSBC Funds, PO Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183.
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PURCHASES THROUGH A SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT OR A SECURITIES BROKER
Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers, if applicable, may offer services to their customers, including specialized procedures for the purchase and redemption of Shares, such as pre-authorized or automatic purchase and redemption programs and “sweep” checking programs. Each Shareholder Servicing Agent and Securities Broker may establish its own terms, conditions and charges, including limitations on the amounts of transactions, with respect to such services. Charges for these services may include fixed annual fees, account maintenance fees and minimum account balance requirements. The effect of any such fees will be to reduce the net return on the investment of customers of that Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker. Conversely, certain Servicing Agents may (although they are not required by the Trust to do so) credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Servicing Agent from the Funds, which will have the effect of increasing the net return on the investment of such customers of those Servicing Agents.
Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers may transmit purchase payments on behalf of their customers by wire directly to the Funds’ custodian bank by following the procedures described above.
For further information on how to direct a Securities Broker, if applicable, or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to purchase Shares, an investor should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
CONVERSION FEATURE — CLASS C SHARES
Class C Shares of the Fund will convert automatically to Class A Shares of the same Fund (or Class D Shares, depending on your eligibility), after five years from the beginning of the calendar month in which the Class C Shares were originally purchased. After conversion, the shares will be subject to the lower distribution and shareholder servicing fees charged on Class A Shares (or Class D Shares) which will increase the shareholder’s investment return compared to the Class C Shares. A shareholder will not pay any sales charge or fees when his or her shares convert, nor will the transaction be subject to any tax. If an investor purchased Class C Shares of one fund which he or she exchanged for Class C Shares of another fund, the holding period will be calculated from the time of the original purchase of Class C Shares. The dollar value of Class A Shares (or Class D Shares) the investor receives will equal the dollar value of the Class C Shares converted.
LEVEL LOAD ALTERNATIVE — CLASS C SHARES
Class C Shares of the Funds are available only by exchanging the Class C Shares of other HSBC Funds. If an investor exchanges Class C Shares of other HSBC Funds for Class C Shares of the Funds and wishes to sell his or her shares, the redemption may be subject to a 1.00% CDSC if the shares are redeemed less than one year after the original purchase of the Class C Shares. The CDSC will be assessed on the lesser of the current NAV or the NAV at the time of purchase.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
A shareholder may redeem all or any portion of the Shares in his account at any time at the NAV per share (normally $1.00 per share for the Funds) next calculated after a redemption request is received in good order by the Transfer Agent, with respect to Shares purchased directly through the Funds, or by his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent, if the Securities Broker or Shareholder Servicing Agent is authorized to receive orders for Fund shares on behalf of the Funds. Class A Shares, Class D Shares, Class E Shares, Class I Shares, Intermediary Shares, Intermediary Service Shares and Class Y
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Shares may be redeemed without charge while Class C Shares may be subject to a CDSC. See “Level Load Alternative — Class C Shares” above. See “Determination of Net Asset Value” above.
Except as otherwise set forth in the Prospectus, the proceeds of a redemption are normally paid from the Funds in U.S. dollars within one business day following the date on which the redemption is effected. The Funds may suspend the right of redemption and postpone for more than one day the date of payment upon redemption: (i) during periods in which there is a non-routine closure of the Fedwire or applicable Federal Reserve Banks, (ii) during periods when the New York Stock Exchange is closed other than for weekends and certain holidays or when trading on such Exchange is restricted, (iii) during periods in which, as a result of emergency, disposal, or evaluation of the NAV of the portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable, (iv) during periods in which the SEC has, by rule or regulation, deemed that trading shall be restricted or an emergency exists, (v) in certain circumstances when there has been a determination to liquidate a Fund, or (vi) for such other periods as the SEC may permit for your protection. To be in a position to eliminate excessive expenses, the Trust reserves the right to redeem upon not less than 30 days notice all Shares in an account which has a value below $50.00, provided that such involuntary redemptions will not result from fluctuations in the value of Fund Shares. A shareholder will be allowed to make additional investments prior to the date fixed for redemption to avoid liquidation of the account.
Unless Shares have been purchased directly from the Funds, a shareholder may redeem Shares only by authorizing his Securities Broker, if applicable, or his Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem such Shares on his behalf (since the account and records of such a shareholder are established and maintained by his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent). For further information as to how to direct a Securities Broker or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem Shares, a shareholder should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
The Board has adopted procedures that provide that redemptions by shareholders may be satisfied by the distribution of portfolio securities in-kind, reflecting the shareholder’s proportionate interest in the relevant Fund, subject to certain adjustments.
Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of any redemption proceeds in-kind. However, the Funds have made an election pursuant to Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act to redeem shares of each Fund solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. The Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of other redemptions by a distribution of portfolio securities in kind from the applicable Fund’s portfolio. The securities distributed in kind would be valued at the same value as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV of the shares being redeemed. In the event a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities, it would be the responsibility of the shareholder to dispose of the securities. The shareholder would be subject to the risks that the value of the securities would decline prior to their sale, that it would be difficult to sell the securities, and that brokerage fees could be incurred.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
Any shareholder who owns Shares with an aggregate value of $10,000 or more may establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan under which he redeems at NAV the number of full and fractional shares which will produce the monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments specified (minimum $50.00 per payment). Depending on the amounts withdrawn, systematic withdrawals may deplete the investor’s principal. Investors contemplating participation in the Systematic Withdrawal Plan should consult their tax advisors. No additional charge to the shareholder is made for this service.
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REDEMPTION OF SHARES PURCHASED DIRECTLY THROUGH THE FUNDS
Redemption by Letter. Redemptions may be made by letter to the Transfer Agent specifying the dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed, account number and the Fund. The letter must be signed in exactly the same way the account is registered (if there is more than one owner of the Shares, all must sign). In connection with a written redemption request, all signatures of all registered owners or authorized parties must be guaranteed by an Eligible Guarantor Institution, which includes a domestic bank, broker, dealer, credit union, national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency or savings association. The Transfer Agent, however, may reject redemption instructions if the guarantor is neither a member nor a participant in a signature guarantee program (currently known as “STAMP,” “SEMP,” or “NYSE MSP”). Corporations, partnerships, trusts or other legal entities may be required to submit additional documentation.
Redemption by Wire or Telephone. An investor may redeem shares of the Funds by wire or by telephone if he has checked the appropriate box on the Purchase Application or has filed a Telephone Authorization Form with the Trust. These redemptions may be paid from the Funds by wire or by check. The Trust reserves the right to refuse telephone wire redemptions and may limit the amount involved or the number of telephone redemptions. The telephone redemption procedure may be modified or discontinued at any time by the Trust. Instructions for wire redemptions are set forth in the Purchase Application. The Trust employs reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. For instance, the following information must be verified by the shareholder or Securities Broker at the time a request for a telephone redemption is effected: (1) shareholder’s account number; (2) shareholder’s social security number; and (3) name and account number of shareholder’s designated Securities Broker or bank. If the Trust fails to follow these or other established procedures, it may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions.
CHECK REDEMPTION SERVICE
Shareholders may redeem Class A Shares or Class D Shares of the Funds by means of a Check Redemption Service. If Class A Shares or Class D Shares are held in book credit form and the Check Redemption Service has been elected on the Purchase Application on file with the Trust, redemptions of shares may be made by using redemption checks provided by the Trust. There is no charge for this service. Checks must be written for amounts of $250 or more, may be payable to anyone and negotiated in the normal way. If more than one shareholder owns the Class A Shares or Class D Shares, all must sign the check unless an election has been made to require only one signature on checks and that election has been filed with the Trust.
Class A Shares and Class D Shares represented by a redemption check continue to earn daily dividends until the check clears the banking system. When honoring a redemption check, the Trust causes the redemption of exactly enough full and fractional Class A Shares and Class D Shares of the Funds from an account to cover the amount of the check. The Check Redemption Services may be terminated at any time by the Trust.
If the Check Redemption Service is requested for an account in the name of a corporation or other institution, additional documents must be submitted with the application, i.e., corporations (Certification of Corporate Resolution), partnerships (Certification of Partnership) and trusts (Certification of Trustees). In addition, since the share balance of the Fund account is changing on a daily basis, the total value of the Fund account cannot be determined in advance and the Fund account cannot be closed or entirely redeemed by check.
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RETIREMENT PLANS
Class D Shares of the Funds are offered in connection with tax-deferred retirement plans. Application forms and further information about these plans, including applicable fees, are available from the Trust or the Distributor upon request. The tax law governing tax-deferred retirement plans is complex and changes frequently. Before investing in the Funds through one or more of these plans, an investor should consult his or her tax advisor.
INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS (“IRAs”)
The shares may be used as a funding medium for an IRA. An Internal Revenue Service-approved IRA plan may be available from an investor’s Shareholder Servicing Agent. The minimum initial investment for an IRA is $250; the minimum subsequent investment is $100. In general, IRAs are available to individuals who receive compensation or earned income and their spouses whether or not they are active participants in a tax-qualified or Government-approved retirement plan. In general, an IRA contribution by an individual who participates, or whose spouse participates, in a tax-qualified or Government-approved retirement plan may not be deductible, in whole or in part, depending upon the individual’s income. Individuals also may establish an IRA to receive a “rollover” contribution of distributions from another IRA or a qualified plan. Tax advice should be obtained before planning a rollover or determining contribution limits.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS
Investors who are self-employed may purchase shares of the Funds for retirement plans for self-employed persons who are known as defined contribution plans (formerly Keogh or H.R. 10 Plans). HSBC offers a prototype plan for money purchase and profit sharing defined contribution plans. The rules governing these plans are complex, and a tax advisor should be consulted.
SECTION 457 PLAN, 401(k) PLAN, 403(b) PLAN
The Funds may be used as an investment vehicle for certain deferred compensation plans provided for by Section 457 of the Code with respect to service for state governments, local governments, rural electric cooperatives and political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, tax-exempt organizations and certain affiliates of such entities. The Funds may also be used as an investment vehicle for both 401(k) plans and 403(b) plans.
DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
The Trust declares all of each Fund’s net investment income daily as a dividend to Fund shareholders. Dividends substantially equal to each Fund’s net investment income earned during the month are distributed in that month to the Fund’s shareholders of record. Generally, a Fund’s net investment income consists of the interest and dividend income it earns, less expenses. In computing interest income, premiums are not amortized nor are discounts accrued on long-term debt securities in the Funds, except as required for federal income tax purposes.
Shares begin accruing dividends on the day they are purchased. Dividends are distributed monthly. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends in cash (subject to the policies of the shareholder’s Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker), dividends are distributed in the form of additional shares of the Funds at the rate of one share (and fraction thereof) of the Fund for each one dollar (and fraction thereof) of dividend income.
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Each Fund’s net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed to shareholders annually. Additional distributions are also made to each Fund’s shareholders to the extent necessary to avoid application of the 4% non-deductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed income and net capital gains of regulated investment companies. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends in cash, dividends are distributed in the form of additional shares of the Funds (purchased at their NAV without a sales charge).
For this purpose, the net income of the Funds (from the time of the immediately preceding determination thereof) consists of (i) all income accrued, less the amortization of any premium, on the assets of the Funds, less (ii) all actual and accrued expenses determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Interest income includes discount earned (including both original issue and market discount) on discount paper accrued ratably to the date of maturity and any net realized gains or losses on the assets of the Funds. Obligations held in a Fund’s portfolio are valued at amortized cost, which the Trustees of the Trust have determined in good faith constitutes fair value for the purposes of complying with the 1940 Act. This method provides certainty in valuation, but may result in periods during which the stated value of an obligation held for a Fund is higher or lower than the price the Fund would receive if the obligation were sold. This valuation method will continue to be used until such time as the Trustees of the Trust determine that it does not constitute fair value for such purposes.
Since the net income of the Funds is declared as a dividend each time the net income of the Funds is determined, the NAV per share of the Funds is expected to remain at $1.00 per share immediately after each such determination and dividend declaration. Any increase in the value of a shareholder’s investment in the Funds, representing the reinvestment of dividend income, is reflected by an increase in the number of Shares in his account.
It is expected that the Funds will have a positive net income at the time of each determination thereof. If, for any reason, the net income of the Funds determined at any time is a negative amount, which could occur, for instance, upon default by an issuer of an obligation held in a Fund’s portfolio, the negative amount with respect to each shareholder account would first be offset from the dividends declared during the month with respect to each such account. If and to the extent that such negative amount exceeds such declared dividends at the end of the month, the number of outstanding Fund shares would be reduced by treating each shareholder as having contributed to the capital of the Fund that number of full and fractional shares in the account of such shareholder which represents his proportion of the amount of such excess. Each shareholder will be deemed to have agreed to such contribution in these circumstances by his investment in the Funds. Thus, the NAV per share is expected to be maintained at a constant $1.00.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001 per share) and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. Currently, the Trust has 8 operational series of shares, each of which constitutes a separately managed “Fund.” The Trust reserves the right to create additional series of shares. Currently, the Funds issue separate classes of shares as described under “General Information.”
Subject to the distinctions permitted among classes of the Trust or any series as established by the Trustees consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act, each share of the Trust or any series shall represent an equal beneficial interest in the net assets of the Trust or such series, and each shareholder of the Trust or any series shall be entitled to receive such shareholder’s pro rata share of distributions of income and capital gains, if any, made with respect to the Trust or such series. Upon redemption of the shares of any series, the applicable shareholder shall be paid solely out of the funds and property of such
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series of the Trust. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
The Trustees may require shareholders to redeem shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees. When issued, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain transfer agency, servicing or similar agent charges by setting off such charges due from such shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such shareholder.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held on matters on which they are entitled to vote (and a proportionate fractional vote for each fraction of a share). The Trust is not required and has no current intention to hold annual meetings of shareholders, although the Trust will hold special meetings of Fund shareholders when in the judgment of the Trustees of the Trust it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. It is not anticipated that the Trust will hold shareholders’ meetings unless required by law or its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or By-Laws. On any matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, all shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted in aggregate, except: (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares shall be voted by individual series or class; (ii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more series, then only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon; and (iii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more classes, then only the shareholders of such class or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. Accordingly, shareholders of each series generally vote separately, for example, to approve investment advisory contracts or changes in fundamental investment policies or restrictions, but shareholders of all series may vote together to the extent required under the 1940 Act, such as in the election or selection of Trustees, principal underwriters and accountants for the Trust. Under certain circumstances, the shareholders of one or more series could control the outcome of these votes.
Shares of each class of a series represent an equal pro rata interest in such series and, generally, have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, powers, terms and conditions, except that: (i) each class shall have a different designation; (ii) each class of shares shall bear any class expenses; and (iii) each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class. Upon liquidation or dissolution of a Fund, shareholders of the Fund would generally be entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund’s available for distribution to shareholders.
The shareholders of the Funds have the power to vote only: (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as and to the extent provided in the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust; (ii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by federal law including the 1940 Act, or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) or any state; and (iii) as the Trustees may otherwise consider necessary or desirable in their sole discretion.
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a “Delaware statutory trust.” Under Delaware law and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of corporations organized under Delaware law. Therefore, shareholders generally will not be subject to personal liability for Fund obligations. The risk that a shareholder will incur personal liability for Fund obligations is limited to the circumstances in which a state court may not apply Delaware law or the terms of the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
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OWNERSHIP OF THE FUNDS
As of February 3, 2020, the following persons owned of record 5% or more of a Fund or class of shares:
| Fund/Class | Percent of the Class
Total Assets Held by the Shareholder | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Class A | ||
| Ascensus Trust Company* P.O. Box 10758 Fargo, ND 58106-0758 |
62.08% | |
| Ascensus Trust Company P.O. Box 10758 Fargo, ND 58106-0758 |
18.63% | |
| Pershing LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
11.67% | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Class D | ||
| Pershing LLC* Attn Cash Management Services 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
70.68% | |
| FTCI As Agent REV P.O. Box 3199 Church Street Station New York, NY 1008-3199 |
10.19% | |
| HSBC Bank USA 452 5th Ave., 2nd Floor New York, NY 10018-2333 |
8.67% | |
| HSBC Bank USA NA 452 Fifth Ave., Tower 6 New York, NY 10018 |
5.69% | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Class I | ||
| Hare & Co 2 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 |
9.22% |
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| Charles Schwab & Co. Inc. 211 Main Street San Francisco, CA 94105-1905 |
6.19% | |
| J.P. Morgan Chase Bank, N.A. 4 Chase Metrotech Center, Floor 3 Brooklyn, NY 11245-0003 |
5.84% | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Class Y | ||
| HSBC Bank USA* 452 5th Ave., 2nd Floor New York, NY 10018-2333 |
46.77% | |
| HSBC Bank USA* 452 5th Ave., 2nd Floor New York, NY 10018-2333 |
37.34% | |
| CA Inc. One CA Plaza Islandia, NY 11749-5303 |
10.33% | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Intermediary Service Share Class | ||
| HSBC Custon House Plaza, Block 6 Internationation Financial Svcs Ctr P.O. Box 6639 Dublin, Ireland |
24.33% | |
| HSBC Bank USA National Association Corporate Trust and Loan Agency Control Unit 452 5TH Ave, 8E6 New York, NY 10018 |
16.45% | |
| HSBC 70 N 2nd Street San Jose, CA 95113-1204 |
13.65% | |
| HSBC 555 Paper Mill Road Newark, DE 19711-7513 |
12.17% | |
| Union Bank TR Nominee 530 B Street, Suite 222 San Diego, CA 92101-4498 |
10.24% |
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| Band & Co. C/O US Bank NA P.O. Box 1787 Milwaukee, WI 53201-1787 |
7.80% | |
| HSBC 920 Explorer Blvd. NW Huntsville, AL 35806-2808 |
7.25% | |
| HSBC 2000 Purchase St. Purchase, NY 10577-2405 |
5.54% | |
| HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund Intermediary Class | ||
| Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.* CFTC 126 Futures Customer Segregated Omnibus Account 20 S Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606-7431 |
36.44% | |
| Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc.* Customer Sequestered 20 S Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606-7431 |
25.61% | |
| Hare & Co 2B 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 |
19.44% | |
| Chicago Mercantile Exchange Inc. Member Firm Proprietary Account 20 S Wacker Drive Chicago, IL 60606-7431 |
7.87% | |
| Hare & Co 2 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 |
6.63% | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund Class D | ||
| Pershing LLC Attn Cash Management Services 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
53.06% | |
| HSBC Bank USA 452 5th Ave., 2nd Floor New York, NY 10018-2333 |
33.27% |
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| HSBC Bank USA NA 452 Fifth Ave., Tower 6 New York, NY 10018 |
12.29% | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund Class I | ||
| HSBC Bank USA* 452 Fifth Ave., Tower 6 New York, NY 10018-2333 |
21.33% | |
| Johnson & Johnson 1 Johnson and Johnson Plz New Brunswick, NJ 08933-0001 |
12.66% | |
| HSBC Global Custody Nominee UK Ltd. 8 Canada Square London E14 5HQ 205 |
12.34% | |
| Pershing LLC Attn Cash Management Services 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0001 |
8.29% | |
| Capeview Azri Fund Capeview Capital LLP Two London Bridge London SE1 9RA United Kingdom |
6.75% | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund Class Y | ||
| HSBC Bank USA* 452 5th Ave., 2nd Floor New York, NY 10018-2333 |
98.90% | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund Intermediary Service Share Class | ||
| KIMC US INC 1001 19th St. N STE 800 Arlington, VA 22209-1737 |
31.40% | |
| Scribd Inc. 460 Bryant Street, Suite 100 San Francisco, CA 94107-2595 |
29.66% |
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| HSBC 5966 La Place Ct, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008-8830 |
20.10% | |
| HSBC Bank USA National Association Corporate Trust and Loan Agency Control Unit 452 Fifth Ave, 8E6 New York, NY 10018 |
18.84% | |
| HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund Intermediary Class | ||
| Hare & Co 2B 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 |
82.8% | |
| Hare & Co 2 111 Sanders Creek Pkwy East Syracuse, NY 13057-1382 |
17.2% |
*Entity owned more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A shareholder owning of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding shares may be considered a control person and could have a more significant effect on matters presented at a shareholders’ meeting than votes of other shareholders.
TAXATION
FEDERAL INCOME TAX
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax issues concerning the Funds and their shareholders. The Funds may also be subject to state, local, foreign or other taxes not discussed below. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to address all tax issues relevant to each shareholder. Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the federal, state, foreign and other tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership or disposition of Fund shares. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. Future changes in tax laws may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders.
The Funds each intend to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, each Fund must, among other things, (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, or foreign currencies, net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), in two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses, or of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
As a regulated investment company, each Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes to shareholders, if at least 90% of the Fund’s investment company
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taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) for the taxable year is distributed (i.e., the 90% distribution requirement). The Funds intend to distribute all or substantially all of such income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax. To prevent imposition of the excise tax, each Fund must generally distribute for each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of (1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year, (2) at least 98.2% of the excess of its capital gains over capital losses for the 12-month period ending October 31 of the calendar year, and (3) all such ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed during such years.
A distribution will be treated as paid during the calendar year if it is declared by a Fund in October, November or December of that year with a record date in such month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Such distributions will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distributions are declared, rather than the calendar year in which the distributions are received.
For federal income tax purposes, the Funds are generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during subsequent taxable years. As of October 31, 2019, the Funds had the following capital loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes which may be carried forward indefinitely with the retained tax character as set forth in the table below:
| Fund | Short-Term Amount |
Long-Term Amount |
Total |
| U.S. Government Money Market Fund | $17,309 | $0 | $17,309 |
| U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund | $0 | $0 | $0 |
These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future net capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
DISTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL
Distributions of investment company taxable income generally are taxable to shareholders as ordinary income. It is not expected that such distributions will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporations or for treatment as “qualified dividend income” for individuals.
If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for federal tax treatment as a regulated investment company, all of the Fund’s net taxable investment income would (unless certain cure provisions apply) be subject to federal and, potentially, state income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders. In such event, dividend distributions (including amounts derived from interest on municipal securities) would be taxable to a Fund’s shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
The excess of long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses realized, if any, distributed and properly reported by the Funds, whether received in cash or reinvested in Funds, will generally be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares. Long-term capital gain distributions, if any, made to individuals are generally subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Distributions of any net short-term capital gains from assets held for one year or less will be taxed as ordinary income. Distributions will be subject to these capital gains rates regardless of
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how long a shareholder has held Fund shares. Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares will be taxed on the amount of such distribution and will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share received equal to the amount of the cash the shareholder could have received. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the federal tax status of distributions.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of a shareholder’s investment to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of a shareholder’s investment, reduces the shareholder’s basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to a shareholder as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.
SALE, EXCHANGE OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Upon disposition (by redemption, repurchase, sale or exchange) of Fund shares, a shareholder may realize a taxable gain or loss depending upon his basis in his shares. Realization of such a gain or loss is considered unlikely because of each Fund’s policy to attempt to maintain a $1.00 per share NAV. With respect to any gain or loss recognized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, unless a shareholder chooses to adopt a simplified “NAV method” of accounting (described below), the amount of any gain or loss and the rate of tax will depend mainly upon how much the shareholder paid for the shares, how much the shareholder sells them for, and how long the shareholder held them. In this case, any gain or loss generally will be treated as short-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder held its shares as capital assets for one year or less, and long-term capital gain or loss if the shareholder held its shares as capital assets for more than one year. The maximum individual tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains is generally 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Any loss realized on a sale or exchange of Fund shares also will be disallowed to the extent that the shares disposed of are replaced (including replacement through reinvesting of dividends and capital gain distributions in the Fund) within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.
If a shareholder elects to adopt the simplified “NAV method” of accounting, rather than compute gain or loss on every taxable sale or other disposition of shares of a Fund as described above, the shareholder would determine gain or loss based on the change in the aggregate value of its Fund shares during a computation period (such as the shareholder’s taxable year), reduced by the shareholder’s net investment (i.e., purchases minus sales) in those Fund shares during the computation period. Under the simplified “NAV method,” any resulting capital gain or loss would be reportable on a net basis and would generally be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss.
ORIGINAL ISSUE DISCOUNT/MARKET DISCOUNT
Market Discount. If a Fund purchases a debt security in the secondary market at a price lower than the stated redemption price at maturity of such debt security, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price is “market discount.” If the amount of market discount is more than a de minimis
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amount, a portion of such market discount must be included as ordinary income (not capital gain) by a Fund in respect of each taxable year in which the Fund owns an interest in such debt security and receives a principal payment on it. In particular, a Fund will be required to allocate that principal payment first to the portion of the market discount on the debt security that has accrued but has not previously been includable in income. In general, the amount of market discount that must be included for each period is equal to the lesser of (i) the amount of market discount accruing during such period (plus any accrued market discount for prior periods not previously taken into account) or (ii) the amount of the principal payment with respect to such period. Generally, market discount accrues on a daily basis for each day the debt security is held by a Fund, at a constant rate over the time remaining to the debt security’s maturity or, at the election of the Fund, at a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the semi-annual compounding of interest. Gain realized on the disposition of a market discount obligation must be recognized as ordinary interest income (not capital gain) to the extent of the “accrued market discount” not previously taken into account.
Original Issue Discount. Certain debt securities acquired by a Fund may be treated as debt securities that were originally issued at a discount. Very generally, original issue discount is defined as the difference between the price at which a security was issued and its stated redemption price at maturity. Although a Fund receives no actual cash income from such a discount, original issue discount that accrues on debt securities in a given year generally are treated for federal income tax purposes as interest and, therefore, such income would be subject to the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies. Some debt securities may be purchased by a Fund at a discount that exceeds the original issue discount on such debt securities, if any. This additional discount generally represents market discount for federal income tax purposes (see above).
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
The Trust will be required to report to the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”) all distributions by the Funds except in the case of certain exempt shareholders. All such distributions generally will be subject to withholding of federal income tax at a current rate of 24% (“backup withholding”) in the case of nonexempt shareholders if (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Funds with and to certify the shareholder’s correct taxpayer identification number or social security number, (2) the IRS notifies the shareholder or the Funds that the shareholder has failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect, or (3) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify that he is not subject to backup withholding. If the withholding provisions are applicable, any such distributions whether reinvested in additional shares or taken in cash, will be reduced by the amounts required to be withheld. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability. Investors may wish to consult their tax advisors about the applicability of the backup withholding provisions.
OTHER TAXATION
Distributions may be subject to additional state and local taxes, depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS
Taxation of a shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, foreign trust or estate, or foreign corporation (“foreign shareholder”), depends on whether the income from a Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder. If the income from a Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, ordinary income dividends (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains) will generally be
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subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the dividend. Note that the preferential rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income (discussed above) does not apply to dividends paid to foreign shareholders. Such a foreign shareholder would generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on gains realized on the sale of shares of a Fund, and distributions of net long-term capital gains that are reported as capital gain dividends. If the income from a Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and any gains realized upon the sale of shares of a Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations. If the Fund elects to report distributions of U.S. source interest and short-term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. However, depending on the circumstances, the Fund may report all, some or none of the Fund’s potentially eligible dividends as eligible for this exemption, and a portion of the Fund’s distributions (e.g. interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding.
The tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, including the applicability of the U.S. estate tax and foreign taxes.
The Funds are required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Funds to enable the Funds to determine whether withholding is required.
OTHER INFORMATION
CAPITALIZATION
The Trust is an open-end, management investment company formed as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 2, 2016. The Funds were previously series of HSBC Funds, a different legal entity organized as a Massachusetts business trust (the “Predecessor Trust”). In 2016, at a special meeting of shareholders, the shareholders of each series of the Predecessor Trust (the “Predecessor Funds”) approved the reorganization of the Predecessor Funds with and into corresponding “shell” series of the Trust. The shell series of the Trust succeeded to the accounting and performance histories of the Predecessor Funds. Any historical information provided for a Fund that relates to periods prior to June 24, 2016 is that of the corresponding Predecessor Fund.
The Predecessor Trust was a Massachusetts business trust established under a Declaration of Trust dated April 22, 1987, as a successor to two previously-existing Massachusetts business trusts, Fund Trust Tax-Free Trust (organized on July 30, 1986) and Fund Vest (organized on July 17, 1984, and since renamed Fund Source). Prior to October 3, 1994, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Fund Trust.” Prior to April 12, 2001, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Republic Funds.” Prior to February 28, 2012, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “HSBC Investor Funds.”
The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 each. The Board may establish additional series (with different investment objectives and fundamental policies) and classes of shares within each series at any time in the future. Establishment and offering of additional classes or series will not alter the rights of the Funds’ shareholders.
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board has appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust. PwC audits the Trust’s annual financial statements and prepares the Trust’s income tax returns. PwC’s address is 300 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10017.
COUNSEL
Dechert LLP, 1900 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, advises on certain legal matters in connection with the shares of the Funds offered by the Trust, and also acts as counsel to the Trust. Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2000 K Street, N.W. Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20006, acts as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Trust.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Trust, the Adviser and Citi each has adopted a code of ethics, as required by applicable law, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser and Citi from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a code). Each Code sets forth restrictions with respect to certain transactions and contains preclearance and reporting obligations.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to shares of the Funds; certain portions of which have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be obtained on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov or copies of this information may be obtained after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request, at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document which was filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Funds’ current audited financial statements dated October 31, 2019 have been audited by PwC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as indicated in its report with respect thereto, and are incorporated herein by reference from the Annual Report of the Funds dated October 31, 2019 as filed with the SEC. Copies of the report will be provided without charge to each person receiving this SAI.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
All shareholder inquiries should be directed to the Trust, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691.
GENERAL AND ACCOUNT INFORMATION: (800) 782-8183 (TOLL FREE)
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITY RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR’S
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on Standard & Poor’s analysis of the following considerations:
• Likelihood of payment – capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
• Nature of and provisions of the obligation;
• Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
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In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor’s analysis will review the following considerations:
• Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
• Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
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Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Variable Rate Demand Obligations:
Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ’SP-1+/A-1+’).
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE (“Moody’s”)
Long-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
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U.S. Municipal Short Term Obligation Ratings
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
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Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated “Not Prime” do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
FITCH, INC. (“Fitch Ratings”)
Corporate Finance Obligations – Long-Term Rating Scales
Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument.
The relationship between issuer scale and obligation scale assumes an historical average recovery of between 30%–50% on the senior, unsecured obligations of an issuer. As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or Issuer Default Rating (“IDR”).
AAA Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ denotes the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC Substantial credit risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
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CC Very high levels of credit risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Notes: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below ‘B’.
The subscript ‘emr’ is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Obligations in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F-1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F-2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F-3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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UNITED STATES
Concise Proxy Voting Guidelines
Benchmark Policy Recommendations
Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2020
Published December 11, 2019
ISSGOVERNANCE.COM
© 2019 | Institutional Shareholder Services and/or its affiliates
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The policies contained herein are a sampling only of selected key ISS U.S. proxy voting guidelines, and are not intended to be exhaustive. The complete guidelines can be found at:
https://www.issgovernance.com/policy-gateway/voting-policies/
Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new nominees1 considered on case-by-case basis): |
Independence
Vote against2 or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and Non-Independent Non-Executive Directors per ISS’ Classification of Directors) when:
| ▪ | Independent directors comprise 50 percent or less of the board; | |
| ▪ | The non-independent director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating committee; | |
| ▪ | The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; or | |
| ▪ | The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee. |
Composition
Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings: Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees who served only part of the fiscal year3) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:
| ▪ | Medical issues/illness; | |
| ▪ | Family emergencies; and | |
| ▪ | Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer). |
1 A “new nominee” is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.
2 In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.
3 Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from the attendance policy.
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In cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.
If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.
Overboarded Directors: Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:
| ▪ | Sit on more than five public company boards; or | |
| ▪ | Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own—withhold only at their outside boards4. |
Diversity: For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company’s board. Mitigating factors include:
| ▪ | Until Feb. 1, 2021, a firm commitment, as stated in the proxy statement, to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; | |
| ▪ | The presence of a woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and a firm commitment to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; or | |
| ▪ | Other relevant factors as applicable. |
Responsiveness
Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:
| ▪ | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year or failed to act on a management proposal seeking to ratify an existing charter/bylaw provision that received opposition of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are: | ||
| ▪ | Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote; | ||
| ▪ | Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation; | ||
| ▪ | The subject matter of the proposal; | ||
| ▪ | The level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings; | ||
| ▪ | Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and its engagement with shareholders; | ||
| ▪ | The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and | ||
| ▪ | Other factors as appropriate. | ||
| ▪ | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered; | ||
4 Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (>50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.
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| ▪ | At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote. |
Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:
| ▪ | The company’s previous say-on-pay received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast. Factors that will be considered are: | |||
| ▪ | The company’s response, including: | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders’ concerns; | |||
| ▪ | Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; | |||
| ▪ | Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; | |||
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |||
| ▪ | Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. | |||
| ▪ | The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast. | |||
Accountability
Problematic Takeover Defenses/Governance Structure
Poison Pills: Vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if:
| ▪ | The company has a poison pill that was not approved by shareholders5. However, vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial pill with a term of one year or less, depending on the disclosed rationale for the adoption, and other factors as relevant (such as a commitment to put any renewal to a shareholder vote). | |
| ▪ | The board makes a material adverse modification to an existing pill, including, but not limited to, extension, renewal, or lowering the trigger, without shareholder approval. |
Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.
Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board structure.
Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and
5 Public shareholders only, approval prior to a company’s becoming public is insufficient.
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five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:
| ▪ | A classified board structure; | |
| ▪ | A supermajority vote requirement; | |
| ▪ | Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections, or a majority vote standard in contested elections; | |
| ▪ | The inability of shareholders to call special meetings; | |
| ▪ | The inability of shareholders to act by written consent; | |
| ▪ | A multi-class capital structure; and/or | |
| ▪ | A non-shareholder-approved poison pill. |
Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures: Generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company’s bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders’ rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment of shareholders’ rights caused by the board’s unilateral amendment to the bylaws/charter; | |
| ▪ | The board’s track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s existing governance provisions; | |
| ▪ | The timing of the board’s amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development; and | |
| ▪ | Other factors, as deemed appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders. |
Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case-by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the directors:
| ▪ | Classified the board; | |
| ▪ | Adopted supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or | |
| ▪ | Eliminated shareholders’ ability to amend bylaws. |
Problematic Capital Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights without subjecting the multi-class capital structure to a reasonable time-based sunset. In assessing the reasonableness of a time-based sunset provision, consideration will be given to the company’s lifespan, its post-IPO ownership structure and the board’s disclosed rationale for the
6 Newly-public companies generally include companies that emerge from bankruptcy, spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.
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sunset period selected. No sunset period of more than seven years from the date of the IPO will be considered to be reasonable.
Continue to vote against or withhold from incumbent directors in subsequent years, unless the problematic capital structure is reversed or removed.
Problematic Governance Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:
| ▪ | Supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; | |
| ▪ | A classified board structure; or | |
| ▪ | Other egregious provisions. |
A reasonable sunset provision will be considered a mitigating factor.
Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent years.
Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions: Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:
| ▪ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; | |
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for seeking ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the board’s ratification request; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment to shareholders’ rights caused by the existing provision; | |
| ▪ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company’s past meetings; | |
| ▪ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Restrictions on Shareholders’ Rights
Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals: Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:
| ▪ | The company’s governing documents impose undue restrictions on shareholders’ ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals or share ownership requirements, subject matter restrictions, or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis. |
Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders’ rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.
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Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the Audit Committee if:
| ▪ | The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive; | |
| ▪ | The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or | |
| ▪ | There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm. |
Vote case-by-case on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence, and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether withhold/against votes are warranted. |
Problematic Compensation Practices
In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); | |
| ▪ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; or | |
| ▪ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other committee members, or potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | The company fails to include a Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions, or under the company’s declared frequency of say on pay; or | |
| ▪ | The company fails to include a Frequency of Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions. |
Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e. two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.
Problematic Pledging of Company Stock:
Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:
| ▪ | The presence of an anti-pledging policy, disclosed in the proxy statement, that prohibits future pledging activity; | |
| ▪ | The magnitude of aggregate pledged shares in terms of total common shares outstanding, market value, and trading volume; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of progress or lack thereof in reducing the magnitude of aggregate pledged shares over time; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement that shares subject to stock ownership and holding requirements do not include pledged company stock; and | |
| ▪ | Any other relevant factors. |
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Governance Failures
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
| ▪ | Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight7, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company; | |
| ▪ | Failure to replace management as appropriate; or | |
| ▪ | Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote-No Campaigns
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General Recommendation: In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public “vote-no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information. |
Proxy Contests/Proxy Access — Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors: |
| ▪ | Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry; | |
| ▪ | Management’s track record; | |
| ▪ | Background to the contested election; | |
| ▪ | Nominee qualifications and any compensatory arrangements; | |
| ▪ | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of the critique against management; | |
| ▪ | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and | |
| ▪ | Stock ownership positions. |
In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).
Independent Board Chair
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following: |
| ▪ | The scope and rationale of the proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s current board leadership structure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s governance structure and practices; | |
| ▪ | Company performance; and | |
| ▪ | Any other relevant factors that may be applicable. |
The following factors will increase the likelihood of a “for” recommendation:
7 Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; significant adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.
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| ▪ | A majority non-independent board and/or the presence of non-independent directors on key board committees; | |
| ▪ | A weak or poorly-defined lead independent director role that fails to serve as an appropriate counterbalance to a combined CEO/chair role; | |
| ▪ | The presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO, a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair, and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair; | |
| ▪ | Evidence that the board has failed to oversee and address material risks facing the company; | |
| ▪ | A material governance failure, particularly if the board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns or if the board has materially diminished shareholder rights; or | |
| ▪ | Evidence that the board has failed to intervene when management’s interests are contrary to shareholders’ interests. |
Proxy Access
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals for proxy access with the following provisions: |
| ▪ | Ownership threshold: maximum requirement not more than three percent (3%) of the voting power; | |
| ▪ | Ownership duration: maximum requirement not longer than three (3) years of continuous ownership for each member of the nominating group; | |
| ▪ | Aggregation: minimal or no limits on the number of shareholders permitted to form a nominating group; | |
| ▪ | Cap: cap on nominees of generally twenty-five percent (25%) of the board. |
Review for reasonableness any other restrictions on the right of proxy access.
Generally vote against proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.
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Shareholder Rights & Defenses
Ratification Proposals: Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote against management proposals to ratify provisions of the company’s existing charter or bylaws, unless these governance provisions align with best practice. |
In addition, voting against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board may be warranted, considering:
| ▪ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; | |
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for seeking ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the board’s ratification request; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment to shareholders’ rights caused by the existing provision; | |
| ▪ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company’s past meetings; | |
| ▪ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Capital/Restructuring
Common Stock Authorization
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General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support. |
Vote against proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote against proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.
Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
| ▪ | Past Board Performance: | ||
| ▪ | The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years; | ||
| ▪ | The Current Request: | ||
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase; | ||
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and | ||
| ▪ | The dilutive impact of the request as determined relative to an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns. | ||
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ISS will apply the relevant allowable increase below to requests to increase common stock that are for general corporate purposes (or to the general corporate purposes portion of a request that also includes a specific need):
| A. | Most companies: 100 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| B. | Companies with less than 50 percent of existing authorized shares either outstanding or reserved for issuance: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| C. | Companies with one- and three-year total shareholder returns (TSRs) in the bottom 10 percent of the U.S. market as of the end of the calendar quarter that is closest to their most recent fiscal year end: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| D. | Companies at which both conditions (B and C) above are both present: 25 percent of existing authorized shares. |
If there is an acquisition, private placement, or similar transaction on the ballot (not including equity incentive plans) that ISS is recommending FOR, the allowable increase will be the greater of (i) twice the amount needed to support the transactions on the ballot, and (ii) the allowable increase as calculated above.
Share Repurchase Programs
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General Recommendation: For U.S.-incorporated companies, and foreign-incorporated U.S. Domestic Issuers that are traded solely on U.S. exchanges, vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms, or to grant the board authority to conduct open-market repurchases, in the absence of company-specific concerns regarding: |
| ▪ | Greenmail, | |
| ▪ | The use of buybacks to inappropriately manipulate incentive compensation metrics, | |
| ▪ | Threats to the company’s long-term viability, or | |
| ▪ | Other company-specific factors as warranted. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals to repurchase shares directly from specified shareholders, balancing the stated rationale against the possibility for the repurchase authority to be misused, such as to repurchase shares from insiders at a premium to market price.
Share Repurchase Programs Shareholder Proposals
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General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Vote for the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks. |
| ▪ | Financial issues - company’s financial situation; degree of need for capital; use of proceeds; effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital; | |
| ▪ | Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives; | |
| ▪ | Control issues - change in management; change in control, guaranteed board and committee seats; standstill provisions; voting agreements; veto power over certain corporate actions; and | |
| ▪ | Conflict of interest - arm’s length transaction, managerial incentives. |
Vote for the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
Mergers and Acquisitions
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including: |
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| ▪ | Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale. | |
| ▪ | Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal. | |
| ▪ | Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions. | |
| ▪ | Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value. | |
| ▪ | Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the “ISS Transaction Summary” section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists. | |
| ▪ | Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance. |
Compensation
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
| 1. | Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs; | |
| 2. | Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation; | |
| 3. | Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed); | |
| 4. | Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly; | |
| 5. | Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors is reasonable and does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices. |
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Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Say-on-Pay)
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation. |
Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or “SOP”) if:
| ▪ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); | |
| ▪ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; | |
| ▪ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | There is no SOP on the ballot, and an against vote on an SOP would otherwise be warranted due to pay-for-performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof; | |
| ▪ | The board fails to respond adequately to a previous SOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast; | |
| ▪ | The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, such as option repricing or option backdating; or | |
| ▪ | The situation is egregious. |
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay-for-Performance Evaluation
ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices8, this analysis considers the following:
| 1. | Peer Group9 Alignment: | |
| ▪ | The degree of alignment between the company’s annualized TSR rank and the CEO’s annualized total pay rank within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. | |
| ▪ | The rankings of CEO total pay and company financial performance within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. | |
| ▪ | The multiple of the CEO’s total pay relative to the peer group median in the most recent fiscal year. | |
| 2. | Absolute Alignment10 – the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years – i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period. |
8 The Russell 3000E Index includes approximately 4,000 of the largest U.S. equity securities.
9 The revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group, and company’s selected peers’ GICS industry group, with size constraints, via a process designed to select peers that are comparable to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry, and also within a market-cap bucket that is reflective of the company’s. For Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels companies, market cap is the only size determinant.
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If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:
| ▪ | The ratio of performance- to time-based incentive awards; | |
| ▪ | The overall ratio of performance-based compensation to fixed or discretionary pay; | |
| ▪ | The rigor of performance goals; | |
| ▪ | The complexity and risks around pay program design; | |
| ▪ | The transparency and clarity of disclosure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s peer group benchmarking practices; | |
| ▪ | Financial/operational results, both absolute and relative to peers; | |
| ▪ | Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards); | |
| ▪ | Realizable pay11 compared to grant pay; and | |
| ▪ | Any other factors deemed relevant. |
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:
| ▪ | Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements; | |
| ▪ | Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking or present a windfall risk; and | |
| ▪ | Pay decisions that circumvent pay-for-performance, such as options backdating or waiving performance requirements. |
Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company’s overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
| ▪ | Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARs without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options); | |
| ▪ | Extraordinary perquisites or tax gross-ups; | |
| ▪ | New or materially amended agreements that provide for: |
| ▪ | Excessive termination or CIC severance payments (generally exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus); | |
| ▪ | CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties (“single” or “modified single” triggers) or in connection with a problematic Good Reason definition; | |
| ▪ | CIC excise tax gross-up entitlements (including “modified” gross-ups); |
10 Only Russell 3000 Index companies are subject to the Absolute Alignment analysis.
11 ISS research reports include realizable pay for S&P1500 companies.
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| ▪ | Multi-year guaranteed awards that are not at risk due to rigorous performance conditions; |
| ▪ | Liberal CIC definition combined with any single-trigger CIC benefits; | |
| ▪ | Insufficient executive compensation disclosure by externally-managed issuers (EMIs) such that a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to the EMI’s executives is not possible; | |
| ▪ | Any other provision or practice deemed to be egregious and present a significant risk to investors. |
Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:
| ▪ | Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or | |
| ▪ | Failure to adequately respond to the company’s previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account: |
| ▪ | Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders’ concerns; | |
| ▪ | Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; | |
| ▪ | Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. |
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans12 depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an “Equity Plan Scorecard” (EPSC) approach with three pillars: |
| ▪ | Plan Cost: The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers, measured by the company’s estimated Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) in relation to peers and considering both: |
| ▪ | SVT based on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants, plus outstanding unvested/unexercised grants; and | |
| ▪ | SVT based only on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants. |
12 Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.
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| ▪ | Plan Features: |
| ▪ | Quality of disclosure around vesting upon a change in control (CIC); | |
| ▪ | Discretionary vesting authority; | |
| ▪ | Liberal share recycling on various award types; | |
| ▪ | Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan; | |
| ▪ | Dividends payable prior to award vesting. |
| ▪ | Grant Practices: |
| ▪ | The company’s three-year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers; | |
| ▪ | Vesting requirements in CEO’s recent equity grants (3-year look-back); | |
| ▪ | The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years); | |
| ▪ | The proportion of the CEO’s most recent equity grants/awards subject to performance conditions; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company maintains a sufficient claw-back policy; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company maintains sufficient post-exercise/vesting share-holding requirements. |
Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders’ interests, or if any of the following egregious factors (“overriding factors”) apply:
| ▪ | Awards may vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition; | |
| ▪ | The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it – for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies – or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing – for non-listed companies); | |
| ▪ | The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances; | |
| ▪ | The plan is excessively dilutive to shareholders’ holdings; | |
| ▪ | The plan contains an evergreen (automatic share replenishment) feature; or | |
| ▪ | Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests. |
Social and Environmental Issues
Global Approach
Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered: |
| ▪ | If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation; | |
| ▪ | If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal; | |
| ▪ | Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive; | |
| ▪ | The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal; | |
| ▪ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s environmental or social practices; |
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| ▪ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and | |
| ▪ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage. |
Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering: |
| ▪ | Whether the company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; | |
| ▪ | The company’s level of disclosure compared to industry peers; and | |
| ▪ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s climate change-related performance. |
Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:
| ▪ | The company already discloses current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; | |
| ▪ | The company’s level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and | |
| ▪ | There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s GHG emissions. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:
| ▪ | Whether the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data; | |
| ▪ | Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers; | |
| ▪ | The company’s actual GHG emissions performance; | |
| ▪ | The company’s current GHG emission policies, oversight mechanisms, and related initiatives; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions. |
Board Diversity
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on a company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless: |
| ▪ | The gender and racial minority representation of the company’s board is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and | |
| ▪ | The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority initiatives on the board and within the company. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:
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| ▪ | The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the company’s board and among its executive officers; | |
| ▪ | The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the company’s industry peers; | |
| ▪ | The company’s established process for addressing gender and racial minority board representation; | |
| ▪ | Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating committee charter language; | |
| ▪ | The independence of the company’s nominating committee; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal employment practices. |
Gender, Race, or Ethnicity Pay Gap
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company’s pay data by gender, race, or ethnicity, or a report on a company’s policies and goals to reduce any gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap, taking into account: |
| ▪ | The company’s current policies and disclosure related to both its diversity and inclusion policies and practices and its compensation philosophy on fair and equitable compensation practices; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap issues; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company’s reporting regarding gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap policies or initiatives is lagging its peers. |
Sustainability Reporting
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless: |
| ▪ | The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an environment, health, and safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive code of corporate conduct; and/or a diversity report; or | |
| ▪ | The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame. |
Lobbying
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering: |
| ▪ | The company’s current disclosure of relevant lobbying policies, and management and board oversight; | |
| ▪ | The company’s disclosure regarding trade associations or other groups that it supports, or is a member of, that engage in lobbying activities; and | |
| ▪ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding the company’s lobbying-related activities. |
Political Contributions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities, considering: |
| ▪ | The company’s policies, and management and board oversight related to its direct political contributions and payments to trade associations or other groups that may be used for political purposes; | |
| ▪ | The company’s disclosure regarding its support of, and participation in, trade associations or other groups that may make political contributions; and | |
| ▪ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or political activities. |
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Vote against proposals barring a company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote against proposals to publish in newspapers and other media a company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.
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The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.
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© 2019 | Institutional Shareholder Services and/or its affiliates
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
| Class A | Class C | Class I | |
| EQUITY FUNDS | |||
| HSBC Opportunity Fund | HSOAX | HOPCX | RESCX |
| HSBC Frontier Markets Fund | HSFAX | - | HSFIX |
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
General and Account Information - (800) 782-8183 (Toll Free)
| HSBC
Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., Investment Adviser and Administrator of the Funds (“Adviser” or “Administrator”) |
Citi
Fund Services Ohio, Inc., Sub-Administrator of the Funds (“Citi” or “Sub-Administrator”) | |
| Westfield
Capital Management Company, L.P., Subadviser to HSBC Opportunity Fund (“Westfield”) |
HSBC Global
Asset Management (UK) Limited, Subadviser to HSBC Frontier Markets Fund (“AMEU”) |
THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS ONLY AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION WHEN PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY THE PROSPECTUS FOR THE FUNDS DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2020 (the “Prospectus”). This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) contains additional and more detailed information than that set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Prospectus and SAI may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) at the address and telephone number printed above.
References in this SAI to the “Prospectus” are to the Prospectus dated February 28, 2020 of the Trust by which shares of the funds listed above (each a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”) are being offered. Unless the context otherwise requires, terms defined in the Prospectus have the same meaning in this SAI as in the Prospectus.
Each Fund’s current audited financial statements (and the audited financial statements of the corresponding portfolio, for HSBC Opportunity Fund) dated October 31, 2019, are incorporated herein by reference from the Annual Reports of the Funds dated October 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Copies of these Annual Reports may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the Trust at the address and telephone number printed above.
February 28, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |
| GENERAL INFORMATION | 1 |
| THE FUNDS | 1 |
| INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS | 2 |
| INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS | 2 |
| American Depositary Receipts | 4 |
| Asset-Backed Securities | 4 |
| Banking Industry and Savings and Loan Industry Obligations | 5 |
| Cash Sweep Program | 5 |
| Convertible Securities | 6 |
| Cyber Security Risk | 7 |
| Derivatives | 7 |
| Emerging Markets | 19 |
| Equity Securities | 24 |
| Eurodollar and Yankee Bank Obligations | 24 |
| Exchange Traded Funds | 25 |
| Financial Services | 25 |
| Fixed Income Instruments | 25 |
| Floating and Variable Rate Obligations | 26 |
| Foreign Currency Exchange - Related Securities | 28 |
| Foreign Securities | 29 |
| Global Financial Markets | 33 |
| Illiquid Investments, Rule 144A Securities, and Section 4(a)(2) Securities | 34 |
| Investment Company Securities | 35 |
| Master Limited Partnerships | 35 |
| Money Market Instruments | 36 |
| Mortgage-Related Securities | 36 |
| Operational Risk | 43 |
| Other Depositary Receipts (CDRs, EDRs, GDRs) | 43 |
| Real Estate Securities | 44 |
| Repurchase Agreements | 45 |
| Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts | 45 |
| Short-Term Trading | 45 |
| U.S. Government Securities | 46 |
| Warrants | 46 |
| When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities | 46 |
| PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | 46 |
| PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS | 47 |
| DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 50 |
| INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 51 |
| Percentage and Rating Restrictions (All Funds) | 55 |
| MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST | 55 |
| ii |
| Board of Trustees | 55 |
| Board Composition and Leadership Structure | 56 |
| Board’s Role in Risk Oversight of the Trust | 56 |
| Qualifications of the Trustees | 57 |
| Committees | 60 |
| Fund Ownership | 61 |
| Trustee and Officer Compensation | 62 |
| Proxy Voting | 63 |
| INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES | 63 |
| Investment Adviser | 63 |
| Subadvisers | 65 |
| Portfolio Managers | 65 |
| Distribution Plans - Class A and Class C Shares Only | 70 |
| The Distributor | 71 |
| Payments to Financial Intermediaries | 72 |
| Shareholder Services Plan and Shareholder Servicing Agents | 74 |
| Administrator and Sub-Administrator | 75 |
| Transfer Agent | 76 |
| Custodian | 77 |
| Fund Accounting Agent | 77 |
| Federal Banking Law | 77 |
| Expenses | 78 |
| DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | 78 |
| PURCHASE OF SHARES | 82 |
| Exchange Privilege | 84 |
| In-Kind Purchases | 84 |
| Automatic Investment Plan | 85 |
| Purchases Through a Shareholder Servicing Agent or a Securities Broker | 85 |
| SALES CHARGES | 86 |
| Class A Shares | 86 |
| Sales Charge Waivers | 86 |
| Concurrent Purchases | 86 |
| Letter of Intent | 87 |
| Right of Accumulation | 87 |
| Conversion Feature - Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund | 88 |
| Level Load Alternative - Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund | 88 |
| REDEMPTION OF SHARES | 88 |
| Systematic Withdrawal Plan | 89 |
| Redemption of Shares Purchased Directly Through the Funds | 89 |
| RETIREMENT PLANS | 90 |
| Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) | 90 |
| iii |
| Defined Contribution Plans | 90 |
| Section 457 Plan, 401(k) Plan, 403(b) Plan | 90 |
| DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | 91 |
| DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES | 91 |
| Ownership of the Funds | 92 |
| TAXATION | 95 |
| Tax Status of the Funds | 95 |
| The Portfolio | 96 |
| Distributions in General | 96 |
| Sale, Exchange, or Redemption of Shares | 97 |
| Backup Withholding | 98 |
| Other Taxation | 98 |
| Foreign Shareholders | 98 |
| Fund Investments | 99 |
| Foreign Tax Issues | 100 |
| OTHER INFORMATION | 102 |
| Capitalization | 102 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 103 |
| Counsel | 103 |
| Code of Ethics | 103 |
| Registration Statement | 103 |
| Financial Statements | 103 |
| Shareholder Inquiries | 104 |
| APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | A-1 |
| APPENDIX B: ISS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES | B-1 |
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GENERAL INFORMATION
THE FUNDS
The HSBC Opportunity Fund (“Opportunity Fund”), HSBC Opportunity Fund (Class I Shares) (“Opportunity Fund (Class I)”) and HSBC Frontier Markets Fund (“Frontier Markets Fund”) are separate series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company that currently consists of multiple series, each of which has its own distinct investment objectives and policies. Each Fund is “diversified” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”) and is described in this SAI. The Trust also includes certain fixed income and money market funds (“Money Market Funds”) that are covered in separate SAIs.
The Opportunity Fund and Opportunity Fund (Class I), which are separate series of the Trust, are feeder funds (each, a “Feeder Fund” and, together, the “Feeder Funds,”) in a master/feeder arrangement whereby the Feeder Funds seek to achieve their investment objectives by investing all of their assets in the HSBC Opportunity Portfolio (the “Portfolio” or “Opportunity Portfolio”), a separate series of the Trust, which has the same investment objective as the Feeder Funds, as indicated below:
| Feeder Fund | Classes Offered | Underlying
Portfolio (“Master Portfolio”) |
| Opportunity
Fund Opportunity Fund (Class I) |
Class
A and C Class I |
Opportunity Portfolio |
With respect to the Feeder Funds, the descriptions of the Funds in this SAI are inclusive of the Portfolio in which the Funds invest. Shares of the Opportunity Fund are divided into two separate classes: Class A Shares (the “Class A Shares”) and Class C Shares (the “Class C Shares”). The Opportunity Fund (Class I) only offers Class I Shares (the “Class I Shares”), which are offered to investment management clients of the Adviser and its affiliates, or to investors that meet certain minimum investment requirements.
The shares of the Frontier Markets Fund are divided into two separate classes: Class A Shares and Class I Shares.
Shares of the Funds are continuously offered by the Distributor (as defined below). Certain share classes are subject to investment minimums. See the Prospectus and “Purchase of Shares” and “Sales Charges” in this SAI for information about the various classes and eligibility to invest therein. See “Description Of Shares, Voting Rights, and Liabilities – The Trust,” and “Other Information – Capitalization” in this SAI for more information about the Trust.
Although the Funds will invest primarily in common stocks, the Funds may, to a limited extent, seek appreciation in other types of securities when relative values make such purchases appear attractive either as individual issues or as types of securities in certain economic environments.
When the Adviser or subadviser to the Funds, as applicable, believes that investing for temporary defensive reasons is appropriate, such as during times of international, political or economic uncertainty or turmoil, or in order to meet anticipated redemption requests, part or all of a Fund’s assets may be invested in cash (including foreign currency) or cash equivalent short-term obligations including, but not limited to, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, short-term notes and U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities in which the Funds may invest include: (i) U.S. Treasury obligations, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance, including: U.S. Treasury bills (maturities of one year or less); U.S. Treasury notes (maturities of one to ten years); and U.S. Treasury
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bonds (generally maturities of greater than ten years), all of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government; and (ii) obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities, some of which are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury (e.g., direct pass-through certificates of the Government National Mortgage Association), some of which are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Government (e.g., obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks) and some of which are backed only by the credit of the issuer itself (e.g., obligations of the Federal Farm Credit Bank). Each Fund’s investment objective may not be achieved when it is invested in a temporary defensive position.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
The following information supplements the discussion of the investment objective, policies, and risks of each Fund in the Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved. Except as otherwise indicated, the investment objective and related policies and strategies of a Fund are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without the approval of Fund shareholders. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change, shareholders should consider whether a Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their then-current financial position and needs.
With respect to the Feeder Funds, it should be understood that all discussions of investment objectives, strategies and risks of a Feeder Fund refer also to the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Portfolio.
The Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO under the CEA. The Adviser is not deemed to be a CPO with respect to its service as investment adviser to the Funds. To the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, is no longer eligible to claim an exclusion from Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulation, the Funds may consider steps in order to continue to qualify for this exclusion, or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation. If a Fund operates subject to CFTC regulation, it may incur additional compliance and other expenses.
For purposes of this SAI, references to each Fund’s subadviser (the “Subadviser”), as applicable, should be understood as referring to the Subadviser.
INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
Each Fund invests in a variety of securities in accordance with its investment objectives and policies (as described in the Prospectus and above in this SAI) and employs a number of investment techniques. Each type of security and technique involves certain risks. The following is an alphabetical list of the investment techniques used by the Funds as indicated in the table and the main risks associated with those techniques.
References to investment techniques employed by either the Opportunity Fund or Opportunity Fund (Class I) refer to the techniques employed by the Portfolio, and references to the Opportunity Fund includes Opportunity Fund (Class I). References to the Adviser should be understood as referring jointly to the Adviser and the relevant Subadviser.
The table below indicates the types of investments and techniques that are material to the investment strategies employed by each Fund. In some cases, the omission of a Fund is not intended to imply that
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the Fund is precluded from investing in the types of investments or employing the techniques indicated below. Generally, if a particular type of investment or technique is not indicated as being applicable to a particular Fund, the particular type of investment or technique will not be material to the investment strategies employed by the Fund, although any risk factors that are stated more generally with respect to any broader category of investment or technique may still apply.
| Type of Investment Technique or Risk | Opportunity Fund | Frontier Markets Fund |
| American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”) | X | X |
| Asset-Backed Securities | X | |
| Banking Industry and Savings and Loan Industry Obligations | X | |
| Cash Sweep Program | X | X |
| Convertible Securities | X | X |
| Cyber Security Risk | X | X |
| Derivatives | X | |
| Emerging Markets | X | X |
| Equity Securities | X | X |
| Eurodollar and Yankee Bank Obligations | X | |
| Exchange Traded Funds | X | X |
| Financial Services | X | |
| Fixed Income Instruments | X | X |
| Floating and Variable Rate Obligations | X | |
| Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities | X | X |
| Foreign Securities | X | X |
| Global Financial Markets | X | X |
| Illiquid Investments, Rule 144A Securities, and Section 4(a)(2) Securities | X | X |
| Investment Company Securities | X | X |
| Master Limited Partnerships | X | |
| Money Market Instruments | X | X |
| Mortgage-Related Securities | X | |
| Operational Risk | X | X |
| Other Depositary Receipts (CDRs, EDRs, GDRs) | X | X |
| Real Estate Securities | X | |
| Repurchase Agreements | X | X |
| Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts | X | X |
| Short-Term Trading | X | X |
| U.S. Government Securities | X | X |
| Warrants | X | X |
| When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities | X |
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AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS
The Funds may invest in ADRs. ADRs are certificates issued by a U.S. depository (usually a bank) and represent a specified quantity of shares of an underlying non-U.S. stock on deposit with a custodian bank as collateral. ADRs may be sponsored or unsponsored. A sponsored ADR is issued by a depository that has an exclusive relationship with the issuer of the underlying security. An unsponsored ADR may be issued by any number of U.S. depositories. Under the terms of most sponsored arrangements, depositories agree to distribute notices of shareholder meetings and voting instructions, and to provide shareholder communications and other information to the ADR holders at the request of the issuer of the deposited securities. The depository of an unsponsored ADR, on the other hand, is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited securities or to pass through voting rights to ADR holders in respect of the deposited securities. A Fund may invest in either type of ADR.
Although a U.S. investor (such as a Fund) holds a substitute receipt of ownership rather than direct stock certificates, the use of the depositary receipts in the United States can reduce costs and delays as well as potential currency exchange and other difficulties. The Funds may purchase securities in local markets and direct delivery of these ordinary shares to the local depository of an ADR agent bank in the foreign country. Simultaneously, the ADR agents create a certificate that settles at the Funds’ custodian in five days. The Funds may also execute trades on the U.S. markets using existing ADRs. A foreign issuer of the security underlying an ADR is generally not subject to the same reporting requirements in the United States as a domestic issuer. Accordingly, the information available to a U.S. investor will be limited to the information the foreign issuer is required to disclose in its own country and the market value of an ADR may not reflect undisclosed material information concerning the issuer of the underlying security. ADRs may also be subject to exchange rate risks if the underlying foreign securities are denominated in foreign currency. In addition, ADRs may be less liquid than the underlying shares in their foreign trading market. Other types of depositary receipts are discussed under “Other Depositary Receipts” in this section.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
The Opportunity Fund may invest in asset-backed securities. Through the use of trusts and special purpose subsidiaries, various types of assets, including auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans, and student loans, are being securitized in pass-through structures similar to the mortgage pass-through structures described below or in a pass-through structure similar to the collateralized mortgage structure.
Asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, the Opportunity Fund’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from
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prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. To the extent that the Opportunity Fund invests in asset-backed securities, the values of the Opportunity Fund’s portfolio securities will vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities present certain additional risks because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage assets. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, if the issuer of an asset-backed security defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, the Opportunity Fund will be unable to possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Opportunity Fund’s recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities. The risks associated with asset-backed securities are often reduced by the addition of credit enhancements such as a letter of credit from a bank, excess collateral or a third-party guarantee. However, the Opportunity Fund is subject to the credit risk of the person or entities providing the credit enhancements.
BANKING INDUSTRY AND SAVINGS AND LOAN INDUSTRY OBLIGATIONS
As a temporary or defensive measure, the Frontier Markets Fund may invest in certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, and other short-term debt obligations issued by commercial banks and savings and loan associations (“S&Ls”).
Certificates of deposit are receipts from a bank or S&L for funds deposited for a specified period of time at a specified rate of return. Time deposits in banks or S&Ls are generally similar to certificates of deposit but are uncertificated. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international commercial transactions. Time deposits maturing in more than seven days and subject to withdrawal penalties will be subject to the Fund’s restriction on investments in illiquid investments.
The Fund will not invest in any obligation of a commercial bank unless (i) the bank has total assets of at least $1 billion, or the equivalent in other currencies, or, in the case of domestic banks that do not have total assets of at least $1 billion, the aggregate investment made in any one such bank is limited to $250,000 and the principal amount of such investment is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”); (ii) in the case of U.S. banks, it is a member of the FDIC; and (iii) in the case of foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks, the security is deemed by the Adviser to be of an investment quality comparable with other debt securities that may be purchased by the Fund.
The Fund may also invest in obligations of U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks (Eurodollars) and U.S. branches of foreign banks (Yankee dollars) as a temporary defensive measure. Euro and Yankee dollar investments will involve some of the same risks as investing in foreign securities, as described below.
CASH SWEEP PROGRAM
Each Fund may participate in a cash sweep program (the “Cash Sweep Program”). In the Cash Sweep
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Program, a Fund’s uninvested cash balances are used to purchase Class I Shares of the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund (the “Government Money Market Fund”). The Cash Sweep Program can reduce exposure to the risk of counterparty default on repurchase agreements and the market risk associated with direct purchases of short-term obligations, while providing ready liquidity and increased diversity of holdings. Class I Shares of the Government Money Market Fund sold to and redeemed from a Fund will not be subject to a sales charge, as defined in rule 2341(b)(8) of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), or service fee, as defined in rule 2341(b)(9) of the Conduct Rules of FINRA, in connection with the purchase, sale, or redemption of such shares by a Fund, or the advisory fee for the investing Fund will be waived in an amount that offsets the amount of such sales charges and/or service fees incurred by that Fund. More detailed information about the Government Money Market Fund and money market funds in general may be found in the current Prospectus and the separate SAI that includes the various HSBC Money Market Funds and under “MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS” in this section.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in securities that are convertible into common stock. Convertible bonds are issued with lower coupons than non-convertible bonds of the same quality and maturity, but they give holders the option to exchange their bonds for a specific number of shares of the company’s common stock at a predetermined price. This structure allows the convertible bond holder to participate in share price movements in the company’s common stock. The actual return on a convertible bond may exceed its stated yield if the company’s common stock appreciates in value, and the option to convert to common shares becomes more valuable. Because of the conversion feature, the price of the convertible security will normally fluctuate in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and as such is subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. The income component of a convertible security may tend to cushion the security against declines in the price of the underlying asset. However, the income component of convertible securities causes fluctuations based upon changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. See “Equity Securities” in this section.
Convertible preferred stocks are non-voting equity securities that pay a fixed dividend. These securities have a convertible feature similar to convertible bonds; however, they do not have a maturity date. Due to their fixed income features, convertible issues typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes than the underlying common stock. In the event of liquidation, bondholders would have claims on company assets senior to those of stockholders; preferred stockholders would have claims senior to those of common stockholders.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Contingent convertible bonds (“CoCo bonds”) are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. If the trigger level is breached, the issuer’s decision to write down, write off or convert a CoCo bond may be outside a Fund’s control. Any such action could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s returns, and the Fund may suffer a complete loss on an investment in CoCo bonds with no chance of recovery even if the issuer remains in existence.
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In addition, coupon payments on CoCo bonds are discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer at any point, for any reason, and for any length of time. The discretionary cancellation of payments is not an event of default and there are no remedies to require re-instatement of coupon payments or payment of any past missed payments. Coupon payments may also be subject to approval by the issuer’s regulator and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves. Due to uncertainty surrounding coupon payments, CoCo bonds may be volatile and their price may decline rapidly in the event that coupon payments are suspended.
CoCo bonds typically are structurally subordinated to traditional convertible bonds in the issuer’s capital structure. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCo bonds may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. CoCo bonds are perpetual instruments and may only be callable at predetermined dates upon approval of the applicable regulatory authority. There is no guarantee that a Fund will receive return of principal on CoCo bonds. Moreover, CoCo bonds are a newer form of instrument and the regulatory environment for these instruments continues to evolve. Because the market for CoCo bonds is evolving, it is uncertain how the larger market for contingent convertible securities would react to an issuer’s capital ratio falling below a specific trigger level or a coupon suspension applicable to a single issuer.
CYBER SECURITY RISK
The Funds face greater risks of cyber security breaches because of the broad use of technology such as computer systems and the internet that has developed in the course of business. In general, cyber-attacks result from deliberate attacks but other events may have effects similar to those caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing, destroying or corrupting data that is maintained online or digitally, denial-of-service attacks on websites, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting a Fund or its investment adviser, subadviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediary or other third-party service provider may adversely impact the Fund. These cyber-attacks have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, to result in financial losses, to prevent shareholders from transacting business, and to lead to violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Similar to operational risk in general, the Funds and their investment adviser have instituted risk management systems designed to minimize the risks associated with cyber security. However, it is not certain that these systems will succeed, especially because the Funds do not directly control the cyber security systems of the service providers to the Funds, their trading counterparties, or the issuers in which a Fund may invest. Moreover, there is a risk that the cyber-attacks will not be detected.
DERIVATIVES
The Frontier Markets Fund may use various instruments that are commonly known as derivatives. Generally, a derivative is a financial instrument the value of which is based on, or “derived” from, a security, asset, or market index. Some derivatives are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional debt securities. There are many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. There is a range of risks associated with the use of derivatives, including the possibility of a total loss of the amount invested.
The Fund may use derivatives for hedging purposes or cash management purposes, as a substitute for investing directly in securities, or as part of a strategy to gain exposure to characteristics of investments in
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different markets through efficient portfolio management techniques for the purpose of attempting to enhance its return.
Derivatives are commonly used for traditional hedging purposes to attempt to protect the Fund from exposure to changing interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates.
Derivatives are also commonly used for cash management purposes as a low-cost method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without investing directly in those securities. The Fund may also use derivatives to seek to enhance return when the Adviser believes the investment will assist the Fund in achieving its investment objectives. For example, the Fund may also use derivatives to create synthetic foreign positions when direct investments may not be available or permissible.
Forward Foreign Currency Contracts And Options On Foreign Currencies. The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency contracts and options on foreign currencies (“forward contracts”).
A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed price at a future date that is individually negotiated and privately traded over-the-counter by currency traders and their customers. Forward contracts are generally intended to minimize the risk of loss to the Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward contract may be used, for example, when the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. Transactions in forward contracts entered into for hedging purposes will include forward purchases or sales of foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting the U.S. dollar value of securities denominated in a foreign currency or protecting the U.S. dollar equivalent of interest or dividends to be paid on such securities.
The Fund may also purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in the U.S. dollar value of foreign portfolio securities and against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of foreign securities to be acquired or to generate additional income.
The Fund may also combine forward contracts with investments in securities denominated in other currencies in order to achieve desired credit and currency exposures. Such combinations are generally referred to as synthetic securities. For example, in lieu of purchasing a foreign bond, the Fund may purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated security and at the same time enter into a forward contract to exchange U.S. dollars for the contract’s underlying currency at a future date. By matching the amount of U.S. dollars to be exchanged with the anticipated value of the U.S. dollar-denominated security, the Fund may be able to lock in the foreign currency value of the security and adopt a synthetic investment position reflecting the credit quality of the U.S. dollar-denominated security.
There is a risk in adopting a synthetic investment position to the extent that the value of a security denominated in U.S. dollars or other foreign currency is not exactly matched with the Fund’s obligation under the forward contract. On the date of maturity, the Fund may be exposed to some risk of loss from fluctuations in that currency.
By entering into transactions in forward contracts, the Fund may be required to forego the benefits of advantageous changes in exchange rates and, in the case of forward contracts entered into for non-hedging purposes, the Fund may sustain losses that will reduce its gross income. The use of non-exchange traded contracts involves certain risks beyond those associated with transactions in futures contracts or options traded on exchanges. The Fund may enter into transactions in forward contracts for purposes other than hedging, which presents greater profit potential but also involves increased risk of losses that will reduce its gross income. If the expected changes in the value of the currency occur, the Fund will realize profits that will increase its gross income. Where exchange rates do not move in the
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direction or to the extent anticipated, however, the Fund may sustain losses that will reduce its gross income. Such transactions, therefore, could be considered speculative.
Futures Contracts. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts and options on futures contracts that relate to (1) broadly-based stock indices (these are referred to as “stock index futures”), (2) an individual stock (“single stock futures”), (3) other broadly-based securities indices (these are referred to as “financial futures”), and (4) foreign currencies. A broadly-based stock index is used as the basis for trading stock index futures. They may, in some cases, be based on stocks of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries. A stock index assigns relative values to the common stocks included in the index and its value fluctuates in response to the changes in value of the underlying stocks. A stock index cannot be purchased or sold directly. Financial futures are similar contracts based on the future value of the basket of securities that comprise the index.
A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the securities or to make or accept the cash settlement called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the securities or to make or accept the cash settlement called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date.
The Fund may enter into transactions in futures contracts to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s portfolio. One type of hedging for which the Fund may use futures contracts would be, among other things, to protect itself from fluctuations in interest rates but without the risks and transaction costs of buying or selling long-term debt securities. For example, if the Fund owns long-term bonds, and interest rates were expected to increase, the Fund might enter into futures contracts for the sale of debt securities. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the long-term bonds owned by the Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of the Fund’s futures contracts would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have due to the change in interest rates. If a decline in interest rates is anticipated, which would increase the cost of fixed income securities that the Fund intends to acquire, the Fund may purchase futures contracts on debt securities. Since the fluctuations in the value of futures contracts should be similar to that of the relevant bonds, the Fund may be protected, in whole or in part, against the increased cost of acquiring bonds resulting from a decline in interest rates. In the event that the projected decline in interest rates occurs, the increased cost to the Fund of the securities acquired should be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures contracts. As portfolio securities are purchased, the Fund will generally close out its futures contracts by entering into offsetting transactions on the contract market on which the initial purchase was effected.
Similar results could be accomplished by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, since the futures market can be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as an investment technique allows action in anticipation of such an interest rate decline without having to sell the Fund’s portfolio securities.
The ability to hedge effectively all or a portion of the Fund’s portfolio through transactions in futures contracts depends on the degree to which movements in the value of the securities or index underlying such contracts correlate with movements in the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. If the securities (or the securities comprising the index) underlying a futures contract are different than the portfolio securities being hedged, they may not move to the same extent or in the same direction. In that event, the hedging strategy might not be successful and the Fund could sustain losses on the hedging transactions that would not be offset by gains on its portfolio. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index or security underlying a futures contract and the portfolio securities being hedged, which could result in losses on both the hedging transaction and the portfolio
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securities. In such instances, the Fund’s overall return could be less than if the hedging transactions had not been undertaken.
Most stock index futures and financial futures obligate the seller to deliver, and the purchaser to take, cash to settle the futures transaction, and there is no delivery made of the underlying securities to settle the futures obligation. While futures contracts based on debt securities generally provide for the delivery and acceptance of securities, such deliveries and acceptances are very seldom made. Either party may also settle a futures transaction by entering into an offsetting contract and a futures contract generally is terminated by entering into an offsetting transaction.
The Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. In addition, at the time a fund enters a futures transaction, cash or securities must be provided as an initial deposit known as “initial margin.” The initial deposit required will vary. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued through a process known as “marking to market,” and the Fund may receive or be required to pay “variation margin” settlement payments as the futures contract becomes more or less valuable. At the time of delivery of securities pursuant to such a contract, if applicable, adjustments are made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of securities with a different interest rate than the specific security that provides the standard for the contract.
The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. This could require the Fund to post additional cash as initial margin or make additional variation margin payments as the value of the position fluctuates. Further, rather than meeting additional initial and variation margin requirements, investors may close out futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, there is the potential that the liquidity of the futures market may be lacking. Prior to expiration, a futures contract may be terminated only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction, which requires a liquid market for the futures contract. While the Fund will establish a futures position only if it appears that a liquid market for the futures contract exists, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. If no liquid market exists for a futures contract, it will not be possible to close out a position in such contract held for the Fund, which could require the Fund to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the futures contract, make or receive a cash settlement, or meet ongoing initial and variation margin requirements. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on the Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. Also, in some (but not many) cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was entered into.
The liquidity of a market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges, which limit the amount of fluctuation in the price of a futures contract during a single trading day and prohibit trading beyond such limits once they have been reached. The trading of futures contracts also is subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, position limits, insolvency of the brokerage firm or clearing house or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.
Investments in futures contracts also entail the risk that if the Adviser’s investment judgment about the general direction of, among other things, interest rates and prices is incorrect, the Fund’s overall performance may be poorer than if the Fund had not entered into any such contract. For example, if the Fund has been hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates which would adversely affect the price of bonds held in the Fund’s portfolio and interest rates decrease instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its bonds which are hedged because there will be offsetting
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losses in the Fund’s futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Fund has insufficient cash, bonds may have to be sold from the Fund’s portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, possibly at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Such sale of bonds may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices that reflect the rising market.
Each contract market on which futures contracts are traded has established a number of limitations governing the maximum number of positions that may be held by a trader, whether acting alone or in concert with others. Such limits may cause the Fund not to be able to enter as many futures contracts as it otherwise would enter to meet its investment goals.
Hybrid Instruments. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the Fund to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the NAV of the Fund.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund’s investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
Options on Securities. A “call option” is a contract sold for a price (the “premium”) giving its holder the right to buy a specific number of shares of stock at a specific price on or prior to a specified date. A “put option” is a similar contract that gives its holder, in return for a premium, the right to sell a specific number of shares of the underlying security at a specified price on or prior to a specified date.
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The Fund may write options for the purpose of attempting to increase its return and for hedging purposes. In particular, if the Fund writes an option which expires unexercised or is closed out by the Fund at a profit, the Fund retains the premium paid for the option less related transaction costs, which increases its gross income and offsets in part the reduced value of the portfolio security in connection with which the option is written, or the increased cost of portfolio securities to be acquired. However, if the price of the security underlying the option moves adversely to the Fund’s position, the option may be exercised and the Fund will then be required to purchase or sell the security at a disadvantageous price, which might only partially be offset by the amount of the premium.
A “covered call option” is a call option issued on securities already owned by the writer of the call option for delivery to the holder upon the exercise of the option. The Fund may write call options in connection with buy-and-write transactions; that is, the Fund may purchase a security and then write a call option against that security. The exercise price of the call option the Fund determines to write depends upon the expected price movement of the underlying security. The exercise price of a call option may be below (“in-the-money”), equal to (“at-the-money”) or above (“out-of-the-money”) the current value of the underlying security at the time the option is written.
The Fund may also write combinations of put and call options on the same security, a practice known as a “straddle.” By writing a straddle, the Fund undertakes a simultaneous obligation to sell or purchase the same security in the event that one of the options is exercised. If the price of the security subsequently rises sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the amount of the premium and transaction costs, the call will likely be exercised and the Fund will be required to sell the underlying security at a below market price. This loss may be offset, however, in whole or in part, by the premiums received on the writing of the two options. Conversely, if the price of the security declines by a sufficient amount, the put will likely be exercised and the Fund will be required to purchase the underlying security at an above market price. The writing of straddles will likely be effective, therefore, only where the price of a security remains stable and neither the call nor the put is exercised. In an instance where one of the options is exercised, the loss on the purchase or sale of the underlying security may exceed the amount of the premiums received.
The Fund may also purchase put and call options. Put options are purchased to hedge against a decline in the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. If such a decline occurs, the put options will permit the Fund to sell the securities underlying such options at the exercise price, or to close out the options at a profit. The Fund will purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such an increase occurs, the call option will permit the Fund to purchase the securities underlying such option at the exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. The premium paid for a call or put option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by the Fund upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises or declines sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. In addition, in the event that the price of the security in connection with which an option was purchased moves in a direction favorable to the Fund, the benefits realized by the Fund as a result of such favorable movement will be reduced by the amount of the premium paid for the option and related transaction costs.
Options on Securities Indices. The Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option on a securities index, which increases the Fund’s gross income in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. If the value of an index on which the Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the securities it owns. If the value of the index rises, however, the Fund will realize a loss in its call option position, which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized appreciation in the Fund’s investment. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk of a decline in the index. If the value of an index on which the Fund has written a put option rises or remains
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the same, the Fund will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction costs). If the value of the index falls, the Fund will realize a loss in its put option position. To the extent that the price changes of securities owned by the Fund correlate with changes in the value of the index, writing put options on indices will increase the Fund’s losses in the event of a market decline, although such losses will be offset in part by the premium received for writing the option.
The Fund may also purchase put options on securities indices to hedge its investments against a decline in value. By purchasing a put option on a stock index, the Fund will seek to offset a decline in the value of securities it owns through appreciation of the put option. If the value of the Fund’s investments does not decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the Fund’s loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. The success of this strategy will largely depend on the accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the index and the changes in value of the Fund’s security holdings.
The purchase of call options on securities indices may be used by the Fund to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting investment. When purchasing call options for this purpose, the Fund will also bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the index does not rise. The purchase of call options on securities indices when the Fund is substantially fully invested is a form of leverage, up to the amount of the premium and related transaction costs, and involves risks of loss and of increased volatility similar to those involved in purchasing calls on securities the Fund owns.
Swaps, Options on Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. The Fund may enter into swap contracts and other similar instruments in accordance with its investment objective and policies. A swap is an agreement to exchange the return generated by one instrument for the return generated by another instrument. The payment streams are calculated by reference to a specified index and agreed upon notional amount. The term “specified index” includes currencies, fixed interest rates, prices and total return on interest rate indices, fixed income indices, stock indices and commodity indices (as well as amounts derived from arithmetic operations on these indices). For example, the Fund may agree to swap the return generated by a fixed income index for the return generated by a second fixed income index. The currency swaps in which the Fund may enter will generally involve an agreement to pay interest streams calculated by reference to interest income linked to a specified index in one currency in exchange for a specified index in another currency. Such swaps may involve initial and final exchanges that correspond to the agreed upon notional amount.
The swaps in which the Fund may engage also include rate caps, floors and collars under which one party pays a single or periodic fixed amount(s) (or premium) and the other party pays periodic amounts based on the movement of a specified index. The Fund also may enter into options on swaps (“swaptions”). A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into or modify an underlying swap or to modify the terms of an existing swap on agree-upon terms. The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into or modify an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms, which generally entails a greater risk of loss than incurred in buying a swaption.
The Fund will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two return streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two returns on a specified payment date. However, the Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). Many swaps, such as interest rate swaps, do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets
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or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to such swaps is limited to the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually obligated to make under the contract. If the other party to a swap defaults, the Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. In contrast, certain currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Therefore, the entire principal value of such a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If there is a default by the counterparty, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid.
Total return swaps are agreements where one counterparty transfers the entire economic exposure of an underlying asset or obligation (including income from interest and fees, gains and losses from price and market movement, and credit losses) to another counterparty. Total return swaps are generally used by the Fund to obtain full exposure (both credit and market exposure) of an underlying asset without actually owning the asset. The use of a total return swap enables the Fund to receive the full financial gain from the increase or decrease of the underlying asset or obligation as if it owned the underlying asset, without needing to purchase the underlying asset in full. The underlying assets of a total return swap can include most financial instruments, although the Fund will generally only trade in total return swaps that consist of underlying assets that independently comply with the Fund’s investment strategy.
Credit default swaps involve the exchange of floating or fixed rate payments in return for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security, or pool of securities. A credit default swap may have as reference obligations one or more securities that may, or may not, be currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default swap is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. The Fund may be either the protection buyer or seller in the transaction. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, the Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If a credit event occurs, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the Fund as seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and some of these cleared swaps must be traded on an exchange or swap execution facility (“SEF”). A SEF is a trading platform in which multiple market participants can execute swap transactions by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants on the platform. Transactions executed on a SEF may increase market transparency and liquidity but may cause the Fund to incur increased expenses to execute swaps. Unlike uncleared swaps (negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter), cleared swaps must be transacted through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty to the transaction. Currently, the CFTC has designated the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps as subject to mandatory central clearing, and certain public
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trading facilities have made those types of swaps available for trading. It is expected that additional types of swaps will become subject to central clearing and exchange-trading requirements in the future. In addition, depending on the size of the Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar bilateral swap. In addition, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps which, once effective, may result in the Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared swaps. While requirements for central clearing, exchange-trading and posting and collection of margin is intended to reduce counterparty and credit risk, they do not eliminate these types of risks from a transaction. Swaps may still cause the Fund to lose money.
The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser was incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of the Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used.
Asset Segregation Practices with respect to Derivatives. As an investment company registered with the SEC, the Frontier Markets Fund must identify on its books (often referred to as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC or SEC-staff approved or other appropriate measures, to “cover” open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments that expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. In the case of such derivative instruments that do not cash settle, for example, the Fund must identify on its books liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument while the positions are open, to the extent there is not a permissible offsetting position or a contractual “netting” agreement with respect to swaps (other than credit default swaps where the Fund is the protection seller). However, with respect to certain forwards, futures, options, swaps and other such derivative instruments that are required to cash settle, the Fund may identify liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the instrument, if any, rather than its full notional amount. The Fund reserves the right to modify its asset segregation policies in the future in its discretion, consistent with the 1940 Act and SEC or SEC staff guidance. By identifying assets equal to only its net obligations under certain instruments, the Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to identify assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument.
Risk Factors Relating to Derivatives. The Fund may invest in derivatives contracts to the extent set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity which involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, and there can be no guarantee that their use will increase the return of the Fund. While the use of these instruments by the Fund may reduce certain risks associated with owning its portfolio securities, these techniques themselves entail certain other risks. If the Adviser applies a strategy at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions or trends incorrectly, such strategies may lower the Fund’s return. Certain strategies limit the potential of the Fund to realize gains as well as limit their exposure to losses. The Fund could also experience losses if the prices of its derivatives positions were poorly correlated with its other investments.
Imperfect Correlation of Hedging Instruments with the Fund’s Portfolio. The ability of the Fund to effectively hedge all or a portion of its portfolio through transactions in derivatives will depend on the degree to which price movements in the underlying instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of that Fund’s portfolio. If the values of portfolio securities being hedged do not move in the same amount or direction as the instruments underlying the derivatives contracts traded, the Fund’s hedging strategy may not be successful and the Fund could sustain losses on its hedging strategy that would not be offset by gains on its portfolio. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation
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between the instrument underlying a derivatives contract and the portfolio securities being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the portfolio securities. In such instances, the Fund’s overall return could be less than if the hedging transaction had not been undertaken.
In the case of derivatives contracts based on an index of securities or individual fixed income securities, the portfolio will not duplicate the components of the index, and in the case of derivatives contracts on fixed income securities, the portfolio securities that are being hedged may not be the same type of obligation underlying such contracts. As a result, the correlation probably will not be exact. Consequently, the Fund bears the risk that the price of the portfolio securities being hedged will not move in the same amount or direction as the underlying index or obligation. In addition, where the Fund enters into forward contracts as a “cross hedge” (i.e., the purchase or sale of a forward contract on one currency to hedge against risk of loss arising from changes in value of a second currency), the Fund incurs the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the two currencies, which could result in losses.
The correlation between prices of securities and prices of derivatives contracts may be distorted due to differences in the nature of the markets, such as differences in margin requirements, the liquidity of such markets and the participation of speculators in the option, futures contract and forward contract markets. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate trends by the Adviser may still not result in a successful transaction. The trading of options on futures contracts also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option. The risk of imperfect correlation, however, generally tends to diminish as the maturity or termination date of the futures contract or forward contract approaches.
Dependence on the Ability of the Adviser. The trading of derivatives contracts also entails the risk that, if the Adviser’s judgment as to the general direction of interest or exchange rates or market values is incorrect, the Fund’s overall performance may be poorer than if it had not entered into any such contract. For example, if the Fund has hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates, and rates instead decline, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the securities being hedged, and may be required to meet ongoing daily variation margin payments.
Non-Hedging Transactions. The Fund may purchase and write options (or enter into other derivatives contracts) not only for hedging purposes or cash management purposes, but also as a substitute for investing directly in securities or as part of a strategy to gain exposure to characteristics of investments in different markets through efficient portfolio management techniques for the purpose of attempting to enhance its return. As a result, the Fund will incur the risk that losses on such transactions will not be offset by corresponding increases in the value of portfolio securities or decreases in the cost of securities to be acquired.
Potential Lack of a Liquid Market. Prior to exercise or expiration, a position in an exchange-traded derivatives contract can only be terminated by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction, which requires a market for such instruments on the exchange on which the initial transaction was entered into. If no such market exists, it may not be possible to close out a position, and the Fund could be required to purchase or sell the underlying instrument or meet ongoing variation margin requirements. The inability to close out derivatives positions also could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability effectively to hedge its portfolio.
The liquidity of a market in an exchange-traded derivatives contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits,” established by the exchanges, which limit the amount of fluctuation in the price of a contract during a single trading day and prohibit trading beyond such limits once they have been reached. Such limits could prevent the Fund from liquidating open positions, which could render its strategy unsuccessful and result in trading losses. The exchanges on which derivatives contracts are
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traded have also established a number of limitations governing the maximum number of positions which may be held by a trader, whether acting alone or in concert with others. Further, the purchase and sale of exchange-traded derivatives contracts is subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing corporation equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm, intervening broker or clearing corporation or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.
Options on Futures Contracts. In order to profit from the purchase of an option on a futures contract, it may be necessary to exercise the option and liquidate the underlying futures contract, subject to all of the risks of futures trading. The writer of an option on a futures contract is subject to the risks of futures trading, including the requirement of initial and variation margin deposits.
Writing Option Contracts. By writing a call option on a portfolio security, the Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. By writing a put option, the Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price above its then-current market value, resulting in a loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value. The writing of options will not be undertaken by the Fund solely for hedging purposes, and may involve certain risks that are not present in the case of hedging transactions. Moreover, even where options are written for hedging purposes, such transactions will constitute only a partial hedge against declines in the value of portfolio securities or against increases in the value of securities to be acquired, up to the amount of the premium.
Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that additional government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent the Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent the Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of past, present or future legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. It is possible that legislative and regulatory activity could limit or restrict the ability of the Fund to use certain instruments as a part of its investment strategy. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Fund engages in derivatives transactions could also prevent the Fund from using certain instruments.
There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Fund or the ability of the Fund to continue to implement its investment strategies. The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading. The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S. is subject to modification by government and judicial action.
In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) has changed the way in which the U.S. financial system is supervised and regulated. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a new legislative framework for over-the-counter derivatives, including financial instruments, such as swaps, in which the Fund may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act made broad changes to the over-the-counter derivatives market, granted significant new authority to the SEC, CFTC and banking regulators to regulate over-the-counter derivatives and market participants, and required clearing, exchange trading and posting of margin for many over-the-counter derivatives transactions to such events.
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Also, any additional future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. Any such adverse future developments could impair the effectiveness of the Fund’s derivatives transactions and cause the Fund to lose value. In addition, other future regulatory developments may impact the Fund’s ability to use or maintain certain derivatives positions. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which the Fund itself is regulated. HSBC cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of the Fund to use swaps or any other financial derivative product, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.
In November 2019, the SEC published a proposed rulemaking related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered investment companies that would, if adopted, for the most part rescind the guidance of the SEC and its staff regarding asset segregation and cover transactions. Instead of complying with current guidance, funds would need to trade derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions) subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit, certain other derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements would apply unless a fund qualified as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the SEC’s proposal. A fund trading reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the fund’s asset coverage ratio. Reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would not be included in the calculation of whether a fund is a limited derivatives user, but for funds subject to the VaR testing, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions would be included for purposes of such testing. Any new requirements, if adopted, may increase the cost of a fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
Additional Risks of Transactions Related to Foreign Currencies and Transactions Not Conducted on the United States Exchanges. The available information on which the Fund will make trading decisions concerning transactions related to foreign currencies or foreign securities may not be as complete as the comparable data on which the Fund makes investment and trading decisions in connection with other transactions. Moreover, because the foreign currency market is a global, 24-hour market, and the markets for foreign securities as well as markets in foreign countries may be operating during non-business hours in the United States, events could occur in such markets which would not be reflected until the following day, thereby rendering it more difficult for the Fund to respond in a timely manner.
Transactions on exchanges located in foreign countries may not be conducted in the same manner as those entered into on U.S. exchanges, and may be subject to different margin, exercise, settlement or expiration procedures. As a result, many of the risks of over-the-counter trading may be present in connection with such transactions. Moreover, the SEC or the CFTC has jurisdiction over the trading in the United States of many types of over-the-counter and foreign instruments, and such agencies could adopt regulations or interpretations that would make it difficult or impossible for the Fund to enter into the trading strategies identified herein or to liquidate existing positions.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, the Fund may receive interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or redemption of such securities, in foreign currencies. The Fund may also be required to receive delivery of the foreign currencies underlying options on foreign currencies or forward contracts it has entered into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by the Fund is exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract it has entered into. In addition, the Fund may elect to take delivery of such currencies. Under such circumstances, the Fund may promptly convert the foreign
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currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Alternatively, the Fund may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time if the Adviser believes that the exchange rate at the time of delivery is unfavorable or if, for any other reason, the Adviser anticipates favorable movements in such rates.
While the holding of currencies will permit the Fund to take advantage of favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes the Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to the Fund’s position. Such losses could also adversely affect the Fund’s hedging strategies. Certain tax requirements may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to hold currencies.
Counterparty Credit Risk. Many of the protections afforded to cleared derivatives transactions, such as the security afforded by transacting through a clearing house, might not be available in connection with over-the-counter transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which the Fund enters into uncleared over-the-counter transactions, the Fund will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transaction and that the Fund will sustain losses. In addition, over-the-counter derivatives transactions can only be entered into with a financial institution willing to take the opposite side, as principal, of the Fund’s position. This could make it difficult or impossible to enter into a desired transaction or liquidate open positions, and could therefore result in trading losses.
EMERGING MARKETS
The Funds may invest in emerging markets to the extent set forth in the Prospectus or in other sections of this SAI, and these investments present greater risk than investing in foreign issuers in general.
A number of emerging markets restrict foreign investment in domestic securities. Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging market countries, which may make it difficult for the Funds to invest in such emerging markets countries. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, and required governmental approval for such repatriation. In addition, a number of the currencies of developing countries have experienced significant declines against the U.S. dollar in the past, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Many of the emerging securities markets are relatively small, have low trading volumes, suffer periods of relative illiquidity, and are characterized by significant price volatility. There is the risk that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, exchange controls (including repatriation restrictions), tariffs and/or trade embargoes, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies, any of which could have a detrimental effect on a Fund’s investments. To the extent that an emerging country cannot generate a trade surplus, it must depend on continuing loans from foreign governments, multilateral organizations or private commercial banks, aid payments from foreign governments and on inflows of foreign investment. The access of emerging countries to these forms of external funding may not be certain, and a withdrawal of external funding could adversely affect the capacity of emerging country governmental entities to make payments on their obligations. In addition, the cost of servicing emerging country debt obligations can be affected by a change in international interest rates because the majority of these obligations carry interest rates that are adjusted periodically based upon international rates.
Investing in many former communist or socialist countries involves the additional risk that the government or other executive or legislative bodies may decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs and could follow radically different political and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including non-market oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the expense of other sectors or a return to a completely centrally planned economy. It is possible, particularly
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in markets in emerging market countries, that purported securities in which the Funds invest may subsequently be found to be fraudulent and as a consequence the Funds could suffer losses.
Additional risk factors include, but are not limited to, the following: varying custody, brokerage and settlement practices; difficulty in valuation and pricing; less public information about issuers of non-U.S. securities; less governmental regulation and supervision over the issuance and trading of securities; the unavailability of financial information regarding the non-U.S. issuer or the difficulty of interpreting financial information prepared under non-U.S. accounting standards; the imposition of withholding and other taxes; adverse political, social or diplomatic developments limitations on the movement of funds or other assets of an investor between different countries; difficulties in invoking the legal process outside the United States and enforcing contractual obligations; and the difficulty of assessing economic trends in non-U.S. countries. Investment in non-U.S. countries also involves higher brokerage and custodian expenses than does investment in U.S. securities traded on a U.S. securities exchange or market. The occurrence of adverse events affecting one particular emerging market country or region could have more widespread effect and adversely impact the global trading market for emerging market instruments. Many of the laws that govern private and foreign investment, securities transactions and other contractual relationships in certain emerging market countries, are relatively new and largely untested. As a result, an investor may be subject to a number of unusual risks, including inadequate investor protection, contradictory legislation, incomplete, unclear and changing local and state laws, disregard of regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of established or effective avenues for legal redress, absence of standard practices and confidentiality customs characteristic of more developed markets and lack of consistent enforcement of existing regulations. Furthermore, it may be difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in certain countries in which assets of an investor are invested. There can be no assurance that this difficulty in protecting and enforcing rights will not have a material adverse effect on an investor (such as a Fund) and its investments.
The term “emerging markets” includes any country: (i) having an “emerging stock market” as defined by the International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low- to middle-income economies according to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”); or (iii) determined by the Adviser to be an emerging market as described above. The Adviser may consider a country to be an emerging markets country if it has characteristics similar to those of a country identified in (i) or (ii) above, such as similar political or economic instability or immature financial or capital markets. Currently, these countries generally include every country in the world except Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Company Debt. Governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector through the partial or complete ownership or control of many companies, including some of the largest in any given country. As a result, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in emerging markets, which in turn, may adversely affect companies in the private sector, general market conditions and prices and yields of certain of the securities held by a Fund. Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, political, economic or social instability or other similar developments have occurred frequently over the history of certain emerging markets and could adversely affect the Funds’ assets should these conditions recur.
Sovereign Debt and Supranational Debt Obligations. The Funds may invest in sovereign and supranational debt obligations. Investments in sovereign and supranational debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, agencies, and supranational entities (“sovereign debt obligations”)
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can involve a high degree of risk. The issuers of the sovereign debt securities in which the Funds may invest have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which have led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt obligations may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest averages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt obligations. Holders of sovereign debt obligations (including a Fund) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt obligations on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.
The total public debt of governments as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008 financial downturn. Although high levels of debt do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, high levels of debt may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may increase borrowing costs and cause a government to issue additional debt, thereby increasing the risk of refinancing. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its debt. Unsustainable debt levels can decline the valuation of currencies, and can prevent a government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy during economic downturns.
Emerging market governmental issuers are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions. Certain emerging market governmental issuers have not been able to make payments of interest on or principal of debt obligations as those payments have come due. Obligations arising from past restructuring agreements may affect the economic performance and political and social stability of those issuers.
The ability of emerging market governmental issuers to make timely payments on their obligations is likely to be influenced strongly by the issuer’s balance of payments, including export performance, and its access to international credits and investments. An emerging market whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities could be vulnerable to a decline in the international prices of one or more of those commodities. Increased protectionism on the part of an emerging market’s trading partners could also adversely affect the country’s exports and tarnish its trade account surplus, if any. To the extent that emerging markets receive payment for their exports in currencies other than U.S. dollars or non-emerging market currencies, their ability to make debt payments denominated in U.S. dollars or non-emerging market currencies could be affected.
Another factor bearing on the ability of emerging market countries to repay debt obligations is the level of international reserves of the country. Fluctuations in the level of these reserves affect the amount of
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foreign exchange readily available for external debt payments and thus could have a bearing on the capacity of emerging market countries to make payments on these debt obligations.
Liquidity, Trading Volume, and Regulatory Oversight. The securities markets of emerging market countries are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the United States. The lack of liquidity could have an adverse effect on the value of a Fund’s holdings, and on a Fund’s ability to dispose of such holdings in response to a specific adverse economic event, such as the deterioration in credit worthiness of a particular debtor. Some of the securities of countries that may be selected by the Adviser for purchase or sale by a Fund may have insufficient market liquidity to allow the relevant Fund to purchase such securities in such amounts or at such prices as the Adviser may deem reasonable for investment under such strategy and/or there may not be a readily available means by which the Fund can gain exposure to such country’s securities markets. Foreign investors in emerging markets may be limited in their ability to invest in certain industries. In addition, there is often a limit on total foreign holdings. To the extent that the ceiling has been reached in that industry, further investment by foreign investors may not be permitted. Accordingly, the ability of a Fund to invest in certain companies may be restricted, and there can be no assurance that additional restrictions on investments permissible for foreign investors will not be imposed in the future.
The limited size of many emerging market securities markets and limited trading volume in the securities of emerging market issuers compared to the volume of trading in the securities of U.S. issuers could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions. Adverse publicity and investors’ perceptions, whether or not based on in-depth fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of portfolio securities.
Disclosure and regulatory standards in emerging markets are in many respects less stringent than U.S. standards. Issuers in lesser developed and emerging markets are subject to accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements that differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of such an issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There is substantially less publicly available information about such issuers than there is about U.S. issuers. In addition, such issuers are not subject to regulations similar to the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which imposes many restrictions and mandates on the activities of companies. There is less regulation and monitoring by regulators of lesser developed and emerging market securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Moreover, issuers of securities in lesser developed and emerging markets are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, shareholder proxy requirements and the timely disclosure of information. There is also less publicly available information about lesser developed and emerging market companies than U.S. companies.
Default, Legal Recourse. The Funds may have limited legal recourse in the event of a default with respect to certain debt obligations it may hold. If the issuer of a fixed income security owned by a Fund defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Debt obligations issued by emerging market governments differ from debt obligations of private entities; remedies from defaults on debt obligations issued by emerging market governments, unlike those on private debt, must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself. A Fund’s ability to enforce its rights against private issuers may be limited. The ability to attach assets to enforce a judgment may be limited. Legal recourse is therefore somewhat diminished. Bankruptcy, moratorium and other similar laws applicable to private issuers of debt obligations may be substantially different from those of other countries. Moreover, if a Fund obtains a judgment in a U.S. court, it may be difficult to enforce such judgment in the emerging market because
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the emerging market may not be a party to any international treaty with respect to the recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments. Provisions of emerging markets laws regulate the enforcement of foreign judgments and such laws may contain broad exceptions and involve long delays in obtaining a judgment. For example, an emerging markets court may not enforce any foreign judgment if it viewed the amount of damages awarded as excessive or inconsistent with practice in that country. A party seeking to enforce a foreign judgment in an emerging market may also be required to obtain approval from the central bank of that emerging market to execute such judgment or to repatriate any amount recovered outside of the emerging market. The political context, expressed as an emerging market governmental issuer’s willingness to meet the terms of the debt obligation, for example, is of considerable importance. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt may not contest payments to the holders of debt obligations in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.
Certain Risks of Holding Assets Outside the United States. A Fund generally holds its non-U.S. securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business, and therefore expose a Fund to additional risks. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight of their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries limit a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security, or any of their agents, goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for a Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount a Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in higher operating expenses for the Fund as compared to funds that invest only in the United States.
Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement and clearance procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically associated with the settlement of U.S. investments. At times, settlements in certain foreign countries have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions. These problems may make it difficult for a Fund to carry out transactions. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable for any losses incurred.
Inflation. Many emerging markets have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have adverse effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. In an attempt to control inflation, wage and price controls have been imposed in certain countries. Of these countries, some, in recent years, have begun to control inflation through prudent economic policies.
Withholding. Income from securities held by a Fund could be reduced by a withholding tax on the source or other taxes imposed by the emerging market countries in which the Fund makes its investments. A Fund’s NAV may also be affected by changes in the rates or methods of taxation applicable to the Fund or to entities in which the Fund has invested.
Foreign Currencies. A Fund’s investments in emerging markets securities involve risks relating to currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currencies in which the Fund’s portfolio securities are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another. Some emerging market
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countries also may have managed currencies, which are not free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, there is risk that certain emerging market countries may restrict the free conversion of their currencies into other currencies. Further, certain emerging market currencies may not be internationally traded. Certain of these currencies have experienced a steep devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which a Fund’s portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund’s NAV.
EQUITY SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in equity securities including common stock, preferred stock, warrants or rights to subscribe to common stock and, in general, any security that is convertible into or exchangeable for common stock. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks that may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Rights represent a privilege granted to existing shareholders of a corporation to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public. The value of convertible equity securities is also affected by prevailing interest rates, the credit quality of the issuer and any call provisions. Fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the NAV of that Fund to fluctuate.
Common stock generally takes the form of shares in a corporation. The value of a company’s stock may fall as a result of factors directly relating to that company, such as decisions made by its management or lower demand for the company’s products or services. A stock’s value also may fall because of factors affecting not just the company, but also companies in the same industry or in a number of different industries, such as increases in production costs. The value of a company’s stock also may be affected by changes in financial markets that are relatively unrelated to the company or its industry, such as changes in interest rates or currency exchange rates. In addition, a company’s stock generally pays dividends only after the company invests in its own business and makes required payments to holders of its bonds, other debt and preferred stock. For this reason, the value of a company’s stock will usually react more strongly than its bonds, other debt and preferred stock to actual or perceived changes in the company’s financial condition or prospects.
Investments in small companies involve greater risk than is customarily associated with larger, more established companies due to the greater business risks of small size, limited markets and financial resources, narrow product lines and the frequent lack of depth or experience of management. These companies may be in the developmental stage or may be older companies undergoing significant changes. As a result, the prices of small-cap companies may rise and fall more sharply. The securities of small companies are often traded over-the-counter, and may not be traded in volumes typical of securities traded on a national securities exchange. Consequently, the securities of small companies may have limited market stability and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than securities of larger, more established companies or the market averages in general.
Securities of companies considered to be growth investments may have rapid price swings in the event of earnings disappointments or during periods of market, political, regulatory and economic uncertainty. Securities of companies considered to be value investments can continue to be undervalued for long periods of time and not realize their expected value.
EURODOLLAR AND YANKEE BANK OBLIGATIONS
The Frontier Markets Fund may invest in Eurodollar bank obligations and Yankee bank obligations. Eurodollar bank obligations are dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee bank obligations are dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks.
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Eurodollar and Yankee obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent Yankee bank) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from freely flowing across its borders. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS
Exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are investment companies that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF generally represents a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. A Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. An investment in an ETF, like one in any investment company, carries the same risks as those of its underlying securities. An ETF may fail to accurately track the returns of the market segment or index that it is designed to track, and the price of an ETF’s shares may fluctuate or lose money. In addition, because they, unlike other investment companies, are traded on an exchange, ETFs are subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or discount to the ETF’s NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting ETFs should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of a Fund’s shares could also be substantially and adversely affected. See also “Investment Company Securities” below.
FINANCIAL SERVICES
The Frontier Markets Fund will, under normal market conditions, invest more than 25% of its total assets in the financial services group of industries. The financial services group of industries is deemed to include industries within the financial services sector, including banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, finance companies (e.g., automobile finance), and related asset-backed securities. Asset-backed securities will be grouped in industries based upon their underlying assets and not treated as constituting a single, separate industry. Accordingly, the Fund will have correspondingly greater exposure to the risk factors that are characteristic of such investments. In particular, investments in the financial services group of industries may be particularly affected by economic cycles, interest rate changes, and business developments and regulatory changes applicable to the financial services group of industries. For example, declining economic and business conditions can disproportionately impact companies in the financial services group of industries due to increased defaults on payments by borrowers. Interest rate increases can also adversely affect the financial services group of industries by increasing the cost of capital available for financial services companies. In addition, financial services companies are heavily regulated and, as a result, political and regulatory changes can affect the operations and financial results of such companies, potentially imposing additional costs and possibly restricting the businesses in which those companies may engage.
FIXED INCOME INSTRUMENTS
The Funds may invest in fixed income securities. To the extent a Fund invests in fixed income instruments, the value of the Fund’s investment may change as prevailing interest rates fluctuate. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to decline. A Fund’s investments in fixed income securities with longer terms to maturity or greater duration are subject to greater volatility
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than shorter-term obligations. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income-producing or fixed income securities. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates to rise (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions, etc.). The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and a Fund’s investments.
Outflows in the fixed income market could impose difficulties on dealers because the recent increase of assets in bond mutual funds and ETFs has not been matched with a proportionate increase in dealer capacity. As such, dealer inventories appear to be at an all-time low, relative to the market size. This reduction in market-making capacity by dealers has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in fixed income markets.
After purchase by a Fund, a security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the Fund. A security that has had its rating downgraded or revoked may be subject to greater risk to principal and income, and often involve greater volatility of price, than securities in the higher rating categories. Such securities are also subject to greater credit risks (including, without limitation, the possibility of default by or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities) than securities in higher rating categories.
FLOATING AND VARIABLE RATE OBLIGATIONS
Certain fixed income securities that the Frontier Markets Fund may purchase may have a floating or variable rate of interest. The interest payable on instruments with floating or variable rates of interest changes in accordance with specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rates, and at specified intervals. Certain floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by the Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the underlying instrument, or to a third party, at par value prior to maturity. The demand features of certain floating or variable rate obligations may permit the holder to tender the obligations to foreign banks, in which case the ability to receive payment under the demand feature will be subject to certain risks, as described under “Foreign Securities,” below.
Variable or floating rate demand notes may be issued by corporations, bank holding companies and financial institutions and similar taxable and tax-exempt instruments issued by government agencies and instrumentalities. These securities will typically have a maturity over one year but carry with them the right of the holder to put the securities to a remarketing agent or other entity at designated time intervals and on specified notice. The obligation of the issuer of the put to repurchase the securities may be backed by a letter of credit or other obligation issued by a financial institution. The purchase price is ordinarily par plus accrued and unpaid interest. Generally, the remarketing agent will adjust the interest rate every seven days (or-at other specified intervals) in order to maintain the interest rate at the prevailing rate for securities with a seven-day or other designated maturity.
The Fund may also buy variable rate master demand notes. The terms of the obligations permit the Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the borrower. These instruments permit weekly and, in some instances, daily changes in the amounts borrowed. The Fund has the right to increase the amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement, or to decrease the amount and the borrower may repay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. The notes may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit. Because the notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and the borrower, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded, and there is no secondary market for them, although they are redeemable (and, thus, immediately repayable by the borrower) at principal amount, plus accrued interest, at any time. In connection with any such purchase and on an ongoing basis,
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the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes make demand simultaneously. While master demand notes, as such, are not typically rated by credit rating agencies, the Fund may, under its minimum rating standards, invest in them only if, at the time of an investment, the issuer meets the criteria for the relevant Fund’s investment in money market instruments.
Investments in floating or variable rate securities may involve industrial development or revenue bonds which provide that the rate of interest is set as a specific percentage of a designated base rate, such as rates on U.S. Treasury bonds or bills or the prime rate at a major commercial bank, and that a bondholder can demand payment of the obligations on short notice at par plus accrued interest. While there is usually no established secondary market for issues of this type of security, the dealer that sells an issue of such securities frequently also offers to repurchase such securities at any time, at a repurchase price which varies and may be more or less than the amount the bondholder paid for them.
Because of the variable rate nature of the instruments, during periods when prevailing interest rates decline, the Fund’s yield will decline and its shareholders will forgo the opportunity for capital appreciation. On the other hand, during periods when prevailing interest rates increase, the Fund’s yield will increase and its shareholders will have reduced risk of capital depreciation. In certain cases, the interest rate index on which an instrument’s yield is based may not rise and fall to the same extent or as quickly as the general market for municipal obligations. These instruments are considered derivatives and the value of such instruments may be more volatile than other floating rate municipal obligations.
The maturity of floating or variable rate obligations (including participation interests therein) is deemed to be the longer of (i) the notice period required before the Fund is entitled to receive payment of the obligation upon demand, or (ii) the period remaining until the obligation’s next interest rate adjustment. If not redeemed for the Fund through the demand feature, an obligation matures on a specified date that may range up to 30 years from the date of issuance.
The Funds may invest in floating or variable rate obligations that use the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as a reference interest rate. In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that LIBOR will cease to be available for use after 2021. The unavailability or replacement (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities) of LIBOR may affect the value, liquidity or return on certain Fund investments and may result in costs incurred in connection with closing out positions and entering into new trades. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on the Fund or on certain instruments in which the Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to: (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments that could apply on a market-wide basis. For example, certain of the Fund’s investments may involve individual contracts that have no existing fallback provision or language that contemplates the discontinuation of LIBOR, and those investments could experience increased volatility or reduced liquidity as a result of the transition process. In addition, interest rate provisions included in such contracts may need to be renegotiated in contemplation of the transition away from LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by the Fund, a reduction in the effectiveness of related Fund transactions, such as hedges, or a reduction in the value of any payments due to the Fund that are linked to LIBOR. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to the Fund.
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FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in foreign currency exchange-related securities.
Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants such as Currency Exchange Warrants (SM) (“CEWs”(SM)), are warrants which entitle the holder to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk that, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese yen or the Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required to either sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants) and, in the case the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. Warrants are generally unaccrued obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (the “OCC”). Unlike foreign currency options issued by the OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to complex political or economic factors.
Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (“PERLs”(SM)) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on “standard” PERLs is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; “reverse” PERLs are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower
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interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLs may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper (“PIPs”(SM)) is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on PIPs is established at maturity as a function of the spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
FOREIGN SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in foreign securities. Investing in securities issued by companies whose principal business activities are outside the United States may involve significant risks not present in domestic investments. For example, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies, particularly those not subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements of the U.S. securities laws. Foreign issuers are generally not bound by uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Foreign securities, including those of emerging and frontier market issuers, are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political and regulatory risks. Investments in foreign securities also involve the risk of possible adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (including repatriation restrictions), tariffs and/or trade embargoes, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, other taxes imposed by the foreign country on a Fund’s earnings, assets, or transactions, limitation on the removal of cash or other assets of a Fund, political or financial instability, the imposition of economic sanctions, or diplomatic and other developments which could affect such investments. A Fund may determine not to invest in, or may limit its overall investment in, a particular issuer, country, or geographic region due to, among other things, heightened risks regarding repatriation restrictions, confiscation of assets and property, expropriation or nationalization. Further, economies of particular countries or areas of the world may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The currency in which a Fund’s assets are denominated may be devalued against the U.S. dollar, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Furthermore, dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than those that apply to domestic custodial arrangements, and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States or in other foreign countries.
Euro-Related Risks. In the past, economic crises have brought several small economies in Europe to the brink of bankruptcy and many other economies into recession and weakened the banking and financial sectors of many European countries. In addition, due to large public deficits, some European countries may be dependent on assistance from other European governments and institutions or multilateral agencies and offices. Assistance may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms or reaching a certain level of performance. Failure to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance
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could result in a deep economic downturn that could significantly affect the value of a Fund’s European investments. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (“EMU”) is comprised of the European Union members that have adopted the euro currency. By adopting the euro as its currency, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary controls implemented by the EMU. The euro currency may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally. It is possible that EMU member countries could abandon the euro and return to a national currency and/or that the euro will cease to exist as a single currency in its current form. The effects of such an abandonment or a country’s forced expulsion from the euro on that country, the rest of the EMU, and global markets are impossible to predict, but are likely to be negative.
In a June 2016 referendum, citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU. In March 2017, the United Kingdom formally notified the European Council of its intention to withdraw from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”) by invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, which triggered a two-year period of negotiations on the terms of Brexit. Brexit has resulted in volatility in European and global markets and could have significant negative impacts on financial markets in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the United Kingdom and the EU is unclear at this stage and is likely to lead to ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the United Kingdom and in wider European markets for some time. In particular, the decision made in the British referendum may lead to a call for similar referenda in other European jurisdictions, which may cause increased economic volatility in European and global markets. This mid-to long-term uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the economy generally and on the value of a Fund’s investments. This may be due to, among other things: fluctuations in asset values and exchange rates; increased illiquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the United Kingdom, the EU or elsewhere; changes in the willingness or ability of counterparties to enter into transactions at the price and terms on which a Fund is prepared to transact; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which certain of the Fund’s assets are or become subject. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the United Kingdom’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of a Fund’s assets or investments economically tied to the United Kingdom or Europe.
The effects of Brexit will depend, in part, on agreements the United Kingdom negotiates to retain access to EU markets including, but not limited to, trade and finance agreements. Brexit could lead to legal and tax uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. The extent of the impact of the withdrawal in the United Kingdom and in global markets as well as any associated adverse consequences remain unclear, and the uncertainty may have a significant negative effect on the value of a Fund’s investments. While certain measures are being proposed and/or will be introduced, at the EU level or at the member state level, which are designed to minimize disruption in the financial markets, it is not currently possible to determine whether such measures would achieve their intended effects.
On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU subject to a withdrawal agreement that permits the United Kingdom to effectively remain in the EU from an economic perspective during a transition phase that expires at the end of 2020. During this transition phase, the United Kingdom and the EU will seek to negotiate and finalize a new, more permanent trade deal. Due to political uncertainty, it is not possible to anticipate whether the United Kingdom and the EU will be able to agree on and implement a new trade agreement or what the nature of such trade arrangement will be. In the event that no agreement is reached, the relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU would be based on the World Trade Organization rules.
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Asia (including the Middle East) Related Risks. Many Asian countries are considered emerging or frontier markets, and these markets can be less economically and politically stable than developed markets such as the United States. The Asian region may be adversely affected by social, political, economic and regulatory developments, including long-running border and diplomatic disputes with neighboring countries or the international community. For example, the Asian region, and particularly China and South Korea, may be adversely affected by the social, political, economic and regulatory developments in North Korea and its relationship to the international community, including the United States. In addition, China’s long-running conflict over Taiwan, border disputes with many of its neighbors, including Vietnam and Japan, and historically challenging relations with Japan could adversely impact economies in the region. Other potential sources of unrest include nuclear arms threats between India and Pakistan and separatist, ethnic and sectarian violence occurring in Indonesia and the Middle East. Such unrest would likely have a negative impact on the economies and securities markets in this region. Moreover, the Asian region has historically been prone to natural disasters, which have in the past, and may continue to, negatively impact the economy of a country in the Asian region.
The economies of many Asian countries differ from the economies of more developed countries in numerous respects, such as, financial system stability, rate of growth, inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, the national balance of payments, sensitivity to global trade, and with respect to many countries within the Middle East, the sensitivity to the price of oil. Some Asian countries are highly dependent upon and may be affected by developments in other Asian countries, the United States and Europe as a result of their dependency on international trade. Changes in diplomatic relations, trade barriers or global export flows may have a significant impact on a particular Asian country or on the region as a whole. For example, the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers by the United States or foreign governments on exports from China could adversely impact economies in China and the surrounding region.
There may be less publicly available information about companies in many Asian countries. In addition, some Asian securities are not rated by rating agencies like S&P, Moody’s, or Fitch; or if they rated, they may be rated below investment grade (referred to as “junk bonds,” which are typically speculative securities, and include unrated securities, regardless of quality), which may have a greater risk of default.
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Moreover, the stock exchanges and financial and securities industries in many Asian countries do not generally have the level of government and regulatory oversight as in the United States or Europe. Financial intermediaries in countries in this region may not operate or perform as well as their counterparts in more developed securities capital markets. The auditing and reporting standards in some Asian emerging market countries also may not yield the same degree of shareholder protection or information to investors as those of developed countries. Specifically, the valuation of assets, depreciation, exchange differences, deferred taxation, contingent liability and consolidation may be treated differently in Asian countries than under the auditing and reporting standards that exist in more developed countries. As the legal systems in many Asian countries continue to develop, it may be more difficult to obtain or enforce a judgment.
The securities markets of many Asian countries are also significantly smaller, less liquid and more volatile than securities markets in the United States and Europe. Certain countries in this region are also undergoing a period of growth and change, which could lead to trading volatility and may impose difficulties regarding the operations, settlement and recording of securities transactions. Certain markets in these countries may also require significant withholding of dividends paid on portfolio securities and on realized capital gains, and there can be no assurance that repatriation of a Fund’s income, gains or initial capital from these countries will necessarily occur.
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Argentina-Related Risks. Investments in Argentinian issuers and companies that have significant ties to and/or economic exposure to Argentina involve risks specific to Argentina, including legal, regulatory, political, and economic risks. Argentina has experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, political instability, and high unemployment rates. The Argentinian economy depends heavily on commodity exports, making it vulnerable to commodity prices. Reduction in spending on Argentinian products and services, changes to the economies of its trading partners, trade regulations, or currency exchange rates may adversely affect the Argentinian economy.
Argentina has experienced significant market volatility over the recent period. In 2018, Argentina’s market declined more than 50%, which was driven by the weakening peso. As a result, the Argentinian central bank raised interest rates multiple times unexpectedly and required the government to ask the International Monetary Fund for financial support. Continued adverse economic conditions in Argentina could have a negative impact on a Fund’s investments.
GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected. Social, political and economic conditions (including recent instability and volatility) and events (including, but not limited to, armed conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, social unrest, and government shutdowns) in
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one country, region or financial market, including a country, region or market in which a Fund has not invested, may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market, including a country, region or market in which a Fund has not invested. As a result, issuers of securities held by a Fund may experience significant declines in the value of their assets and even cease operations. Such conditions and/or events may not have the same impact on all types of securities and may expose a Fund to greater market or liquidity risk or cause difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Fund. This could cause a Fund to underperform other types of investments.
The severity or duration of such conditions and/or events may be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations. Instability in the financial markets has led governments across the globe to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support the financial markets. Future government regulation and/or intervention may also change the way in which a Fund is regulated and could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. For example, one or more countries that have adopted the euro may abandon that currency and/or withdraw from the European Union, which could disrupt global markets and affect the liquidity and value of a Fund’s investments, regardless of whether the Fund has significant exposure to European markets. The risk of investing in Europe may be heightened due to the referendum in which the United Kingdom voted to exit the European Union. In addition, countries in the Asian region (particularly China) may be adversely affected by social, political, economic and regulatory developments, including long-running border and diplomatic disputes with neighboring countries or the international community, that could adversely impact economies within individual Asian countries or the Asian region or the global market as a whole. Moreover, governments or their agencies may acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and may acquire ownership interests in those institutions, which may affect a Fund’s investments in ways that are unforeseeable.
In addition, in the United States, total public debt as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since 2008. High levels of national debt may raise concerns that the U.S. government will be unable to pay investors at maturity, may cause declines in currency valuations and may prevent the U.S. government from implementing effective fiscal policy. In 2011, Standard & Poor’s lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States, which may affect the market price and yields of certain U.S. Government securities. Export-driven economies, including the economies of a number of Asian countries, may be adversely affected by the U.S. and other large economies, with which they do business.
ILLIQUID INVESTMENTS, RULE 144A SECURITIES, AND SECTION 4(a)(2) SECURITIES
A Fund may purchase securities that are not registered or that are offered in exempt non-public offerings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”) (“Restricted Securities”), including securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”) or commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) under the 1933 Act (“4(a)(2) Securities”). However, pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not acquire any “illiquid investment” if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” is any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments may include certain Restricted Securities, certain over-the-counter derivatives instruments, or securities or other financial instruments that are not readily marketable. The Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4, and the Board has approved the designation of the Fund Liquidity Review Group to administer the Trust’s liquidity risk management program.
Pursuant to the Trust’s liquidity risk management program, the Fund Liquidity Review Group may
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determine that a particular Rule 144A Security, 4(a)(2) Security, or other investment is not illiquid and thus not subject to the limit on investment in illiquid investments based upon a review of relevant market, trading, and investment-specific considerations, including (1) the existence of an active market; (2) the number, diversity and quality of market participants and any dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (3) the frequency of trades or quotes; (4) restrictions on trading and limitations on transfer; and (5) such other factors that the Fund Liquidity Review Group determines, in its discretion, to be relevant.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, an investor becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, a Fund’s shareholders indirectly will bear the underlying fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses a Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with a Fund’s own operations. In addition, a Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such investment companies in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund invests therein. A Fund’s investment in the securities of other investment companies may be particularly significant following its launch or in situations where a Fund is unable to access a particular country or market.
Generally, under the 1940 Act and related rules, a Fund may purchase an unlimited amount of shares of an affiliated fund or a money market fund. A Fund may also purchase shares of an unaffiliated fund as long as: (i) the Fund doesn’t invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company (ETF or other mutual funds); (ii) the Fund doesn’t own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; or (iii) the Fund doesn’t invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies. A Fund may exceed the limits if (i) the unaffiliated fund or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from the 3% limitation from the SEC that is applicable to the Fund; and (ii) the unaffiliated fund and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, a Fund may exceed the 5% limitation and the 10% limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds.
Investments in securities issued by other investment companies present the following risks:
Allocation Risk: The risk that the Adviser’s target asset and sector allocations and changes in target asset and sector allocations cause a Fund to underperform other similar funds or cause you to lose money, and that a Fund may not achieve its target asset and sector allocations.
Underlying Fund Selection Risk: The risk that a Fund may invest in underlying funds that underperform other similar funds or the markets more generally, due to poor investment decisions by the investment adviser(s) for the underlying funds or otherwise.
MASTER LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS
The Opportunity Fund may invest in a Master Limited Partnership (“MLP”). Investments in securities of an MLP involve risks that differ from investments in common stock, including risks related to limited control and limited rights to vote on matters affecting the MLP, risks related to potential conflicts of interest between the MLP and the MLP’s general partner, cash flow risks, dilution risks and risks related to the general partner’s right to require unit-holders to sell their common units at an undesirable time or price, resulting from regulatory changes or other reasons. Certain MLP securities may trade in lower
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volumes due to their smaller capitalizations. Accordingly, those MLPs may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements and may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable the Opportunity Fund to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Investment in those MLPs may restrict the Opportunity Fund’s ability to take advantage of other investment opportunities. MLPs are generally considered interest-rate sensitive investments. During periods of interest rate volatility, these investments may not provide attractive returns.
To the extent a distribution received by the Opportunity Fund from an MLP is treated as a return of capital, the Fund’s adjusted tax basis in the interests of the MLP may be reduced, which will result in an increase in an amount of income or gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be recognized by the Opportunity Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any such interests or upon subsequent distributions in respect of such interests. Furthermore, any return of capital distribution received from the MLP may require the Opportunity Fund to restate the character of its distributions and amend any shareholder tax reporting previously issued. Moreover, a change in current tax law, or a change in the underlying business mix of a given MLP, could result in an MLP being treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which could result in a reduction of the value of the Opportunity Fund’s investment in the MLP and lower income to the Opportunity Fund.
MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS
Each Fund’s investments in money market instruments will consist of: (i) short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities; (ii) other short-term debt securities rated A or higher by Moody’s or S&P or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser ; (iii) commercial paper, including master demand notes; (iv) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits; (v) repurchase agreements; and (vi) shares of money market funds, which may include the Government Money Market Fund. Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issue. Securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
Considerations of liquidity and preservation of capital mean that a Fund may not necessarily invest in money market instruments paying the highest available yield at a particular time.
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Opportunity Fund may invest in mortgage-backed certificates and other securities representing ownership interests in mortgage pools, including CMOs. Interest and principal payments on the mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities are passed through to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities currently offer yields higher than those available from many other types of fixed income securities, but because of their prepayment aspects, their price volatility and yield characteristics will change based on changes in prepayment rates.
There are two methods of trading mortgage-backed securities. A specific pool transaction is a trade in which the pool number of the security to be delivered on the settlement date is known at the time the trade is made. This is in contrast with the typical mortgage transaction, called a TBA (to be announced) transaction, in which the type of mortgage securities to be delivered is specified at the time of trade but the actual pool numbers of the securities that will be delivered are not known at the time of the trade. For example, in a TBA transaction an investor could purchase $1 million of 30-year FNMA 9% mortgages and receive up to three pools on the settlement date. The pool numbers of the pools to be delivered at settlement will be announced shortly before settlement takes place. The terms of the TBA trade may be
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made more specific if desired. For example, an investor may request pools with particular characteristics, such as those that were issued prior to January 1, 1990. The most detailed specification of the trade is to request that the pool number be known prior to purchase. In this case, the investor has entered into a specific pool transaction. Generally, agency pass-through mortgage-backed securities are traded on a TBA basis. The specific pool numbers of the securities purchased do not have to be determined at the time of the trade.
Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity characteristics that are dependent on the mortgages underlying them. Thus, unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on these securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. In addition to scheduled loan amortization, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. Such prepayments may significantly shorten the effective durations of mortgage-backed securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in the rate of prepayments may significantly lengthen the effective durations of such securities.
Investment in mortgage-backed securities poses several risks, including interest rate, prepayment, market, and credit risk. Interest rate risk reflects the risk that, as interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities generally can be expected to fall. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages faster than expected, thereby affecting the investment’s average life and perhaps its yield. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages may also be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions.
Market risk reflects the risk that the price of the security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding, and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, and a fund invested in such securities wishing to sell them may find it difficult to find a buyer, which may in turn decrease the price at which they may be sold.
Credit risk reflects the risk that the Opportunity Fund may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations. Obligations issued by U.S. Government-related entities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions.
The financial crisis in 2007—particularly the increase in delinquencies and defaults on residential mortgages, falling home prices, and unemployment—had adversely affected the market for mortgage-related securities. In addition, various market and governmental actions may impair the ability to foreclose on or exercise other remedies against underlying mortgage holders, or may reduce the amount received upon foreclosure. These factors may cause mortgage-related securities to experience lower valuations and reduced liquidity. There is also no assurance that the U.S. Government will take action to support the mortgage-related securities industry, as it has in the past, should the economy experience another downturn. Further, future legislative and other government actions may significantly alter the manner in which the mortgage-related securities market functions. Each of these factors could ultimately increase the risk that the Opportunity Fund could realize losses on mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other
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forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is the GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) insured or Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks. FHLMC issues participation certificates (“PCs”) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHMLC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC.
The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The steps taken in connection with the conservatorship are both intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.
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FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.
In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.
Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations related to senior preferred stock. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to the Fund.
The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to FHLMC and FNMA and the issuance of senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of FHLMC and FNMA. FHLMC and FNMA must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things, (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of FHLMC’s and FNMA’s
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respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage- backed securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by FHLMC and FNMA provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of FHLMC and FNMA could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on FHLMC and FNMA by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on FHLMC’s and FNMA’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the U.S. Treasury, market responses to developments at FHLMC and FNMA, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by FHLMC and FNMA, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by the Opportunity Fund.
Under the direction of the FHFA, FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market. FNMA and FHLMC began issuing uniform mortgage-backed security in June 2019, and the effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets the Opportunity Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
The assets underlying mortgage-related securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.
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CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments. In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
FHLMC CMOs. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates that are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Unlike FHLMC PCs, payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semiannually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semiannual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which, in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.
If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds. Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make
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required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See “Other Mortgage-Related Securities -- Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities.” In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances the Opportunity Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may or, pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability and may be illiquid and subject to the limitation on illiquid investments.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (“SMBS”). SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or PO class). The cash flow and yields on IO and PO classes can be extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Opportunity Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Opportunity Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Although SMBS are typically purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be illiquid and subject to the limitation on illiquid investments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Securities - Types of Credit Support. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. To lessen the effect of failure by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, such securities may contain elements of credit support. Such credit support falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection; and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances,
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generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the pass-through of payments due on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default enhances the likelihood of ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. However, the Opportunity Fund is subject to the credit risk of the person or entities providing the credit enhancements.
The ratings of mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities for which third-party credit enhancement provides liquidity protection or protection against losses from default are generally dependent upon the continued creditworthiness of the provider of the credit enhancement. The ratings of such securities could be subject to reduction in the event of deterioration in the creditworthiness of the credit enhancement provider even in cases where the delinquency and loss experience on the underlying pool of assets is better than expected.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include “senior-subordinated securities” (multiple class securities with one or more classes subordinate to other classes as to the payment of principal thereof and interest thereon, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of “reserve funds” (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses) and “over-collateralization” (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceed those required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that which is anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security.
OPERATIONAL RISK
The Funds’ investments or their service providers may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. The use of certain investment strategies that involve manual or additional processing, such as over-the-counter derivatives, increases these risks. Although the Funds attempt to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
In addition, the Funds rely on various sources to calculate their NAV. Therefore, each Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a Fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. Each Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
OTHER DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS (CDRS, EDRS, GDRS)
The Funds may invest in securities that trade in the form of depositary receipts. European Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”), which are sometimes referred to as Continental Depositary Receipts (“CDRs”), are receipts issued in Europe typically by non-United States banks and trust companies that evidence
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ownership of either foreign or domestic securities. Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) are issued globally and evidence a similar ownership arrangement. Generally, ADRs in registered form are designed for use in the United States securities markets and EDRs and CDRs in bearer form are designed for use in Europe and GDRs are designed for trading in non-U.S. securities markets. The Funds may invest in EDRs, CDRs and GDRs through “sponsored” or “unsponsored” facilities. A sponsored facility is established jointly by the issuer of the underlying security and a depositary, whereas a depositary may establish an unsponsored facility without participation by the issuer of the deposited security. Holders of unsponsored depositary receipts generally bear all the costs of such facilities and the depositary of an unsponsored facility frequently is under no obligation to distribute shareholder communications received from the issuer of the deposited security or to pass through voting rights to holders of such receipts in respect of the deposited securities.
There are certain risks associated with investments in unsponsored depositary programs. Because the non-U.S. company does not actively participate in the creation of the depositary program, the underlying agreement for service and payment will be between the depositary and the shareholder. The company issuing the stock underlying the depositary receipts pays nothing to establish the unsponsored facility, as fees for depositary receipt issuance and cancellation are paid by brokers. Investors directly bear the expenses associated with certificate transfer, custody and dividend payment. In an unsponsored depositary program, there also may be several depositaries with no defined legal obligations to the non-U.S. company. The duplicate depositaries may lead to marketplace confusion because there would be no central source of information to buyers, sellers and intermediaries. The efficiency of centralization gained in a sponsored program can greatly reduce the delays in delivery of dividends and annual reports.
Although depositary receipts have risks similar to the securities that they represent, they may also involve higher expenses and may trade at a discount (or premium) to the underlying security. In addition, depositary receipts may not pass-through voting and other shareholder rights, and may be less liquid than the underlying securities listed on an exchange in the primary trading market. In addition, with respect to all depositary receipts, there is always the risk of loss due to currency fluctuations.
REAL ESTATE SECURITIES
The Opportunity Fund may invest in real estate investment trusts (“REITs”). REITs pool investors’ funds for investment primarily in income producing real estate or real estate loans or interests. A REIT is not taxed on income distributed to shareholders if it complies with several requirements relating to its organization, ownership, assets, and income and a requirement that it distributes to its shareholders substantially all of its taxable income (other than net capital gains) for each taxable year. Failure to comply with federal tax requirements may affect the value of the REIT, which could have adverse consequences on the Opportunity Fund. REITs can generally be classified as Equity REITs, Mortgage REITs and Hybrid REITs. Equity REITs, which invest the majority of their assets directly in real property, derive their income primarily from rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Mortgage REITs, which invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages, derive their income primarily from interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both Equity REITs and Mortgage REITs. The Opportunity Fund will not invest in real estate directly, but only in securities issued by real estate companies. These include declines in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, dependency on management skill, heavy cash flow dependency, possible lack of availability of mortgage funds, overbuilding, extended vacancies of properties, increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, losses due to costs resulting from the clean-up of environmental problems, liability to third parties for damages resulting from the environmental problems, terrorist acts, demographic trends, casualty or condemnation losses, limitation on rents, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, and changes in interest rates.
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REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Funds may invest in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, U.S. Treasuries, certificates of deposit and certain bankers’ acceptances. Repurchase agreements are transactions by which a portfolio or fund purchases a security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller (a bank or securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date (usually within seven days of purchase). The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon rate or date of maturity of the purchased security. Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in the underlying securities. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by the seller, a Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. The exercise of a Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans by an investment company under the 1940 Act. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities (such as commercial paper, corporate bonds, mortgage loans, and equities) may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the seller of the agreements defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, a Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of them. If the seller of the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a bankruptcy court may determine that the underlying securities are collateral not within the control of a Fund and therefore subject to sale by the trustee in bankruptcy. Finally, it is possible that a Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying securities. While the management of the Trust acknowledges these risks, it will attempt to control such risks through stringent security selection criteria and careful monitoring procedures.
RISKS OF QUALIFIED FINANCIAL CONTRACTS
Regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Act require that certain qualified financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts, forward contracts, repurchase agreements, and swap agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements, credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of a Fund or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. These requirements may impact a Fund’s credit and counterparty risks.
SHORT-TERM TRADING
The Funds may engage in short-term trading. Although the Funds will not make a practice of short-term trading, purchases and sales of securities will be made whenever necessary or desirable in the management’s view to achieve the investment objective of a Fund. A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” Management does not expect that in pursuing a Fund’s investment objective unusual portfolio turnover will be required and intends to keep turnover to a minimum consistent with each Fund’s investment objective. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. The management believes unsettled market economic conditions during certain periods require greater portfolio turnover in pursuing a Fund’s
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investment objectives than would otherwise be the case. A higher incidence of portfolio turnover will result in greater transaction costs to a Fund.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in U.S. Government securities to the extent set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI. U.S. Government securities include bills, notes, and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government.
Some U.S. Government securities are supported by the direct full faith and credit pledge of the U.S. Government; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies’ obligations; and others are supported only by the credit of the issuing or guaranteeing instrumentality. There is no assurance that the U.S. Government will be able or willing to repay any principal or interest when due, or will provide financial support to a U.S. Government agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise when it is not obligated by law to do so.
WARRANTS
The Funds may purchase or sell warrants. A warrant is an instrument issued by a corporation that gives the holder the right to subscribe to a specific amount of the corporation’s capital stock at a set price for a specified period of time. Warrants do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy the securities. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities. Warrants may be considered speculative in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of a corporation issuing them. Once a warrant expires, it has no value in the market. Warrant positions will not be used to increase the leverage of a Fund. Consequently, warrant positions are generally accompanied by cash positions equivalent to the required exercise amount.
WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED-DELIVERY SECURITIES
The Opportunity Fund may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis. For example, delivery of and payment for these securities can take place a month or more after the date of the transaction. The when-issued securities are subject to market fluctuation and no interest accrues to the purchaser during this period. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the purchaser enters into the commitment. Purchasing on a when-issued basis is a form of leveraging and can involve a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery. If the other party to a when-issued transaction fails to deliver or pay for the security, the Opportunity Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
For the purposes of this section, the term “Adviser” also includes the applicable Subadviser for the Funds, and the term “Fund” includes the Portfolio.
The Adviser manages each Fund generally without regard to restrictions on portfolio turnover. In general, a Fund will not trade for short-term profits, but when circumstances warrant, investments may be sold without regard to the length of time held. The primary consideration in placing portfolio security
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transactions with broker-dealers for execution is to obtain, and maintain the availability of, execution at the most favorable prices and in the most effective manner possible. The Adviser engages in portfolio trading for a Fund if it believes a transaction net of costs (including custodian charges) will help achieve the investment objective of the Fund. In managing a Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser seeks to take advantage of market developments, yield disparities and variations in the creditworthiness of issuers. Expenses to each Fund, including brokerage commissions, and the realization of capital gains that are taxable to the Fund’s shareholders tend to increase as the portfolio turnover increases.
For the fiscal periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, the portfolio turnover rate for each Fund or its Underlying Portfolio(s) was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 |
| Opportunity Fund(1) | 81% | 77% |
| Opportunity Fund (Class I)(1) | 81% | 77% |
| Frontier Markets Fund | 55% | 62% |
| (1) For each of the Feeder Funds, the turnover rate is calculated based upon the Fund’s interest in the Underlying Portfolio in which the Fund invested. | ||
If a Fund has a high portfolio turnover rate (e.g. 100% or more), transaction costs incurred by the Fund, and the realized capital gains and losses may be greater than those of a Fund with a lesser portfolio turnover rate. See “Portfolio Transactions” and “Tax Matters.”
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
For the purposes of this section, the term “Adviser” also includes the applicable Subadviser for the Funds, and the term “Fund” includes the Portfolio.
The Adviser is primarily responsible for portfolio decisions and the placing of portfolio transactions. The Trust has no obligation to deal with any broker-dealer or group of broker-dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities for the Funds. Allocation of transactions, including their frequency, to various broker-dealers is determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of each Fund’s shareholders rather than by any formula. In placing orders for each Fund, the primary consideration is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at the most favorable price, although each Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Other factors taken into consideration are the dealer’s general execution and operational facilities, the type of transaction involved and other factors such as the dealer’s risk in positioning the securities. To the extent consistent with applicable legal requirements, the Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of investments for a Fund with a broker-dealer affiliate of the Adviser.
The Adviser may, in circumstances in which two or more broker-dealers are in a position to offer comparable results, and subject to certain conditions, give preference to a broker-dealer that has provided statistical or other research services to the Adviser. By allocating transactions in this manner, the Adviser is able to supplement its research and analysis with the views and information of securities firms. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, include such matters as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities. Some of these services are of value to the Adviser in advising several of its clients (including the Funds), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing each Fund. The management fee paid from each Fund is not reduced because the Adviser and its affiliates receive such services.
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Generally, fixed income securities and money market securities are traded on a principal basis and do not involve brokerage commissions. Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with HSBC Bank USA, N.A. (“HSBC Bank”), the Adviser, a Fund or Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (“Foreside” or the “Distributor”) are generally prohibited from dealing with a Fund as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities. A Fund may purchase securities from underwriting syndicates of which the Distributor or other affiliate is a member under certain conditions in accordance with the provisions of a rule adopted under the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with the Adviser, a Fund or the Distributor may act as a broker for the Fund. In order for such persons to effect any portfolio transactions for a Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by such persons must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remunerations paid to other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on an exchange during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow the affiliate to receive no more than the remuneration that would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arms-length transaction. The Trustees of the Trust regularly review any commissions paid by the Funds to affiliated brokers. Unless authorized by law, the Funds will not do business with nor pay commissions to affiliates of the Adviser in any portfolio transactions where they act as principal. These restrictions may preclude the Funds from purchasing or selling, or may limit the Funds’ purchase and sale of, certain securities, particularly in Asian markets in which affiliates of the Adviser are active brokers or dealers with large market shares, including markets in which the Funds may invest. Moreover, these restrictions could potentially have an impact on a Fund’s performance and liquidity of portfolio holdings.
As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Adviser may cause a Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined in the 1934 Act) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for a Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, provided the Adviser determines in good faith that the greater commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or its respective overall responsibilities to the Fund or to its other clients. Not all of such services are useful or of value in advising each Fund.
The European Union’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID II”), which became effective January 3, 2018, requires investment managers and their clients that are regulated under MiFID II to pay for research services separately from trade execution services, either through their own resources or a research payment account funded by a specific charge to a client. MiFID II will restrict the use of soft dollars by affected investment managers. MiFID II’s research requirements present various compliance and operational considerations for investment advisers and broker-dealers serving clients in both the United States and the EU.
The term “brokerage and research services” includes advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts; and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. Although commissions paid on every transaction will, in the judgment of the Adviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage services provided, commissions exceeding those which another broker might charge may be paid to broker-dealers who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of the Funds and the Adviser’s other clients in part for providing advice as to the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities and services in effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. The SEC has published interpretative guidance that tightened previously existing standards concerning the types of expenses that qualify for
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the Section 28(e) safe harbor and set forth certain steps that investment advisers would need to take in order to ensure such qualification.
Investment decisions for each Fund and for the other investment advisory clients of the Adviser are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought for certain clients even though it could have been sold for other clients at the same time, and a particular security may be sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. Two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in that security are, insofar as practicable, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for a Fund and for other clients of the Adviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantage available to large denomination purchases or sales. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients in terms of the price paid or received or of the size of the position obtainable. It is recognized that, in some cases, this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as a Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, the Adviser believes that the Funds’ ability to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds.
The Board has adopted a policy to ensure compliance with Rule 12b-1(h) under the 1940 Act in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the Funds. Generally, Rule 12b-1(h) prohibits the Funds from compensating a broker-dealer for promotion or sale of Fund shares by directing to the broker-dealer securities transactions or remuneration received or to be received from such portfolio securities transactions.
If a Fund invests primarily in fixed income securities, it is anticipated that most purchases and sales will be with the issuer or with underwriters of or dealers in those securities, acting as principal. Accordingly, such Funds would not ordinarily pay significant brokerage commissions with respect to their securities transactions.
In the United States and in some other countries debt securities are traded principally in the over-the-counter market on a net basis through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. In other countries, both debt and equity securities are traded on exchanges at fixed commission rates. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriter’s commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased and sold from and to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. The Adviser normally seeks to deal directly with the primary market makers or on major exchanges unless, in its opinion, better prices are available elsewhere. Subject to the requirement of seeking best execution, securities may, as authorized by each Fund’s investment advisory contract, be bought from or sold to dealers who have furnished statistical, research and other information or services to the Adviser. At present, no arrangements for the recapture of commission payments are in effect.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Funds (or the Portfolio) paid aggregate brokerage commissions as shown in the following table:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Portfolio(1) | $147,566 | $141,155 | $204,330 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $29,829 | $111,722 | $133,519 |
| (1) Each of the Feeder Funds bears a proportionate share of the amounts applicable to the Portfolio, to the extent of their investment in the Portfolio. |
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During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Frontier Markets Fund acquired securities issued by its regular brokers or dealers, or their parent companies, as reflected in the table below. The following shows the aggregate holdings of the securities of each such issuer as of October 31, 2019. (For these purposes a regular broker or dealer includes any of the (a) ten brokers or dealers that received the greatest dollar amount of brokerage commissions by virtue of direct or indirect participation in the Trust’s portfolio transactions during its most recent fiscal year, (b) ten brokers or dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions of the Trust during its most recent fiscal year, or (c) ten brokers or dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of securities of the Fund during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.)
| Fund | Credit Agricole |
Societe’ Generale |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $157,121 | $107,593 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board has adopted policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Trust’s portfolio securities (the “Policy”). The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of holdings information where necessary to the Trust’s operation or useful to the Trust’s shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Trust. Disclosure of information regarding the portfolio holdings of the Funds occurs only upon the determination, by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders and that it does not present a conflict of interest between the shareholders and the Adviser, principal underwriter, or any affiliated person of the Funds, the Adviser, its principal underwriter, or any subadviser of the Funds.
Pursuant to applicable law, the Trust is required to disclose its complete portfolio holdings quarterly, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Trust discloses a complete schedule of investments in each Semi-Annual Report and Annual Report to Shareholders. Semi-Annual and Annual Reports are distributed to shareholders and are also available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov and on the Trust’s website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
The Funds also file their portfolio holdings information for each month in a fiscal quarter within 60 days after the end of the relevant fiscal quarter with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Portfolio holdings information for the third month of each quarter is publicly available within 60 days of the end of the quarter at the websites listed above. The Trust’s website also provides information about each Fund’s top 10 holdings, sector holdings and other characteristics data as of the end of the most recent month. The Trust may publish the Funds’ full portfolio holdings thirty (30) days after the end of each month. This information is available until updated as of the following month. The information on the Trust’s website is publicly available to all categories of persons.
The Trust or the Adviser may share non-public holdings information of the Trust sooner than 60 days of the end of the fiscal quarter with the Adviser and other service providers to the Trust (including the Trust’s custodian; the Sub-Administrator; and pricing services such as FT Interactive). In addition, the Trust may share non-public holdings information with mutual fund ranking and NRSROs, including Standard & Poor’s Corporation, Morningstar, Lipper Analytical Services, FactSet, Fitch Ratings, Inc. and Bloomberg L.P. These service providers and other entities owe contractual, fiduciary, or other legal duties of confidentiality to the Trust or the Adviser that foster reasonable expectations that holdings information will not be misused. The Trust’s officers may authorize disclosure of the Trust’s holdings
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portfolio information to service providers where such service provider needs information to fulfill its duties.
The Trust may also disclose information about portfolio holdings to mutual fund evaluation services that agree not to disclose the information to third parties and that enter into a Confidentiality Agreement. Such Confidentiality Agreement provides, among other things, that non-public portfolio holdings information will be kept confidential and that such information will be used solely for the purpose of analysis and evaluation of the portfolio. Disclosures may be made to other third parties under a Confidentiality Agreement satisfactory to Fund counsel and the Trust’s CCO. The Confidentiality Agreement prohibits anyone in possession of non-public holdings information from purchasing or selling securities based on such information, or from disclosing such information to other persons, except for those who are actually engaged in, and need to know, such information to perform services for the portfolio.
Currently, the Trust has arrangements to provide additional disclosure of holdings information to the following evaluation services: Lipper Analytical Services (10 days after the end of each month), Morningstar (5 business days after the end of each month), Bloomberg L.P. (60 days after the end of each quarter), FactSet (daily), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (two times per month) and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (between 3-5 days after the end of each week).
No compensation or other consideration is paid to or received by any party in connection with the disclosure of holdings information, including the Trust, the Adviser and its affiliates.
Pursuant to the Policy, the CCO may authorize exceptions and allow disclosures under other circumstances he or she deems appropriate. In addition, a Fund may disclose its holdings, as appropriate, in conformity with the foregoing principles. Compliance with the Policy (including the use of the portfolio holdings information) will be monitored by the CCO or his or her designee on a regular basis, and any violations constituting a “Material Compliance Matter” as defined under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act will be reported by the CCO to the Board.
INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust, with respect to each Fund and the Portfolio, has adopted certain fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions. Fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without approval by holders of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund or Portfolio. The term “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as used in this SAI means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the outstanding “voting securities” of the Fund or the Portfolio present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities” are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities.” The term “voting securities” as used in this paragraph has the same meaning as in the 1940 Act.
ALL FUNDS
NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Each of the Funds is subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions, in addition to the fundamental restrictions set forth below under the headings for each Fund:
1. The Fund may not purchase on margin, except for use of short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, but it may make margin deposits in connection with transactions in options, futures, and options on futures.
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2. The Fund may not sell securities short, unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short, and provided that transactions in options and futures contracts are not deemed to constitute short sales of securities, except under such conditions as may be set forth in the Prospectus and in this SAI (solely with respect to the Frontier Markets Fund).
3. The Fund may not invest in securities of any registered investment company except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act generally or in accordance with any exemptive order granted to the Trust by the SEC.
4. The Fund may not directly purchase securities or other instruments issued by companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines. The Adviser uses the definitions within the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty and the 2008 Convention on Cluster Bombs for guidance and implementation. The Fund may purchase securities of registered investment companies, ETNs or other pooled vehicles that invest in companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines.
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
OPPORTUNITY FUND
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Opportunity Fund may (except that none of the following investment restrictions shall prevent the Trust from investing all of the Fund’s assets in a separate registered investment company with substantially the same investment objective):
1. not borrow money or mortgage or hypothecate assets of the Portfolio (Fund), except that in an amount not to exceed 1/3 of the current value of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) net assets, it may borrow money (including from a bank or through reverse repurchase agreements, forward roll transactions involving mortgage backed securities or other investment techniques entered into for the purpose of leverage), and except that it may pledge, mortgage or hypothecate not more than 1/3 of such assets to secure such borrowings, provided that collateral arrangements with respect to options and futures, including deposits of initial deposit and variation margin, are not considered a pledge of assets for purposes of this restriction and except that assets may be pledged to secure letters of credit solely for the purpose of participating in a captive insurance company sponsored by the Investment Company Institute;
2. not underwrite securities issued by other persons except insofar as the Portfolio (Fund) may technically be deemed an underwriter under the 1933 Act in selling a portfolio security;
3. not make loans to other persons except: (a) through the lending of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) portfolio securities and provided that any such loans not exceed 30% of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) total assets (taken at market value); (b) through the use of repurchase agreements or the purchase of short term obligations; or (c) by purchasing a portion of an issue of debt securities of types distributed publicly or privately;
4. not purchase or sell real estate (including limited partnership interests but excluding securities secured by real estate or interests therein), interests in oil, gas or mineral leases, commodities or commodity contracts (except futures and option
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contracts) in the ordinary course of business (except that the Portfolio (Fund) may hold and sell, for the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) portfolio, real estate acquired as a result of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) ownership of securities);
5. not concentrate its investments in any particular industry (excluding U.S. Government securities), but if it is deemed appropriate for the achievement of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) investment objective(s), up to 25% of its total assets may be invested in any one industry;
6. not issue any senior security (as that term is defined in the 1940 Act) if such issuance is specifically prohibited by the 1940 Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, provided that collateral arrangements with respect to options and futures, including deposits of initial deposit and variation margin, are not considered to be the issuance of a senior security for purposes of this restriction; and
7. not with respect to 75% of its assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities (excluding U.S. Government securities) of any one issuer.
OPPORTUNITY FUND (CLASS I)
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Opportunity Fund (Class I) may (except that none of the following investment restrictions shall prevent the Trust from investing all of the Fund’s assets in a separate registered investment company with substantially the same investment objective):
1. borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
2. issue senior securities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
3. not act as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent it could be considered an underwriter in the acquisition and disposition of restricted securities;
4. not make loans to other persons except: (a) through the lending of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) portfolio securities and provided that any such loans not exceed 30% of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) total assets (taken at market value); (b) through the use of repurchase agreements or the purchase of short term obligations; or (c) by purchasing a portion of an issue of debt securities of types distributed publicly or privately;
5. not purchase or sell real estate (including limited partnership interests but excluding securities secured by real estate or interests therein), interests in oil, gas or mineral leases, commodities or commodity contracts (except futures and option contracts) in the ordinary course of business (except that the Portfolio (Fund) may hold and sell, for the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) portfolio, real estate acquired as a result of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) ownership of securities);
6. not concentrate its investments in any particular industry (excluding U.S. Government securities), but if it is deemed appropriate for the achievement of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) investment objective(s), up to 25% of its total assets may be invested in any one industry; and
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7. not, with respect to 75% of its assets, invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities (excluding U.S. Government securities) of any one issuer.
OPPORTUNITY FUND AND OPPORTUNITY FUND (CLASS I)
The Opportunity Fund and Opportunity Fund (Class I) are also subject to the following restrictions which may be changed by the Board without shareholder approval (except that none of the following investment policies shall prevent the Trust from investing all of the assets of the Opportunity Fund or Opportunity Fund (Class I) in a separate registered investment company with substantially the same investment objective). As a matter of non-fundamental policy, the Opportunity Fund and Opportunity Fund (Class I) (Opportunity Portfolio) may not:
1. purchase warrants, valued at the lower of cost or market, in excess of 5% of the value of its net assets, except that this limitation does not apply to warrants acquired in units or attached to securities;
2. write puts and calls on securities unless each of the following conditions are met: (a) the security underlying the put or call is within the investment policies of the Portfolio (Fund) and the option is issued by the Options Clearing Corporation, except for put and call options issued by non-U.S. entities or listed on non-U.S. securities or commodities exchanges; (b) the aggregate value of the obligations underlying the puts determined as of the date the options are sold shall not exceed 50% of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) net assets; (c) the securities subject to the exercise of the call written by the Portfolio (Fund) must be owned by the Portfolio (Fund) at the time the call is sold and must continue to be owned by the Portfolio until the call has been exercised, has lapsed, or the Portfolio (Fund) has purchased a closing call, and such purchase has been confirmed, thereby extinguishing the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) obligation to deliver securities pursuant to the call it has sold; and (d) at the time a put is written, the Portfolio (Fund) segregates with its custodian assets consisting of cash or short-term U.S. Government securities equal in value to the amount the Portfolio (Fund) will be obligated to pay upon exercise of the put, marked to market daily (this segregation must be maintained until the put is exercised, has expired, or the Portfolio (Fund) has purchased a closing put, which is a put of the same series as the one previously written); and
3. buy and sell puts and calls on securities, stock index futures or options on stock index futures, or financial futures or options on financial futures unless such options are written by other persons and: (a) the options or futures are offered through the facilities of a national securities association or are listed on a national securities or commodities exchange, except for put and call options issued by non-U.S. entities or listed on non-U.S. securities or commodities exchanges; (b) the aggregate premiums paid on all such options which are held at any time do not exceed 20% of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) total net assets; and (c) the aggregate margin deposits required on all such futures or options thereon held at any time do not exceed 5% of the Portfolio’s (Fund’s) total assets.
FRONTIER MARKETS FUND
As a matter of fundamental policy, the Fund may (except that none of the following investment restrictions shall prevent the Fund from investing all of its assets in separate registered investment companies with substantially the same investment objective):
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1. borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
2. issue any senior securities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
3. not act as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent it could be considered an underwriter in the acquisition and disposition of restricted securities;
4. not “concentrate” its investments in any one industry (excluding the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such investments), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; provided, however, that the Fund will, under normal market conditions, concentrate its investments in the securities of issuers in the financial services group of industries;
5. purchase or sell real estate or any interest therein (such as securities or instruments backed by or related to real estate) to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
6. purchase or sell commodities, including physical commodities, or contracts, instruments and interests relating to commodities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; and
7. make loans to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
PERCENTAGE AND RATING RESTRICTIONS
If a percentage restriction or a rating restriction on investment or utilization of assets set forth above or referred to in a Fund’s Prospectus is adhered to at the time an investment is made or assets are so utilized, a later change in percentage resulting from changes in the value of the securities held by a Fund or a later change in the rating of a security held by a Fund is not considered a violation of policy. However, the Adviser will consider such change in its determination of whether to continue to hold the security and provided further, that the Adviser will take appropriate steps, which may include the disposition of portfolio securities, as may be necessary to satisfy the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and/or the rules thereunder with respect to the Fund’s investments in illiquid investments or any borrowings by the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Overall responsibility for management of HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) rests with the Board. The Trustees elect the officers of the Trust and appoint service providers to manage the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trustees meet regularly to discuss and consider matters concerning the Trust and to oversee the Trust’s activities, including the investment performance of the Funds and the operation of the Trust’s
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compliance program, and to evaluate and address potential conflicts and risks associated with the Trust’s activities.
Board Composition And Leadership Structure
The Trust has a Board of Trustees. The Board consists of five Trustees, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as that term is defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”), and one of whom is an “interested person” of the Trust (the “Interested Trustee”) by virtue of her employment with the Adviser. The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Trust’s investment activities. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trust enters into agreements with various entities to manage the day-to-day operations of the Trust, including with the Adviser, the Subadvisers (as applicable), the administrator, the transfer agent, the distributor and the custodian. The Board is responsible for selecting these service providers (based on the recommendation of the Adviser), approving the terms of their contracts with the Trust and exercising general oversight of these service providers on an ongoing basis.
The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, is an Independent Trustee, and, among other duties and responsibilities, serves as a point person for communications between the Trustees and the Trust’s management. The Trustees interact directly with the Chairman, Chairs of the Trust’s standing Committees, each other, the Trust’s officers, and senior management of the Adviser and other service providers of the Trust at scheduled meetings and between meetings, as appropriate.
The Board has established the following standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee; and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Committees”) to facilitate the Trustees’ effective oversight of the management of those aspects of the Trust’s operations. Each Committee has a Chair, who is an Independent Trustee. Each Committee’s responsibilities are discussed in greater detail below. By assigning areas of responsibility to committees of Trustees, and to the full Board, the Board’s leadership structure enables it to exercise informed and independent judgment over the matters within its purview.
Board’s Role In Risk Oversight Of The Trust
The Board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular Board meetings, as does each Committee of the Trust. The Board and its Committees consider risk management through, among other things, regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the Board, its Committees, and counsel. These reports address investment, valuation, liquidity, operations, and compliance matters. The Board may also receive special written reports or presentations on cybersecurity and a variety of other risk issues, either upon request or upon the Adviser’s initiative. In addition, the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee of the Board meets regularly with the Adviser’s internal risk department and Fund Pricing Group to review reports on their examinations of liquidity risks and their fair value determinations, respectively, on the Funds’ investment portfolios.
With respect to investment risk, the Board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds, which may include the comparison of the Funds’ performance to their respective benchmarks and/or peer groups when applicable. In addition, investment personnel for the Funds meet regularly with the Board to discuss Fund performance, including investment risk, liquidity and market updates. Also, to the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy or invests in a new type of security that could have a material effect on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted.
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With respect to valuation, the Board receives regular written reports summarizing the discussions from the Adviser’s internal Pricing and Valuation Committee meetings. The Board receives regular written reports that enable it to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular Fund, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. In addition, the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee reviews certain valuation matters with the Funds’ Treasurer and the Trust’s independent auditors in connection with the Committee’s review of the results of the audit of the Funds’ annual financial statements.
With respect to liquidity, the Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program on behalf of the non-money market Funds (the “Liquidity Program”) that is designed to assess and manage each Fund’s liquidity risk. The Board has designated the Fund Liquidity Review Group to administer the Liquidity Program. The Fund Liquidity Review Group is comprised of representatives from the Adviser’s investment, risk, operations, and compliance teams. Under the Liquidity Program, the Board reviews periodic reports concerning Fund liquidity and review, no less frequently than annually, a written report prepared by the Fund Liquidity Review Group that addresses the operation of the Liquidity Program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness.
With respect to compliance risks, the Board and the Audit and Compliance Committee receive regular compliance reports and meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC rules, the Independent Trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the Board. The Board also meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser. The Board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Trust and approves such procedures of certain of the Trust’s service providers, such as the Adviser and the Subadviser (as applicable). The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
Qualifications Of The Trustees
The names of the Trustees, their addresses, ages, positions held with the Trust, principal occupation(s) during the past five years, number of portfolios in the fund complex overseen, and other directorships held by each Trustee are set forth below.
TRUSTEES
| Name(1) | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) |
Other Directorships Held By Trustee During the Past 5 Years(3) |
| Independent Trustees | |||||
Thomas F. Robards Age: 73 |
Trustee and Chairman | 2005 to present | Private Investor (2003 – present) | 8 | Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT (NYSE listed real estate investment trust) (2013 – present); and Ellington Financial LLC (NYSE listed financial services company) (2007 – present) |
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| Name(1) | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) |
Other Directorships Held By Trustee During the Past 5 Years(3) |
Marcia L. Beck Age: 64 |
Trustee | 2008 to present | Private Investor (1999 – present) | 8 | None |
Susan C. Gause Age: 67 |
Trustee | 2013 to present | Private Investor (2003 – present) | 8 | Metropolitan Series Fund (2012 – present); and Met Investors Series Trust (2008 – present) |
Susan S. Huang Age: 65 |
Trustee | 2008 to present | Private Investor (2000 – present) | 8 | None |
| Interested Trustee | |||||
Deborah A. Hazell(4) Age: 56 |
Trustee | 2011 to present | Director and Chief Executive Officer, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2011 – present) | 8 | None |
| (1) | Each Independent Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691, Attn: Richard A. Fabietti. Ms. Hazell may be contacted by writing to 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018. |
| (2) | The “Fund Complex” is comprised of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds. |
| (3) | This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
| (4) | Ms. Hazell is considered to be an “Interested Trustee” because she holds positions with HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. |
OFFICERS
| Name, Address and Age | Position(s)
Held With Trust |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Richard A. Fabietti 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 61 |
President | One year; 2004 to present | Senior Vice President, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (1998 – present) |
James D. Levy 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 56 |
Vice President | One year; 2014 to present | Vice President, Product Management, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2014 – present); Vice President, Mutual Funds Product Development, GE Asset Management Inc. (2007 – 2014) |
Ioannis Tzouganatos* Prudential Center 800 Boylston Street, 24th Floor Boston, MA 02199 Age: 43 |
Secretary | One year; 2015 to present | Vice President, Regulatory Administration, Citi Fund Services (2008 – present) |
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| Name, Address and Age | Position(s)
Held With Trust |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal
Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Lauren Stuntebeck* 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200 Columbus, OH 43219 Age: 32 |
Treasurer | One year; 2019 to present | Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services (2019-present); Senior Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2016-2019); Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2014-2016) |
Charles L. Booth* 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200 Columbus, OH 43219 Age: 59 |
Chief Compliance Officer | One year; 2015 to present
|
Director and Compliance Officer, Citi Fund Services (1988 – present) |
James M. Curtis 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018 Age: 51 |
Chief Legal Officer | One year; 2018 to present | Associate General Counsel, HSBC Technology & Services (USA) Inc. (2018-present); Associate General Counsel, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. (2005-2017) |
* Ms. Stuntebeck, Mr. Tzouganatos and Mr. Booth are also officers of certain other investment companies of which Citi Fund Services (or an affiliate) is the administrator or sub-administrator.
Trustee Experience, Qualifications, Attributes or Skills
The following provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Trustee of the Trust should so serve. The current members of the Board joined at different points in time since 2005. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the original selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments, including prior experience in the financial services and investment management fields or on other boards; (ii) the individual’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board; and (iii) how the individual’s skills, experiences and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and obligations. The Board believes that the specific background of each Board member (including as set forth above) evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Board. The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, has governance and operating experience in banking, brokerage and specialty finance companies. In addition, Mr. Robards serves and has served as a director of several public companies. Mses. Beck and Huang each have experience managing risk as well as portfolios of money market and fixed income instruments, respectively. Ms. Beck has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as President and Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Mutual Funds, an unaffiliated mutual fund complex. Ms. Huang has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as Senior Vice President of Schroder Investment Management, a global asset management company. Ms. Gause has significant experience in the financial services industry, having served as, among other things, Chief Executive Officer of Dresdner RCM Global Investors and Allianz Dresdner Asset Management, a global
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asset management company. In that position, Ms. Gause was responsible for the day-to-day activities of the investment adviser of various registered open-end funds. Ms. Hazell has significant experience in the financial services industry and is currently the Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. Previously, Ms. Hazell was the President and Chief Executive Officer of a global investment management firm that provided active, fixed income capabilities to institutional investors.
COMMITTEES
The Board currently has three standing committees: Audit and Compliance Committee, Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
Audit and Compliance Committee
The Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Beck. Ms. Beck, Mr. Robards and Ms. Gause are audit committee financial experts of the Trust. The primary purpose of the Audit and Compliance Committee is to oversee the accounting and financial reporting policies, practices and internal controls of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee, among other things: (i) recommends to the Board the selection, retention and termination of an independent public accounting firm; (ii) annually reviews the scope of the proposed audit and, generally, the audit procedures to be utilized and the proposed audit fees; (iii) reviews the results of the annual audit with the independent auditors and any reports from the independent auditors concerning an audit, as presented to the Audit and Compliance Committee; (iv) reviews the annual financial statements of the Funds with management and the independent auditors; (v) approves the fees to be paid by the Trust to the independent auditors for its services; and (vi) reviews the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures with management and the independent auditors. Committee responsibility for the Trust’s compliance program, which includes, among other things, (i) reviewing recommendations made to the Board concerning the designation of a person to serve as the Trust’s CCO pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act; (ii) overseeing compliance by third-party service providers of the Trust’s compliance program; (iii) assessing recommendations made by the CCO concerning changes; and (iv) additions to the Trust’s compliance program, is also housed within the Audit and Compliance Committee. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Trust met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee
The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee is comprised of all of the Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Huang. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, among other things: (i) oversees Fund management, investment risk management, performance and brokerage practices relating to the Funds; (ii) reviews certain proposals that the Adviser may wish to make concerning the Funds and their investments; (iii) oversees the implementation and operation of the Trust’s Valuation Procedures, including the amortized cost method of valuation pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act with respect to the HSBC Money Market Funds; (iv) oversees the processes relating to the assessment of the liquidity of the Funds’ assets; (v) reviews the proxy voting guidelines, policies, and procedures; and (vi) oversees the performance of the investment subadvisers to the applicable series of the Trust. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
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Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Gause. This Committee, among other things: (i) makes nominations for trustee membership on the Board or a Committee; (ii) evaluates on a periodic basis the operations and effectiveness of the Board as a whole; (iii) periodically reviews the composition of the Board to determine whether it may be appropriate to add individuals with different backgrounds or skills from those already on the Board; (iv) periodically reviews industry best practices and Board governance procedures and recommends appropriate changes to the full Board; (v) periodically reviews Trustee compensation and Committee responsibilities and recommends any appropriate changes to the full Board; (vi) reviews the retention of professional liability insurance (D&O/E&O Insurance) and investment company fidelity bonds; and (vii) reviews the independence and performance of the Independent Trustee counsel. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers nominees recommended by shareholders. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the President of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
When evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as an Independent Trustee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may consider, among other factors: (i) whether or not the person is “independent” and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee; (ii) whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of an Independent Trustee; (iii) the contribution that the person can make to the Board, with consideration being given to the person’s business experience, education and such other factors as the Committee may consider relevant; (iv) the character and integrity of the person; (v) the desirable personality traits, including independence, leadership and the ability to work with the other members of the Board; and (vi) consistency with the 1940 Act.
The process of identifying nominees involves the consideration of candidates recommended by one or more of the following: current Independent Trustees, officers, and other sources that the Committee deems appropriate.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Listed below for each Trustee is a dollar range of securities beneficially owned in the Funds together with the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee in the HSBC Family of Funds, as of December 31, 2019 (unless stated otherwise).
| Dollar Range of Equity Securities in: |
Independent Trustees | Interested Trustee | |||
| Marcia L. Beck |
Susan C. Gause |
Susan S. Huang |
Thomas Robards | Deborah
A. Hazell | |
| Opportunity Fund | None | None | None | None | None |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $10,001-$50,000 | $10,001-$50,000 | $10,001-$50,000 | None | Over $100,000 |
| Aggregate Dollar Range of Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustee in HSBC Family of Funds | $50,001-$100,000 | $50,001-$100,000 | $50,001-$100,000 | Over $100,000 | Over $100,000 |
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As of January 31, 2020, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Opportunity Fund and less than 5% the Frontier Markets Fund.
TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the following compensation was paid to the Trustees:
| Compensation From the Funds |
Independent Trustees(1) | |||
| Marcia L. Beck |
Susan C. Gause |
Susan S. Huang |
Thomas F. Robards | |
| Opportunity Fund | $20,587.50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Opportunity Fund (Class I) | $20,587.50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $20,587.50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Asia ex-Japan Smaller Companies Equity Fund(2) | $19,650.00 | $19,250.00 | $19,250.00 | $22,100.00 |
| Pension Or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part Of The Funds’ Expenses (3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Total Compensation From Funds and Fund Complex(4) Paid To Trustees | $204,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $228,500.00 |
| (1) | Ms. Hazell, an Interested Trustee, is not compensated from the Trust for her service as an Interested Trustee. |
| (2) | The HSBC Asia ex-Japan Smaller Companies Equity Fund liquidated on October 28, 2019. |
| (3) | The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of Fund expenses, and Trustees are not entitled to retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board. |
| (4) | For these purposes, the Fund Complex consisted of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds as of October 31, 2019. |
None of the officers receive compensation directly from the Funds. Under a Services Agreement between the Trust and Citi (“Services Agreement”), Citi makes an individual available to serve as the Trust’s CCO. Under the Services Agreement, Citi also provides infrastructure and support in implementing the written policies and procedures comprising the Funds’ Compliance Program. This includes providing support services to the CCO, developing standards for reports to the Board by Citi and other service providers, and assisting in preparing or providing documentation for the Board to make findings and conduct reviews pertaining to the Funds’ Compliance Program and related policies and procedures of Fund service providers. For the services provided under the Services Agreement, the Trust currently pays Citi $313,915 per annum, plus certain out of pocket expenses. Citi pays the salary and other compensation
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earned by any such individuals as employees of Citi. The Services Agreement also governs Citi’s provision of regulatory administration and fund accounting services to the Funds. For more information about these services, respectively, see “Administrator and Sub-Administrator” and “Fund Accounting Agent.”
PROXY VOTING
The Trust has adopted Proxy Voting Policies that delegate the responsibility of voting proxies to the Funds’ Adviser. In an effort to avoid conflicts of interest, the Adviser has, in turn, engaged Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) to provide proxy voting and related services and has delegated responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the Funds to ISS. A summary of ISS’ proxy voting guidelines is attached as an appendix to this SAI.
Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ending June 30, 2019 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-782-8183; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISER
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the investment adviser to the Frontier Markets Fund and the Portfolio pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Advisory Contract”) with the Trust. For its investment advisory services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from the Fund or Portfolio, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, and which is based on the Fund’s or Portfolio’s daily net assets, at an annual rate as set forth below.
| Fund or Portfolio | Fee |
| Opportunity Portfolio | 0.80% |
| Frontier Markets Fund | 1.25% |
The Adviser has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement (“Agreement”) with the Funds under which it will limit total expenses of a Fund (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to a Fund’s investments in investment companies.) The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Advisory Contract between the Trust and the Adviser, or may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Board.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of advisory fees (including sub-advisory fees) incurred by the Frontier Markets Fund or the Portfolio were as follows (in the case of the Feeder Funds, advisory fees incurred by the Portfolio were borne indirectly by the Fund to the extent of its interest in the Portfolio):
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Portfolio | $1,102,843 | $1,240,275 | $1,147,090 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $125,920 | $343,951 | $545,579 |
The Advisory Contract for the Frontier Markets Fund and the Portfolio will continue in effect through December 31, 2020. Thereafter, the Advisory Contract will continue in effect with respect to the Fund and the Portfolio for successive periods not to exceed one (1) year and continue thereafter, provided such continuance is approved at least annually by: (i) the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or Portfolio or by the Board; and (ii) a majority of the Trustees who are not parties
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to the Advisory Contract or “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisory Contract may be terminated with respect to a Fund or Portfolio without penalty by either party on 60 days written notice and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, within the meaning of the 1940 Act.
The Adviser, located at 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA Inc., a registered bank holding company. No securities or instruments issued by HSBC USA Inc. or HSBC Bank USA, N.A. will be purchased for a Fund or Portfolio.
The Advisory Contract for the Frontier Markets Fund and the Portfolio provides that the Adviser will manage the portfolio of the Fund or Portfolio, either directly or through one or more subadvisers, and will furnish to the Fund or Portfolio investment guidance and policy direction in connection therewith. The Adviser has agreed to provide the Trust with, among other things, information relating to composition, credit conditions and average maturity of the portfolio of the Fund or the Portfolio. Pursuant to the Advisory Contract, the Adviser also furnishes the Board with periodic reports on the investment performance of each Fund and Portfolio.
The Adviser and the Frontier Markets Fund have also entered into a Support Services Agreement, under which the Adviser provides certain support services in connection with the operation of certain Classes of shares of the Fund. For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from the Fund, computed daily and paid monthly, equal on an annual basis to 0.10% of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of support services fees incurred by the Frontier Markets Fund (excluding deductions for waivers) were $2,840, $7,193, and $13,258, respectively.
If the Adviser were prohibited from performing any of its services for the Trust under the Advisory Contract or the Support Services Agreement, it is expected that the Board would recommend to a Fund’s or Portfolio’s shareholders that they approve new agreements with another entity or entities qualified to perform such services and selected by the Board.
The investment advisory services of the Adviser provided to the Frontier Markets Fund and the Portfolio are not exclusive under the terms of the Advisory Contract. The Adviser is free to and does render investment advisory services to others.
The Trust and the Adviser have each received an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to enter into new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with certain unaffiliated subadvisers with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. This authority is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that the Trustees (including a majority of Independent Trustees) of the Trust must approve any new or amended agreements with subadvisers. In accordance with the exemptive order received from the SEC, an information statement providing details about the appointment of the new subadviser will be mailed to shareholders within 90 days of the change in subadviser. Shareholders will also receive an information statement describing material changes to a sub-advisory contract between the Adviser and a subadviser within 90 days of the material change. The Adviser remains responsible for the performance of each Fund (or Portfolio), oversees subadvisers to ensure compliance with each Fund’s (or Portfolio’s) investment policies and guidelines, and monitors each subadviser’s adherence to its investment style and performance results in order to recommend any changes in a subadviser to the Board.
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In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of each Fund (or Portfolio), receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that each applicable Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
SUBADVISERS
The Subadvisers are responsible for the investment management of the Funds’ or Portfolio’s assets, including making investment decisions and placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities for the Funds or Portfolio directly with the issuers or with brokers or dealers selected by the Subadviser in its discretion.
The investment advisory services of the Subadvisers are not exclusive under the terms of its sub-advisory agreement. The Subadvisers are free to and do render investment advisory services to others.
Each Subadviser also furnishes to the Board, which has overall responsibility for the business and affairs of the Trust, periodic reports on its services and the investment performance of the relevant Fund.
Opportunity Fund
Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P., located at One Financial Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, is the Opportunity Portfolio’s Subadviser. For its services, Westfield receives a fee equal on an annual basis to 0.55% of the Portfolio’s average daily net assets.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Portfolio paid Westfield sub-advisory fees equal to $758,205, $852,690 and $788,625, respectively.
Frontier Markets Fund
HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“AMEU”) 78 St. James Street, London, United Kingdom, SW1A 1EJ, a U.S. registered investment adviser and an affiliate of the Adviser, serves as the investment subadviser of the Frontier Markets Fund pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement (the “AMEU Sub-advisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. AMEU makes the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously reviews, supervises and administers the Fund’s investment program (or a portion thereof). As of September 30, 2019, AMEU managed approximately $81.9 billion in assets. Under the AMEU Sub-advisory Agreement, the Adviser pays AMEU a sub-advisory fee, based on the average daily net assets of the Fund at an annual rate of 0.625% for the Frontier Markets Fund from the fees paid by the Fund to the Adviser.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Adviser paid sub-advisory fees to AMEU of $62,960, $171,976 and $272,790, respectively, for the Frontier Markets Fund.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The Prospectus identifies the individual or individuals who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each of the Funds and the Portfolio (the “portfolio manager(s)”). This section of the SAI contains certain additional information about the portfolio manager(s), their compensation, other accounts managed by them, and potential conflicts of interest. This section includes information in a tabular
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format, as of October 31, 2019, about the other accounts, if any, in addition to the Funds, over which the portfolio manager(s) also have primary responsibility for day-to-day management.
The tables below show the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager(s) and the total assets in those accounts within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category of accounts, the tables also show the number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts with respect to which the advisory fee paid by the account holder is based on account performance, if applicable.
Fund Ownership of Portfolio Managers
The portfolio managers did not beneficially own shares of the Funds that they managed as of October 31, 2019.
Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Managers
Set forth below is information about the other accounts managed by the portfolio managers of the Funds and Portfolio as of October 31, 2019. For each additional account listed in the charts below, the portfolio manager participates in managing the account in the same manner as described in the Prospectus in relation to the Funds or Portfolio as of October 31, 2019.
Westfield (Subadviser to the Portfolio)
| Name of Portfolio Manager |
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance Based | ||||
| Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |
| William A. Muggia | 9 | 7 | 285 | 0 | 1 | 23 |
| $3,123,424,278 | $980,879,568 | $8,596,523,671 | $0 | $25,139,464 | $2,238,245,696 | |
| Ethan J. Meyers | 8 | 4 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| $2,990,888,520 | $930,543,488 | $8,315,032,170 | $0 | $0 | $1,820,579,159 | |
| John M. Montgomery | 8 | 4 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| $2,990,888,520 | $930,543,488 | $8,315,032,170 | $0 | $0 | $1,820,579,159 | |
| Richard D. Lee | 8 | 4 | 242 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
| $2,990,888,520 | $930,543,488 | $8,315,032,170 | $0 | $0 | $1,820,579,159 | |
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HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (Subadviser to the Frontier Markets Fund)
| Name of Portfolio Manager |
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type1 |
Number
of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance Based | ||||
| Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |
| Ramzi Sidani | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| $0.0 | $257.4 million | $134.4 million | $0.0 | $0.0 | $0.0 | |
| Jennifer Passmoor | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| $0.0 | $257.4 million | $134.4 million | $0.0 | $0.0 | $0.0 | |
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
Frontier Markets Fund
As employees of the Adviser, or affiliates of the Adviser (“HSBC affiliates”), the portfolio managers are compensated by their respective HSBC affiliate, or by the Adviser, for their services. Their compensation has the following components (1) a base salary consisting of a fixed amount, (2) a discretionary bonus, which is paid partially in cash and partially in restricted shares of HSBC Holdings, Ltd., and (3) eligibility for participation in the 401(k) retirement plan and other employee benefits programs generally made available to the Adviser’s employees.
The restricted shares are currently awarded on a yearly basis under the HSBC Holdings Ltd. Restricted Share Plan 2000 and are denominated in ordinary shares. The shares earn dividend equivalents but do not have voting rights. Generally, the shares vest in full upon the third anniversary of the date of grant as long as the awardee remains in the employ of the HSBC Group during the restricted period. The shares are taxed at vest and treated as ordinary income.
Amounts paid to the portfolio managers as discretionary bonus and as deferred compensation are paid at the discretion of the relevant manager to whom the portfolio manager reports. Amounts paid as discretionary bonuses and as deferred compensation will vary, based upon the relevant manager’s assessment of the portfolio manager’s performance, taking into account the relevant business unit’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal year. Key factors affecting decisions concerning discretionary compensation under the deferred compensation plan are the Adviser’s profitability, individual performance, teamwork and total compensation of the employee relative to the market for similarly qualified individuals.
Opportunity Portfolio
Members of the Westfield Investment Committee may be eligible to receive various components of compensation:
• Investment Committee members receive a base salary commensurate with industry standards. This salary is reviewed annually during the employee’s performance assessment.
• Investment Committee members also receive a performance based bonus award. This bonus award is determined and paid in December. The amount awarded is based on the employee’s individual performance attribution and overall contribution to the investment performance of Westfield. While the current calendar year is the primary focus, a rolling three year attribution summary is also considered when determining the bonus award.
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• Investment Committee members may be eligible to receive equity interests in the future profits of Westfield. Individual awards are typically determined by a member’s overall performance within the firm, including but not limited to contribution to company strategy, participation in marketing and client service initiatives, as well as longevity at the firm. Key members of Westfield’s management team who receive equity interests in the firm enter into agreements restricting post-employment competition and solicitation of clients and employees of Westfield. This compensation is in addition to the base salary and performance based bonus. Equity interest grants typically vest over five years.
• Investment Committee members may receive a portion of the performance-based fee earned from a client account that is managed solely by Mr. Muggia. He has full discretion to grant such awards to any member of the Investment Committee.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Frontier Markets Fund
Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise from the fact that the Adviser (which for purposes of this discussion includes AMEU) and the portfolio managers of the Funds have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to accounts of clients other than the Funds (“Other Clients”). The Adviser has developed policies and procedures intended to detect, manage and/or mitigate the types of conflicts of interest described below. Although there can be no guarantee that any such policies or procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict of interest arises, the Adviser endeavors to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly.
The Adviser may receive different compensation from Other Clients including clients that may pay the Adviser higher fees, including performance fees. This may create a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser or its portfolio managers by providing an incentive to favor these Other Clients when, for example, allocating securities transactions. The Adviser may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to these favored clients. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. In order to mitigate these types of conflicts, the Adviser has policies and procedures that provide for the allocation of securities transactions on a pro rata basis among the Adviser’s clients for whom participation in such transaction is deemed appropriate by the Adviser.
Other potential conflicts with respect to the allocation of trades include the perception that the Adviser may be causing a client to participate in an offering not appropriate for such client so as to increase the Adviser’s overall allocation of securities in that offering in order to, for example, gain favor with a particular underwriter with whom the Adviser or its affiliates hope to engage in unrelated transactions. A potential conflict of interest also may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by another account or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. Because the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which many clients may invest, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of certain client accounts (i.e., those clients not engaging in short sale transactions) for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. Similarly, the Adviser could be seen as benefiting those accounts that may engage in short sales through the sale of securities held by other clients to the extent that such sales reduce the cost to cover the short positions.
The Adviser and its affiliates may at times give advice or take action with respect to accounts that differs from the advice given other accounts. These differences result, from among other things, variations in account characteristics such as size, cash position, tax situation, risk tolerance or investment restrictions.
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As a result, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling the security. To the extent that the Adviser does take similar action with respect to different clients, it should be noted that simultaneous portfolio transactions in the same security by multiple clients may tend to decrease the prices received by clients for sales of such securities and increase the prices paid by clients for purchases of such securities. If an order on behalf of more than one account cannot be fully executed under prevailing market conditions, securities may be allocated among the different accounts on a basis that the Adviser considers equitable. Situations may occur where the Funds could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by the Adviser or its affiliates for other investment accounts.
Employees of the Adviser, including portfolio managers, may engage in personal trading, subject to the Adviser’s Code of Ethics. In addition to the general conflicts noted above, personal trading by employees may create apparent or actual conflicts to the extent that one or more employees personally benefit or appear to benefit from trading by clients in similar securities. The Adviser’s Code of Ethics is designed to mitigate these conflicts by requiring, among other things, pre-clearance of certain trades and the reporting of certain types of securities transactions.
Because portfolio managers of the Adviser manage multiple client accounts, portfolio managers may devote unequal time and attention to the portfolio management of client accounts. For example, an apparent conflict could arise if a portfolio manager is perceived to be devoting greater time and attention to an account which pays the Adviser higher fees. Although the Adviser does not specifically track the time and attention each portfolio manager spends on each account he or she manages, the Adviser does closely monitor the performance of all of its clients to ensure, to the extent possible, the portfolio managers have adequate resources to manage effectively all accounts.
Opportunity Portfolio
The simultaneous management of multiple accounts by our investment professionals creates a possible conflict of interest as they must allocate their time and investment ideas across multiple accounts. This may result in the Investment Committee or portfolio managers allocating unequal attention and time to the management of each client account as each has different objectives, benchmarks, investment restrictions and fees. For most client accounts, investment decisions are made at the Investment Committee level. Once an idea has been approved, it is implemented across all eligible and participating accounts within the strategy.
Although the Investment Committee collectively acts as portfolio manager on most client accounts, there are some client accounts that are managed by a portfolio manager who also serves as a member of the Investment Committee. This can create a conflict of interest because investment decisions for these individually managed accounts do not require approval by the Investment Committee; thus, there is an opportunity for individually managed client accounts to trade in a security ahead of Investment Committee managed client accounts. Trade orders for individually managed accounts must be communicated to the Investment Committee. Additionally, the Compliance team performs periodic reviews of such accounts to ensure procedures have been followed.
Westfield has clients with performance-based fee arrangements. A conflict of interest can arise between those portfolios that incorporate a performance fee and those that do not. When the same securities are recommended for both types of accounts, it is Westfield’s policy to allocate investments, on a pro-rata basis, to all participating and eligible accounts, regardless of the account’s fee structure. Our Operations team performs ongoing reviews of each product’s model portfolio versus each client account. Discrepancies are researched, and exceptions are documented.
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In placing each transaction for a client’s account, Westfield seeks best execution of that transaction except in cases where Westfield does not have the authority to select the broker or dealer, as stipulated by the client. We attempt to bundle directed brokerage accounts with non-directed accounts, and then utilize step-out trades to satisfy the directed arrangements. Clients who do not allow step-out trades generally will be executed after non-directed accounts.
Because of our interest in receiving third party research services, there may be an incentive for Westfield to select a broker or dealer based on such interest rather than the clients’ interest in receiving most favorable execution. To mitigate the conflict that Westfield may have an incentive beyond best execution to utilize a particular broker, broker and research votes are conducted and reviewed on a quarterly basis. These votes provide the opportunity to recognize the unique research efforts of a wide variety of firms, as well as the opportunity to compare aggregate commission dollars with a particular broker to ensure appropriate correlation. Westfield’s Best Execution Committee also reviews transaction cost analysis data quarterly to monitor trading and commission activity.
Some Westfield clients have elected to retain certain brokerage firms as consultants or to invest their assets through a broker-sponsored wrap program for which Westfield acts as a manager. Several of these firms are on our approved broker list. Since Westfield may gain new clients through such relationships and will interact closely with such firms to service the client, there may be an incentive for Westfield to select a broker or dealer based on such interest rather than the clients’ interest. To help ensure independence in the brokerage selection process, brokerage selection is handled by our Traders, while client relationships are managed by our Marketing/Client Service team.
Personal accounts may give rise to conflicts of interest. Westfield and its employees will, from time to time, for their own investment accounts, purchase, sell, hold or own securities or other assets which may be recommended for purchase, sale or ownership for one or more clients. Westfield has a Code of Ethics which regulates trading in such accounts; requirements include regular reporting and preclearance of transactions. Compliance reviews personal trading activity regularly.
Westfield serves as manager to the General Partners of private funds, for which we also provide investment advisory services. Westfield and its employees have also invested their own funds in such vehicles and other investment strategies that are advised by the firm. Allowing such investments and having a financial interest in the private funds can create an incentive for the firm to favor these accounts because our financial interests are more directly tied to the performance of such accounts. To help ensure all clients are treated equitably and fairly, Westfield allocates investment opportunities on a pro-rata basis. Compliance conducts periodic reviews of client accounts to ensure procedures have been followed.
In addition to a base salary and a performance-based bonus award, Westfield’s Marketing and Client Service team’s compensation is based on a percentage of annual revenue generated by new separate accounts and/or significant contributions to existing client accounts but excludes any sub-advised or advised mutual funds. This incentive poses a conflict in that members of the team could encourage investment in a product(s) that may not be suitable. To mitigate such risk, team members are not incentivized to sell one product versus another. Nor do they have specific sales targets. Further, Westfield’s new account process includes a review of client contracts and investment policy statements to ensure the recommended product is suitable prior to funding. Lastly, all incentive compensation is reviewed and approved by the COO and CFO.
DISTRIBUTION PLANS - CLASS A AND CLASS C SHARES ONLY
Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act, the Trust has adopted Distribution Plans with respect to the Class A Shares and the Class C Shares (the “Class C Plan”) of the Opportunity Fund and with respect to the Class A Shares of the Frontier Markets Fund (together with the plan for Class A Shares of the
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Opportunity Fund, the “Class A Plans”). The Distribution Plans provide that they may not be amended to increase materially the costs which either the Class A Shares and Class C Shares may bear pursuant to the Class A Plans and Class C Plan without approval by shareholders of the Class A Shares and Class C Shares, respectively, and that any material amendments of the Distribution Plans must be approved by the Board, and by the Independent Trustees of the Trust who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Distribution Plans or in any related agreement (“Qualified Trustees”), by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of considering such amendments. The selection and nomination of the Qualified Trustees has been committed to the discretion of the Independent Trustees. The Distribution Plans have been approved, and are subject to annual approval, by the Board and by the Qualified Trustees, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Distribution Plans. The Board approved the Distribution Plans to stimulate sales of shares of the Funds in the face of competition from a variety of other investment companies and financial products. In approving the Distribution Plans, the Board considered the potential advantages to shareholders of the Funds of continued growth of the asset bases of the Funds (including greater liquidity, more investment flexibility and possible achievement of greater economies of scale). In adopting the Class A Plans and Class C Plan, the Trustees considered alternative methods to distribute the Class A Shares and Class C Shares and to reduce each class’s expense ratio. The Trustees concluded that there was a reasonable likelihood that each Distribution Plan will benefit their respective class and that class’s shareholders. The Distribution Plans are terminable with respect to the Class A Shares and Class C Shares at any time by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or by vote of the holders of a majority of that class.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Funds paid the following for distribution expenses:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Fund | $861 | $1,976 | $3,943 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $0 | $0 | $0 |
THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Distributor, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, is a member of FINRA. The Distributor’s address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101. Foreside serves as distributor to the Funds under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust (the “Distribution Agreement”). Unless otherwise terminated, the Distribution Agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if, as to each Fund, such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of those members of the Board who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the vote of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund. Under the terms of the Distribution Agreement, Foreside acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Adviser, Citi, or any of their affiliates. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
Foreside has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement with the Adviser in connection with Foreside’s services as distributor of the Funds pursuant to which the Adviser undertakes to pay Foreside amounts owed to Foreside under the terms of the Distribution Agreement to the extent that the Funds are not otherwise authorized to make such payments. The payments made by the Adviser to the Distributor do not represent an additional expense to the Funds or their shareholders.
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Pursuant to the Distribution Plans adopted by the Trust, the Distributor is reimbursed from the Funds monthly for costs and expenses incurred by the Distributor in connection with the distribution of Class A Shares and Class C Shares of the Funds (as applicable) and for the provision of certain shareholder services with respect to these Shares. Payments to the Distributor are for various types of activities, including: (1) payments to broker-dealers which advise shareholders regarding the purchase, sale or retention of Class A Shares and Class C Shares of the Funds (as applicable) and which provide shareholders with personal services and account maintenance services (“service fees”); (2) payments to employees of the Distributor; and (3) printing and advertising expenses. Pursuant to the Class A Plans, the amount of the Distributor’s reimbursement from a Fund may not exceed on an annual basis 0.25% of the average daily net assets of the Fund represented by Class A Shares outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. Pursuant to the Class C Plan, such payments by the Distributor to broker-dealers may be in amounts on an annual basis of up to 0.75% of the Opportunity Fund’s average daily net assets as presented by Class C Shares outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. The aggregate fees paid to the Distributor pursuant to the Distribution Plans, and to shareholder servicing agents (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan (as discussed below), will not exceed on an annual basis 0.50% of the Funds’ average daily net assets represented by Class A Shares and 1.00% of the Opportunity Fund’s average daily net assets represented by Class C Shares outstanding during the period for which payment is being made. Shareholder Servicing Agents are financial institutions, such as a federal or state-chartered bank, trust company or savings and loan association that, on behalf of their customers, have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Trust. Salary expenses of Foreside personnel who are responsible for marketing shares of the various series of the Trust may be allocated to such series on the basis of average net assets; travel expenses are allocated to, or divided among, the particular series for which it is incurred. The distribution fees collected from the Funds by Foreside are used to pay commissions for the sale of Fund shares.
The Funds are not liable for distribution and shareholder servicing expenditures made by the Distributor in any given year in excess of the maximum amount payable under the Distribution Plans in that year.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to the Funds, provide compensation, which may be significant, to selected financial intermediaries to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Funds (“Payments”). These arrangements are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” arrangements. Since these Payments are made out of the resources of the Adviser and/or its affiliates, they do not represent an additional charge to the Funds or their shareholders. Accordingly, these Payments are not reflected in the fee and expense tables in the Prospectus. In addition, these Payments do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund receives as proceeds from such purchases. These Payments are in addition to commissions and 12b-1 fees, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates make these Payments primarily to compensate financial intermediaries for, among other things: marketing shares of the Funds, which may consist of Payments relating to the inclusion of the Funds on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs from time to time sponsored by the financial intermediaries; educational programs; scheduled interactions with the financial intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences or seminars; provision of training and educational programs; marketing support fees for providing assistance in promoting the sale of Fund shares; and/or other specified and relevant services intended to assist in the sale, distribution, and/or servicing of Fund shares. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their
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services. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Funds.
In addition, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to the Funds, make Payments (including through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements) for sub-accounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the transfer agent, shareholder administration, servicing and processing fees paid by the Funds. These Payments may exceed amounts earned on these assets by the Adviser, the Distributor and/or their affiliates for the performance of these or similar services.
Generally, the Adviser and/or its affiliates negotiate the amount of Payments on an individual basis with each financial intermediary. In determining the amount of Payments to be made, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary; the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary; the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds; the nature and scope of services provided by the financial intermediary; and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds along with any other relevant factor that the Funds deem appropriate. Historically, these Payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. Typically, the annual Payments to a financial intermediary are not expected to exceed 0.25% of a Fund’s average net assets. The Adviser and/or its affiliates expect to periodically determine the advisability of continuing these Payments.
For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Adviser and/or its affiliates made Payments, related to 2018, out of their own assets to approximately 21 financial intermediaries, totaling approximately $5.2 million (excluding Payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements and certain other types of Payments described below), with respect to all funds of the Trust (including the Funds in this SAI). During this time, the Adviser has also made similar payments to its affiliates.
Periodically, and where appropriate, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries. Thus, the number of financial intermediaries that receive Payments is subject to change at any time without notice.
From time to time, and subject to applicable regulations, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may also be involved in cash and non-cash compensation arrangements with financial intermediaries to promote the sale of Fund shares in the form of, for example: occasional gifts; occasional meals, tickets or other entertainment; and/or sponsorship support of regional or national events. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations and other legal requirements, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay costs and expenses associated with these efforts (e.g., travel, lodging, entertainment and meals). Other compensation may also be offered from time to time to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state laws or FINRA regulations. This compensation is not included in, and is made in addition to, the Payments described above.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may be incentivized to make Payments since they promote the sale and retention of Fund shares to clients of the financial intermediaries. When financial intermediaries sell or retain more shares of the Funds, the Adviser and/or its affiliates benefit from the incremental management and other fees paid by the Funds with respect to those assets.
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The compensation or reimbursement received by financial intermediaries through commissions, sales charges, fees payable from the Funds, and/or revenue sharing arrangements may be more or less than the overall compensation or reimbursement on similar or other products and may influence your financial intermediary to introduce and recommend the Funds over other similar investment options. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, this compensation or reimbursement creates a conflict of interest for financial intermediaries as they may have a financial incentive for recommending a Fund (or a particular share class of a Fund) over another investment.
Although a Fund may use financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund and the Adviser will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing financial intermediaries to effect those transactions.
Shareholders may obtain more information about these arrangements, including the conflicts of interests that such arrangements create, from their financial intermediaries and should so inquire if they would like additional information. Shareholders are encouraged to ask their financial intermediary how their respective financial intermediary will be compensated for investments made in the Funds.
Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although costumers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services except the distribution/service fees with respect to the shares of those classes for which a Rule 12b-1 Plan is effective. However, the Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENTS
The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to Class A Shares of the Funds and Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, which provides that the Trust may obtain the services of one or more shareholder servicing agents (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) that shall, as agents for their customers who purchase a Fund’s Class A Shares and Class C Shares (as applicable), perform certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions for such customers, and may enter into agreements providing for the payment of fees for such services. “Shareholder Servicing Agents” are financial institutions, such as a federal or state-chartered bank, trust company or saving and loan association that, on behalf of their customers, have entered into a shareholder servicing arrangement with the Trust. The Shareholder Services Plan continues in effect indefinitely if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of both a majority of the Trustees and a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Shareholder Services Plan or in any agreement related to such Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Shareholder Services Plan may be terminated at any time by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or with respect to the Class A Shares or Class C Shares (as applicable) by a majority vote of shareholders of that class. The Shareholder Services Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of permitted expenses thereunder with respect to the Class A Shares or Class C Shares (as applicable) without the approval of a majority of shareholders of that class, and may not be materially amended in any case without a vote of the majority of both the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees.
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The Trust has entered into a shareholder servicing agreement (a “Servicing Agreement”) with certain Shareholder Servicing Agents, including the Adviser, pursuant to which the Shareholder Servicing Agent, as agent for its customers, among other things: answers customer inquiries regarding account status and history, the manner in which purchases, exchanges and redemptions of shares of the Funds may be effected and certain other matters pertaining to the Funds; assists shareholders in designating and changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; provides necessary personnel and facilities to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records; assists in processing purchase and redemption transactions; arranges for the wiring of funds; transmits and receives funds in connection with customer orders to purchase or redeem Shares; verifies and guarantees shareholder signatures in connection with redemption orders and transfers and changes in shareholder-designated accounts; furnishes (either separately or on an integrated basis with other reports sent to a shareholder by a Shareholder Servicing Agent) monthly and year-end statements and confirmations of purchases and redemptions; transmits, on behalf of the Trust, proxy statements, annual reports, updated prospectuses and other communications from the Trust to the Funds’ shareholders; receives, tabulates and transmits to the Trust proxies executed by shareholders with respect to meetings of shareholders of the Funds or the Trust; and provides such other related services as the Trust or a shareholder may request. “Servicing Agents” shall mean both Shareholder Servicing Agents and securities brokers who have entered into a dealer agreement or shareholder serving agreement on behalf of its customers (“Securities Brokers”). Each Fund is authorized to pay a shareholder servicing fee up to 0.25%, on an annual basis, of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares and Class C Shares (as applicable).
The Trust understands that some Shareholder Servicing Agents also may impose certain conditions on their customers, subject to the terms of the Prospectus, in addition to or different from those imposed by the Trust, such as requiring a different minimum initial or subsequent investment, account fees (a fixed amount per transaction processed), compensating balance requirements (a minimum dollar amount a customer must maintain in order to obtain the services offered), or account maintenance fees (a periodic charge based on a percentage of the assets in the account or of the dividends paid on those assets). Each Shareholder Servicing Agent has agreed to transmit to its customers who are holders of Shares appropriate prior written disclosure of any fees that it may charge them directly and to provide written notice at least 30 days prior to the imposition of any transaction fees. Conversely, the Trust understands that certain Shareholder Servicing Agents may credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Shareholder Servicing Agent from the Funds with respect to those accounts.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Funds paid the following shareholder servicing expenses:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Fund | $21,117 | $24,332 | $22,985 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $7,073 | $17,950 | $18,911 |
ADMINISTRATOR AND SUB-ADMINISTRATOR
Pursuant to an Administration Services Agreement, the Adviser serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Services Agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”), the Administrator has retained Citi, whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219, as sub-administrator (the “Sub-Administrator”). Citi served as the administrator (rather than sub-administrator), through June 30, 2006. Management and administrative services of the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space,
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equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also provides the Funds with various other services, which include certain regulatory and compliance services, as well as fund accounting services. The Administrator and Citi provide certain persons satisfactory to the Board to serve as officers of the Trust. Such officers, as well as certain other employees of the Trust, may be directors, officers or employees of the Administrator, Citi or their affiliates. Citi may waive a portion of its fee.
The Administration Services Agreement was renewed for the one (1) year period ending December 31, 2020 and may be terminated upon not more than 60 days written notice by either party.
The administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee accrued daily and paid monthly at an annual rate of:
| $0-$10 billion | 0.0400% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0350% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0265% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0245% |
The sub-administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee payable to Citi by the Administrator on the first business day of each month, or at such times as Citi shall request, at an annual rate of:
| Up to $10 billion | 0.0200% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0150% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0065% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0045% |
The fee rate and breakpoints are determined on the basis of the aggregate average daily net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds, but the assets of the Portfolio that reflects assets of the Feeder Funds are not double-counted. The total administration fee to be paid to the Administrator is allocated to each of the funds in the HSBC Family of Funds based upon its proportionate share of the aggregate net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds, and then allocated to each class of shares on a class basis. For assets invested in the Portfolio by the Feeder Funds, the Portfolio pays half of the administration fee and the Feeder Funds pay half of the administration fee, for a combination at the total fee rate set forth above.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of administration fees incurred directly by the Funds was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Fund | $1,760 | $2,044 | $1,935 |
| Opportunity Fund (Class I) | $24,649 | $28,071 | $25,958 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $3,871 | $10,679 | $16,985 |
TRANSFER AGENT
Under a Transfer Agency Services Agreement, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. acts as transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”) for the Trust. The Transfer Agent maintains an account for each shareholder of record, performs other transfer agency functions and acts as dividend disbursing agent for the Trust. The principal business address of DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. is 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-0953.
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CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custodian Agreement, Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603, acts as the custodian (“Custodian”) of each Fund’s assets. The Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, determining income and collecting interest on each Fund’s investments, maintaining books of original entry for portfolio and fund accounting and other required books and accounts in order to calculate the daily NAV of Shares of each Fund. Securities held for each Fund may be deposited into the Federal Reserve-Treasury Department Book Entry System or the Depository Trust Company. The Custodian does not determine the investment policies of the Funds or decide which securities will be purchased or sold for the Funds. For its services, the Custodian receives such compensation as may from time to time be agreed upon by it and the Trust.
FUND ACCOUNTING AGENT
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also serves as fund accounting agent to each Fund. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, October 31, 2018 and October 31, 2017, the aggregate amount of fund accounting fees incurred by the Funds was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| Opportunity Fund | $24,000 | $21,086 | $18,946 |
| Opportunity Fund (Class I) | $13,999 | $11,081 | $8,978 |
| Frontier Markets Fund | $54,786 | $54,565 | $58,099 |
FEDERAL BANKING LAW
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 repealed certain provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act that had previously restricted the ability of banks and their affiliates to engage in certain mutual fund activities. Nevertheless, HSBC Bank’s and the Adviser’s activities remain subject to, and may be limited by, applicable federal banking law and regulations. HSBC Bank and the Adviser believe that they possess the legal authority to perform the services for the Funds contemplated by the Prospectus, this SAI, and the Advisory Contract without violation of applicable statutes and regulations. If future changes in these laws and regulations were to limit the ability of HSBC Bank and the Adviser to perform these services, the Board would review the relationship with HSBC Bank and the Adviser and consider taking all actions necessary in the circumstances, which could include recommending to shareholders the selection of another qualified advisor or, if that course of action appeared impractical, that a Fund be liquidated.
Entities that are part of banking organizations, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, are subject to extensive government regulation. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant effects, including limiting the ability of the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities, which may adversely impact a Fund. For example, the so-called “Volcker Rule” prohibits the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities. A Fund may be adversely impacted by this rule if the Adviser or its affiliates own 25% or more of a Fund’s shares outside of any seeding period permitted by the rule. These restrictions may prevent a Fund from maintaining sufficient seed capital and may cause the Fund to liquidate at the end of the period if the Fund is not able to achieve sufficient scale. Other restrictions, including restrictions on trading and transactions with affiliates, can also apply. Funds that are not managed by entities that are part of banking organizations are not subject to these limitations.
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EXPENSES
Except for expenses paid by the Adviser and the Distributor, each Fund bears all the costs of its operations. Expenses attributable to a class (“Class Expenses”) shall be allocated to that class only. Class Expenses with respect to the Class A Shares and Class C Shares must include payments made pursuant to their respective Distribution Plan or Shareholder Services Plan. In the event a particular expense is not reasonably allocable by class or to a particular class, it shall be treated as a Fund expense or a Trust expense. Trust expenses directly related to a Fund are charged to the Fund; other expenses are allocated among the applicable series of the Trust in relation to the net assets of each Fund equally or another appropriate basis.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled, “Pricing of Fund Shares.” Neither the Prospectus nor the below is meant to reflect a complete list of valuation methodologies that a Fund may use to value its investments.
The NAV of the Funds is determined once each day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“Exchange”), normally at 4 p.m. Eastern time on days the Exchange is open. The Exchange is generally not open, and the Funds do not price their shares, on most U.S. national holidays (New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day) and on Good Friday. In addition, the Frontiers Markets Fund does not prices its shares on Boxing Day, which is celebrated on December 26th. The Frontier Markets Fund will also not price its shares on Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha, which are two religious Islamic holidays. Because the celebration dates of Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha are based on the Lunar calendar, these dates are not fixed and are only determined a few days prior. The tentative celebration dates for Eid al Fitr and Eid al Adha in 2020 are May 23-24, 2020 and July 30, 2020 to August 3, 2020, respectively. For additional information on these non-U.S. holidays, please contact 1-800-782-8183.
As a result of the combined U.S. and non U.S. holiday schedule for the Frontier Markets Fund, investors periodically may not be able to purchase or redeem Fund shares for consecutive weekdays, including U.S. business days, even though the Fund’s portfolio securities may change significantly in value. This may prevent an investor from fully benefitting from gains in a Fund and may also prevent an investor from avoiding any losses in the Fund. This may also prevent a shareholder from redeeming Fund shares at a time when it may be advantageous to do so.
Pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, investments of the Funds for which there are readily available and reliable market quotes or for which independent pricing service pricing is appropriate are valued as follows:
General
Ø All securities and other investments are valued based on the market quotes from the broadest and most representative market for the securities, or such other methodologies as are set forth below, including prices provided by approved independent pricing services. All valuations are obtained as of the time NAV is calculated on each Fund business day. Any securities and other investments that cannot be priced according to the methodologies set forth below will be valued in accordance with fair valuation methodologies set forth in the Prospectus and applicable guidance on fair valuation. In this regard, if a broker, dealer or market-maker quote is obtained but is reasonably believed not to reflect market
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value based on all data available (e.g., it is an outlier as compared to other quotes), it may be discarded.
Equity securities
Ø Exchange-traded, domestic equity securities are valued at the last sales price on a national securities exchange (except the NASDAQ Stock Market) or, in the absence of recorded sales, at the readily available closing bid price on such exchange. Such securities traded on the NASDAQ Stock Market are valued at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price on the date of valuation.
Ø Domestic equity securities that are not traded on an exchange are valued at the quoted bid price in the over-the-counter market.
Ø Exchange traded, foreign equity securities are valued in the appropriate currency at the last quoted sale price.
Ø Foreign equity securities that are not exchange traded are valued in the appropriate currency at the average of the quoted bid and asked prices in the over-the-counter market.
Ø Participation notes (also known as P-notes) are valued by taking the last sales price of the underlying security on its primary exchange. In the absence of a recorded sale on the underlying security, the readily available closing bid price on such exchange will be used. If no sale is available because the country is on holiday, the previous day’s quoted sales price would be utilized. All local prices will be converted to U.S. dollar using the foreign currency exchange rate as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (usually 4 p.m. EST).
Ø Rights and Warrants are valued at the last sales price on a national securities exchange. If these instruments are not scheduled to trade for a certain period, they are generally valued intrinsically based on the terms of the issuance and the price of the underlying security. The time value of the warrants may also be considered by the Adviser.
Ø Initial Public Offerings (“IPOs”) are typically priced using corresponding approved independent pricing services for equity securities. In instances where there is a time lag between the IPO and the commencement of public trading of the security there may be no vendor price available. In these instances, the purchase price may be utilized; if the purchase price is not confirmed, the bid price may be utilized.
Convertible Securities
Ø Convertible securities are valued at the bid price as of the time NAV is determined by an approved independent pricing service, based on market transactions for normal, institutional-size trading units of similar securities, as well as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other market data, without exclusive reliance on quoted prices on an exchange or over-the-counter prices. If no current day bid price is available then
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they will be priced either using the last quoted sales price or most recent bid price.
Debt Securities
Ø Debt securities are valued at the bid price, as of the time NAV is determined, by an approved independent pricing service, based upon market transactions for normal, institutional-size trading units of similar securities, as well as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, callability or prepayment option, type and size of issue, trading characteristics and other market data, without exclusive reliance on quoted prices on an exchange or over-the-counter prices.
Ø Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost unless it is determined that amortized cost does not represent fair value (e.g., securities that are not expected to mature at par). Issuer-specific and market-based considerations will be taken into account to determine whether amortized cost represents fair value. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less that are not valued based on amortized cost are valued based on prices provided by independent pricing services based on the services’ proprietary pricing models.
Registered investment companies (including ETFs)
Ø Shares of exchange traded and closed-end registered investment companies are valued in the same manner as other equity securities.
Ø Mutual funds are valued at their NAVs, as reported to the investment adviser or its agent.
Foreign currencies
Ø Foreign currencies are valued at the last quoted foreign exchange bid quotation against the U.S. dollar from an approved independent pricing service.
Ø The value of Fund assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into their U.S. dollar equivalent values at such last foreign exchange bid quotation.
Repurchase Agreements
Ø Repurchase agreements are valued at original cost.
Swaps
Ø Swap agreements are valued by an approved independent pricing service:
Ø If a price is not available from an approved independent pricing service, they are valued based upon quotations obtained from broker-dealers or market makers.
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Ø If prices are available from two or more dealers, brokers or market makers, the value shall be the mean of the quotations obtained from these sources.
Ø If prices are available from only one dealer, broker or market maker, the value shall be the quotation provided.
Ø In the absence of a valuation or if the valuation is deemed unreliable, they are valued at the price at which the counterparty would settle or repurchase the instrument.
Options and Other Derivatives
Ø Options and other derivative contracts (other than swaps as set forth above) on securities, currencies and other financial instruments traded in the OTC market are valued at prices provided by an approved independent pricing service
Ø If prices are available from two or more dealers, brokers or market makers, the value shall be the mean of the quotations obtained from these sources.
Ø In the absence of such a value, such derivatives contracts are valued at the marked-to-market price (or the evaluated price if a marked-to-market price is not available) provided by the broker-dealer with which the option was traded (which may also be the counterparty).
Exchange-Traded Options
Ø Exchange-Traded options are valued at the closing price or last sale price on the primary instrument for that option as recorded by an approved independent pricing service.
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
Ø Foreign currency forward contracts are valued by an approved independent pricing service at the current day’s interpolated foreign exchange rate, as calculated using the current day’s spot rate and the prevailing forward rates, and converted to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of such currencies against the U.S. dollar, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time).
Futures Contracts
Ø Futures contracts are valued at their settlement price on the exchange on which they are traded.
Interest income on long-term obligations in a Fund’s portfolio is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of “original issue discount” (generally, the difference between issue price and stated redemption price at maturity) and premiums (generally, the excess of purchase price over stated redemption price at maturity). Interest income on short-term obligations is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of premium.
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The accounting records of a Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. The market value of investment securities, other assets and liabilities and forward contracts denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rates at the end of the period. Purchases and sales of securities, income receipts, and expense payments are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions. Reported net realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions represent net gains and losses from sales and maturities of forward currency contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains and losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions and the difference between the amount of net investment income accrued and the U.S. dollar amount actually received.
The problems inherent in making a good faith determination of value are recognized in the codification effected by SEC Financial Reporting Release No. 1 (“FRR 1” (formerly Accounting Series Release No. 113)) which concludes that there is “no automatic formula” for calculating the value of restricted securities. It recommends that the best method simply is to consider all relevant factors before making any calculation. According to FRR 1 such factors would include consideration of the type of security involved, financial statements, cost at date of purchase, size of holding, discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase, special reports prepared by analysts, information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security, existence of merger proposals or tender offers affecting the security, price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies, and other relevant matters.
To the extent that a Fund purchases securities that are restricted as to resale or for which current market quotations are not available, the Adviser will value such securities based upon all relevant factors as outlined in FRR 1.
Subject to the Trust’s compliance with applicable regulations, the Trust on behalf of each Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption or repurchase price of shares, either totally or partially, by a distribution in-kind of portfolio securities (instead of cash), as applicable. The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the shares being sold. If a shareholder received a distribution in-kind, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
Shares may be purchased through the Funds, Shareholder Servicing Agents or Securities Brokers (as defined above). Shares may be purchased at their NAV next determined after an order is transmitted to and accepted by the Transfer Agent or is received by a Shareholder Servicing Agent or a Securities Broker if it is transmitted to and accepted by the Transfer Agent. Purchases are effected on the same day the purchase order is received by the Transfer Agent provided such order is received prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on any day in which regular trading occurs on the New York Stock Exchange, except on certain non-U.S. holidays as described above (“Fund Business Day”). Each Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker is responsible for and required to promptly forward orders for shares to the Transfer Agent.
All purchase payments are invested in full and fractional Shares. The Trust reserves the right to cease offering Shares for sale at any time or to reject any order for the purchase of Shares.
While there is no sales load on purchases of Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund, the Distributor may receive fees from the Funds. Other funds which have investment objectives similar to those of a Fund but which do not pay some or all of such fees from their assets may offer a higher yield.
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An investor may purchase Shares through the Funds directly or by authorizing his Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker to purchase such Shares on his behalf through the Transfer Agent.
Certain clients of the Adviser whose assets would be eligible for purchase by the Funds may purchase shares of the Trust with such assets. Assets purchased by the Funds will be subject to valuation and other procedures by the Board.
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the sections in the Funds’ Prospectus entitled “Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares” and “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges.” The Prospectus contains a general description of how investors may buy shares of the Funds and states whether a Fund offers more than one class of shares. Class A Shares are generally sold with a sales charge payable at the time of purchase. The Prospectus contains a table of applicable CDSCs. After being held for five years, Class C Shares will automatically convert into Class A Shares, which are not subject to sales charges, or a CDSC. Class C Shares are offered without an initial sales charge. The Opportunity Fund may sell shares without a sales charge or CDSC pursuant to special purchase plans the Trust signs.
The Opportunity Fund offers Class A Shares, Class C Shares and Class I Shares. The Frontier Markets Fund offers Class A Shares and Class I Shares. When purchasing Fund shares, you must specify which Class is being purchased.
If Class I Shares are purchased through a broker or financial intermediary that is acting as an agent on behalf of an investor, the broker or financial intermediary may charge a commission. Class A Shares and Class C Shares (as applicable) are subject to different fees and expenses (which affect performance) and are entitled to different services than Class I Shares.
The decision as to which Class of shares is most beneficial to you depends on the amount and the intended length of your investment. You should consider whether, during the anticipated life of your investment in a Fund, the accumulated distribution fee, service fee and CDSC, if any, on Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund would be less than the accumulated distribution fee and initial sales charge on Class A Shares of each Fund purchased at the same time, and to what extent, if any, such differential would be offset by the return on Class A Shares respectively. Additionally, investors qualifying for reduced initial sales charges who expect to maintain their investment for an extended period of time might consider purchasing Class A Shares of the Opportunity Fund because the accumulated continuing distribution and service fees on Class C Shares exceed the accumulated distribution fee and initial sales charge on Class A Shares during the life of the investment. Finally, you should consider the effect of the CDSC period and any conversion rights of the Classes in the context of your own investment time frame. Generally, Class A Shares will be most appropriate for investors who invest substantial amounts (e.g. over $50,000) in Fund shares.
Shares of the Funds are offered on a continuous basis at NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, by the Distributor as an investment vehicle for institutions, corporations, fiduciaries and individuals.
The sales load on Class A Shares does not apply in any instance to reinvested dividends or distributions.
From time to time, dealers who receive dealer discounts and broker commissions from the Distributor may reallow all or a portion of such dealer discounts and broker commissions to other dealers or brokers. Dealers may not use sales of a Fund’s Shares to qualify for the compensation to the extent such may be prohibited by the laws of any state or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. None of the aforementioned compensation is paid for by the Funds or their shareholders.
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Stock certificates will not be issued with respect to the shares. The Transfer Agent shall keep accounts upon the book of the Trust for recordholders of such shares.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of each Fund may exchange some or all of his Shares for shares of a corresponding class of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of Class A Shares and Class C Shares may exchange some or all of his Shares at NAV without a sales charge for Shares of the same class offered with the same or lower sales charge by another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. Exchanges for Shares with a higher sales charge may be made upon payment of the sales charge differential.
An investor will receive Class A Shares of a Fund in exchange for Class A Shares of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds, unless the investor is eligible to receive Class D Shares of the Money Market Funds, in which case the investor will receive Class D Shares of a Money Market Fund in exchange for Class A Shares of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. Class C Shares and Class I Shares may be exchanged for shares of the same class of one or more funds within the HSBC Family of Funds at NAV without a front-end sales charge provided that the amount to be exchanged meets the applicable minimum investment requirements and the exchange is made in states where it is legally authorized. Exchanges into Class A Shares may be made upon payment of the applicable sales charge, unless otherwise exempt. Shareholders of Class A Shares of the Opportunity Fund who are shareholders as of December 31, 1997 will be grandfathered with respect to the funds within the HSBC Family of Funds and will be exempt from having to pay a sales charge on any new purchases of Class A Shares of the Fund. An exchange of Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund will not affect the holding period of the Class C Shares for purposes of determining the CDSC, if any, upon redemption. An exchange may result in a change in the number of Shares held, but not in the value of such Shares immediately after the exchange. Each exchange involves the redemption of the Shares to be exchanged and the purchase of the shares of the other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds, which may produce a gain or loss for tax purposes.
The exchange privilege (or any aspect of it) may be changed or discontinued upon 60 days written notice to shareholders and is available only to shareholders in states in which such exchanges may be legally made. A shareholder considering an exchange should obtain and read the prospectus of the other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds into which the exchange will be made and consider the differences in investment objectives and policies before making any exchange.
An exchange is considered a sale of shares and may result in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. A shareholder wishing to exchange his or her Shares may do so by contacting the Trust at 800-782-8183, by contacting his or her broker-dealer or by providing written instruction to the Trust.
IN-KIND PURCHASES
The Trust, in its discretion, may permit purchases of Fund shares by means of in-kind contributions of portfolio securities under certain circumstances. An in-kind contribution must be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Funds as described in the Prospectus. In connection with an in-kind securities purchase, the Funds will require, among other things, that the securities be valued in the same manner as they would be valued for purposes of computing a Fund’s NAV; that the Funds receive satisfactory assurances that they will have good and marketable title to the securities received by them; and that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Funds. In addition, the
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Funds generally will not accept securities of any issuer unless they are liquid, have a readily ascertainable market value, and are not subject to restrictions on resale.
The Funds will not be liable for any brokerage commission or fee (except for customary transfer fees) in connection with an in-kind purchase of Fund shares. Your broker may impose a fee in connection with processing your in-kind purchase of Fund shares. An investor contemplating an in-kind purchase of Fund shares should consult his or her tax adviser to determine the tax consequences under Federal and state law of making such a purchase.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
The Trust offers a plan for regularly investing specified dollar amounts ($25.00 minimum in monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual intervals) in the Funds. If an Automatic Investment Plan is selected, subsequent investments will be automatic and will continue until such time as the Trust and the investor’s bank are notified in writing to discontinue further investments. Due to the varying procedures to prepare, process and forward the bank withdrawal information to the Trust, there may be a delay between the time of bank withdrawal and the time the money reaches the Funds. The investment in the Funds will be made at the NAV per share determined on the Fund Business Day that both the check and the bank withdrawal data are received in required form by the Transfer Agent. Further information about the Automatic Investment Plan may be obtained from Citi at the telephone number listed on the front cover.
For further information on how to purchase Shares, an investor should contact the Funds directly at HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183.
PURCHASES THROUGH A SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT OR A SECURITIES BROKER
Shares are being offered to the public, to customers of a Shareholder Servicing Agent and to customers of a Securities Broker. Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers may offer services to their customers, including specialized procedures for the purchase and redemption of Shares, such as pre-authorized or automatic purchase and redemption programs. Each Shareholder Servicing Agent and Securities Broker may establish its own terms, conditions and charges, including limitations on the amounts of transactions, with respect to such services. Charges for these services may include fixed annual fees, account maintenance fees and minimum account balance requirements. The effect of any such fees will be to reduce the net return on the investment of customers of that Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker. Conversely, certain Servicing Agents may (although they are not required by the Trust to do so) credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Servicing Agent and Securities Broker from the Funds, which will have the effect of increasing the net return on the investment of such customers of those Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers.
Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers may transmit purchase payments on behalf of their customers by wire directly to the Funds’ custodian bank by following the procedures described above.
For further information on how to direct a Securities Broker or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to purchase Shares, an investor should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
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SALES CHARGES
CLASS A SHARES
The public offering price of the Class A Shares of the Funds equals NAV plus the applicable sales charge. The Distributor receives this sales charge and may reallow it as dealer discounts and brokerage commissions as follows:
| Size of Transaction at Offering Price |
Sales Charges as a Percentage of Offering Price |
Percentage of Net Amount Invested |
| Less than $50,000 | 5.00% | 5.26% |
| $50,000 but less than $100,000 | 4.50% | 4.71% |
| $100,000 but less than $250,000 | 3.75% | 3.90% |
| $250,000 but less than $500,000 | 2.50% | 2.56% |
| $500,000 but less than $1,000,000 | 2.00% | 2.04% |
| $1,000,000 and over | None | None |
SALES CHARGE WAIVERS
The Funds may waive sales charges for the purchase of Class A Shares of the Funds by or on behalf of: (1) purchasers for whom HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial or similar capacity, (2) employees and retired employees (including spouses, children and parents of employees and retired employees) of HSBC, and any affiliates thereof, (3) Trustees of the Trust, (4) directors and retired directors (including spouses and children of directors and retired directors) of HSBC and any affiliates thereof, (5) purchasers who use proceeds from an account for which HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial or similar capacity, to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds, (6) brokers, dealers and agents who have a sales agreement with the Distributor, and their employees (and the immediate family members of such individuals), (7) investment advisers or financial planners that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor and that place trades for their own accounts or the accounts of eligible clients and that charge a fee for their services, and clients of such investment advisers or financial planners who place trades for their own accounts if such accounts are linked to the master account of the investment adviser or financial planner on the books and records of a broker or agent that has entered into an agreement with the Distributor, (8) orders placed on behalf of other investment companies distributed by Foreside or its affiliated companies, and (9) shares purchased by tax-qualified employee benefit plans. The Opportunity Fund may also waive sales charges for the purchase of Class A Shares that were subject to a sales charge or sales charges for the purchase of Class C Shares. The purchase must be made within 60 days of the redemption, and the Transfer Agent must be notified in writing by the investor, or by his or her financial institution, at the time the purchase is made. A copy of the investor’s account statement showing such redemption must accompany such notice. To receive a sales charge waiver in conjunction with any of the above categories, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of qualification.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES
For purposes of qualifying for a lower sales charge, investors have the privilege of combining “concurrent purchases” of Class A Shares of any fund in the HSBC Family of Funds. For example, if a shareholder concurrently purchases Class A Shares in one of the Funds of the Trust sold with a sales charge at the total public offering price of $25,000 and Class A Shares in another Fund sold with a sales charge at the total public offering price of $75,000, the sales charge would be that applicable to a $100,000 purchase as shown in the appropriate table above. The investor’s “concurrent purchases” described above shall include the combined purchases of the investor, the investor’s spouse and children
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under the age of 21 and the purchaser’s retirement plan accounts. To receive the applicable public offering price pursuant to this privilege, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of qualification. This privilege, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
LETTER OF INTENT
An investor may obtain a reduced sales charge by means of a written Letter of Intent, which expresses the intention of such investor to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds at a designated total public offering price within a designated 13-month period. Each purchase of Class A Shares under a Letter of Intent will be made at the NAV plus the sales charge applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the total dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent (the “Applicable Sales Charge”). A Letter of Intent may include purchases of Class A Shares made not more than 90 days prior to the date such investor signs a Letter of Intent; however, the 13-month period during which the Letter of Intent is in effect will begin on the date of the earliest purchase to be included. An investor will receive as a credit against his/her purchase(s) of Class A Shares during this 90-day period at the end of the 13-month period, the difference, if any, between the sales load paid on previous purchases qualifying under the Letter of Intent and the Applicable Sales Charge.
A Letter of Intent is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is 5% of such amount. Class A Shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow (while remaining registered in the name of the investor) to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the Class A Shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased, and such escrowed Class A Shares will be involuntarily redeemed to pay the additional sales charge, if necessary. Dividends on escrowed Class A Shares, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Class A Shares, are not subject to escrow. The escrowed Class A Shares will not be available for disposal by the investor until all purchases pursuant to the Letter of Intent have been made or the higher sales charge has been paid. When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released. To the extent that an investor purchases more than the dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent and qualifies for a further reduced sales charge, the sales charge will be adjusted for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period. The difference in sales charge will be used to purchase additional Class A Shares of the Funds at the then-current public offering price subject to the rate of sales charge applicable to the actual amount of the aggregate purchases. For further information about Letters of Intent, interested investors should contact the Trust at 1-800-782-8183. This program, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
RIGHT OF ACCUMULATION
Pursuant to the right of accumulation, investors are permitted to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds at the public offering price applicable to the total of: (a) the total public offering price of the Class A Shares of the Funds then being purchased; plus (b) an amount equal to the then-current NAV of the “purchaser’s combined holdings” of the Class A Shares of the Funds that were subject to a sales charge, any Class A Shares and Class I Shares acquired through asset allocation programs such as the HSBC Spectrum Program, which were not subject to a sales charge, and any Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund held. Class A Shares sold to purchasers for whom HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial (other than retirement accounts), agency, or similar capacity are not presently subject to a sales charge. The “purchaser’s combined holdings” described above shall include the combined holdings of the purchaser, the purchaser’s spouse and children under the age of 21 and the purchaser’s retirement plan accounts. To receive the applicable public offering price pursuant to the right of accumulation, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit
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confirmation of qualification. This right of accumulation, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
CONVERSION FEATURE - CLASS C SHARES OF THE OPPORTUNITY FUND
Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund will convert to Class A Shares of the same Fund after five years from the beginning of the calendar month in which the Class C Shares were originally purchased. After conversion, the shares will be subject to the lower distribution and shareholder servicing fees charged on Class A Shares, which will increase the shareholder’s investment return compared to the Class C Shares. A shareholder will not pay any sales charge or fees when his or her shares convert, nor will the transaction be subject to any tax. If an investor purchased Class C Shares of one Fund, which he or she exchanged for Class C Shares of another Fund, the holding period will be calculated from the time of the original purchase of Class C Shares. The dollar value of Class A Shares the investor receives will equal the dollar value of the Class C Shares converted.
LEVEL LOAD ALTERNATIVE - CLASS C SHARES OF THE OPPORTUNITY FUND
Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund may be purchased for individual accounts normally in amounts of less than $100,000. Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund are sold at NAV without an initial sales charge but are subject to a CDSC of 1.00% on most redemptions made within one year after purchase (calculated from the last day of the month in which the shares were purchased). The CDSC will be assessed on an amount equal to the lesser of the current market value or the cost of the shares being redeemed. Class C Shares are subject to an annual 12b-1 fee of up to 1.00% of the average daily net assets of the Class.
The higher fees mean a higher expense ratio, so Class C Shares pay correspondingly lower dividends and may have a lower NAV than Class A Shares. Broker-dealers and other financial intermediaries whose clients have purchased Class C Shares may receive a trailing commission equal to 1.00% of the average daily NAV of such shares on an annual basis held by their clients more than one year from the date of purchase. Trailing commissions will commence immediately with respect to shares eligible for exemption from the CDSC normally applicable to Class C Shares.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
A shareholder may redeem all or any portion of the shares in his account at any time at the NAV next determined after a redemption order in good order is furnished by the shareholder to the Transfer Agent, with respect to shares purchased directly through the Funds, or to his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent, and is transmitted to and received by the Transfer Agent. Class A Shares and Class I Shares of the applicable Funds may be redeemed without charge while Class C Shares of the Opportunity Fund may be subject to a CDSC. See “Level Load Alternative -- Class C Shares” above. Redemptions are effected on the same day the redemption order is received by the Transfer Agent provided such order is received prior to the close of trading on the Exchange, on any Fund Business Day. See “Determination of Net Asset Value” above. Shares redeemed earn dividends up to and including the day prior to the day the redemption is effected.
Except as otherwise set forth in the Prospectus, the proceeds of a redemption are normally paid from each Fund in U.S. dollars within two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements of your financial intermediaries) following the date on which the redemption is effected, however, while not expected, payment of sales proceeds may take up to seven days. The Funds may suspend the right of redemption and postpone for more than seven days the date of payment upon redemption: (i) during periods when the Exchange is closed other than for weekends and certain holidays or when trading on
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such Exchange is restricted; (ii) during periods in which, as a result of emergency, disposal, or evaluation of the NAV of the portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit. To be in a position to eliminate excessive expenses, the Trust reserves the right to redeem upon not less than 30 days notice all shares in an account which has a value below $50, provided that such involuntary redemptions will not result from fluctuations in the value of Fund shares. A shareholder will be allowed to make additional investments prior to the date fixed for redemption to avoid liquidation of the account.
Unless shares have been purchased directly from the Funds, a shareholder may redeem shares only by authorizing his Securities Broker, if applicable, or his Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem such Shares on his behalf (since the account and records of such a shareholder are established and maintained by his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent). For further information as to how to direct a Securities Broker or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem shares, a shareholder should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
The Board has adopted procedures that provide that redemptions by shareholders may be satisfied by the distribution of portfolio securities in-kind, reflecting the shareholder’s proportionate interest in the relevant Fund, subject to certain adjustments.
Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of any redemption proceeds in-kind. However, the Funds have made an election pursuant to Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act to redeem shares of each Fund solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. The Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of other redemptions by a distribution of portfolio securities in kind from the applicable Fund’s portfolio. The securities distributed in kind would be valued at the same value as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV of the shares being redeemed. In the event a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities, it would be the responsibility of the shareholder to dispose of the securities. The shareholder would be subject to any risk that the value of the securities would decline prior to their sale, that it would be difficult to sell the securities, and that brokerage fees could be incurred.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
Any shareholder who owns shares with an aggregate value of $10,000 or more may establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan under which he redeems at NAV the number of full and fractional shares that will produce the monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments specified (minimum $50.00 per payment). Depending on the amounts withdrawn, systematic withdrawals may deplete the investor’s principal. Investors contemplating participation in this Systematic Withdrawal Plan should consult their tax advisers. No additional charge to the shareholder is made for this service.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES PURCHASED DIRECTLY THROUGH THE FUNDS
Redemption by Letter. Redemptions may be made by letter to the Transfer Agent specifying the dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed, account number and the Fund. The letter must be signed in exactly the same way the account is registered (if there is more than one owner of the Shares, all must sign). In connection with a written redemption request, all signatures of all registered owners or authorized parties must be guaranteed by an Eligible Guarantor Institution, which includes a domestic bank, broker, dealer, credit union, national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency or savings association. The Funds’ transfer agent, however, may reject redemption instructions if the guarantor is neither a member nor a participant in a signature guarantee program (currently known as “STAMP,” “SEMP,” or “NYSE MSP”). Corporations, partnerships, trusts or other legal entities may be required to submit additional documentation.
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Redemption by Wire or Telephone. An investor may redeem shares of the Funds by wire or by telephone if he has checked the appropriate box on the Purchase Application or has filed a Telephone Authorization Form with the Trust. These redemptions may be paid from the applicable Fund by wire or by check. The Trust reserves the right to refuse telephone wire redemptions and may limit the amount involved or the number of telephone redemptions. The telephone redemption procedure may be modified or discontinued at any time by the Trust. Instructions for wire redemptions are set forth in the Purchase Application. The Trust employs reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. For instance, the following information must be verified by the shareholder or securities broker at the time a request for a telephone redemption is effected: (1) shareholder’s account number; (2) shareholder’s social security number; and (3) name and account number of shareholder’s designated securities broker or bank. If the Trust fails to follow these or other established procedures, it may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions.
RETIREMENT PLANS
Shares of the Funds are offered in connection with tax-deferred retirement plans. Application forms and further information about these plans, including applicable fees, are available from the Trust or the Sponsor upon request. The tax law governing tax-deferred retirement plans is complex and changes frequently. Before investing in the Funds through one or more of these plans, an investor should consult his or her tax adviser.
INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS (“IRAs”)
Shares of the Funds may be used as a funding medium for an IRA. An Internal Revenue Service-approved IRA plan may be available from an investor’s Servicing Agent. In any event, such a plan is available from the Sponsor naming UMB Fund Services as custodian. The minimum initial investment for an IRA is $250; the minimum subsequent investment is $100. In general, IRAs are available to individuals who receive compensation or earned income and their spouses whether or not they are active participants in a tax- qualified or Government-approved retirement plan. In general, an IRA contribution by an individual who participates, or whose spouse participates, in a tax-qualified or Government-approved retirement plan may not be deductible, in whole or in part, depending upon the individual’s income. Individuals also may establish an IRA to receive a “rollover” contribution of distributions from another IRA or a qualified plan. Tax advice should be obtained before planning a rollover or determining contribution limits.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS
Investors who are self-employed may purchase shares of the Funds for retirement plans for self-employed persons that are known as defined contribution plans (formerly Keogh or H.R. 10 Plans). HSBC offers a prototype plan for money purchase and profit sharing defined contribution plans. The rules governing these plans are complex, and a tax adviser should be consulted.
SECTION 457 PLAN, 401(K) PLAN, 403(B) PLAN
The Funds may be used as investment vehicles for certain deferred compensation plans provided for by Section 457 of the Code with respect to service for state governments, local governments, rural electric cooperatives and political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, tax-exempt organizations and certain affiliates of such entities. The Funds may also be used as investment vehicles for both 401(k) plans and 403(b) plans.
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DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Generally, a Fund’s net investment income consists of the interest and dividend income it earns, less expenses. In computing interest income, premiums are not amortized nor are discounts accrued on long-term debt securities in the Fund, except as required for federal income tax purposes. A Fund’s net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed to shareholders annually. Additional distributions are also made to each Fund’s shareholders to the extent necessary to avoid application of the 4% non-deductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed income and net capital gains of regulated investment companies. Shares begin accruing dividends on the day they are purchased.
Dividends for the Funds are distributed monthly. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends in cash (subject to the policies of the shareholder’s Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker), dividends are distributed in the form of additional full and fractional shares of each Fund.
Certain mortgage-backed securities may provide for periodic or unscheduled payments of principal and interest as the mortgages underlying the securities are paid or prepaid. However, such principal payments (not otherwise characterized as ordinary discount income or bond premium expense) will not normally be considered as income to the Opportunity Fund or Portfolio and therefore will not be distributed as dividends to the shareholders of the Fund that invest in the Portfolio. Rather, these payments on mortgage-backed securities generally will be reinvested by the Portfolio in accordance with their investment objectives and policies.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001 per share) and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. Currently, the Trust has 8 operational series of shares, each of which constitutes a separately managed “Fund.” The Trust reserves the right to create additional series of shares. Currently, the Funds issue separate classes of shares as described under “General Information.”
Subject to the distinctions permitted among classes of the Trust or any series as established by the Trustees consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act, each share of the Trust or any series shall represent an equal beneficial interest in the net assets of the Trust or such series, and each shareholder of the Trust or any series shall be entitled to receive such shareholder’s pro rata share of distributions of income and capital gains, if any, made with respect to the Trust or such series. Upon redemption of the shares of any series, the applicable shareholder shall be paid solely out of the funds and property of such series of the Trust. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
The Trustees may require shareholders to redeem shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees. When issued, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain transfer agency, servicing or similar agent charges by setting off such charges due from such shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such shareholder.
Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held on matters on which they are entitled to vote (and a proportionate fractional vote for each fraction of a share). The Trust is not required and has no
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current intention to hold annual meetings of shareholders, although the Trust will hold special meetings of Fund shareholders when in the judgment of the Trustees of the Trust it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. It is not anticipated that the Trust will hold shareholders’ meetings unless required by law or its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or By-Laws. On any matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, all shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted in aggregate, except: (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares shall be voted by individual series or class; (ii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more series, then only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon; and (iii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more classes, then only the shareholders of such class or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. Accordingly, shareholders of each series generally vote separately, for example, to approve investment advisory contracts or changes in fundamental investment policies or restrictions, but shareholders of all series may vote together to the extent required under the 1940 Act, such as in the election or selection of Trustees, principal underwriters and accountants for the Trust. Under certain circumstances, the shareholders of one or more series could control the outcome of these votes.
Shares of each class of a series represent an equal pro rata interest in such series and, generally, have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, powers, terms and conditions, except that: (i) each class shall have a different designation; (ii) each class of shares shall bear any class expenses; and (iii) each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class. Upon liquidation or dissolution of a Fund, shareholders of the Fund would generally be entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund’s available for distribution to shareholders.
The shareholders of the Funds have the power to vote only: (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as and to the extent provided in the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust; (ii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by federal law including the 1940 Act, or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) or any state; and (iii) as the Trustees may otherwise consider necessary or desirable in their sole discretion.
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a “Delaware statutory trust.” Under Delaware law and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of corporations organized under Delaware law. Therefore, shareholders generally will not be subject to personal liability for Fund obligations. The risk that a shareholder will incur personal liability for Fund obligations is limited to the circumstances in which a state court may not apply Delaware law or the terms of the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
OWNERSHIP OF THE FUNDS
As of February 3, 2020, the following persons owned of record 5% or more of a Fund or class of shares:
| Fund/Class | Percent of the Class Total Assets Held by the Shareholder | |
| HSBC Opportunity Fund – Class A | ||
| Pershing LLC Corporation* 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
67.30% | |
| 92 |
| HSBC Opportunity Fund – Class C | ||
| Pershing
LLC* 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
100% | |
| HSBC Opportunity Fund – Class I | ||
| SEI
Private Trust Company C/O M&T Bank Attn: Mutal Fund Administrator One Freedom Valley Drive Oaks, PA 19456-9989 |
23.44% | |
| Vanguard
Fiduciary Trust Company Attn: Investment Services P.O. Box 2600 Valley Forge, PA19482-2600 |
19.52% | |
| National
Financial Services LLC Newport Office Center III 499 Washington Boulevard, 5th Floor Jersey City, NJ 07310-2010 |
13.02% | |
| Great-West
Trust Company LLC TTEE Trihealth 403B Voluntary Savings Pl 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002 |
12.62% | |
| Capinco
C/O US Bank NA 1555 N. Rivercenter Dr., Suite 302 Milwaukee, WI 53212-3958 |
6.76% | |
| Pershing
LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
6.23% | |
| Great-West
Trust Company LLC TTEE Trihealth 401K Retirement Savings Pl 8515 E. Orchard Rd. 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002 |
5.99% |
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| HSBC Frontier Market Fund – Class A | ||
| Charles Schwab & Co. Inc.* Special Custody Account Attn: Mutual Funds 211Main Street San Francisco, CA 94104-4151 |
28.83% | |
| National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
12.28% | |
| TD
Ameritrade Prestige Investment Management 4885 Truxtun Ave., Suite A Bakersfield, CA 93309-0738 |
9.14% | |
| National
Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
8.62% | |
| Pershing
LLC 1 Pershing Plaza Jersey City, NJ 07399-0002 |
7.26% | |
| National Financial Services LLC 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
5.52% | |
| HSBC Frontier Markets Fund – Class I | ||
| National
Financial Services LLC* Attn: Mutual Funds Department, 4th Floor 499 Washington Boulevard Jersey City, NJ 07310-1995 |
80.62% |
*Entity owned more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A shareholder owning of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding shares may be considered a control person and could have a more significant effect on matters presented at a shareholders’ meeting than votes of other shareholders.
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TAXATION
Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax issues concerning the Funds and the purchase, ownership, and disposition of Fund shares. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to shareholders in light of their particular circumstances. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. Prospective investors should consult their own tax adviser with regard to the federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of Fund shares, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction. Future changes in tax laws may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders.
TAX STATUS OF THE FUNDS
The Funds each intend to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, each Fund must, among other things: (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, foreign currencies, net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), in two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for federal tax treatment as a regulated investment company, all of the Fund’s net taxable investment income would (unless certain cure provisions apply) be subject to federal and, potentially, state income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders. In such event, dividend distributions (including amounts derived from interest on municipal securities) would be taxable to a Fund’s shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes to shareholders, if at least 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) for the taxable year is distributed (i.e., the 90% distribution requirement). Each Fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of such income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, each Fund must generally distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of: (1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year; (2) at least 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year; and (3) all ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed or taxed during such years. To avoid application of the excise tax, the Funds intend to make distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.
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A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of a calendar year if it is declared by a Fund in October, November or December of that year with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Such a distribution will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distribution is declared, rather than the calendar year in which it is received.
For federal income tax purposes, the Funds are generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during subsequent taxable years. As of October 31, 2019, the Funds had the following capital loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes which may be carried forward indefinitely with the retained tax character as set forth in the table below:
| Fund | Short-Term Amount |
Long-Term Amount |
Total | ||
| Opportunity Fund | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Opportunity Fund (Class I) | $0 | $0 | $0 | ||
| Frontier Markets Fund | $8,391,064 | 17,996,158 | $26,387,222 |
These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future net capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
THE PORTFOLIO
The Portfolio has obtained a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service that the Portfolio will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. For purposes of determining whether a Fund satisfies the income and diversification tests to maintain its status as a regulated investment company, the Fund, as an investor in the Portfolio, will be deemed to own a proportionate share of the Portfolio’s income and assets.
DISTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL
Distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income, whether paid in cash or shares (see below for information concerning reduced rates of tax for certain capital gain dividends). Dividends paid by a Fund to a corporate shareholder, to the extent such dividends are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, may, subject to limitation, be eligible for the dividends received deduction.
Generally, the maximum tax rate for individual taxpayers on long-term capital gains and on certain qualifying dividends on corporate stock is 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. These rates do not apply to corporate taxpayers. Each Fund will be able to separately report distributions of any qualifying long-term capital gains or qualifying dividends earned by the Fund that would be eligible for the lower maximum rate. A shareholder would also have to satisfy a more than 60-day holding period as well as other requirements with respect to any distributions of qualifying dividends in order to obtain the benefit of the lower rate. Distributions from Funds investing in bonds and other debt instruments will generally not qualify for the lower rates. Note that distributions of earnings from dividends paid by “qualified foreign corporations” can also qualify for the lower tax rates on qualifying dividends. Qualified foreign corporations are corporations incorporated in a U.S. possession, corporations whose stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S., and corporations eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States, which satisfy certain other requirements. Passive foreign investment companies are not treated as
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“qualified foreign corporations.” Individuals (and certain other non-corporate entities) are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to taxable ordinary dividends from REITs. Recently proposed IRS regulations allow a regulated investment company to pass through to its shareholders such taxable ordinary REIT dividends. Accordingly, individual (and certain other non-corporate) shareholders of a regulated investment company that have received taxable ordinary REIT dividends may be able to take advantage of this 20% deduction with respect to any such amounts passed through.
The excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses realized, distributed and properly reported by a Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares, will generally be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares. Capital gain distributions made to individuals are generally subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net capital gains from assets held for one year or less will be taxed as ordinary income.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares will be taxed on the amount of such distribution and will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share received equal to the amount of the cash the shareholder could have received. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions.
If the NAV of shares is reduced below a shareholder’s cost as a result of a distribution by a Fund, such distribution generally will be taxable even though it represents a partial return of invested capital. Investors should be careful to consider the tax implications of buying shares of a Fund just prior to a distribution. The price of shares purchased at this time will include the amount of the forthcoming distribution, but the distribution will generally be taxable to the shareholder.
Distributions in excess of a Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of a shareholder’s investment to the extent of the shareholder’s basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of a shareholder’s investment, reduces the shareholder’s basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Fund’s NAV per share and may be taxable to a shareholder as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.
SALE, EXCHANGE, OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Upon a redemption, sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss depending upon his or her basis in the shares. A gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholder’s hands, and the rate of tax will depend upon the shareholder’s holding period for the shares. If an individual shareholder has held the shares as a capital asset for more than one year, the maximum current federal income tax rate is generally 15% or 20%, depending on whether the shareholder’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Any loss realized on a redemption, sale or exchange also will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced (including through reinvestment of dividends) within a period of 61 days, beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. If a shareholder holds Fund shares for six months or less and during that
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period receives a distribution taxable to the shareholder as long-term capital gain, any loss realized on the sale of such shares during such six-month period would be a long-term loss to the extent of such distribution.
The Code requires the Funds to report to the Internal Revenue Service, and furnish to Fund shareholders, cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and sold on or after that date. The Funds will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several cost basis methods accepted by the Internal Revenue Service, including average cost. In the absence of an election by a shareholder, the Funds will use the average cost method with respect to that shareholder.
If, within 90 days after purchasing Fund shares with a sales charge, a shareholder exchanges the shares and acquires new shares at a reduced (or without any) sales charge pursuant to a right acquired with the original shares prior to February 1st of the calendar year following the initial acquisition of Fund shares, prior to February 1st of the calendar year following the initial acquisition of Fund shares, then the shareholder may not take the original sales charge into account in determining the shareholder’s gain or loss on the disposition of the shares. Gain or loss will generally be determined by excluding all or a portion of the sales charge from the shareholder’s tax basis in the exchanged shares, and the amount excluded will be treated as an amount paid for the new shares.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
The Funds generally will be required to withhold federal income tax at a current rate of 24% (“backup withholding”) from dividends paid, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds to shareholders if: (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Funds with the shareholder’s correct taxpayer identification number or social security number; (2) the IRS notifies the shareholder or the Funds that the shareholder has failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect; or (3) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s federal income tax liability.
OTHER TAXATION
Distributions may be subject to additional state and local taxes, depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS
Taxation of a shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, foreign trust or estate, or foreign corporation or foreign partnership (“foreign shareholder”), depends on whether the income from a Fund is “effectively connected” with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder. If the income from a Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, ordinary income dividends (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains) will generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the dividend. Note that the preferential rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income (discussed above) does not apply to dividends paid to foreign shareholders. Such a foreign shareholder would generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on gains realized on the sale of shares of a Fund, and distributions of net long-term capital gains that are reported as capital gain dividends. If the income from a Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and any gains realized upon the sale of shares of a Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations. If the Funds elect to report distributions derived from certain U.S.
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source interest and short-term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. However, depending on the circumstances, a Fund may report all, some or none of the Fund’s potentially eligible dividends as eligible for this exemption, and a portion of the Fund’s distributions (e.g. interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding.
The Funds are required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Funds to enable the Funds to determine whether withholding is required.
The tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, including the applicability of the U.S. estate tax and foreign taxes.
FUND INVESTMENTS
Market Discount. If a Fund purchases a debt security in the secondary market at a price lower than the stated redemption price at maturity of such debt security, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price is “market discount.” If the amount of market discount is more than a de minimis amount, a portion of such market discount must be included as ordinary income (not capital gain) by a Fund in respect of each taxable year in which the Fund owns an interest in such debt security and receives a principal payment on it. In particular, a Fund will be required to allocate that principal payment first to the portion of the market discount on the debt security that has accrued but has not previously been includable in income. In general, the amount of market discount that must be included for each period is equal to the lesser of (i) the amount of market discount accruing during such period (plus any accrued market discount for prior periods not previously taken into account) or (ii) the amount of the principal payment with respect to such period. Generally, market discount accrues on a daily basis for each day the debt security is held by a Fund, at a constant rate over the time remaining to the debt security’s maturity or, at the election of the Fund, at a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the semi-annual compounding of interest. Gain realized on the disposition of a market discount obligation must be recognized as ordinary interest income (not capital gain) to the extent of the “accrued market discount” not previously taken into account.
Original Issue Discount. Certain debt securities acquired by a Fund may be treated as debt securities that were originally issued at a discount. Very generally, original issue discount is defined as the difference between the price at which a security was issued and its stated redemption price at maturity. Although a Fund receives no actual cash income from such a discount, original issue discount that accrues on debt securities in a given year generally are treated for federal income tax purposes as interest and, therefore, such income would be subject to the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies. Some debt securities may be purchased by a Fund at a discount that exceeds the original issue discount on such debt securities, if any. This additional discount generally represents market discount for federal income tax purposes (see above).
Options, Futures and Forward Contracts. Any regulated futures contracts and certain options (namely, nonequity options and dealer equity options) in which a Fund may invest may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains (or losses) on these contracts generally are considered to be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses. Also, section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of each taxable
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year (and on certain other dates prescribed in the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized.
Transactions in options, futures and forward contracts undertaken by a Fund may result in “straddles” for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by a Fund, and losses realized by the Fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized. In addition, certain carrying charges (including any interest expense) associated with positions in a straddle may be required to be capitalized rather than deducted currently. Certain elections that the Funds may make with respect to its straddle positions may also affect the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected positions.
Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the consequences of such transactions to the Funds are not entirely clear. The straddle rules may increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Funds, which are characterized as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a Fund that did not engage in such transactions.
Certain hedging activities may cause a dividend that would otherwise be subject to the lower tax rate applicable to a “qualifying dividend,” to instead be subject to the rate of tax applicable to ordinary income.
Constructive Sales. Under certain circumstances, the Funds may recognize gain from a constructive sale of an “appreciated financial position” it holds if it enters into a short sale, forward contract or other transaction that substantially reduces the risk of loss with respect to the appreciated position. In that event, a Fund would be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and would be taxed on any gain (but not loss) from the constructive sale. The character of gain from a constructive sale would depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the property. Loss from a constructive sale would be recognized when the property was subsequently disposed of, and its character would depend on a Fund’s holding period and the application of various loss deferral provisions of the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to transactions if such transaction is closed before the end of the 30th day after the close of a Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
FOREIGN TAX ISSUES
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. The Funds may invest in stocks of foreign companies that are considered as passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) under the Code. In general, a foreign company is considered a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income constitutes investment-type income. In general, under the PFIC rules, an “excess distribution” received with respect to PFIC stock is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Funds held the PFIC stock. A Fund itself will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to that Fund’s holding period in prior taxable years (and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior taxable years) even though that Fund distributes the corresponding income to shareholders. Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC stock as well as certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are characterized as ordinary income.
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The Funds may be able to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC stock. Under an election that currently may be available, a Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. Alternatively, each Fund may be able to elect to mark to market its PFIC stock, resulting in the stock being treated as having been sold at fair market value on the last business day of each taxable year. Any resulting gain would be reported by a Fund as ordinary income, and mark-to-market losses and any loss from an actual disposition of the Fund’s shares would be deductible by the Fund as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior taxable years.
Alternatively a Fund may be able to elect to treat a PFIC investment as a “qualified electing fund” upon the condition precedent that the PFIC furnishes a PFIC annual information statement to the Fund. Under this election the Fund would be required to annually recognize its pro-rata share of net income and net capital gains of the PFIC regardless of whether they are actually distributed by the PFIC.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC stock, as well as subject each Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC stock, the amount that must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC stock. Note that distributions from a PFIC are not eligible for the reduced rate of tax on “qualifying dividends.”
Foreign Taxes. Income received by the Funds from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such countries. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, or if at least 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies, and the Fund distributes at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, that Fund will be eligible and may (or may not) elect to “pass through” to that Fund’s shareholders the amount of qualifying foreign taxes paid by the Fund (the “pass-through election”). Pursuant to this election, a shareholder will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his pro rata share of the qualifying foreign taxes paid by a Fund, and will be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his pro rata share of foreign income and similar taxes in computing his taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions, but such a shareholder may be eligible to claim the foreign tax credit (see below). No credit may be claimed by a shareholder with respect to Fund shares that have been held less than 16 days. Each shareholder will be notified after the close of a Fund’s taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year.
Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of a Fund’s income flows through to its shareholders. With respect to each Fund, gains from the sale of securities may be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains including fluctuation gains from foreign currency denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, may be treated as derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as defined for purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source passive income passed through by a Fund. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by a Fund. If a Fund is not eligible to, or does not, make the pass-through election, the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company taxable income and the distributions by a Fund will be treated as United
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States source income. Furthermore, the amount of the foreign tax credit that is available to a shareholder may be limited to the extent that dividends from a foreign corporation qualify for the lower tax rate on “qualifying dividends.”
Foreign Currency. Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which occur between the time a Fund accrues income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, on disposition of some investments, including debt securities and certain forward contracts denominated in a foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as “section 988” gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s net investment income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the amount of income that each Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed other net investment income during a taxable year, a Fund would not be able to make ordinary dividend distributions, and any distributions made before the losses were realized would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders for federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares.
As described above, at least 90% of a Fund’s gross income for each taxable year must be Qualifying Income. The Code expressly confers upon the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States the authority to issue tax regulations that would exclude income and gains from investments in foreign currencies from treatment as Qualifying Income in cases in which the foreign currency income or gains are not directly related to the company’s principal business of investing in stocks or securities (or options or futures with respect to such stocks or securities). In light of this grant of regulatory authority, there is no assurance that the Secretary will not issue such regulations. Moreover, there is a remote possibility that such regulations may be applied retroactively, which could affect the ability of a Fund to qualify as a RIC.
OTHER INFORMATION
CAPITALIZATION
The Trust is an open-end, management investment company formed as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 2, 2016. The Funds were previously series of HSBC Funds or HSBC Advisor Funds Trust, different legal entities organized as a Massachusetts business trust and New York trust, respectively (together, the “Predecessor Trusts”). In 2016, at a special meeting of shareholders, the shareholders of each series of the Predecessor Trusts (the “Predecessor Funds”) approved the reorganization of the Predecessor Funds with and into corresponding “shell” series of the Trust. The shell series of the Trust succeeded to the accounting and performance histories of the Predecessor Funds. Any historical information provided for a Fund that relates to periods prior to June 24, 2016 is that of the corresponding Predecessor Fund.
The HSBC Predecessor Trust was a Massachusetts business trust established under a Declaration of Trust dated April 22, 1987, as a successor to two previously-existing Massachusetts business trusts, Fund Trust Tax-Free Trust (organized on July 30, 1986) and Fund Vest (organized on July 17, 1984, and since renamed Fund Source). Prior to October 3, 1994, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Fund Trust.” Prior to April 12, 2001, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Republic Funds.” Prior to February 28,
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2012, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “HSBC Investor Funds.” The HSBC Advisor Funds Trust Predecessor Trust was a Massachusetts business trust established under a Declaration of Trust dated April 5, 1996.
The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 each. The Board may establish additional series (with different investment objectives and fundamental policies) and classes of shares within each series at any time in the future. Establishment and offering of additional classes or series will not alter the rights of the Funds’ shareholders.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board has appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust. PwC audits the Trust’s annual financial statements and prepares the Trust’s income tax returns. PwC’s address is 300 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017.
COUNSEL
Dechert LLP, 1900 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, advises on certain legal matters in connection with the shares of the Funds offered by the Trust, and also acts as counsel to the Trust. Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2000 K Street, N.W. Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20006, acts as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Trust.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Trust, and each of the Adviser, the Subadvisers and Citi have adopted a code of ethics, as required by applicable law, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser, the Subadvisers and Citi from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a code). Each Code sets forth restrictions with respect to certain transaction and contains preclearance and reporting obligations.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to shares of a Fund, certain portions of which have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be obtained on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov or copies of this information may be obtained after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request, at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document that was filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Each Fund’s current audited financial statements (and the audited financial statements of the Portfolio) dated October 31, 2019 have been audited by PwC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as indicated in its report with respect thereto, and are hereby incorporated herein by reference from the
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Annual Report of the Funds dated October 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC. Copies of the report will be provided without charge to each person receiving this SAI.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
All shareholder inquiries should be directed to the Trust, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691.
GENERAL AND ACCOUNT INFORMATION: (800) 782-8183 (TOLL FREE)
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITY RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR’S
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on Standard & Poor’s analysis of the following considerations:
· Likelihood of payment – capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation;
· Nature of and provisions of the obligation;
· Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights.
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
RESTRICTED - A-1
B An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
A Standard & Poor’s U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor’s opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor’s analysis will review the following considerations:
· Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and
· Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note.
RESTRICTED - A-2
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Variable Rate Demand Obligations:
Standard & Poor’s assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ’SP-1+/A-1+’).
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE (“Moody’s”)
Long-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
RESTRICTED - A-3
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
U.S. Municipal Short Term Obligation Ratings
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
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VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated “Not Prime” do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
FITCH, INC. (“Fitch Ratings”)
Corporate Finance Obligations – Long-Term Rating Scales
Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument.
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The relationship between issuer scale and obligation scale assumes an historical average recovery of between 30%–50% on the senior, unsecured obligations of an issuer. As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or Issuer Default Rating (“IDR”).
AAA Highest credit quality. ‘AAA’ denotes the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. ‘AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. ‘A’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. ‘BBB’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. ‘BB’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC Substantial credit risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Notes: The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below ‘B’.
The subscript ‘emr’ is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
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Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Obligations in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F-1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F-2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F-3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
RESTRICTED - A-7


UNITED STATES
Concise Proxy Voting Guidelines
Benchmark Policy Recommendations
Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2020
Published December 11, 2019
ISSGOVERNANCE.COM
© 2019 | Institutional Shareholder Services and/or its affiliates
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The policies contained herein are a sampling only of selected key ISS U.S. proxy voting guidelines, and are not intended to be exhaustive. The complete guidelines can be found at:
https://www.issgovernance.com/policy-gateway/voting-policies/
Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new nominees1 considered on case-by-case basis): |
Independence
Vote against2 or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and Non-Independent Non-Executive Directors per ISS’ Classification of Directors) when:
| ▪ | Independent directors comprise 50 percent or less of the board; | |
| ▪ | The non-independent director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating committee; | |
| ▪ | The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; or | |
| ▪ | The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee. |
Composition
Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings: Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees who served only part of the fiscal year3) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:
| ▪ | Medical issues/illness; | |
| ▪ | Family emergencies; and | |
| ▪ | Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer). |
1 A “new nominee” is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.
2 In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.
3 Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from the attendance policy.
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In cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.
If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.
Overboarded Directors: Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:
| ▪ | Sit on more than five public company boards; or | |
| ▪ | Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own—withhold only at their outside boards4. |
Diversity: For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company’s board. Mitigating factors include:
| ▪ | Until Feb. 1, 2021, a firm commitment, as stated in the proxy statement, to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; | |
| ▪ | The presence of a woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and a firm commitment to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; or | |
| ▪ | Other relevant factors as applicable. |
Responsiveness
Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:
| ▪ | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year or failed to act on a management proposal seeking to ratify an existing charter/bylaw provision that received opposition of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are: | ||
| ▪ | Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote; | ||
| ▪ | Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation; | ||
| ▪ | The subject matter of the proposal; | ||
| ▪ | The level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings; | ||
| ▪ | Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and its engagement with shareholders; | ||
| ▪ | The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and | ||
| ▪ | Other factors as appropriate. | ||
| ▪ | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered; | ||
4 Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (>50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.
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| ▪ | At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote. |
Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:
| ▪ | The company’s previous say-on-pay received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast. Factors that will be considered are: | |||
| ▪ | The company’s response, including: | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; | |||
| ▪ | Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders’ concerns; | |||
| ▪ | Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; | |||
| ▪ | Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; | |||
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |||
| ▪ | Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. | |||
| ▪ | The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast. | |||
Accountability
Problematic Takeover Defenses/Governance Structure
Poison Pills: Vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if:
| ▪ | The company has a poison pill that was not approved by shareholders5. However, vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial pill with a term of one year or less, depending on the disclosed rationale for the adoption, and other factors as relevant (such as a commitment to put any renewal to a shareholder vote). | |
| ▪ | The board makes a material adverse modification to an existing pill, including, but not limited to, extension, renewal, or lowering the trigger, without shareholder approval. |
Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.
Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board structure.
Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and
5 Public shareholders only, approval prior to a company’s becoming public is insufficient.
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five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:
| ▪ | A classified board structure; | |
| ▪ | A supermajority vote requirement; | |
| ▪ | Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections, or a majority vote standard in contested elections; | |
| ▪ | The inability of shareholders to call special meetings; | |
| ▪ | The inability of shareholders to act by written consent; | |
| ▪ | A multi-class capital structure; and/or | |
| ▪ | A non-shareholder-approved poison pill. |
Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures: Generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company’s bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders’ rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment of shareholders’ rights caused by the board’s unilateral amendment to the bylaws/charter; | |
| ▪ | The board’s track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s existing governance provisions; | |
| ▪ | The timing of the board’s amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development; and | |
| ▪ | Other factors, as deemed appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders. |
Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case-by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the directors:
| ▪ | Classified the board; | |
| ▪ | Adopted supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or | |
| ▪ | Eliminated shareholders’ ability to amend bylaws. |
Problematic Capital Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights without subjecting the multi-class capital structure to a reasonable time-based sunset. In assessing the reasonableness of a time-based sunset provision, consideration will be given to the company’s lifespan, its post-IPO ownership structure and the board’s disclosed rationale for the
6 Newly-public companies generally include companies that emerge from bankruptcy, spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.
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sunset period selected. No sunset period of more than seven years from the date of the IPO will be considered to be reasonable.
Continue to vote against or withhold from incumbent directors in subsequent years, unless the problematic capital structure is reversed or removed.
Problematic Governance Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company’s public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:
| ▪ | Supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; | |
| ▪ | A classified board structure; or | |
| ▪ | Other egregious provisions. |
A reasonable sunset provision will be considered a mitigating factor.
Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent years.
Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions: Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:
| ▪ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; | |
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for seeking ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the board’s ratification request; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment to shareholders’ rights caused by the existing provision; | |
| ▪ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company’s past meetings; | |
| ▪ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Restrictions on Shareholders’ Rights
Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals: Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:
| ▪ | The company’s governing documents impose undue restrictions on shareholders’ ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals or share ownership requirements, subject matter restrictions, or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis. |
Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders’ rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.
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Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the Audit Committee if:
| ▪ | The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive; | |
| ▪ | The company receives an adverse opinion on the company’s financial statements from its auditor; or | |
| ▪ | There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm. |
Vote case-by-case on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence, and duration, as well as the company’s efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether withhold/against votes are warranted. |
Problematic Compensation Practices
In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); | |
| ▪ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; or | |
| ▪ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other committee members, or potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | The company fails to include a Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions, or under the company’s declared frequency of say on pay; or | |
| ▪ | The company fails to include a Frequency of Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions. |
Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e. two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.
Problematic Pledging of Company Stock:
Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:
| ▪ | The presence of an anti-pledging policy, disclosed in the proxy statement, that prohibits future pledging activity; | |
| ▪ | The magnitude of aggregate pledged shares in terms of total common shares outstanding, market value, and trading volume; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of progress or lack thereof in reducing the magnitude of aggregate pledged shares over time; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement that shares subject to stock ownership and holding requirements do not include pledged company stock; and | |
| ▪ | Any other relevant factors. |
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Governance Failures
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
| ▪ | Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight7, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company; | |
| ▪ | Failure to replace management as appropriate; or | |
| ▪ | Egregious actions related to a director’s service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
Vote-No Campaigns
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General Recommendation: In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public “vote-no” campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information. |
Proxy Contests/Proxy Access — Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors: |
| ▪ | Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry; | |
| ▪ | Management’s track record; | |
| ▪ | Background to the contested election; | |
| ▪ | Nominee qualifications and any compensatory arrangements; | |
| ▪ | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of the critique against management; | |
| ▪ | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and | |
| ▪ | Stock ownership positions. |
In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).
Independent Board Chair
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following: |
| ▪ | The scope and rationale of the proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s current board leadership structure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s governance structure and practices; | |
| ▪ | Company performance; and | |
| ▪ | Any other relevant factors that may be applicable. |
The following factors will increase the likelihood of a “for” recommendation:
7 Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; significant adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.
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| ▪ | A majority non-independent board and/or the presence of non-independent directors on key board committees; | |
| ▪ | A weak or poorly-defined lead independent director role that fails to serve as an appropriate counterbalance to a combined CEO/chair role; | |
| ▪ | The presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO, a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair, and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair; | |
| ▪ | Evidence that the board has failed to oversee and address material risks facing the company; | |
| ▪ | A material governance failure, particularly if the board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns or if the board has materially diminished shareholder rights; or | |
| ▪ | Evidence that the board has failed to intervene when management’s interests are contrary to shareholders’ interests. |
Proxy Access
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals for proxy access with the following provisions: |
| ▪ | Ownership threshold: maximum requirement not more than three percent (3%) of the voting power; | |
| ▪ | Ownership duration: maximum requirement not longer than three (3) years of continuous ownership for each member of the nominating group; | |
| ▪ | Aggregation: minimal or no limits on the number of shareholders permitted to form a nominating group; | |
| ▪ | Cap: cap on nominees of generally twenty-five percent (25%) of the board. |
Review for reasonableness any other restrictions on the right of proxy access.
Generally vote against proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.
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Shareholder Rights & Defenses
Ratification Proposals: Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote against management proposals to ratify provisions of the company’s existing charter or bylaws, unless these governance provisions align with best practice. |
In addition, voting against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board may be warranted, considering:
| ▪ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; | |
| ▪ | The board’s rationale for seeking ratification; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the board’s ratification request; | |
| ▪ | The level of impairment to shareholders’ rights caused by the existing provision; | |
| ▪ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the company’s past meetings; | |
| ▪ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Capital/Restructuring
Common Stock Authorization
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General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support. |
Vote against proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote against proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.
Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance. Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
| ▪ | Past Board Performance: | ||
| ▪ | The company’s use of authorized shares during the last three years; | ||
| ▪ | The Current Request: | ||
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase; | ||
| ▪ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and | ||
| ▪ | The dilutive impact of the request as determined relative to an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company’s need for shares and total shareholder returns. | ||
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ISS will apply the relevant allowable increase below to requests to increase common stock that are for general corporate purposes (or to the general corporate purposes portion of a request that also includes a specific need):
| A. | Most companies: 100 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| B. | Companies with less than 50 percent of existing authorized shares either outstanding or reserved for issuance: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| C. | Companies with one- and three-year total shareholder returns (TSRs) in the bottom 10 percent of the U.S. market as of the end of the calendar quarter that is closest to their most recent fiscal year end: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. | |
| D. | Companies at which both conditions (B and C) above are both present: 25 percent of existing authorized shares. |
If there is an acquisition, private placement, or similar transaction on the ballot (not including equity incentive plans) that ISS is recommending FOR, the allowable increase will be the greater of (i) twice the amount needed to support the transactions on the ballot, and (ii) the allowable increase as calculated above.
Share Repurchase Programs
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General Recommendation: For U.S.-incorporated companies, and foreign-incorporated U.S. Domestic Issuers that are traded solely on U.S. exchanges, vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms, or to grant the board authority to conduct open-market repurchases, in the absence of company-specific concerns regarding: |
| ▪ | Greenmail, | |
| ▪ | The use of buybacks to inappropriately manipulate incentive compensation metrics, | |
| ▪ | Threats to the company’s long-term viability, or | |
| ▪ | Other company-specific factors as warranted. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals to repurchase shares directly from specified shareholders, balancing the stated rationale against the possibility for the repurchase authority to be misused, such as to repurchase shares from insiders at a premium to market price.
Share Repurchase Programs Shareholder Proposals
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General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Vote for the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks. |
| ▪ | Financial issues - company’s financial situation; degree of need for capital; use of proceeds; effect of the financing on the company’s cost of capital; | |
| ▪ | Management’s efforts to pursue other alternatives; | |
| ▪ | Control issues - change in management; change in control, guaranteed board and committee seats; standstill provisions; voting agreements; veto power over certain corporate actions; and | |
| ▪ | Conflict of interest - arm’s length transaction, managerial incentives. |
Vote for the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
Mergers and Acquisitions
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including: |
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| ▪ | Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale. | |
| ▪ | Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal. | |
| ▪ | Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions. | |
| ▪ | Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm’s-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation “wins” can also signify the deal makers’ competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value. | |
| ▪ | Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the “ISS Transaction Summary” section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists. | |
| ▪ | Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance. |
Compensation
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
| 1. | Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs; | |
| 2. | Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation; | |
| 3. | Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed); | |
| 4. | Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly; | |
| 5. | Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors is reasonable and does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices. |
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Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation—Management Proposals (Say-on-Pay)
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation. |
Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or “SOP”) if:
| ▪ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); | |
| ▪ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; | |
| ▪ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ▪ | There is no SOP on the ballot, and an against vote on an SOP would otherwise be warranted due to pay-for-performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof; | |
| ▪ | The board fails to respond adequately to a previous SOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast; | |
| ▪ | The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, such as option repricing or option backdating; or | |
| ▪ | The situation is egregious. |
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay-for-Performance Evaluation
ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices8, this analysis considers the following:
| 1. | Peer Group9 Alignment: | |
| ▪ | The degree of alignment between the company’s annualized TSR rank and the CEO’s annualized total pay rank within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. | |
| ▪ | The rankings of CEO total pay and company financial performance within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. | |
| ▪ | The multiple of the CEO’s total pay relative to the peer group median in the most recent fiscal year. | |
| 2. | Absolute Alignment10 – the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years – i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period. |
8 The Russell 3000E Index includes approximately 4,000 of the largest U.S. equity securities.
9 The revised peer group is generally comprised of 14-24 companies that are selected using market cap, revenue (or assets for certain financial firms), GICS industry group, and company’s selected peers’ GICS industry group, with size constraints, via a process designed to select peers that are comparable to the subject company in terms of revenue/assets and industry, and also within a market-cap bucket that is reflective of the company’s. For Oil, Gas & Consumable Fuels companies, market cap is the only size determinant.
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If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:
| ▪ | The ratio of performance- to time-based incentive awards; | |
| ▪ | The overall ratio of performance-based compensation to fixed or discretionary pay; | |
| ▪ | The rigor of performance goals; | |
| ▪ | The complexity and risks around pay program design; | |
| ▪ | The transparency and clarity of disclosure; | |
| ▪ | The company’s peer group benchmarking practices; | |
| ▪ | Financial/operational results, both absolute and relative to peers; | |
| ▪ | Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards); | |
| ▪ | Realizable pay11 compared to grant pay; and | |
| ▪ | Any other factors deemed relevant. |
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:
| ▪ | Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements; | |
| ▪ | Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking or present a windfall risk; and | |
| ▪ | Pay decisions that circumvent pay-for-performance, such as options backdating or waiving performance requirements. |
Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company’s overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
| ▪ | Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARs without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options); | |
| ▪ | Extraordinary perquisites or tax gross-ups; | |
| ▪ | New or materially amended agreements that provide for: |
| ▪ | Excessive termination or CIC severance payments (generally exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus); | |
| ▪ | CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties (“single” or “modified single” triggers) or in connection with a problematic Good Reason definition; | |
| ▪ | CIC excise tax gross-up entitlements (including “modified” gross-ups); |
10 Only Russell 3000 Index companies are subject to the Absolute Alignment analysis.
11 ISS research reports include realizable pay for S&P1500 companies.
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| ▪ | Multi-year guaranteed awards that are not at risk due to rigorous performance conditions; |
| ▪ | Liberal CIC definition combined with any single-trigger CIC benefits; | |
| ▪ | Insufficient executive compensation disclosure by externally-managed issuers (EMIs) such that a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to the EMI’s executives is not possible; | |
| ▪ | Any other provision or practice deemed to be egregious and present a significant risk to investors. |
Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:
| ▪ | Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or | |
| ▪ | Failure to adequately respond to the company’s previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account: |
| ▪ | Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; | |
| ▪ | Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders’ concerns; | |
| ▪ | Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; | |
| ▪ | Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; | |
| ▪ | The company’s ownership structure; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. |
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Please refer to ISS’ U.S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans12 depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an “Equity Plan Scorecard” (EPSC) approach with three pillars: |
| ▪ | Plan Cost: The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers, measured by the company’s estimated Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) in relation to peers and considering both: |
| ▪ | SVT based on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants, plus outstanding unvested/unexercised grants; and | |
| ▪ | SVT based only on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants. |
12 Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.
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| ▪ | Plan Features: |
| ▪ | Quality of disclosure around vesting upon a change in control (CIC); | |
| ▪ | Discretionary vesting authority; | |
| ▪ | Liberal share recycling on various award types; | |
| ▪ | Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan; | |
| ▪ | Dividends payable prior to award vesting. |
| ▪ | Grant Practices: |
| ▪ | The company’s three-year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers; | |
| ▪ | Vesting requirements in CEO’s recent equity grants (3-year look-back); | |
| ▪ | The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years); | |
| ▪ | The proportion of the CEO’s most recent equity grants/awards subject to performance conditions; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company maintains a sufficient claw-back policy; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company maintains sufficient post-exercise/vesting share-holding requirements. |
Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders’ interests, or if any of the following egregious factors (“overriding factors”) apply:
| ▪ | Awards may vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition; | |
| ▪ | The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it – for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies – or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing – for non-listed companies); | |
| ▪ | The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances; | |
| ▪ | The plan is excessively dilutive to shareholders’ holdings; | |
| ▪ | The plan contains an evergreen (automatic share replenishment) feature; or | |
| ▪ | Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests. |
Social and Environmental Issues
Global Approach
Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered: |
| ▪ | If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation; | |
| ▪ | If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal; | |
| ▪ | Whether the proposal’s request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive; | |
| ▪ | The company’s approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal; | |
| ▪ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s environmental or social practices; |
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| ▪ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and | |
| ▪ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage. |
Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering: |
| ▪ | Whether the company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; | |
| ▪ | The company’s level of disclosure compared to industry peers; and | |
| ▪ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s climate change-related performance. |
Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:
| ▪ | The company already discloses current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; | |
| ▪ | The company’s level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and | |
| ▪ | There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company’s GHG emissions. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:
| ▪ | Whether the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data; | |
| ▪ | Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers; | |
| ▪ | The company’s actual GHG emissions performance; | |
| ▪ | The company’s current GHG emission policies, oversight mechanisms, and related initiatives; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions. |
Board Diversity
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on a company’s efforts to diversify the board, unless: |
| ▪ | The gender and racial minority representation of the company’s board is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and | |
| ▪ | The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority initiatives on the board and within the company. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:
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| ▪ | The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the company’s board and among its executive officers; | |
| ▪ | The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the company’s industry peers; | |
| ▪ | The company’s established process for addressing gender and racial minority board representation; | |
| ▪ | Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating committee charter language; | |
| ▪ | The independence of the company’s nominating committee; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal employment practices. |
Gender, Race, or Ethnicity Pay Gap
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company’s pay data by gender, race, or ethnicity, or a report on a company’s policies and goals to reduce any gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap, taking into account: |
| ▪ | The company’s current policies and disclosure related to both its diversity and inclusion policies and practices and its compensation philosophy on fair and equitable compensation practices; | |
| ▪ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap issues; and | |
| ▪ | Whether the company’s reporting regarding gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap policies or initiatives is lagging its peers. |
Sustainability Reporting
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless: |
| ▪ | The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an environment, health, and safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive code of corporate conduct; and/or a diversity report; or | |
| ▪ | The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame. |
Lobbying
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering: |
| ▪ | The company’s current disclosure of relevant lobbying policies, and management and board oversight; | |
| ▪ | The company’s disclosure regarding trade associations or other groups that it supports, or is a member of, that engage in lobbying activities; and | |
| ▪ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding the company’s lobbying-related activities. |
Political Contributions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company’s political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities, considering: |
| ▪ | The company’s policies, and management and board oversight related to its direct political contributions and payments to trade associations or other groups that may be used for political purposes; | |
| ▪ | The company’s disclosure regarding its support of, and participation in, trade associations or other groups that may make political contributions; and | |
| ▪ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company’s political contributions or political activities. |
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Vote against proposals barring a company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote against proposals to publish in newspapers and other media a company’s political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.
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The Information has not been submitted to, nor received approval from, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission or any other regulatory body. None of the Information constitutes an offer to sell (or a solicitation of an offer to buy), or a promotion or recommendation of, any security, financial product or other investment vehicle or any trading strategy, and ISS does not endorse, approve, or otherwise express any opinion regarding any issuer, securities, financial products or instruments or trading strategies.
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STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
HSBC FUNDS
| Class A | Class I | |
| HSBC High Yield Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Yield Bond Fund) | HBYAX | HBYIX |
| HSBC Strategic Income Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Income Bond Fund) | HBIAX | HBIIX |
P.O. Box 219691
Kansas City, MO 64121-9691
General and Account Information - (800) 782-8183 (Toll Free)
| HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., Investment Adviser and Administrator of the Funds (“Adviser” or “Administrator”) |
Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., Sub-Administrator of the Funds (“Citi” or “Sub-Administrator”) |
| HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, Subadviser to HSBC Strategic Income Fund (“AMEU”) |
|
THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT A PROSPECTUS AND IS ONLY AUTHORIZED FOR DISTRIBUTION WHEN PRECEDED OR ACCOMPANIED BY THE PROSPECTUS FOR THE FUNDS DATED FEBRUARY 28, 2020 (the “Prospectus”). This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) contains additional and more detailed information than that set forth in the Prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus. The Prospectus and SAI may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) at the address and telephone number printed above.
References in this SAI to the “Prospectus” are to the Prospectus dated February 28, 2020 of the Trust by which shares of the funds listed above (each, a “Fund” and, collectively, the “Funds”) are being offered. Unless the context otherwise requires, terms defined in the Prospectus have the same meaning in this SAI as in the Prospectus.
Current audited financial statements for the Funds dated October 31, 2019 are hereby incorporated herein by reference from the Annual Reports of such Funds dated October 31, 2019, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Copies of these Annual Reports may be obtained without charge by writing or calling the Trust at the address and telephone number printed above.
February 28, 2020
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| Page | |
| GENERAL INFORMATION | 1 |
| The Funds | 1 |
| INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS | 1 |
| INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS | 2 |
| Asset-Backed Securities | 2 |
| Banking Industry and Savings and Loan Industry Obligations | 2 |
| Brady Bonds | 3 |
| Cash Sweep Program | 3 |
| Convertible Securities | 4 |
| Cyber Security Risk | 5 |
| Derivatives | 5 |
| Emerging Markets | 16 |
| Eurodollar and Yankee Bank Obligations | 21 |
| Exchange Traded Funds | 21 |
| Exchange Traded Notes | 22 |
| Fixed Income Instruments | 22 |
| Floating and Variable Rate Obligations | 23 |
| Foreign Currency Exchange-Related Securities | 24 |
| Foreign Securities | 25 |
| Global Financial Markets | 30 |
| High Yield/High Risk Securities | 30 |
| Illiquid Investments, Rule 144A Securities, and Section 4(a)(2) Securities | 31 |
| Inverse Floating Rate Obligations | 32 |
| Investment Company Securities | 32 |
| Loan Participations and Assignments | 33 |
| Money Market Instruments | 35 |
| Mortgage Dollar Roll Transactions | 35 |
| Mortgage-Related Securities | 35 |
| Operational Risk | 42 |
| Participation Notes, Participatory, Unitary and Other Structured Notes | 42 |
| Repurchase Agreements | 43 |
| Risks of Qualified Financial Contracts | 43 |
| Short Sales | 43 |
| Short-Term Trading | 44 |
| Sukuk | 44 |
| U.S. Government Securities | 45 |
| Warrants | 45 |
| When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities | 46 |
| Zero Coupon Obligations | 47 |
| PORTFOLIO TURNOVER | 47 |
| PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS | 47 |
| DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 50 |
ii
| INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS | 52 |
| PERCENTAGE AND RATING RESTRICTIONS | 53 |
| MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST | 53 |
| Board of Trustees | 53 |
| Board Composition and Leadership Structure | 53 |
| Board’s Role in Risk Oversight of the Trust | 54 |
| Qualifications of the Trustees | 55 |
| Committees | 58 |
| Fund Ownership | 59 |
| Trustee and Officer Compensation | 60 |
| Proxy Voting | 60 |
| INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES | 61 |
| Investment Adviser | 61 |
| Subadviser | 62 |
| Portfolio Managers | 63 |
| The Distributor | 66 |
| Payments to Financial Intermediaries | 66 |
| Shareholder Services Plan and Shareholder Servicing Agents | 68 |
| Administrator and Sub-Administrator | 69 |
| Transfer Agent | 70 |
| Custodian | 70 |
| Fund Accounting Agent | 70 |
| Federal Banking Law | 71 |
| Expenses | 71 |
| DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | 71 |
| PURCHASE OF SHARES | 75 |
| Exchange Privilege | 76 |
| In-Kind Purchases | 76 |
| Automatic Investment Plan | 77 |
| Purchases Through a Shareholder Servicing Agent or a Securities Broker | 77 |
| SALES CHARGES | 77 |
| Class A Shares | 77 |
| Sales Charge Waivers | 78 |
| Concurrent Purchases | 78 |
| Letter of Intent | 78 |
| Right of Accumulation | 79 |
| REDEMPTION OF SHARES | 79 |
| Systematic Withdrawal Plan | 80 |
| Redemption of Shares Purchased Directly Through the Funds | 80 |
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| RETIREMENT PLANS | 81 |
| Individual Retirement Accounts (“IRAs”) | 81 |
| Defined Contribution Plans | 81 |
| Section 457 Plan, 401(k) Plan, 403(b) Plan | 81 |
| DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS | 82 |
| DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES | 82 |
| OWNERSHIP OF THE FUNDS | 83 |
| TAXATION | 84 |
| Tax Status of the Funds | 84 |
| Distributions in General | 86 |
| Sale, Exchange, or Redemption of Shares | 87 |
| Backup Withholding | 87 |
| Other Taxation | 88 |
| Foreign Shareholders | 88 |
| Fund Investments | 88 |
| Foreign Tax Issues | 90 |
| OTHER INFORMATION | 91 |
| Capitalization | 91 |
| Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 92 |
| Counsel | 92 |
| Code of Ethics | 92 |
| Registration Statement | 92 |
| Financial Statements | 93 |
| Shareholder Inquiries | 93 |
| APPENDIX A: DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS | A-1 |
| APPENDIX B: ISS PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES | B-1 |
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GENERAL INFORMATION
THE FUNDS
The HSBC High Yield Fund (“High Yield Fund”) and HSBC Strategic Income Fund (“Strategic Income Fund”), are separate series of the Trust, an open-end, management investment company that currently consists of multiple series, each of which has its own distinct investment objectives and policies. Each Fund is described in this SAI. The Trust also includes certain equity and money market funds (“Money Market Funds”) that are covered in separate SAIs.
Shares of the Funds are divided into two separate classes: Class A Shares (the “Class A Shares”) and Class I Shares (the “Class I Shares”). Shares of the Funds are continuously offered by the Distributor (as defined below). Certain share classes are subject to investment minimums. See the Prospectus and “Purchase of Shares” and “Sales Charges” in this SAI. See “Description Of Shares, Voting Rights, and Liabilities – The Trust,” and “Other Information – Capitalization” in this SAI for more information about the Trust.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
The following information supplements the discussion of the investment objective, policies, and risks of each Fund in the Prospectus. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of a Fund will be achieved. Except as otherwise indicated, the investment objective and related policies and strategies of a Fund are not fundamental and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) without the approval of Fund shareholders. Shareholders will be given advance notice of material changes to a Fund’s investment objective or other non-fundamental investment policies. If there is a change, shareholders should consider whether a Fund remains an appropriate investment in light of their then-current financial position and needs.
Each Fund intends to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). In order to so qualify, under current law, at the close of each quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the Fund’s total assets must be represented by cash, U.S. Government securities, investment company securities and other securities limited in respect of any one issuer to not more than 5% in value of the total assets of the Fund and not more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer. In addition at the close of each quarter of its taxable year, not more than 25% of a Fund’s total assets may be invested in securities of one issuer (or two or more issuers which are controlled by the Fund and which are determined to be engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related businesses) other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies, or in the securities of one or more “qualified publicly traded partnerships.”
Each Fund may borrow money for temporary or defensive purposes or for liquidity purposes to meet redemptions and other expenses.
The Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”) under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a CPO under the CEA. The Adviser is not deemed to be a CPO with respect to its service as investment adviser to the Funds. To the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, is no longer eligible to claim an exclusion from Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) regulation, the Funds may consider steps in order to continue to qualify for this exclusion, or may determine to operate subject to CFTC regulation. If a Fund operates subject to CFTC regulation, it may incur additional compliance and other expenses.
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INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
Each Fund invests in a variety of securities in accordance with its investment objectives and policies (as described in the Prospectus) and employs a number of investment techniques. Each type of security and technique involves certain risks. The following is an alphabetical list of the investment techniques used by the Funds and the main risks associated with those techniques.
References to the Adviser should be understood as referring jointly to the Adviser and the relevant Subadviser.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in asset-backed securities. Through the use of trusts and special purpose subsidiaries, various types of assets, including auto loans, credit card receivables, home equity loans, and student loans, are being securitized in pass-through structures similar to the mortgage pass-through structures described below, or in a pass-through structure similar to the collateralized mortgage structure.
Asset-backed securities are often subject to more rapid repayment than their stated maturity date would indicate as a result of the pass-through of prepayments of principal on the underlying loans. During periods of declining interest rates, prepayment of loans underlying asset-backed securities can be expected to accelerate. Accordingly, a Fund’s ability to maintain positions in such securities will be affected by reductions in the principal amount of such securities resulting from prepayments, and its ability to reinvest the returns of principal at comparable yields is subject to generally prevailing interest rates at that time. To the extent that a Fund invests in asset-backed securities, the values of the Fund’s portfolio securities will vary with changes in market interest rates generally and the differentials in yields among various kinds of asset-backed securities.
Asset-backed securities present certain additional risks because asset-backed securities generally do not have the benefit of a security interest in collateral that is comparable to mortgage assets. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors on such receivables are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set-off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Automobile receivables generally are secured, but by automobiles rather than residential real property. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the loan servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the asset-backed securities. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have a proper security interest in the underlying automobiles. Therefore, if the issuer of an asset-backed security defaults on its payment obligations, there is the possibility that, in some cases, a Fund will be unable to possess and sell the underlying collateral and that the Fund’s recoveries on repossessed collateral may not be available to support payments on these securities. The risks associated with asset-backed securities are often reduced by the addition of credit enhancements such as a letter of credit from a bank, excess collateral or a third-party guarantee. However, the Funds are subject to the credit risk of the person or entities providing the credit enhancements.
BANKING INDUSTRY AND SAVINGS AND LOAN INDUSTRY OBLIGATIONS
As a temporary or defensive measure, the Funds may invest in certificates of deposit, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, and other short-term debt obligations issued by commercial banks and savings and loan associations (“S&Ls”).
Certificates of deposit are receipts from a bank or S&L for funds deposited for a specified period of time at a specified rate of return. Time deposits in banks or S&Ls are generally similar to certificates of deposit but are uncertificated. Bankers’ acceptances are time drafts drawn on commercial banks by borrowers, usually in connection with international commercial transactions. Time deposits maturing in more than seven days and subject to withdrawal penalties will be subject to each Fund’s restriction on investments in illiquid investments.
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The Funds will not invest in any obligation of a commercial bank unless (i) the bank has total assets of at least $1 billion, or the equivalent in other currencies, or, in the case of domestic banks that do not have total assets of at least $1 billion, the aggregate investment made in any one such bank is limited to $250,000 and the principal amount of such investment is insured in full by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”); (ii) in the case of U.S. banks, it is a member of the FDIC; and (iii) in the case of foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks, the security is deemed by the Adviser to be of an investment quality comparable with other debt securities that may be purchased by the Funds.
The Funds may also invest in obligations of U.S. banks, foreign branches of U.S. banks (Eurodollars) and U.S. branches of foreign banks (Yankee dollars) as a temporary defensive measure. Euro and Yankee dollar investments will involve some of the same risks as investing in foreign securities, as described below.
BRADY BONDS
The Funds may invest a portion of their assets in Brady Bonds, which are securities created through the exchange of existing commercial bank loans to sovereign entities for new obligations in connection with debt restructurings. Brady Bonds are not considered U.S. Government securities.
Brady Bonds may be collateralized or uncollateralized and are issued in various currencies (primarily the U.S. dollar). U.S. dollar-denominated, collateralized Brady Bonds, which may be fixed rate par bonds or floating rate discount bonds, are generally collateralized in full as to principal by U.S. Treasury zero coupon bonds having the same maturity as the Brady Bonds. Interest payments on these Brady Bonds generally are collateralized on a one-year or longer rolling-forward basis by cash or securities in an amount that, in the case of fixed rate bonds, is equal to at least one year of interest payments or, in the case of floating rate bonds, initially is equal to at least one year’s interest payments based on the applicable interest rate at that time and is adjusted at regular intervals thereafter. Certain Brady Bonds are entitled to “value recovery payments” in certain circumstances, which in effect constitute supplemental interest payments but generally are not collateralized. Brady Bonds are often viewed as having three or four valuation components: (i) the collateralized repayment of principal at final maturity; (ii) the collateralized interest payments; (iii) the uncollateralized interest payments; and (iv) any uncollateralized repayment of principal at maturity (these uncollateralized amounts constitute the “residual risk”).
Brady Bonds involve various risk factors, including the history of defaults with respect to commercial bank loans by public and private entities of countries issuing Brady Bonds. Investments in Brady Bonds are to be viewed as speculative. There can be no assurance that Brady Bonds in which a Fund may invest will not be subject to restructuring arrangements or to requests for new credit, which may cause a Fund to suffer a loss of interest or principal on any of its holdings.
CASH SWEEP PROGRAM
Each Fund may participate in a cash sweep program (the “Cash Sweep Program”). In the Cash Sweep Program, a Fund’s uninvested cash balances are used to purchase Class I Shares of the HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund (the “Government Money Market Fund”). The Cash Sweep Program can reduce exposure to the risk of counterparty default on repurchase agreements and the market risk associated with direct purchases of short-term obligations, while providing ready liquidity and increased diversity of holdings. Class I Shares of the Government Money Market Fund sold to and redeemed from a Fund will not be subject to a sales charge, as defined in rule 2341(b)(8) of the Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), or service fee, as defined in rule 2341(b)(9) of the Conduct Rules of FINRA, in connection with the purchase, sale, or redemption of such shares by a Fund, or the advisory fee for the investing Fund will be waived in an amount that offsets the amount of such sales charges and/or service fees incurred by that Fund. More detailed information about the Government Money Market Fund and money market funds in general may be found in the current Prospectus and the separate SAI that includes the various HSBC Money Market Funds and under “MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS” in this section.
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CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in securities that are convertible into common stock. Convertible bonds are issued with lower coupons than non-convertible bonds of the same quality and maturity, but they give holders the option to exchange their bonds for a specific number of shares of the company’s common stock at a predetermined price. This structure allows the convertible bond holder to participate in share price movements in the company’s common stock. The actual return on a convertible bond may exceed its stated yield if the company’s common stock appreciates in value, and the option to convert to common shares becomes more valuable. Because of the conversion feature, the price of the convertible security will normally fluctuate in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying asset, and as such is subject to risks relating to the activities of the issuer and/or general market and economic conditions. The income component of a convertible security may tend to cushion the security against declines in the price of the underlying asset. However, the income component of convertible securities causes fluctuations based upon changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer.
Convertible preferred stocks are non-voting equity securities that pay a fixed dividend. These securities have a convertible feature similar to convertible bonds; however, they do not have a maturity date. Due to their fixed income features, convertible issues typically are more sensitive to interest rate changes than the underlying common stock. In the event of liquidation, bondholders would have claims on company assets senior to those of stockholders; preferred stockholders would have claims senior to those of common stockholders.
A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a predetermined price. If a convertible security held by a Fund is called for redemption, the Fund would be required to permit the issuer to redeem the security and convert it to underlying common stock, or would sell the convertible security to a third party, which may have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective.
Contingent convertible bonds (“CoCo bonds”) are hybrid bonds typically issued by banks. When the issuer’s capital ratio falls below a specified trigger level, or in a regulator’s discretion depending on the regulator’s judgment about the issuer’s solvency prospects, a CoCo bond may be written down, written off or converted into an equity security. Due to the contingent write-down, write-off and conversion feature, CoCo bonds may have substantially greater risk than other securities in times of financial stress. If the trigger level is breached, the issuer’s decision to write down, write off or convert a CoCo bond may be outside a Fund’s control. Any such action could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s returns, and the Fund may suffer a complete loss on an investment in CoCo bonds with no chance of recovery even if the issuer remains in existence.
In addition, coupon payments on CoCo bonds are discretionary and may be cancelled by the issuer at any point, for any reason, and for any length of time. The discretionary cancellation of payments is not an event of default and there are no remedies to require re-instatement of coupon payments or payment of any past missed payments. Coupon payments may also be subject to approval by the issuer’s regulator and may be suspended in the event there are insufficient distributable reserves. Due to uncertainty surrounding coupon payments, CoCo bonds may be volatile and their price may decline rapidly in the event that coupon payments are suspended.
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CoCo bonds typically are structurally subordinated to traditional convertible bonds in the issuer’s capital structure. In certain scenarios, investors in CoCo bonds may suffer a loss of capital ahead of equity holders or when equity holders do not. CoCo bonds are perpetual instruments and may only be callable at predetermined dates upon approval of the applicable regulatory authority. There is no guarantee that a Fund will receive return of principal on CoCo bonds. Moreover, CoCo bonds are a newer form of instrument and the regulatory environment for these instruments continues to evolve. Because the market for CoCo bonds is evolving, it is uncertain how the larger market for contingent convertible securities would react to an issuer’s capital ratio falling below a specific trigger level or a coupon suspension applicable to a single issuer.
CYBER SECURITY RISK
The Funds face greater risks of cyber security breaches because of the broad use of technology such as computer systems and the internet that has developed in the course of business. In general, cyber-attacks result from deliberate attacks but other events may have effects similar to those caused by cyber-attacks. Cyber-attacks include, among others, stealing, destroying or corrupting data that is maintained online or digitally, denial-of-service attacks on websites, and the unauthorized release of confidential information. Cyber-attacks affecting a Fund or its investment adviser, subadviser, custodian, transfer agent, intermediary or other third-party service provider may adversely impact the Fund. These cyber-attacks have the ability to cause disruptions and impact business operations, to result in financial losses, to prevent shareholders from transacting business, and to lead to violations of applicable privacy and other laws, regulatory fines, penalties, reputational damage, reimbursement or other compensation costs, and/or additional compliance costs. Similar to operational risk in general, the Funds and their investment adviser have instituted risk management systems designed to minimize the risks associated with cyber security. However, it is not certain that these systems will succeed, especially because the Funds do not directly control the cyber security systems of the service providers to the Funds, their trading counterparties, or the issuers in which a Fund may invest. Moreover, there is a risk that the cyber-attacks will not be detected.
DERIVATIVES
The Funds may use various instruments that are commonly known as derivatives. Generally, a derivative is a financial instrument the value of which is based on, or “derived” from, a security, asset, or market index. Some derivatives are in many respects like any other investment, although they may be more volatile or less liquid than more traditional debt securities. There are many different types of derivatives and many different ways to use them. There is a range of risks associated with the use of derivatives, including the possibility of a total loss of the amount invested.
The Funds may use derivatives for hedging purposes or cash management purposes, as a substitute for investing directly in securities, or as part of a strategy to gain exposure to characteristics of investments in different markets through efficient portfolio management techniques for the purpose of attempting to enhance its return.
Derivatives are commonly used for traditional hedging purposes to attempt to protect a Fund from exposure to changing interest rates, securities prices, or currency exchange rates.
Derivatives are also commonly used for cash management purposes as a low-cost method of gaining exposure to a particular securities market without investing directly in those securities. A Fund may also use derivatives to seek to enhance return when the Adviser believes the investment will assist the Fund in achieving its investment objectives. For example, a Fund may also use derivatives to create synthetic foreign positions when direct investments may not be available or permissible.
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Forward Foreign Currency Contracts and Options on Foreign Currencies. The Funds may enter into forward foreign currency contracts and options on foreign currencies (“forward contracts”).
A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency for an agreed price at a future date that is individually negotiated and privately traded over-the-counter by currency traders and their customers. Forward contracts are generally intended to minimize the risk of loss to a Fund from adverse changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. A forward contract may be used, for example, when a Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency in order to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. Transactions in forward contracts entered into for hedging purposes will include forward purchases or sales of foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting the U.S. dollar value of securities denominated in a foreign currency or protecting the U.S. dollar equivalent of interest or dividends to be paid on such securities. Each Fund may also purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting against declines in the U.S. dollar value of foreign portfolio securities and against increases in the U.S. dollar cost of foreign securities to be acquired or to generate additional income.
The Funds may each also combine forward contracts with investments in securities denominated in other currencies in order to achieve desired credit and currency exposures. Such combinations are generally referred to as synthetic securities. For example, in lieu of purchasing a foreign bond, a Fund may purchase a U.S. dollar-denominated security and at the same time enter into a forward contract to exchange U.S. dollars for the contract’s underlying currency at a future date. By matching the amount of U.S. dollars to be exchanged with the anticipated value of the U.S. dollar-denominated security, a Fund may be able to lock in the foreign currency value of the security and adopt a synthetic investment position reflecting the credit quality of the U.S. dollar-denominated security.
There is a risk in adopting a synthetic investment position to the extent that the value of a security denominated in U.S. dollars or other foreign currency is not exactly matched with the Fund’s obligation under the forward contract. On the date of maturity, a Fund may be exposed to some risk of loss from fluctuations in that currency.
By entering into transactions in forward contracts, a Fund may be required to forego the benefits of advantageous changes in exchange rates and, in the case of forward contracts entered into for non-hedging purposes, the Fund may sustain losses that will reduce its gross income. The use of non-exchange traded contracts involves certain risks beyond those associated with transactions in futures contracts or options traded on exchanges. A Fund may enter into transactions in forward contracts for purposes other than hedging, which presents greater profit potential but also involves increased risk of losses that will reduce its gross income. If the expected changes in the value of the currency occur, the Fund will realize profits that will increase its gross income. Where exchange rates do not move in the direction or to the extent anticipated, however, a Fund may sustain losses that will reduce its gross income. Such transactions, therefore, could be considered speculative.
Futures Contracts. The Funds may buy and sell futures contracts and options on futures contracts that relate to (1) broadly-based stock indices (these are referred to as “stock index futures”), (2) an individual stock (“single stock futures”), (3) other broadly-based securities indices (these are referred to as “financial futures”), and (4) foreign currencies. A broadly-based stock index is used as the basis for trading stock index futures. They may, in some cases, be based on stocks of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries. A stock index assigns relative values to the common stocks included in the index and its value fluctuates in response to the changes in value of the underlying stocks. A stock index cannot be purchased or sold directly. Financial futures are similar contracts based on the future value of the basket of securities that comprise the index.
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A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the securities or to make or accept the cash settlement called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the securities or to make or accept the cash settlement called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date.
A Fund may enter into transactions in futures contracts to hedge all or a portion of the Fund’s portfolio. One type of hedging for which a Fund may use futures contracts would be, among other things, to protect itself from fluctuations in interest rates but without the risks and transaction costs of buying or selling long-term debt securities. For example, if a Fund owns long-term bonds, and interest rates were expected to increase, the Fund might enter into futures contracts for the sale of debt securities. Such a sale would have much the same effect as selling an equivalent value of the long-term bonds owned by a Fund. If interest rates did increase, the value of the debt securities in the portfolio would decline, but the value of a Fund’s futures contracts would increase at approximately the same rate, thereby keeping the net asset value (“NAV”) of the Fund from declining as much as it otherwise would have due to the change in interest rates. If a decline in interest rates is anticipated, which would increase the cost of fixed income securities that the Fund intends to acquire, the Fund may purchase futures contracts on debt securities. Since the fluctuations in the value of futures contracts should be similar to that of the relevant bonds, a Fund may be protected, in whole or in part, against the increased cost of acquiring bonds resulting from a decline in interest rates. In the event that the projected decline in interest rates occurs, the increased cost to the Fund of the securities acquired should be offset, in whole or in part, by gains on the futures contracts. As portfolio securities are purchased, the Fund will generally close out its futures contracts by entering into offsetting transactions on the contract market on which the initial purchase was effected. Similar results could be accomplished by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase. However, since the futures market can be more liquid than the cash market, the use of futures contracts as an investment technique allows action in anticipation of such an interest rate decline without having to sell a Fund’s portfolio securities.
The ability to hedge effectively all or a portion of a Fund’s portfolio through transactions in futures contracts depends on the degree to which movements in the value of the securities or index underlying such contracts correlate with movements in the value of securities held in the Fund’s portfolio. If the securities (or the securities comprising the index) underlying a futures contract are different than the portfolio securities being hedged, they may not move to the same extent or in the same direction. In that event, the hedging strategy might not be successful and a Fund could sustain losses on the hedging transactions that would not be offset by gains on its portfolio. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the index or security underlying a futures contract and the portfolio securities being hedged, which could result in losses on both the hedging transaction and the portfolio securities. In such instances, a Fund’s overall return could be less than if the hedging transactions had not been undertaken.
Most stock index futures and financial futures obligate the seller to deliver, and the purchaser to take, cash to settle the futures transaction, and there is no delivery made of the underlying securities to settle the futures obligation. While futures contracts based on debt securities generally provide for the delivery and acceptance of securities, such deliveries and acceptances are very seldom made. Either party may also settle a futures transaction by entering into an offsetting contract and a futures contract generally is terminated by entering into an offsetting transaction.
A Fund will incur brokerage fees when it purchases and sells futures contracts. In addition, at the time a fund enters a futures transaction, cash or securities must be provided as an initial deposit known as “initial margin.” The initial deposit required will vary. Daily thereafter, the futures contract is valued through a process known as “marking to market,” and a Fund may receive or be required to pay “variation margin” settlement payments as the futures contract becomes more or less valuable. At the time of delivery of securities pursuant to such a contract, if applicable, adjustments are made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of securities with a different interest rate than the specific security that provides the standard for the contract.
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The ordinary spreads between prices in the cash and futures markets, due to differences in the nature of those markets, are subject to distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. This could require a Fund to post additional cash as initial margin or make additional variation margin payments as the value of the position fluctuates. Further, rather than meeting additional initial and variation margin requirements, investors may close out futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, there is the potential that the liquidity of the futures market may be lacking. Prior to expiration, a futures contract may be terminated only by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction, which requires a liquid market for the futures contract. While a Fund will establish a futures position only if it appears that a liquid market for the futures contract exists, there can be no assurance that such a market will exist for any particular futures contract at any specific time. If no liquid market exists for a futures contract, it will not be possible to close out a position in such contract held for a Fund, which could require the Fund to purchase or sell the instrument underlying the futures contract, make or receive a cash settlement, or meet ongoing initial and variation margin requirements. The inability to close out futures positions also could have an adverse impact on a Fund’s ability to effectively hedge its portfolio. Also, in some (but not many) cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was entered into.
The liquidity of a market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by the exchanges, which limit the amount of fluctuation in the price of a futures contract during a single trading day and prohibit trading beyond such limits once they have been reached. The trading of futures contracts also is subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, position limits, insolvency of the brokerage firm or clearing house or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.
Investments in futures contracts also entail the risk that if the Adviser’s investment judgment about the general direction of, among other things, interest rates and prices is incorrect, a Fund’s overall performance may be poorer than if the Fund had not entered into any such contract. For example, if a Fund has been hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates which would adversely affect the price of bonds held in the Fund’s portfolio and interest rates decrease instead, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of its bonds which are hedged because there will be offsetting losses in the Fund’s futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if a Fund has insufficient cash, bonds may have to be sold from the Fund’s portfolio to meet daily variation margin requirements, possibly at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so. Such sale of bonds may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices that reflect the rising market.
Each contract market on which futures contracts are traded has established a number of limitations governing the maximum number of positions that may be held by a trader, whether acting alone or in concert with others. Such limits may cause a Fund not to be able to enter as many futures contracts as it otherwise would enter to meet its investment goals.
Hybrid Instruments. A hybrid instrument is a type of potentially high-risk derivative that combines a traditional stock, bond, or commodity with an option or forward contract. Generally, the principal amount, amount payable upon maturity or redemption, or interest rate of a hybrid is tied (positively or negatively) to the price of some commodity, currency or securities index or another interest rate or some other economic factor (each a “benchmark”). The interest rate or (unlike most fixed income securities) the principal amount payable at maturity of a hybrid security may be increased or decreased, depending on changes in the value of the benchmark. An example of a hybrid could be a bond issued by an oil company that pays a small base level of interest with additional interest that accrues to the extent to which oil prices exceed a certain predetermined level. Such a hybrid instrument would be a combination of a bond and a call option on oil.
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Hybrids can be used as an efficient means of pursuing a variety of investment goals, including currency hedging, duration management, and increased total return. Hybrids may not bear interest or pay dividends. The value of a hybrid or its interest rate may be a multiple of a benchmark and, as a result, may be leveraged and move (up or down) more steeply and rapidly than the benchmark. These benchmarks may be sensitive to economic and political events, such as commodity shortages and currency devaluations, which cannot be readily foreseen by the purchaser of a hybrid. Under certain conditions, the redemption value of a hybrid could be zero. Thus, an investment in a hybrid may entail significant market risks that are not associated with a similar investment in a traditional, U.S. dollar-denominated bond that has a fixed principal amount and pays a fixed rate or floating rate of interest. The purchase of hybrids also exposes the Funds to the credit risk of the issuer of the hybrids. These risks may cause significant fluctuations in the NAV of the Funds.
Certain hybrid instruments may provide exposure to the commodities markets. These are derivative securities with one or more commodity-linked components that have payment features similar to commodity futures contracts, commodity options, or similar instruments. Commodity-linked hybrid instruments may be either equity or debt securities, leveraged or unleveraged, and are considered hybrid instruments because they have both security and commodity-like characteristics. A portion of the value of these instruments may be derived from the value of a commodity, futures contract, index or other economic variable.
Certain issuers of structured products such as hybrid instruments may be deemed to be investment companies as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Funds’ investments in these products may be subject to limits applicable to investments in investment companies and may be subject to restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
Options on Securities. A “call option” is a contract sold for a price (the “premium”) giving its holder the right to buy a specific number of shares of stock at a specific price on or prior to a specified date. A “put option” is a similar contract that gives its holder, in return for a premium, the right to sell a specific number of shares of the underlying security at a specified price on or prior to a specified date.
A Fund may write options for the purpose of attempting to increase its return and for hedging purposes. In particular, if a Fund writes an option which expires unexercised or is closed out by a Fund at a profit, the Fund retains the premium paid for the option less related transaction costs, which increases its gross income and offsets in part the reduced value of the portfolio security in connection with which the option is written, or the increased cost of portfolio securities to be acquired. However, if the price of the security underlying the option moves adversely to a Fund’s position, the option may be exercised and the Fund will then be required to purchase or sell the security at a disadvantageous price, which might only partially be offset by the amount of the premium.
A “covered call option” is a call option issued on securities already owned by the writer of the call option for delivery to the holder upon the exercise of the option. A Fund may write call options in connection with buy-and-write transactions; that is, a Fund may purchase a security and then write a call option against that security. The exercise price of the call option a Fund determines to write depends upon the expected price movement of the underlying security. The exercise price of a call option may be below (“in-the-money”), equal to (“at-the-money”) or above (“out-of-the-money”) the current value of the underlying security at the time the option is written.
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A Fund may also write combinations of put and call options on the same security, a practice known as a “straddle.” By writing a straddle, a Fund undertakes a simultaneous obligation to sell or purchase the same security in the event that one of the options is exercised. If the price of the security subsequently rises sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the amount of the premium and transaction costs, the call will likely be exercised and a Fund will be required to sell the underlying security at a below market price. This loss may be offset, however, in whole or in part, by the premiums received on the writing of the two options. Conversely, if the price of the security declines by a sufficient amount, the put will likely be exercised and the Fund will be required to purchase the underlying security at an above market price. The writing of straddles will likely be effective, therefore, only where the price of a security remains stable and neither the call nor the put is exercised. In an instance where one of the options is exercised, the loss on the purchase or sale of the underlying security may exceed the amount of the premiums received.
A Fund may also purchase put and call options. Put options are purchased to hedge against a decline in the value of securities held in a Fund’s portfolio. If such a decline occurs, the put options will permit a Fund to sell the securities underlying such options at the exercise price, or to close out the options at a profit. A Fund will purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities that the Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such an increase occurs, the call option will permit a Fund to purchase the securities underlying such option at the exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. The premium paid for a call or put option plus any transaction costs will reduce the benefit, if any, realized by a Fund upon exercise of the option, and, unless the price of the underlying security rises or declines sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Fund. In addition, in the event that the price of the security in connection with which an option was purchased moves in a direction favorable to a Fund, the benefits realized by the Fund as a result of such favorable movement will be reduced by the amount of the premium paid for the option and related transaction costs.
Options on Securities Indices. A Fund will receive a premium from writing a put or call option on a securities index, which increases the Fund’s gross income in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. If the value of an index on which a Fund has written a call option falls or remains the same, the Fund will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction costs) that could offset all or a portion of any decline in the value of the securities it owns. If the value of the index rises, however, a Fund will realize a loss in its call option position, which will reduce the benefit of any unrealized appreciation in the Fund’s investment. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk of a decline in the index. If the value of an index on which a Fund has written a put option rises or remains the same, the Fund will realize a profit in the form of the premium received (less transaction costs). If the value of the index falls, a Fund will realize a loss in its put option position. To the extent that the price changes of securities owned by a Fund correlate with changes in the value of the index, writing put options on indices will increase the Fund’s losses in the event of a market decline, although such losses will be offset in part by the premium received for writing the option.
A Fund may also purchase put options on securities indices to hedge its investments against a decline in value. By purchasing a put option on a stock index, a Fund will seek to offset a decline in the value of securities it owns through appreciation of the put option. If the value of a Fund’s investments does not decline as anticipated, or if the value of the option does not increase, the Fund’s loss will be limited to the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. The success of this strategy will largely depend on the accuracy of the correlation between the changes in value of the index and the changes in value of a Fund’s security holdings.
The purchase of call options on securities indices may be used by a Fund to attempt to reduce the risk of missing a broad market advance, or an advance in an industry or market segment, at a time when the Fund holds uninvested cash or short-term debt securities awaiting investment. When purchasing call options for this purpose, a Fund will also bear the risk of losing all or a portion of the premium paid if the value of the index does not rise. The purchase of call options on securities indices when a Fund is substantially fully invested is a form of leverage, up to the amount of the premium and related transaction costs, and involves risks of loss and of increased volatility similar to those involved in purchasing calls on securities the Fund owns.
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Swaps, Options on Swaps, Caps, Floors and Collars. The Funds may enter into swap contracts and other similar instruments in accordance with their investment objectives and policies. A swap is an agreement to exchange the return generated by one instrument for the return generated by another instrument. The payment streams are calculated by reference to a specified index and agreed upon notional amount. The term “specified index” includes currencies, fixed interest rates, prices and total return on interest rate indices, fixed income indices, stock indices and commodity indices (as well as amounts derived from arithmetic operations on these indices). For example, a Fund may agree to swap the return generated by a fixed income index for the return generated by a second fixed income index. The currency swaps in which a Fund may enter will generally involve an agreement to pay interest streams calculated by reference to interest income linked to a specified index in one currency in exchange for a specified index in another currency. Such swaps may involve initial and final exchanges that correspond to the agreed upon notional amount.
The swaps in which a Fund may engage also include rate caps, floors and collars under which one party pays a single or periodic fixed amount(s) (or premium) and the other party pays periodic amounts based on the movement of a specified index. A Fund also may enter into options on swaps (“swaptions”). A swaption is an option to enter into a swap agreement. Like other types of options, the buyer of a swaption pays a non-refundable premium for the option and obtains the right, but not the obligation, to enter into or modify an underlying swap or to modify the terms of an existing swap on agree-upon terms. The seller of a swaption, in exchange for the premium, becomes obligated (if the option is exercised) to enter into or modify an underlying swap on agreed-upon terms, which generally entails a greater risk of loss than incurred in buying a swaption.
The Funds will usually enter into swaps on a net basis, i.e., the two return streams are netted out in a cash settlement on the payment date or dates specified in the instrument, with a Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two returns on a specified payment date. However, a Fund’s obligations under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owing to the Fund). Many swaps, such as interest rate swaps, do not involve the delivery of securities, other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to such swaps is limited to the net amount of payments that a Fund is contractually obligated to make under the contract. If the other party to a swap defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Fund is contractually entitled to receive. In contrast, certain currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal value of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Therefore, the entire principal value of such a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. If there is a default by the counterparty, a Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The swap market has grown substantially in recent years with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap market has become relatively liquid.
Total return swaps are agreements where one counterparty transfers the entire economic exposure of an underlying asset or obligation (including income from interest and fees, gains and losses from price and market movement, and credit losses) to another counterparty. Total return swaps are generally used by the Funds to obtain full exposure (both credit and market exposure) of an underlying asset without actually owning the asset. The use of a total return swap enables a Fund to receive the full financial gain from the increase or decrease of the underlying asset or obligation as if it owned the underlying asset, without needing to purchase the underlying asset in full. The underlying assets of a total return swap can include most financial instruments, although a Fund will generally only trade in total return swaps that consist of underlying assets that independently comply with the Fund’s investment strategy.
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Credit default swaps involve the exchange of floating or fixed rate payments in return for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security, or pool of securities. A credit default swap may have as reference obligations one or more securities that may, or may not, be currently held by the Fund. The protection “buyer” in a credit default swap is generally obligated to pay the protection “seller” an upfront or a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap provided that no credit event, such as a default, on a reference obligation has occurred. If a credit event occurs, the seller generally must pay the buyer the “par value” (full notional value) of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity described in the swap, or the seller may be required to deliver the related net cash amount, if the swap is cash settled. A Fund may be either the protection buyer or seller in the transaction. If a Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may recover nothing if the swap is held through its termination date. However, if a credit event occurs, the buyer generally may elect to receive the full notional value of the swap in exchange for an equal face amount of deliverable obligations of the reference entity whose value may have significantly decreased. As a seller, a Fund generally receives an upfront payment or a rate of income throughout the term of the swap provided that there is no credit event. As the seller, a Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If a credit event occurs, the value of any deliverable obligation received by the Fund as seller, coupled with the upfront or periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to the Fund.
Certain standardized swaps are subject to mandatory central clearing and some of these cleared swaps must be traded on an exchange or swap execution facility (“SEF”). A SEF is a trading platform in which multiple market participants can execute swap transactions by accepting bids and offers made by multiple other participants on the platform. Transactions executed on a SEF may increase market transparency and liquidity but may cause the Fund to incur increased expenses to execute swaps. Unlike uncleared swaps (negotiated bilaterally and traded over-the-counter), cleared swaps must be transacted through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as the central counterparty to the transaction. Currently, the CFTC has designated the most common types of credit default index swaps and interest rate swaps as subject to mandatory central clearing, and certain public trading facilities have made those types of swaps available for trading. It is expected that additional types of swaps will become subject to central clearing and exchange-trading requirements in the future. In addition, depending on the size of a Fund and other factors, the margin required under the rules of the clearinghouse and by a clearing member may be in excess of the collateral required to be posted by the Fund to support its obligations under a similar bilateral swap. In addition, the CFTC and other applicable regulators have adopted rules imposing certain margin requirements, including minimums, on uncleared swaps which, once effective, may result in a Fund and its counterparties posting higher margin amounts for uncleared swaps. While requirements for central clearing, exchange-trading and posting and collection of margin is intended to reduce counterparty and credit risk, they do not eliminate these types of risks from a transaction. Swaps may still cause a Fund to lose money.
The use of swaps is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Adviser was incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of a Fund would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used.
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Asset Segregation Practices with respect to Derivatives. As an investment company registered with the SEC, each Fund must identify on its books (often referred to as “asset segregation”) liquid assets, or engage in other SEC or SEC-staff approved or other appropriate measures, to “cover” open positions with respect to certain kinds of derivative instruments that expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. In the case of such derivative instruments that do not cash settle, for example, a Fund must identify on its books liquid assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument while the positions are open, to the extent there is not a permissible offsetting position or a contractual “netting” agreement with respect to swaps (other than credit default swaps where the Fund is the protection seller). However, with respect to certain forwards, futures, options, swaps and other such derivative instruments that are required to cash settle, a Fund may identify liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligations (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under the instrument, if any, rather than its full notional amount. The Funds reserve the right to modify their asset segregation policies in the future in their discretion, consistent with the 1940 Act and SEC or SEC staff guidance. By identifying assets equal to only its net obligations under certain instruments, a Fund will have the ability to employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to identify assets equal to the full notional amount of the instrument.
Risk Factors Relating to Derivatives. The Funds may invest in derivatives contracts to the extent set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI. The use of derivatives is a highly specialized activity which involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions, and there can be no guarantee that their use will increase the return of a Fund. While the use of these instruments by a Fund may reduce certain risks associated with owning its portfolio securities, these techniques themselves entail certain other risks. If the Adviser applies a strategy at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions or trends incorrectly, such strategies may lower a Fund’s return. Certain strategies limit the potential of a Fund to realize gains as well as limit their exposure to losses. A Fund could also experience losses if the prices of its derivatives positions were poorly correlated with its other investments.
Imperfect Correlation of Hedging Instruments with a Fund’s Portfolio. The ability of a Fund to effectively hedge all or a portion of its portfolio through transactions in derivatives contracts will depend on the degree to which price movements in the underlying instruments correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of that Fund’s portfolio. If the values of portfolio securities being hedged do not move in the same amount or direction as the instruments underlying the derivatives contracts traded, a Fund’s hedging strategy may not be successful and the Fund could sustain losses on its hedging strategy that would not be offset by gains on its portfolio. It is also possible that there may be a negative correlation between the instrument underlying a derivatives contract and the portfolio securities being hedged, which could result in losses both on the hedging transaction and on the portfolio securities. In such instances, a Fund’s overall return could be less than if the hedging transaction had not been undertaken.
In the case of derivatives contracts based on an index of securities or individual fixed income securities, the portfolio will not duplicate the components of the index, and in the case of derivatives contracts on fixed income securities, the portfolio securities that are being hedged may not be the same type of obligation underlying such contracts. As a result, the correlation probably will not be exact. Consequently, a Fund bears the risk that the price of the portfolio securities being hedged will not move in the same amount or direction as the underlying index or obligation. In addition, where a Fund enters into forward contracts as a “cross hedge” (i.e., the purchase or sale of a forward contract on one currency to hedge against risk of loss arising from changes in value of a second currency), the Fund incurs the risk of imperfect correlation between changes in the values of the two currencies, which could result in losses.
The correlation between prices of securities and prices of derivatives contracts may be distorted due to differences in the nature of the markets, such as differences in margin requirements, the liquidity of such markets and the participation of speculators in the option, futures contract and forward contract markets. Due to the possibility of distortion, a correct forecast of general interest rate trends by the Adviser may still not result in a successful transaction. The trading of options on futures contracts also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not be fully reflected in the value of the option. The risk of imperfect correlation, however, generally tends to diminish as the maturity or termination date of the futures contract or forward contract approaches.
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Dependence on the Ability of the Adviser. The trading of derivatives contracts also entails the risk that, if the Adviser’s judgment as to the general direction of interest or exchange rates or market values is incorrect, a Fund’s overall performance may be poorer than if it had not entered into any such contract. For example, if a Fund has hedged against the possibility of an increase in interest rates, and rates instead decline, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the securities being hedged, and may be required to meet ongoing daily variation margin payments.
Non-Hedging Transactions. The Funds may each purchase and write options (or enter into other derivatives contracts) not only for hedging purposes or cash management purposes, but also as a substitute for investing directly in securities or as part of a strategy to gain exposure to characteristics of investments in different markets through efficient portfolio management techniques for the purpose of attempting to enhance its return. As a result, those Funds will incur the risk that losses on such transactions will not be offset by corresponding increases in the value of portfolio securities or decreases in the cost of securities to be acquired.
Potential Lack of a Liquid Market. Prior to exercise or expiration, a position in an exchange-traded derivatives contract can only be terminated by entering into a closing purchase or sale transaction, which requires a market for such instruments on the exchange on which the initial transaction was entered into. If no such market exists, it may not be possible to close out a position, and a Fund could be required to purchase or sell the underlying instrument or meet ongoing variation margin requirements. The inability to close out derivatives positions also could have an adverse effect on a Fund’s ability effectively to hedge its portfolio.
The liquidity of a market in an exchange-traded derivatives contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits,” established by the exchanges, which limit the amount of fluctuation in the price of a contract during a single trading day and prohibit trading beyond such limits once they have been reached. Such limits could prevent a Fund from liquidating open positions, which could render its strategy unsuccessful and result in trading losses. The exchanges on which derivatives contracts are traded have also established a number of limitations governing the maximum number of positions which may be held by a trader, whether acting alone or in concert with others. Further, the purchase and sale of exchange-traded derivatives contracts is subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing corporation equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm, intervening broker or clearing corporation or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.
Options on Futures Contracts. In order to profit from the purchase of an option on a futures contract, it may be necessary to exercise the option and liquidate the underlying futures contract, subject to all of the risks of futures trading. The writer of an option on a futures contract is subject to the risks of futures trading, including the requirement of initial and variation margin deposits.
Writing Option Contracts. By writing a call option on a portfolio security, a Fund limits its opportunity to profit from any increase in the market value of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. By writing a put option, a Fund assumes the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price above its then-current market value, resulting in a loss unless the security subsequently appreciates in value. The writing of options will not be undertaken by a Fund solely for hedging purposes, and may involve certain risks that are not present in the case of hedging transactions. Moreover, even where options are written for hedging purposes, such transactions will constitute only a partial hedge against declines in the value of portfolio securities or against increases in the value of securities to be acquired, up to the amount of the premium.
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Risk of Potential Government Regulation of Derivatives. It is possible that additional government regulation of various types of derivative instruments, including futures and swap agreements, may limit or prevent a Fund from using such instruments as a part of its investment strategy, and could ultimately prevent a Fund from being able to achieve its investment objective. It is impossible to fully predict the effects of past, present or future legislation and regulation in this area, but the effects could be substantial and adverse. It is possible that legislative and regulatory activity could limit or restrict the ability of a Fund to use certain instruments as a part of its investment strategy. Limits or restrictions applicable to the counterparties with which the Funds engage in derivatives transactions could also prevent the Funds from using certain instruments.
There is a possibility of future regulatory changes altering, perhaps to a material extent, the nature of an investment in the Funds or the ability of the Funds to continue to implement their investment strategies. The futures markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations, and margin requirements. In addition, the SEC, CFTC and the exchanges are authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of a market emergency, including, for example, the implementation or reduction of speculative position limits, the implementation of higher margin requirements, the establishment of daily price limits and the suspension of trading. The regulation of swaps and futures transactions in the U.S. is subject to modification by government and judicial action.
In particular, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) has changed the way in which the U.S. financial system is supervised and regulated. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act sets forth a new legislative framework for over-the-counter derivatives, including financial instruments, such as swaps, in which the Funds may invest. Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Act made broad changes to the over-the-counter derivatives market, granted significant new authority to the SEC, CFTC and banking regulators to regulate over-the-counter derivatives and market participants, and required clearing, exchange trading and posting of margin for many over-the-counter derivatives transactions to such events.
Also, any additional future regulation of the derivatives markets may make derivatives more costly, may limit the availability of derivatives, or may otherwise adversely affect the value or performance of derivatives. Any such adverse future developments could impair the effectiveness of a Fund’s derivatives transactions and cause the Fund to lose value. In addition, other future regulatory developments may impact a Fund’s ability to use or maintain certain derivatives positions. Legislation or regulation may also change the way in which a Fund itself is regulated. HSBC cannot predict the effects of any new governmental regulation that may be implemented on the ability of a Fund to use swaps or any other financial derivative product, and there can be no assurance that any new governmental regulation will not adversely affect a Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.
In November 2019, the SEC published a proposed rulemaking related to the use of derivatives and certain other transactions by registered investment companies that would, if adopted, for the most part rescind the guidance of the SEC and its staff regarding asset segregation and cover transactions. Instead of complying with current guidance, funds would need to trade derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions) subject to a value-at-risk (“VaR”) leverage limit, certain other derivatives risk management program and testing requirements and requirements related to board reporting. These new requirements would apply unless a fund qualified as a “limited derivatives user,” as defined in the SEC’s proposal. A fund trading reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would need to aggregate the amount of indebtedness associated with the reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions with the aggregate amount of any other senior securities representing indebtedness when calculating the fund’s asset coverage ratio. Reverse repurchase agreements or similar financing transactions would not be included in the calculation of whether a fund is a limited derivatives user, but for funds subject to the VaR testing, reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions would be included for purposes of such testing. Any new requirements, if adopted, may increase the cost of a fund’s investments and cost of doing business, which could adversely affect investors.
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Additional Risks of Transactions Related to Foreign Currencies and Transactions Not Conducted on the United States Exchanges. The available information on which a Fund will make trading decisions concerning transactions related to foreign currencies or foreign securities may not be as complete as the comparable data on which a Fund makes investment and trading decisions in connection with other transactions. Moreover, because the foreign currency market is a global, 24-hour market, and the markets for foreign securities as well as markets in foreign countries may be operating during non-business hours in the United States, events could occur in such markets which would not be reflected until the following day, thereby rendering it more difficult for a Fund to respond in a timely manner.
Transactions on exchanges located in foreign countries may not be conducted in the same manner as those entered into on U.S. exchanges, and may be subject to different margin, exercise, settlement or expiration procedures. As a result, many of the risks of over-the-counter trading may be present in connection with such transactions. Moreover, the SEC or the CFTC has jurisdiction over the trading in the United States of many types of over-the-counter and foreign instruments, and such agencies could adopt regulations or interpretations that would make it difficult or impossible for a Fund to enter into the trading strategies identified herein or to liquidate existing positions.
As a result of its investments in foreign securities, a Fund may receive interest or dividend payments, or the proceeds of the sale or redemption of such securities, in foreign currencies. A Fund may also be required to receive delivery of the foreign currencies underlying options on foreign currencies or forward contracts it has entered into. This could occur, for example, if an option written by a Fund is exercised or the Fund is unable to close out a forward contract it has entered into. In addition, a Fund may elect to take delivery of such currencies. Under such circumstances, a Fund may promptly convert the foreign currencies into dollars at the then current exchange rate. Alternatively, a Fund may hold such currencies for an indefinite period of time if the Adviser believes that the exchange rate at the time of delivery is unfavorable or if, for any other reason, the Adviser anticipates favorable movements in such rates.
While the holding of currencies will permit a Fund to take advantage of favorable movements in the applicable exchange rate, it also exposes a Fund to risk of loss if such rates move in a direction adverse to a Fund’s position. Such losses could also adversely affect a Fund’s hedging strategies. Certain tax requirements may limit the extent to which a Fund will be able to hold currencies.
Counterparty Credit Risk. Many of the protections afforded to cleared derivatives transactions, such as the security afforded by transacting through a clearing house, might not be available in connection with over-the-counter transactions. Therefore, in those instances in which a Fund enters into uncleared over-the-counter transactions, the Fund will be subject to the risk that its direct counterparty will not perform its obligations under the transaction and that the Fund will sustain losses. In addition, over-the-counter derivatives transactions can only be entered into with a financial institution willing to take the opposite side, as principal, of a Fund’s position. This could make it difficult or impossible to enter into a desired transaction or liquidate open positions, and could therefore result in trading losses.
EMERGING MARKETS
The Funds may invest in emerging markets to the extent set forth in the Prospectus or in other sections of this SAI, and these investments present greater risk than investing in foreign issuers in general.
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A number of emerging markets restrict foreign investment in domestic securities. Repatriation of investment income, capital, and the proceeds of securities sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging market countries, which may make it difficult for the Funds to invest in such emerging markets countries. The Funds could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, and required governmental approval for such repatriation. In addition, a number of the currencies of developing countries have experienced significant declines against the U.S. dollar in the past, and devaluation may occur subsequent to investments in these currencies by a Fund. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. Many of the emerging securities markets are relatively small, have low trading volumes, suffer periods of relative illiquidity, and are characterized by significant price volatility. There is the risk that a future economic or political crisis could lead to price controls, exchange controls (including repatriation restrictions), tariffs and/or trade embargoes, forced mergers of companies, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, seizure, nationalization, or creation of government monopolies, any of which could have a detrimental effect on a Fund’s investments. To the extent that an emerging country cannot generate a trade surplus, it must depend on continuing loans from foreign governments, multilateral organizations or private commercial banks, aid payments from foreign governments and on inflows of foreign investment. The access of emerging countries to these forms of external funding may not be certain, and a withdrawal of external funding could adversely affect the capacity of emerging country governmental entities to make payments on their obligations. In addition, the cost of servicing emerging country debt obligations can be affected by a change in international interest rates because the majority of these obligations carry interest rates that are adjusted periodically based upon international rates. Investing in many former communist or socialist countries involves the additional risk that the government or other executive or legislative bodies may decide not to continue to support the economic reform programs and could follow radically different political and/or economic policies to the detriment of investors, including non-market oriented policies such as the support of certain industries at the expense of other sectors or a return to a completely centrally planned economy. It is possible, particularly in markets in emerging market countries, that purported securities in which the Funds invest may subsequently be found to be fraudulent and as a consequence the Funds could suffer losses.
Additional risk factors include, but are not limited to, the following: varying custody, brokerage and settlement practices; difficulty in valuation and pricing; less public information about issuers of non-U.S. securities; less governmental regulation and supervision over the issuance and trading of securities; the unavailability of financial information regarding the non-U.S. issuer or the difficulty of interpreting financial information prepared under non-U.S. accounting standards; the imposition of withholding and other taxes; adverse political, social or diplomatic developments limitations on the movement of funds or other assets of an investor between different countries; difficulties in invoking the legal process outside the United States and enforcing contractual obligations; and the difficulty of assessing economic trends in non-U.S. countries. Investment in non-U.S. countries also involves higher brokerage and custodian expenses than does investment in U.S. securities traded on a U.S. securities exchange or market. The occurrence of adverse events affecting one particular emerging market country or region could have more widespread effect and adversely impact the global trading market for emerging market instruments. Many of the laws that govern private and foreign investment, securities transactions and other contractual relationships in certain emerging market countries, are relatively new and largely untested. As a result, an investor may be subject to a number of unusual risks, including inadequate investor protection, contradictory legislation, incomplete, unclear and changing local and state laws, disregard of regulations on the part of other market participants, lack of established or effective avenues for legal redress, absence of standard practices and confidentiality customs characteristic of more developed markets and lack of consistent enforcement of existing regulations. Furthermore, it may be difficult to obtain and/or enforce a judgment in certain countries in which assets of an investor are invested. There can be no assurance that this difficulty in protecting and enforcing rights will not have a material adverse effect on an investor (such as a Fund) and its investments.
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The term “emerging markets” includes any country: (i) having an “emerging stock market” as defined by the International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low- to middle-income economies according to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the “World Bank”); or (iii) determined by the Adviser to be an emerging market as described above. The Adviser may consider a country to be an emerging markets country if it has characteristics similar to those of a country identified in (i) or (ii) above, such as similar political or economic instability or immature financial or capital markets. Currently, these countries generally include every country in the world except Andorra, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bermuda, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Lichtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States.
Company Debt. Governments of many emerging market countries have exercised and continue to exercise substantial influence over many aspects of the private sector through the partial or complete ownership or control of many companies, including some of the largest in any given country. As a result, government actions in the future could have a significant effect on economic conditions in emerging markets, which in turn, may adversely affect companies in the private sector, general market conditions and prices and yields of certain of the securities held by a Fund. Expropriation, confiscatory taxation, nationalization, political, economic or social instability or other similar developments have occurred frequently over the history of certain emerging markets and could adversely affect the Funds’ assets should these conditions recur.
Sovereign Debt and Supranational Debt Obligations. The Funds may invest in sovereign and supranational debt obligations. Investments in sovereign and supranational debt obligations issued or guaranteed by foreign governments, agencies, and supranational entities (“sovereign debt obligations”) can involve a high degree of risk. The issuers of the sovereign debt securities in which the Funds may invest have in the past experienced substantial difficulties in servicing their external debt obligations, which have led to defaults on certain obligations and the restructuring of certain indebtedness. The governmental entity that controls the repayment of sovereign debt obligations may not be able or willing to repay the principal and/or interest when due in accordance with the terms of such debt. A governmental entity’s willingness or ability to repay principal and interest due in a timely manner may be affected by, among other factors, its cash flow situation, the extent of its foreign reserves, the availability of sufficient foreign exchange on the date a payment is due, the relative size of the debt service burden to the economy as a whole, the governmental entity’s policy towards the International Monetary Fund and the political constraints to which a governmental entity may be subject. Governmental entities may also be dependent on expected disbursements from foreign governments, multilateral agencies and others abroad to reduce principal and interest averages on their debt. The commitment on the part of these governments, agencies and others to make such disbursements may be conditioned on a governmental entity’s implementation of economic reforms and/or economic performance and the timely service of such debtor’s obligations. Failure to implement such reforms, achieve such levels of economic performance or repay principal or interest when due may result in the cancellation of such third parties’ commitments to lend funds to the governmental entity, which may further impair such debtor’s ability or willingness to service its debts in a timely manner. Consequently, governmental entities may default on their sovereign debt obligations. Holders of sovereign debt obligations (including a Fund) may be requested to participate in the rescheduling of such debt and to extend further loans to governmental entities. There is no bankruptcy proceeding by which sovereign debt obligations on which governmental entities have defaulted may be collected in whole or in part.
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The total public debt of governments as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since the beginning of the 2008 financial downturn. Although high levels of debt do not necessarily indicate or cause economic problems, high levels of debt may create certain systemic risks if sound debt management practices are not implemented. A high national debt level may increase market pressures to meet government funding needs, which may increase borrowing costs and cause a government to issue additional debt, thereby increasing the risk of refinancing. A high national debt also raises concerns that a government may be unable or unwilling to repay the principal or interest on its debt. Unsustainable debt levels can decline the valuation of currencies, and can prevent a government from implementing effective counter-cyclical fiscal policy during economic downturns.
Emerging market governmental issuers are among the largest debtors to commercial banks, foreign governments, international financial organizations and other financial institutions. Certain emerging market governmental issuers have not been able to make payments of interest on or principal of debt obligations as those payments have come due. Obligations arising from past restructuring agreements may affect the economic performance and political and social stability of those issuers.
The ability of emerging market governmental issuers to make timely payments on their obligations is likely to be influenced strongly by the issuer’s balance of payments, including export performance, and its access to international credits and investments. An emerging market whose exports are concentrated in a few commodities could be vulnerable to a decline in the international prices of one or more of those commodities. Increased protectionism on the part of an emerging market’s trading partners could also adversely affect the country’s exports and tarnish its trade account surplus, if any. To the extent that emerging markets receive payment for their exports in currencies other than U.S. dollars or non-emerging market currencies, their ability to make debt payments denominated in U.S. dollars or non-emerging market currencies could be affected.
Another factor bearing on the ability of emerging market countries to repay debt obligations is the level of international reserves of the country. Fluctuations in the level of these reserves affect the amount of foreign exchange readily available for external debt payments and thus could have a bearing on the capacity of emerging market countries to make payments on these debt obligations.
Liquidity, Trading Volume, and Regulatory Oversight. The securities markets of emerging market countries are substantially smaller, less developed, less liquid and more volatile than the major securities markets in the United States. The lack of liquidity could have an adverse effect on the value of a Fund’s holdings, and on a Fund’s ability to dispose of such holdings in response to a specific adverse economic event, such as the deterioration in credit worthiness of a particular debtor. Some of the securities of countries that may be selected by the Adviser for purchase or sale by a Fund may have insufficient market liquidity to allow the relevant Fund to purchase such securities in such amounts or at such prices as the Adviser may deem reasonable for investment under such strategy and/or there may not be a readily available means by which the Fund can gain exposure to such country’s securities markets. Foreign investors in emerging markets may be limited in their ability to invest in certain industries. In addition, there is often a limit on total foreign holdings. To the extent that the ceiling has been reached in that industry, further investment by foreign investors may not be permitted. Accordingly, the ability of a Fund to invest in certain companies may be restricted, and there can be no assurance that additional restrictions on investments permissible for foreign investors will not be imposed in the future.
The limited size of many emerging market securities markets and limited trading volume in the securities of emerging market issuers compared to the volume of trading in the securities of U.S. issuers could cause prices to be erratic for reasons apart from factors that affect the soundness and competitiveness of the securities issuers. For example, limited market size may cause prices to be unduly influenced by traders who control large positions. Adverse publicity and investors’ perceptions, whether or not based on in-depth fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of portfolio securities.
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Disclosure and regulatory standards in emerging markets are in many respects less stringent than U.S. standards. Issuers in lesser developed and emerging markets are subject to accounting, auditing and financial standards and requirements that differ, in some cases significantly, from those applicable to U.S. issuers. In particular, the assets and profits appearing on the financial statements of such an issuer may not reflect its financial position or results of operations in the way they would be reflected had such financial statements been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. There is substantially less publicly available information about such issuers than there is about U.S. issuers. In addition, such issuers are not subject to regulations similar to the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which imposes many restrictions and mandates on the activities of companies. There is less regulation and monitoring by regulators of lesser developed and emerging market securities markets and the activities of investors, brokers and other participants than in the United States. Moreover, issuers of securities in lesser developed and emerging markets are not subject to the same degree of regulation as are U.S. issuers with respect to such matters as insider trading rules, tender offer regulation, shareholder proxy requirements and the timely disclosure of information. There is also less publicly available information about lesser developed and emerging market companies than U.S. companies.
Default, Legal Recourse. The Funds may have limited legal recourse in the event of a default with respect to certain debt obligations it may hold. If the issuer of a fixed income security owned by a Fund defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. Debt obligations issued by emerging market governments differ from debt obligations of private entities; remedies from defaults on debt obligations issued by emerging market governments, unlike those on private debt, must be pursued in the courts of the defaulting party itself. A Fund’s ability to enforce its rights against private issuers may be limited. The ability to attach assets to enforce a judgment may be limited. Legal recourse is therefore somewhat diminished. Bankruptcy, moratorium and other similar laws applicable to private issuers of debt obligations may be substantially different from those of other countries. Moreover, if a Fund obtains a judgment in a U.S. court, it may be difficult to enforce such judgment in the emerging market because the emerging market may not be a party to any international treaty with respect to the recognition or enforcement of foreign judgments. Provisions of emerging markets laws regulate the enforcement of foreign judgments and such laws may contain broad exceptions and involve long delays in obtaining a judgment. For example, an emerging markets court may not enforce any foreign judgment if it viewed the amount of damages awarded as excessive or inconsistent with practice in that country. A party seeking to enforce a foreign judgment in an emerging market may also be required to obtain approval from the central bank of that emerging market to execute such judgment or to repatriate any amount recovered outside of the emerging market. The political context, expressed as an emerging market governmental issuer’s willingness to meet the terms of the debt obligation, for example, is of considerable importance. In addition, no assurance can be given that the holders of commercial bank debt may not contest payments to the holders of debt obligations in the event of default under commercial bank loan agreements.
Certain Risks of Holding Assets Outside the United States. A Fund generally holds its non-U.S. securities and cash in foreign banks and securities depositories. Some foreign banks and securities depositories may be recently organized or new to the foreign custody business, and therefore expose a Fund to additional risks. In addition, there may be limited or no regulatory oversight of their operations. Also, the laws of certain countries limit a Fund’s ability to recover its assets if a foreign bank, depository or issuer of a security, or any of their agents, goes bankrupt. In addition, it is often more expensive for a Fund to buy, sell and hold securities in certain foreign markets than in the United States. The increased expense of investing in foreign markets reduces the amount a Fund can earn on its investments and typically results in higher operating expenses for the Fund as compared to funds that invest only in the United States.
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Settlement Risk. Settlement and clearance procedures in certain foreign markets differ significantly from those in the United States. Foreign settlement and clearance procedures and trade regulations also may involve certain risks (such as delays in payment for or delivery of securities) not typically associated with the settlement of U.S. investments. At times, settlements in certain foreign countries have not kept pace with the number of securities transactions. These problems may make it difficult for a Fund to carry out transactions. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a purchase of securities, it may miss attractive investment opportunities and certain of its assets may be uninvested with no return earned thereon for some period. If a Fund cannot settle or is delayed in settling a sale of securities, it may lose money if the value of the security then declines or, if it has contracted to sell the security to another party, the Fund could be liable for any losses incurred.
Inflation. Many emerging markets have experienced substantial, and in some periods extremely high, rates of inflation for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had and may continue to have adverse effects on the economies and securities markets of certain emerging market countries. In an attempt to control inflation, wage and price controls have been imposed in certain countries. Of these countries, some, in recent years, have begun to control inflation through prudent economic policies.
Withholding. Income from securities held by a Fund could be reduced by a withholding tax on the source or other taxes imposed by the emerging market countries in which the Fund makes its investments. A Fund’s NAV may also be affected by changes in the rates or methods of taxation applicable to the Fund or to entities in which the Fund has invested.
Foreign Currencies. A Fund's investments in emerging markets securities involve risks relating to currency exchange matters, including fluctuations in the rate of exchange between the U.S. dollar and the foreign currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated, and costs associated with conversion of investment principal and income from one currency into another. Some emerging market countries also may have managed currencies, which are not free floating against the U.S. dollar. In addition, there is risk that certain emerging market countries may restrict the free conversion of their currencies into other currencies. Further, certain emerging market currencies may not be internationally traded. Certain of these currencies have experienced a steep devaluation relative to the U.S. dollar. Any devaluations in the currencies in which a Fund’s portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund’s NAV.
EURODOLLAR AND YANKEE BANK OBLIGATIONS
The Funds may invest in Eurodollar bank obligations and Yankee bank obligations. Eurodollar bank obligations are dollar-denominated certificates of deposit and time deposits issued outside the U.S. capital markets by foreign branches of U.S. banks and by foreign banks. Yankee bank obligations are dollar-denominated obligations issued in the U.S. capital markets by foreign banks. Eurodollar and Yankee obligations are subject to the same risks that pertain to domestic issues, notably credit risk, market risk and liquidity risk. Additionally, Eurodollar (and to a limited extent Yankee bank) obligations are subject to certain sovereign risks. One such risk is the possibility that a sovereign country might prevent capital, in the form of dollars, from freely flowing across its borders. Other risks include: adverse political and economic developments, the extent and quality of government regulation of financial markets and institutions, the imposition of foreign withholding taxes, and the expropriation or nationalization of foreign issuers.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS
Exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are investment companies that are bought and sold on a securities exchange. An ETF generally represents a portfolio of securities designed to track a particular market segment or index. A Fund could purchase an ETF to temporarily gain exposure to a portion of the U.S. or a foreign market while awaiting an opportunity to purchase securities directly. An investment in an ETF, like one in any investment company, carries the same risks as those of its underlying securities. An ETF may fail to accurately track the returns of the market segment or index that it is designed to track, and the price of an ETF’s shares may fluctuate or lose money. In addition, because they, unlike other investment companies, are traded on an exchange, ETFs are subject to the following risks: (i) the market price of the ETF’s shares may trade at a premium or discount to the ETF’s NAV; (ii) an active trading market for an ETF may not develop or be maintained; and (iii) there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of the ETF will continue to be met or remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting ETFs should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of a Fund’s shares could also be substantially and adversely affected. See also “Investment Company Securities” below.
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EXCHANGE TRADED NOTES
The Funds may invest in exchange traded notes (“ETNs”), which are a type of unsecured, unsubordinated debt security that have characteristics and risks similar to those of fixed income securities and trade on a major exchange similar to shares of ETFs. However, this type of debt security differs from other types of bonds and notes because ETN returns are based upon the performance of a market index minus applicable fees, no period coupon payments are distributed, and no principal protections exists. The purpose of ETNs is to create a type of security that combines aspects of both bonds and ETFs. The value of an ETN may be influenced by time to maturity, level of supply and demand for the ETN, volatility and lack of liquidity in underlying commodities or securities markets, changes in the applicable interest rates, changes in the issuer’s credit rating and economic, legal, political or geographic events that affect the referenced commodity or security. An investor’s decision to sell its ETN holdings may also be limited by the availability of a secondary market. If an investor must sell some or all of its ETN holdings and the secondary market is weak, it may have to sell such holdings at a discount. If an investor holds its investment in an ETN until maturity, the issuer will give the investor a cash amount that would be equal to principal amount (subject to the day’s index factor). ETNs are also subject to counterparty credit risk and fixed income risk.
FIXED INCOME INSTRUMENTS
The Funds may invest in fixed income securities. To the extent a Fund invests in fixed income instruments, the value of the Fund’s investment may change as prevailing interest rates fluctuate. When interest rates decline, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to rise. Conversely, when interest rates rise, the value of fixed income securities can be expected to decline. A Fund’s investments in fixed income securities with longer terms to maturity or greater duration are subject to greater volatility than shorter-term obligations. Fluctuations in interest rates may affect the yield, volatility, liquidity and value of investments in income-producing or fixed income securities. A wide variety of factors can cause interest rates to rise (e.g., central bank monetary policies, inflation rates, general economic conditions, etc.). The risks associated with changing interest rates may have unpredictable effects on the markets and a Fund’s investments.
Outflows in the fixed income market could impose difficulties on dealers because the recent increase of assets in bond mutual funds and ETFs have not been matched with a proportionate increase in dealer capacity. As such, dealer inventories appear to be at an all-time low, relative to the market size. This reduction in market-making capacity by dealers has the potential to decrease liquidity and increase volatility in fixed income markets.
After purchase by a Fund, a security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum required for purchase by the Fund. A security that has had its rating downgraded or revoked may be subject to greater risk to principal and income, and often involve greater volatility of price, than securities in the higher rating categories. Such securities are also subject to greater credit risks (including, without limitation, the possibility of default by or bankruptcy of the issuers of such securities) than securities in higher rating categories.
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FLOATING AND VARIABLE RATE OBLIGATIONS
Certain fixed income securities that the Funds may purchase may have a floating or variable rate of interest. The interest payable on instruments with floating or variable rates of interest changes in accordance with specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rates, and at specified intervals. Certain floating or variable rate obligations that may be purchased by a Fund may carry a demand feature that would permit the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the underlying instrument, or to a third party, at par value prior to maturity. The demand features of certain floating or variable rate obligations may permit the holder to tender the obligations to foreign banks, in which case the ability to receive payment under the demand feature will be subject to certain risks, as described under “Foreign Securities,” below.
Variable or floating rate demand notes may be issued by corporations, bank holding companies and financial institutions and similar taxable and tax-exempt instruments issued by government agencies and instrumentalities. These securities will typically have a maturity over one year but carry with them the right of the holder to put the securities to a remarketing agent or other entity at designated time intervals and on specified notice. The obligation of the issuer of the put to repurchase the securities may be backed by a letter of credit or other obligation issued by a financial institution. The purchase price is ordinarily par plus accrued and unpaid interest. Generally, the remarketing agent will adjust the interest rate every seven days (or-at other specified intervals) in order to maintain the interest rate at the prevailing rate for securities with a seven-day or other designated maturity.
The Funds may also buy variable rate master demand notes. The terms of the obligations permit a Fund to invest fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the Fund, as lender, and the borrower. These instruments permit weekly and, in some instances, daily changes in the amounts borrowed. A Fund has the right to increase the amount under the note at any time up to the full amount provided by the note agreement, or to decrease the amount and the borrower may repay up to the full amount of the note without penalty. The notes may or may not be backed by bank letters of credit. Because the notes are direct lending arrangements between a Fund and the borrower, it is not generally contemplated that they will be traded, and there is no secondary market for them, although they are redeemable (and, thus, immediately repayable by the borrower) at principal amount, plus accrued interest, at any time. In connection with any such purchase and on an ongoing basis, the Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios of the issuer, and its ability to pay principal and interest on demand, including a situation in which all holders of such notes make demand simultaneously. While master demand notes, as such, are not typically rated by credit rating agencies, a Fund may, under its minimum rating standards, invest in them only if, at the time of an investment, the issuer meets the criteria for the relevant Fund’s investment in money market instruments.
Investments in floating or variable rate securities may involve industrial development or revenue bonds which provide that the rate of interest is set as a specific percentage of a designated base rate, such as rates on U.S. Treasury bonds or bills or the prime rate at a major commercial bank, and that a bondholder can demand payment of the obligations on short notice at par plus accrued interest. While there is usually no established secondary market for issues of this type of security, the dealer that sells an issue of such securities frequently also offers to repurchase such securities at any time, at a repurchase price which varies and may be more or less than the amount the bondholder paid for them.
Because of the variable rate nature of the instruments, during periods when prevailing interest rates decline, a Fund’s yield will decline and its shareholders will forgo the opportunity for capital appreciation. On the other hand, during periods when prevailing interest rates increase, a Fund’s yield will increase and its shareholders will have reduced risk of capital depreciation. In certain cases, the interest rate index on which an instrument’s yield is based may not rise and fall to the same extent or as quickly as the general market for municipal obligations. These instruments are considered derivatives and the value of such instruments may be more volatile than other floating rate municipal obligations.
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The maturity of floating or variable rate obligations (including participation interests therein) is deemed to be the longer of (i) the notice period required before a Fund is entitled to receive payment of the obligation upon demand, or (ii) the period remaining until the obligation’s next interest rate adjustment. If not redeemed for a Fund through the demand feature, an obligation matures on a specified date that may range up to 30 years from the date of issuance.
The Funds may invest in floating or variable rate obligations that use the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) as a reference interest rate. In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that LIBOR will cease to be available for use after 2021. The unavailability or replacement (e.g., the Secured Overnight Financing Rate, which is intended to replace U.S. dollar LIBOR and measures the cost of overnight borrowings through repurchase agreement transactions collateralized with U.S. Treasury securities) of LIBOR may affect the value, liquidity or return on certain Fund investments and may result in costs incurred in connection with closing out positions and entering into new trades. Any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR on a Fund or on certain instruments in which a Fund invests can be difficult to ascertain, and they may vary depending on factors that include, but are not limited to: (i) existing fallback or termination provisions in individual contracts and (ii) whether, how, and when industry participants develop and adopt new reference rates and fallbacks for both legacy and new products and instruments that could apply on a market-wide basis. For example, certain of a Fund’s investments may involve individual contracts that have no existing fallback provision or language that contemplates the discontinuation of LIBOR, and those investments could experience increased volatility or reduced liquidity as a result of the transition process. In addition, interest rate provisions included in such contracts may need to be renegotiated in contemplation of the transition away from LIBOR. The transition may also result in a reduction in the value of certain instruments held by a Fund, a reduction in the effectiveness of related Fund transactions, such as hedges, or a reduction in the value of any payments due to a Fund that are linked to LIBOR. Any such effects of the transition away from LIBOR, as well as other unforeseen effects, could result in losses to a Fund..
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in foreign currency exchange-related securities.
Foreign Currency Warrants. Foreign currency warrants, such as Currency Exchange Warrants (SM) (“CEWs”(SM)), are warrants which entitle the holder to receive from their issuer an amount of cash (generally, for warrants issued in the United States, in U.S. dollars) which is calculated pursuant to a predetermined formula and based on the exchange rate between a specified foreign currency and the U.S. dollar as of the exercise date of the warrant. Foreign currency warrants generally are exercisable upon their issuance and expire as of a specified date and time. Foreign currency warrants have been issued in connection with U.S. dollar-denominated debt offerings by major corporate issuers in an attempt to reduce the foreign currency exchange risk that, from the point of view of prospective purchasers of the securities, is inherent in the international fixed income marketplace. Foreign currency warrants may attempt to reduce the foreign exchange risk assumed by purchasers of a security by, for example, providing for a supplemental payment in the event that the U.S. dollar depreciates against the value of a major foreign currency such as the Japanese yen or the Euro. The formula used to determine the amount payable upon exercise of a foreign currency warrant may make the warrant worthless unless the applicable foreign currency exchange rate moves in a particular direction (e.g., unless the U.S. dollar appreciates or depreciates against the particular foreign currency to which the warrant is linked or indexed). Foreign currency warrants are severable from the debt obligations with which they may be offered and may be listed on exchanges. Foreign currency warrants may be exercisable only in certain minimum amounts, and an investor wishing to exercise warrants who possesses less than the minimum number required for exercise may be required to either sell the warrants or to purchase additional warrants, thereby incurring additional transaction costs. In the case of any exercise of warrants, there may be a time delay between the time a holder of warrants gives instructions to exercise and the time the exchange rate relating to exercise is determined, during which time the exchange rate could change significantly, thereby affecting both the market and cash settlement values of the warrants being exercised. The expiration date of the warrants may be accelerated if the warrants should be delisted from an exchange or if their trading should be suspended permanently, which would result in the loss of any remaining “time value” of the warrants (i.e., the difference between the current market value and the exercise value of the warrants) and, in the case the warrants were “out-of-the-money,” in a total loss of the purchase price of the warrants. Warrants are generally unaccrued obligations of their issuers and are not standardized foreign currency options issued by the Options Clearing Corporation (the “OCC”). Unlike foreign currency options issued by the OCC, the terms of foreign exchange warrants generally will not be amended in the event of governmental or regulatory actions affecting exchange rates or in the event of the imposition of other regulatory controls affecting the international currency markets. The initial public offering price of foreign currency warrants is generally considerably in excess of the price that a commercial user of foreign currencies might pay in the interbank market for a comparable option involving significantly larger amounts of foreign currencies. Foreign currency warrants are subject to complex political or economic factors.
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Principal Exchange Rate Linked Securities. Principal exchange rate linked securities (“PERLs”(SM)) are debt obligations the principal on which is payable at maturity in an amount that may vary based on the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and a particular foreign currency at or about that time. The return on “standard” PERLs is enhanced if the foreign currency to which the security is linked appreciates against the U.S. dollar, and is adversely affected by increases in the foreign exchange value of the U.S. dollar; “reverse” PERLs are like the “standard” securities, except that their return is enhanced by increases in the value of the U.S. dollar and adversely impacted by increases in the value of foreign currency. Interest payments on the securities are generally made in U.S. dollars at rates that reflect the degree of foreign currency risk assumed or given up by the purchaser of the notes (i.e., at relatively higher interest rates if the purchaser has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, or relatively lower interest rates if the issuer has assumed some of the foreign exchange risk, based on the expectations of the current market). PERLs may in limited cases be subject to acceleration of maturity (generally, not without the consent of the holders of the securities), which may have an adverse impact on the value of the principal payment to be made at maturity.
Performance Indexed Paper. Performance indexed paper (“PIPs”(SM)) is U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper the yield of which is linked to certain foreign exchange rate movements. The yield to the investor on PIPs is established at maturity as a function of the spot exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and a designated currency as of or about that time (generally, the index maturity two days prior to maturity). The yield to the investor will be within a range stipulated at the time of purchase of the obligation, generally with a guaranteed minimum rate of return that is below, and a potential maximum rate of return that is above, market yields on U.S. dollar-denominated commercial paper, with both the minimum and maximum rates of return on the investment corresponding to the minimum and maximum values of the spot exchange rate two business days prior to maturity.
FOREIGN SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in foreign securities. Investing in securities issued by companies whose principal business activities are outside the United States may involve significant risks not present in domestic investments. For example, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies, particularly those not subject to the disclosure and reporting requirements of the U.S. securities laws. Foreign issuers are generally not bound by uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting requirements and standards of practice comparable to those applicable to domestic issuers. Foreign securities, including those of emerging and frontier market issuers, are subject to additional risks, including international trade, social, political and regulatory risks. Investments in foreign securities also involve the risk of possible adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (including repatriation restrictions), tariffs and/or trade embargoes, expropriation or confiscatory taxation, other taxes imposed by the foreign country on a Fund’s earnings, assets, or transactions, limitation on the removal of cash or other assets of a Fund, political or financial instability, the imposition of economic sanctions, or diplomatic and other developments which could affect such investments. A Fund may determine not to invest in, or may limit its overall investment in, a particular issuer, country, or geographic region due to, among other things, heightened risks regarding repatriation restrictions, confiscation of assets and property, expropriation or nationalization. Further, economies of particular countries or areas of the world may differ favorably or unfavorably from the economy of the United States. Changes in foreign exchange rates will affect the value of securities denominated or quoted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The currency in which a Fund’s assets are denominated may be devalued against the U.S. dollar, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Furthermore, dividends or interest on, or proceeds from the sale of, foreign securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes, and special U.S. tax considerations may apply. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than those that apply to domestic custodial arrangements, and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions. Legal remedies available to investors in certain foreign countries may be more limited than those available with respect to investments in the United States or in other foreign countries.
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Euro-Related Risks. In the past, economic crises have brought several small economies in Europe to the brink of bankruptcy and many other economies into recession and weakened the banking and financial sectors of many European countries. In addition, due to large public deficits, some European countries may be dependent on assistance from other European governments and institutions or multilateral agencies and offices. Assistance may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms or reaching a certain level of performance. Failure to reach those objectives or an insufficient level of assistance could result in a deep economic downturn that could significantly affect the value of a Fund’s European investments. The Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union (“EMU”) is comprised of the European Union members that have adopted the euro currency. By adopting the euro as its currency, a member state relinquishes control of its own monetary policies. As a result, European countries are significantly affected by fiscal and monetary controls implemented by the EMU. The euro currency may not fully reflect the strengths and weaknesses of the various economies that comprise the EMU and Europe generally. It is possible that EMU member countries could abandon the euro and return to a national currency and/or that the euro will cease to exist as a single currency in its current form. The effects of such an abandonment or a country’s forced expulsion from the euro on that country, the rest of the EMU, and global markets are impossible to predict, but are likely to be negative.
In a June 2016 referendum, citizens of the United Kingdom voted to leave the EU. In March 2017, the United Kingdom formally notified the European Council of its intention to withdraw from the EU (commonly known as “Brexit”) by invoking Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, which triggered a two-year period of negotiations on the terms of Brexit. Brexit has resulted in volatility in European and global markets and could have significant negative impacts on financial markets in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe. The longer term economic, legal, political and social framework to be put in place between the United Kingdom and the EU is unclear at this stage and is likely to lead to ongoing political and economic uncertainty and periods of exacerbated volatility in both the United Kingdom and in wider European markets for some time. In particular, the decision made in the British referendum may lead to a call for similar referenda in other European jurisdictions, which may cause increased economic volatility in European and global markets. This mid-to long-term uncertainty may have an adverse effect on the
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economy generally and on the value of a Fund’s investments. This may be due to, among other things: fluctuations in asset values and exchange rates; increased illiquidity of investments located, traded or listed within the United Kingdom, the EU or elsewhere; changes in the willingness or ability of counterparties to enter into transactions at the price and terms on which a Fund is prepared to transact; and/or changes in legal and regulatory regimes to which certain of the Fund’s assets are or become subject. Potential decline in the value of the British Pound and/or the Euro against other currencies, along with the potential downgrading of the United Kingdom’s sovereign credit rating, may also have an impact on the performance of a Fund’s assets or investments economically tied to the United Kingdom or Europe.
The effects of Brexit will depend, in part, on agreements the United Kingdom negotiates to retain access to EU markets including, but not limited to, trade and finance agreements. Brexit could lead to legal and tax uncertainty and potentially divergent national laws and regulations as the United Kingdom determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. The extent of the impact of the withdrawal in the United Kingdom and in global markets as well as any associated adverse consequences remain unclear, and the uncertainty may have a significant negative effect on the value of a Fund’s investments. While certain measures are being proposed and/or will be introduced, at the EU level or at the member state level, which are designed to minimize disruption in the financial markets, it is not currently possible to determine whether such measures would achieve their intended effects.
On January 31, 2020, the United Kingdom withdrew from the EU subject to a withdrawal agreement that permits the United Kingdom to effectively remain in the EU from an economic perspective during a transition phase that expires at the end of 2020. During this transition phase, the United Kingdom and the EU will seek to negotiate and finalize a new, more permanent trade deal. Due to political uncertainty, it is not possible to anticipate whether the United Kingdom and the EU will be able to agree on and implement a new trade agreement or what the nature of such trade arrangement will be. In the event that no agreement is reached, the relationship between the United Kingdom and the EU would be based on the World Trade Organization rules.
Asia (including the Middle East) Related Risks. Many Asian countries are considered emerging or frontier markets, and these markets can be less economically and politically stable than developed markets such as the United States. The Asian region may be adversely affected by social, political, economic and regulatory developments, including long-running border and diplomatic disputes with neighboring countries or the international community. For example, the Asian region, and particularly China and South Korea, may be adversely affected by the social, political, economic and regulatory developments in North Korea and its relationship to the international community, including the United States. In addition, China’s long-running conflict over Taiwan, border disputes with many of its neighbors, including Vietnam and Japan, and historically challenging relations with Japan could adversely impact economies in the region. Other potential sources of unrest include nuclear arms threats between India and Pakistan and separatist, ethnic and sectarian violence occurring in Indonesia and the Middle East. Such unrest would likely have a negative impact on the economies and securities markets in this region. Moreover, the Asian region has historically been prone to natural disasters, which have in the past, and may continue to, negatively impact the economy of a country in the Asian region.
The economies of many Asian countries differ from the economies of more developed countries in numerous respects, such as, financial system stability, rate of growth, inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, the national balance of payments, sensitivity to global trade, and with respect to many countries within the Middle East, the sensitivity to the price of oil. Some Asian countries are highly dependent upon and may be affected by developments in other Asian countries, the United States and Europe as a result of their dependency on international trade. Changes in diplomatic relations, trade barriers or global export flows may have a significant impact on a particular Asian country or on the region as a whole. For example, the imposition of tariffs or other trade barriers by the United States or foreign governments on exports from China could adversely impact economies in China and the surrounding region.
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There may be less publicly available information about companies in many Asian countries. In addition, some Asian securities are not rated by rating agencies like S&P, Moody’s, or Fitch; or if they rated, they may be rated below investment grade (referred to as “junk bonds,” which are typically speculative securities, and include unrated securities, regardless of quality), which may have a greater risk of default.
Moreover, the stock exchanges and financial and securities industries in many Asian countries do not generally have the level of government and regulatory oversight as in the United States or Europe. Financial intermediaries in countries in this region may not operate or perform as well as their counterparts in more developed securities capital markets. The auditing and reporting standards in some Asian emerging market countries also may not yield the same degree of shareholder protection or information to investors as those of developed countries. Specifically, the valuation of assets, depreciation, exchange differences, deferred taxation, contingent liability and consolidation may be treated differently in Asian countries than under the auditing and reporting standards that exist in more developed countries. As the legal systems in many Asian countries continue to develop, it may be more difficult to obtain or enforce a judgment.
The securities markets of many Asian countries are also significantly smaller, less liquid and more volatile than securities markets in the United States and Europe. Certain countries in this region are also undergoing a period of growth and change, which could lead to trading volatility and may impose difficulties regarding the operations, settlement and recording of securities transactions. Certain markets in these countries may also require significant withholding of dividends paid on portfolio securities and on realized capital gains, and there can be no assurance that repatriation of a Fund’s income, gains or initial capital from these countries will necessarily occur.
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Argentina-Related Risks. Investments in Argentinian issuers and companies that have significant ties to and/or economic exposure to Argentina involve risks specific to Argentina, including legal, regulatory, political, and economic risks. Argentina has experienced high interest rates, economic volatility, inflation, currency devaluations, political instability, and high unemployment rates. The Argentinian economy depends heavily on commodity exports, making it vulnerable to commodity prices. Reduction in spending on Argentinian products and services, changes to the economies of its trading partners, trade regulations, or currency exchange rates may adversely affect the Argentinian economy.
Argentina has experienced significant market volatility over the recent period. In 2018, Argentina’s market declined more than 50%, which was driven by the weakening peso. As a result, the Argentinian central bank raised interest rates multiple times unexpectedly and required the government to ask the International Monetary Fund for financial support. Continued adverse economic conditions in Argentina could have a negative impact on a Fund’s investments.
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GLOBAL FINANCIAL MARKETS
Global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected. Social, political and economic conditions (including recent instability and volatility) and events (including, but not limited to, armed conflicts, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics, social unrest, and government shutdowns) in one country, region or financial market, including a country, region, or market in which a Fund has not invested, may adversely impact issuers in a different country, region or financial market, including a country, region, or market in which a Fund has not invested. As a result, issuers of securities held by a Fund may experience significant declines in the value of their assets and even cease operations. Such conditions and/or events may not have the same impact on all types of securities and may expose a Fund to greater market or liquidity risk or cause difficulty in valuing portfolio instruments held by the Fund. This could cause a Fund to underperform other types of investments.
The severity or duration of such conditions and/or events may be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations. Instability in the financial markets has led governments across the globe to take a number of unprecedented actions designed to support the financial markets. Future government regulation and/or intervention may also change the way in which a Fund is regulated and could limit or preclude the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objective. For example, one or more countries that have adopted the euro may abandon that currency and/or withdraw from the European Union, which could disrupt global markets and affect the liquidity and value of a Fund’s investments, regardless of whether the Fund has significant exposure to European markets. The risk of investing in Europe may be heightened due to the referendum in which the United Kingdom voted to exit the European Union. In addition, countries in the Asian region (particularly China) may be adversely affected by social, political, economic and regulatory developments, including long-running border and diplomatic disputes with neighboring countries or the international community, that could adversely impact economies within individual Asian countries or the Asian region or the global market as a whole. Moreover, governments or their agencies may acquire distressed assets from financial institutions and may acquire ownership interests in those institutions, which may affect a Fund’s investments in ways that are unforeseeable.
In addition, in the United States, total public debt as a percentage of gross domestic product has grown rapidly since 2018. High levels of national debt may raise concerns that the U.S. government will be unable to pay investors at maturity, may cause declines in currency valuations and may prevent the U.S. government from implementing effective fiscal policy. In 2011, Standard & Poor’s lowered its long-term sovereign credit rating on the United States, which may affect the market price and yields of certain U.S. Government securities. Export-driven economies, including the economies of a number of Asian countries, may be adversely affected by the U.S. and other large economies, with which they do business.
HIGH YIELD/HIGH RISK SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in high yield/high risk securities. Securities rated lower than Baa by Moody’s Investor Service (“Moody’s”), or lower than BBB by Standard & Poor’s Rating Services (“S&P”), are referred to as “non-investment grade,” “high yield” or “junk” bonds. In general, the market for lower rated, high-yield bonds is more limited than the market for higher rated bonds, and because their markets may be thinner and less active, the market prices of lower rated, high-yield bonds may fluctuate more than the prices of higher rated bonds, particularly in times of market stress. In addition, while the market for high-yield, corporate debt securities has been in existence for many years, the market in recent years experienced a dramatic increase in the large-scale use of such securities to fund highly leveraged corporate acquisitions and restructurings. Accordingly, past experience may not provide an accurate indication of future performance of the high-yield bond market, especially during periods of economic recession. Other risks that may be associated with lower rated, high-yield bonds include their relative insensitivity to interest-rate changes; the exercise of any of their redemption or call provisions in a declining market which may result in their replacement by lower yielding bonds; and legislation, from time to time, which may adversely affect their market. A description of the ratings used herein and in the Prospectus is set forth in Appendix A to this SAI.
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Investing in high yield securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in fixed income securities generally. High yield securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of high yield securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher quality debt securities, and the ability of the Funds to achieve their investment objective may, to the extent of its investments in high yield securities, be more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Funds were investing in higher quality securities.
High yield securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher grade securities. The prices of high yield securities have been found to be less sensitive to interest rate changes than more highly rated investments, but more sensitive to adverse economic downturns or individual corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in high yield security prices because the advent of a recession could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If the issuer of high yield securities defaults, the Funds may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In the case of high yield securities structured as zero coupon or payment-in-kind securities, the market prices of such securities are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes and, therefore, tend to be more volatile than securities that pay interest periodically and in cash due to such factors as specific issuer developments and interest rate sensitivity. The secondary markets on which high yield securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the daily NAV of the Funds. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of high yield securities, especially in a thinly traded market. The adoption of new legislation could adversely affect the secondary market for high yield securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities. The form of any future legislation, and the probability of such legislation being enacted, is uncertain.
The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating high yield securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of high yield securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was last rated.
ILLIQUID INVESTMENTS, RULE 144A SECURITIES, AND SECTION 4(a)(2) SECURITIES
A Fund may purchase securities that are not registered or that are offered in exempt non-public offerings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”) (“Restricted Securities”), including securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (“Rule 144A Securities”) or commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) under the 1933 Act (“4(a)(2) Securities”). However, pursuant to Rule 22e-4 under the 1940 Act, a Fund may not acquire any “illiquid investment” if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would have invested more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid investments that are assets. An “illiquid investment” is any investment that a Fund reasonably expects cannot be sold or disposed of in current market conditions in seven calendar days or less without the sale or disposition significantly changing the market value of the investment. Illiquid investments may include certain Restricted Securities, certain over-the-counter derivatives instruments, or securities or other financial instruments that are not readily marketable. The Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program to identify illiquid investments pursuant to Rule 22e-4, and the Board has approved the designation of the Fund Liquidity Review Group to administer the Trust’s liquidity risk management program.
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Pursuant to the Trust’s liquidity risk management program, the Fund Liquidity Review Group may determine that a particular Rule 144A Security, 4(a)(2) Security, or other investment is not illiquid and thus not subject to the limit on investment in illiquid investments based upon a review of relevant market, trading, and investment-specific considerations, including (1) the existence of an active market; (2) the number, diversity and quality of market participants and any dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; (3) the frequency of trades or quotes; (4) restrictions on trading and limitations on transfer; and (5) such other factors that the Fund Liquidity Review Group determines, in its discretion, to be relevant.
INVERSE FLOATING RATE OBLIGATIONS
The Funds may invest in inverse floating rate obligations (“inverse floaters”). Inverse floaters have coupon rates that vary inversely at a multiple of a designated floating rate, such as LIBOR (London InterBank Offered Rate) (please refer to the discussion of the risks associated with LIBOR-linked instruments in “Floating and Variable Rate Obligations” above). Any rise in the reference rate of an inverse floater (as a consequence of an increase in interest rates) causes a drop in the coupon rate while any drop in the reference rate of an inverse floater causes an increase in the coupon rate. In addition, like most other fixed income securities, the value of inverse floaters will generally decrease as interest rates increase. Inverse floaters may exhibit substantially greater price volatility than fixed rate obligations having similar credit quality, redemption provisions and maturity, and inverse floater Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”) exhibit greater price volatility than the majority of mortgage pass-through securities or CMOs. In addition, some inverse floater CMOs exhibit extreme sensitivity to changes in prepayments. As a result, the yield to maturity of an inverse floater CMO is sensitive not only to changes in interest rates, but also to changes in prepayment rates on the related underlying mortgage assets.
INVESTMENT COMPANY SECURITIES
Investments in the securities of other investment companies may involve duplication of advisory fees and certain other expenses. By investing in another investment company, an investor becomes a shareholder of that investment company. As a result, a Fund’s shareholders indirectly will bear the underlying fund’s proportionate share of the fees and expenses paid by shareholders of the other investment company, in addition to the fees and expenses a Fund’s shareholders directly bear in connection with a Fund’s own operations. In addition, a Fund will be affected by the investment policies, practices, and performance of such investment companies in direct proportion to the amount of assets the Fund invests therein. A Fund’s investment in the securities of other investment companies may be particularly significant following its launch or in situations where a Fund is unable to access a particular country or market.
Generally, under the 1940 Act and related rules, a Fund may purchase an unlimited amount of shares of an affiliated fund or a money market fund. A Fund may also purchase shares of an unaffiliated fund as long as: (i) the Fund doesn’t invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company (ETF or other mutual funds); (ii) the Fund doesn’t own more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company; or (iii) the Fund doesn’t invest more than 10% of its total assets in the securities of other investment companies. A Fund may exceed the limits if (i) the unaffiliated fund or the Fund has received an order for exemptive relief from the 3% limitation from the SEC that is applicable to the Fund; and (ii) the unaffiliated fund and the Fund take appropriate steps to comply with any conditions in such order. In the alternative, a Fund may exceed the 5% limitation and the 10% limitation, provided the aggregate sales loads any investor pays (i.e., the combined distribution expenses of both the acquiring fund and the acquired funds) does not exceed the limits on sales loads established by FINRA for funds of funds.
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The Trust may, in the future, seek to achieve the investment objective of the Funds by investing all of their assets in an open-end management investment company having substantially the same investment objective, policies and restrictions as the Funds (i.e., under a master/feeder arrangement). In such event, the investment advisory contracts for the Funds would be terminated. Such change would be made only if the Trustees of the Trust believe that the aggregate per share expenses of a Fund and such other investment company will be less than or approximately equal to the expenses which the Fund would incur if the Trust was to continue to retain the services of an investment adviser for the Fund and the assets of the Funds were to continue to be invested directly in portfolio securities.
Investments in securities issued by other investment companies present the following risks:
Allocation Risk: The risk that the Adviser’s target asset and sector allocations and changes in target asset and sector allocations cause a Fund to underperform other similar funds or cause you to lose money, and that a Fund may not achieve its target asset and sector allocations.
Underlying Fund Selection Risk: The risk that a Fund may invest in underlying funds that underperform other similar funds or the markets more generally, due to poor investment decisions by the investment adviser(s) for the underlying funds or otherwise.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS
The Funds may invest in loan-related investments such as loan participations and assignments. Loan participations typically constitute direct participation, combined with other parties, in a loan to U.S. or foreign company or other borrower, and are usually offered by financial intermediaries. A Fund can participate in such investments or can purchase portions of a loan, becoming a part lender. As a result of purchasing indebtedness and loan participations, a Fund will take on the credit risk that is associated with the borrower and may assume the credit risk associated with an interposed bank or other financial intermediary.
If a Fund acts as co-lender, the Fund will have direct recourse against the borrower if the borrower fails to pay the scheduled principal and interest, whereas if a Fund lacks direct recourse, it will look to an agent for the lenders to enforce any appropriate credit remedies against the borrower. There is a risk that there may not be a readily available market for participation interests, which could result in a Fund disposing of such securities at a substantial discount from face value or holding such security until maturity. Such a sale could also significantly dilute remaining investors’ interests. When a Fund is required to rely upon a lending institution to pay the Fund principal, interest, and other amounts received by the lending institution for the loan participation, the Fund will treat both the borrower and the lending institution as an “issuer” of the loan participation for purposes of certain investment restrictions pertaining to the diversification and concentration of the Fund’s portfolio.
A purchaser of loans or other forms of direct indebtedness will be required to rely mainly upon the creditworthiness of the corporate borrower for the payment of principal and interest. If a Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund’s share price and yield could be negatively impacted. If a loan is fully secured, it will offer a Fund greater protection than an unsecured loan in the event of non-payment of scheduled interest or principal. Nonetheless, there is no guarantee that the liquidation of collateral from a secured loan would satisfy the corporate borrower’s obligation, or that the collateral can be liquidated. If a bankruptcy of a borrower were to occur, a Fund could be exposed to delays or limitations in its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a loan. Investors in loans, such as a Fund, may not be entitled to the protections of the federal securities laws, although they may be entitled to certain contractual remedies. However, a Fund’s risk with respect to an investment is increased to the extent that the agreement does not provide for such remedies or contain other protective covenants.
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The loan obligation market could be subject to irregular trading activity, extended trade settlement periods, and very wide bid/ask spreads. The fact that many transactions in loans are subject to extended trade settlement periods has the effect of preventing Funds from receiving proceeds from the sale of a loan for a period after the sale. Accordingly, sale proceeds related to the sale of loans may not be available to make additional investments or to meet a Fund’s redemption obligations for a period after the sale of the loans, and, therefore, a Fund may be required to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of heightened redemption activity or distressed market conditions, a Fund may seek to obtain expedited trade settlement, which will generally incur additional costs (although expedited trade settlement will not always be available).
In addition, for companies whose creditworthiness is poor, any indebtedness invariably corresponds to substantially greater risks, and may be very speculative. Companies may be permanently unable to pay off their indebtedness, or may only be able to pay off a small amount of what they owe. Therefore, if a Fund invests in the indebtedness of companies with poor credit, that Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested.
Senior loans hold the most senior position in the capital structure of a business entity, and are typically secured with specific collateral and have a claim on the assets and/or stock of the borrower that is senior to that held by subordinated debt holders and stockholders of the borrower. Nevertheless, senior loans are usually rated below investment grade. Because second lien loans are subordinated or unsecured and thus lower in priority of payment to senior loans, they are subject to the additional risk that the cash flow of the borrower and property securing the loan or dent, if any, may be insufficient to meeting scheduled payments after giving effect to the senior secured obligations of the borrower. This risk is generally higher for subordinated unsecured loans or debt, which are not backed by a security interest in any specific collateral. Second lien loans generally have great price volatility than senior loans and may be less liquid. Generally, loans have the benefit of restrictive covenants that limit the ability of the borrower to further encumber its assets or impose other obligations. To the extent a loan does not have certain covenants (or has less restrictive covenants), and investment in the loan will be particularly sensitive to the risks associated with loan investments.
A Fund may incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan assignment or suffer a loss of principal and/or interest if assets or interests held by the agent bank or other financial intermediary are determined to be subject to the claims of the agent bank’s or other financial intermediary’s creditors. In addition, it is unclear whether loan assignments and other forms of direct indebtedness offer securities law protections against fraud and misrepresentation. Also, if a Fund invests in publicly traded securities the Adviser or Subadviser may not have access to material non-public information to which other investors have access. Although certain loan assignments are secured by collateral, a Fund could experience delays or limitations in realizing the value on such collateral or have its interest subordinated to other indebtedness. Loan assignments are vulnerable to market conditions such that economic conditions or other events may reduce the demand for assignments and certain assignments that were liquid, when purchased, may become illiquid or less liquid and they may be more difficult to value. In addition, the settlement period for loans is uncertain as there is no standardized settlement schedule applicable to such investments. Therefore, a Fund may not receive the proceeds from a sale of such investments for a period after the sale.
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MONEY MARKET INSTRUMENTS
Each Fund’s investments in money market instruments will consist of: (i) short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies and instrumentalities; (ii) other short-term debt securities rated A or higher by Moody’s or S&P or, if unrated, of comparable quality in the opinion of the Adviser ; (iii) commercial paper, including master demand notes; (iv) bank obligations, including certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and time deposits; (v) repurchase agreements; and (vi) shares of money market funds, which may include the Government Money Market Fund. Securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government include a variety of Treasury securities, which differ in their interest rates, maturities and dates of issue. Securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may or may not be supported by the full faith and credit of the United States or by the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury.
Considerations of liquidity and preservation of capital mean that a Fund may not necessarily invest in money market instruments paying the highest available yield at a particular time.
MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLL TRANSACTIONS
The Funds may engage in dollar roll transactions with respect to mortgage securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (“GNMA”), the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). In a dollar roll transaction, a Fund sells a mortgage-backed security and simultaneously agrees to repurchase a similar security on a specified future date at an agreed upon price. During the roll period, a Fund will not be entitled to receive any interest or principal paid on the securities sold. A Fund is compensated for the lost interest on the securities sold by the difference between the sales price and the lower price for the future repurchase as well as by the interest earned on the reinvestment of the sales proceeds. A Fund may also be compensated by receipt of a commitment fee.
MORTGAGE-RELATED SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in mortgage-backed certificates and other securities representing ownership interests in mortgage pools, including CMOs. Interest and principal payments on the mortgages underlying mortgage-backed securities are passed through to the holders of the mortgage-backed securities. Mortgage-backed securities currently offer yields higher than those available from many other types of fixed income securities, but because of their prepayment aspects, their price volatility and yield characteristics will change based on changes in prepayment rates.
There are two methods of trading mortgage-backed securities. A specific pool transaction is a trade in which the pool number of the security to be delivered on the settlement date is known at the time the trade is made. This is in contrast with the typical mortgage transaction, called a TBA (to be announced) transaction, in which the type of mortgage securities to be delivered is specified at the time of trade but the actual pool numbers of the securities that will be delivered are not known at the time of the trade. For example, in a TBA transaction an investor could purchase $1 million of 30-year FNMA 9% mortgages and receive up to three pools on the settlement date. The pool numbers of the pools to be delivered at settlement will be announced shortly before settlement takes place. The terms of the TBA trade may be made more specific if desired. For example, an investor may request pools with particular characteristics, such as those that were issued prior to January 1, 1990. The most detailed specification of the trade is to request that the pool number be known prior to purchase. In this case, the investor has entered into a specific pool transaction. Generally, agency pass-through mortgage-backed securities are traded on a TBA basis. The specific pool numbers of the securities purchased do not have to be determined at the time of the trade.
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Mortgage-backed securities have yield and maturity characteristics that are dependent on the mortgages underlying them. Thus, unlike traditional debt securities, which may pay a fixed rate of interest until maturity when the entire principal amount comes due, payments on these securities include both interest and a partial payment of principal. In addition to scheduled loan amortization, payments of principal may result from the voluntary prepayment, refinancing or foreclosure of the underlying mortgage loans. Such prepayments may significantly shorten the effective durations of mortgage-backed securities, especially during periods of declining interest rates. Similarly, during periods of rising interest rates, a reduction in the rate of prepayments may significantly lengthen the effective durations of such securities.
Investment in mortgage-backed securities poses several risks, including interest rate, prepayment, market, and credit risk. Interest rate risk reflects the risk that, as interest rates rise, the value of mortgage-backed securities generally can be expected to fall. Prepayment risk reflects the risk that borrowers may prepay their mortgages faster than expected, thereby affecting the investment’s average life and perhaps its yield. Whether or not a mortgage loan is prepaid is almost entirely controlled by the borrower. Borrowers are most likely to exercise prepayment options at the time when it is least advantageous to investors, generally prepaying mortgages as interest rates fall, and slowing payments as interest rates rise. Besides the effect of prevailing interest rates, the rate of prepayment and refinancing of mortgages may also be affected by home value appreciation, ease of the refinancing process and local economic conditions.
Market risk reflects the risk that the price of the security may fluctuate over time. The price of mortgage-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to prevailing interest rates, the length of time the security is expected to be outstanding, and the liquidity of the issue. In a period of unstable interest rates, there may be decreased demand for certain types of mortgage-backed securities, and a Fund invested in such securities wishing to sell them may find it difficult to find a buyer, which may in turn decrease the price at which they may be sold.
Credit risk reflects the risk that a Fund may not receive all or part of its principal because the issuer or credit enhancer has defaulted on its obligations. Obligations issued by U.S. Government-related agencies or instrumentalities may not be backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. The performance of private label mortgage-backed securities, issued by private institutions, is based on the financial health of those institutions.
The financial crisis in 2007—particularly the increase in delinquencies and defaults on residential mortgages, falling home prices, and unemployment—had adversely affected the market for mortgage-related securities. In addition, various market and governmental actions may impair the ability to foreclose on or exercise other remedies against underlying mortgage holders, or may reduce the amount received upon foreclosure. These factors may cause mortgage-related securities to experience lower valuations and reduced liquidity. There is also no assurance that the U.S. Government will take action to support the mortgage-related securities industry, as it has in the past, should the economy experience another downturn. Further, future legislative and other government actions may significantly alter the manner in which the mortgage-related securities market functions. Each of these factors could ultimately increase the risk that a Fund could realize losses on mortgage-related securities.
Mortgage Pass-Through Securities. Interests in pools of mortgage-related securities differ from other forms of debt securities, which normally provide for periodic payment of interest in fixed amounts with principal payments at maturity or specified call dates. Instead, these securities provide a monthly payment that consists of both interest and principal payments. In effect, these payments are a “pass-through” of the monthly payments made by the individual borrowers on their residential or commercial mortgage loans, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of such securities. Additional payments are caused by repayments of principal resulting from the sale of the underlying property, refinancing or foreclosure, net of fees or costs that may be incurred. Some mortgage-related securities (such as securities issued by the GNMA) are described as “modified pass-through.” These securities entitle the holder to receive all interest and principal payments owed on the mortgage pool, net of certain fees, at the scheduled payment dates regardless of whether or not the mortgagor actually makes the payment.
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The principal governmental guarantor of mortgage-related securities is the GNMA. GNMA is a wholly owned U.S. Government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. GNMA is authorized to guarantee, with the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government, the timely payment of principal and interest on securities issued by institutions approved by GNMA (such as savings and loan institutions, commercial banks and mortgage bankers) and backed by pools of Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”) insured or Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”) guaranteed mortgages. Government-related guarantors (i.e., not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include the FNMA and the FHLMC. FNMA is a government-sponsored corporation. FNMA purchases conventional (i.e., not insured or guaranteed by any government agency) residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers which include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations, mutual savings banks, commercial banks and credit unions and mortgage bankers. Pass-through securities issued by FNMA are guaranteed as to timely payment of principal and interest by FNMA but are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
FHLMC was created by Congress in 1970 for the purpose of increasing the availability of mortgage credit for residential housing. It is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the 12 Federal Home Loan Banks. FHLMC issues participation certificates (“PCs”) which represent interests in conventional mortgages from FHLMC’s national portfolio. FHLMC guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal, but PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (“FHFA”) placed FNMA and FHMLC into conservatorship. As the conservator, FHFA succeeded to all rights, titles, powers and privileges of FNMA and FHLMC and of any stockholder, officer or director of FNMA and FHLMC with respect to FNMA and FHLMC and the assets of FNMA and FHLMC. FHFA selected a new chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors for each of FNMA and FHLMC.
The FHFA has indicated that the conservatorship of each enterprise will end when the director of FHFA determines that FHFA’s plan to restore the enterprise to a safe and solvent condition has been completed. FNMA and FHLMC are continuing to operate as going concerns while in conservatorship and each remain liable for all of its obligations, including its guaranty obligations, associated with its mortgage-backed securities. The steps taken in connection with the conservatorship are both intended to enhance each of FNMA’s and FHLMC’s ability to meet its obligations.
Under the Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008 (the “Reform Act”), which was included as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, FHFA, as conservator or receiver, has the power to repudiate any contract entered into by FNMA or FHLMC prior to FHFA’s appointment as conservator or receiver, as applicable, if FHFA determines, in its sole discretion, that performance of the contract is burdensome and that repudiation of the contract promotes the orderly administration of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s affairs. The Reform Act requires FHFA to exercise its right to repudiate any contract within a reasonable period of time after its appointment as conservator or receiver.
FHFA, in its capacity as conservator, has indicated that it has no intention to repudiate the guaranty obligations of FNMA or FHLMC because FHFA views repudiation as incompatible with the goals of the conservatorship. However, in the event that FHFA, as conservator or if it is later appointed as receiver for FNMA or FHLMC, were to repudiate any such guaranty obligation, the conservatorship or receivership estate, as applicable, would be liable for actual direct compensatory damages in accordance with the provisions of the Reform Act. Any such liability could be satisfied only to the extent of FNMA’s or FHLMC’s assets available therefor.
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In the event of repudiation, the payments of interest to holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would be reduced if payments on the mortgage loans represented in the mortgage loan groups related to such mortgage-backed securities are not made by the borrowers or advanced by the servicer. Any actual direct compensatory damages for repudiating these guaranty obligations may not be sufficient to offset any shortfalls experienced by such mortgage-backed security holders.
Further, in its capacity as conservator or receiver, FHFA has the right to transfer or sell any asset or liability of FNMA or FHLMC without any approval, assignment or consent. Although FHFA has stated that it has no present intention to do so, if FHFA, as conservator or receiver, were to transfer any such guaranty obligation to another party, holders of FNMA or FHLMC mortgage-backed securities would have to rely on that party for satisfaction of the guaranty obligation and would be exposed to the credit risk of that party.
In addition, certain rights provided to holders of mortgage-backed securities issued by FNMA and FHLMC under the operative documents related to such securities may not be enforced against FHFA, or enforcement of such rights may be delayed, during the conservatorship or any future receivership. The operative documents for FNMA and FHLMC mortgage-backed securities may provide (or with respect to securities issued prior to the date of the appointment of the conservator may have provided) that upon the occurrence of an event of default on the part of FNMA or FHLMC, in its capacity as guarantor, which includes the appointment of a conservator or receiver, holders of such mortgage-backed securities have the right to replace FNMA or FHLMC as trustee if the requisite percentage of mortgage-backed securities holders consent. The Reform Act prevents mortgage-backed security holders from enforcing such rights if the event of default arises solely because a conservator or receiver has been appointed. The Reform Act also provides that no person may exercise any right or power to terminate, accelerate or declare an event of default under certain contracts to which FNMA or FHLMC is a party, or obtain possession of or exercise control over any property of FNMA or FHLMC, or affect any contractual rights of FNMA or FHLMC, without the approval of FHFA, as conservator or receiver, for a period of 45 or 90 days following the appointment of FHFA as conservator or receiver, respectively.
FHFA and the White House have made public statements regarding plans to consider ending the conservatorships of FNMA and FHLMC. In the event that FNMA and FHLMC are taken out of conservatorship, it is unclear how the capital structure of FNMA and FHLMC would be constructed and what effects, if any, there may be on FNMA’s and FHLMC’s creditworthiness and guarantees of certain mortgage-backed securities. It is also unclear whether the U.S. Treasury would continue to enforce its rights or perform its obligations related to senior preferred stock. Should FNMA’s and FHLMC’s conservatorship end, there could be an adverse impact on the value of their securities, which could cause losses to a Fund.
The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to FHLMC and FNMA and the issuance of senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of FHLMC and FNMA. FHLMC and FNMA must obtain the consent of the Treasury to, among other things, (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of FHLMC’s and FNMA’s respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage- backed securities, and the purchase agreements entered into by FHLMC and FNMA provide that the maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of FHLMC and FNMA could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on FHLMC and FNMA by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on FHLMC’s and FNMA’s operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the U.S. Treasury, market responses to developments at FHLMC and FNMA, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by FHLMC and FNMA, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by a Fund.
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Under the direction of the FHFA, FNMA and FHLMC have entered into a joint initiative to develop a common securitization platform for the issuance of a uniform mortgage-backed security (the “Single Security Initiative”) that aligns the characteristics of FNMA and FHLMC certificates. The Single Security Initiative seeks to support the overall liquidity of the TBA market. FNMA and FHLMC began issuing uniform mortgage-backed security in June 2019, and the effects it may have on the market for mortgage-backed securities are uncertain.
Commercial banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers and other secondary market issuers also create pass-through pools of conventional residential mortgage loans. Such issuers may, in addition, be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-related securities. Pools created by such nongovernmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or agency guarantees of payments in the former pools. However, timely payment of interest and principal of these pools may be supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance and letters of credit. The insurance and guarantees are issued by governmental entities, private insurers and the mortgage poolers. Such insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof will be considered in determining whether a mortgage-related security meets a Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that the private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under the insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. Although the market for such securities is becoming increasingly liquid, securities issued by certain private organizations may not be readily marketable.
The assets underlying mortgage-related securities may be represented by a portfolio of first lien residential mortgages (including both whole mortgage loans and mortgage participation interests) or portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities issued or guaranteed by GNMA, FNMA or FHLMC. Mortgage loans underlying a mortgage-related security may in turn be insured or guaranteed by the FHA or the VA. In the case of private issue mortgage-related securities whose underlying assets are neither U.S. Government securities nor U.S. Government-insured mortgages, to the extent that real properties securing such assets may be located in the same geographical region, the security may be subject to a greater risk of default than other comparable securities in the event of adverse economic, political or business developments that may affect such region and, ultimately, the ability of residential homeowners to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages.
Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMOs”). A CMO is a hybrid between a mortgage-backed bond and a mortgage pass-through security. Similar to a bond, interest and prepaid principal is paid, in most cases, semiannually. CMOs may be collateralized by whole mortgage loans, but are more typically collateralized by portfolios of mortgage pass-through securities guaranteed by GNMA, FHLMC or FNMA, and their income streams.
CMOs are structured into multiple classes, each bearing a different stated maturity. Actual maturity and average life will depend upon the prepayment experience of the collateral. CMOs provide for a modified form of call protection through a de facto breakdown of the underlying pool of mortgages according to how quickly the loans are repaid. Monthly payment of principal received from the pool of underlying mortgages, including prepayments, is first returned to investors holding the shortest maturity class. Investors holding the longer maturity classes receive principal only after the first class has been retired. An investor is partially guarded against a sooner than desired return of principal because of the sequential payments. In a typical CMO transaction, a corporation (“issuer”) issues multiple series (e.g., A, B, C, Z) of CMO bonds (“Bonds”). Proceeds of the Bond offering are used to purchase mortgages or mortgage pass-through certificates (“Collateral”). The Collateral is pledged to a third party trustee as security for the Bonds. Principal and interest payments from the Collateral are used to pay principal on the Bonds in the order A, B, C, Z. The Series A, B and C Bonds all bear current interest. Interest on the Series Z Bond is accrued and added to principal and a like amount is paid as principal on the Series A, B or C Bond currently being paid off. When the Series A, B and C Bonds are paid in full, interest and principal on the Series Z Bond begins to be paid currently. With some CMOs, the issuer serves as a conduit to allow loan originators (primarily builders or savings and loan associations) to borrow against their loan portfolios.
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FHLMC CMOs. FHLMC CMOs are debt obligations of FHLMC issued in multiple classes having different maturity dates that are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by FHLMC. Unlike FHLMC PCs, payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semiannually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semiannual payment date is determined in accordance with FHLMC’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which, in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual classes of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. Because of the “pass-through” nature of all principal payments received on the collateral pool in excess of FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund requirement, the rate at which principal of the CMOs is actually repaid is likely to be such that each class of bonds will be retired in advance of its scheduled maturity date.
If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet FHLMC’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, FHLMC agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds. Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the FHLMC CMOs are identical to those of FHLMC PCs. FHLMC has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
Other Mortgage-Related Securities. Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including CMO residuals or stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
CMO Residuals. CMO residuals are derivative mortgage securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
The cash flow generated by the mortgage assets underlying a series of CMOs is applied first to make required payments of principal and interest on the CMOs and second to pay the related administrative expenses of the issuer. The residual in a CMO structure generally represents the interest in any excess cash flow remaining after making the foregoing payments. Each payment of such excess cash flow to a holder of the related CMO residual represents income and/or a return of capital. The amount of residual cash flow resulting from a CMO will depend on, among other things, the characteristics of the mortgage assets, the coupon rate of each class of CMO, prevailing interest rates, the amount of administrative expenses and the prepayment experience on the mortgage assets. In particular, the yield to maturity on CMO residuals is extremely sensitive to prepayments on the related underlying mortgage assets, in the same manner as an interest-only (“IO”) class of stripped mortgage-backed securities. See “Other Mortgage-Related Securities -- Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities.” In addition, if a series of a CMO includes a class that bears interest at an adjustable rate, the yield to maturity on the related CMO residual will also be extremely sensitive to changes in the level of the index upon which interest rate adjustments are based. As described below with respect to stripped mortgage-backed securities, in certain circumstances a Fund may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in a CMO residual.
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CMO residuals are generally purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. CMO residuals currently may not have the liquidity of other more established securities trading in other markets. Transactions in CMO residuals are generally completed only after careful review of the characteristics of the securities in question. In addition, CMO residuals may or, pursuant to an exemption therefrom, may not have been registered under the 1933 Act. CMO residuals, whether or not registered under the 1933 Act, may be subject to certain restrictions on transferability and may be illiquid and subject to the limitation on illiquid investments.
Stripped Mortgage-Backed Securities (“SMBS”). SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or IO class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or PO class). The cash flow and yields on IO and PO classes can be extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on a Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Fund may fail to fully recoup its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
Although SMBS are typically purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be illiquid and subject to the limitation on illiquid investments.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Securities - Types of Credit Support. Mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. To lessen the effect of failure by obligors on underlying assets to make payments, such securities may contain elements of credit support. Such credit support falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection; and (ii) protection against losses resulting from ultimate default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to the provision of advances, generally by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the pass-through of payments due on the underlying pool occurs in a timely fashion. Protection against losses resulting from ultimate default enhances the likelihood of ultimate payment of the obligations on at least a portion of the assets in the pool. Such protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction or through a combination of such approaches. However, the Funds are subject to the credit risk of the person or entities providing the credit enhancements.
The ratings of mortgage-backed securities and asset-backed securities for which third-party credit enhancement provides liquidity protection or protection against losses from default are generally dependent upon the continued creditworthiness of the provider of the credit enhancement. The ratings of such securities could be subject to reduction in the event of deterioration in the creditworthiness of the credit enhancement provider even in cases where the delinquency and loss experience on the underlying pool of assets is better than expected.
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Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include “senior-subordinated securities” (multiple class securities with one or more classes subordinate to other classes as to the payment of principal thereof and interest thereon, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of “reserve funds” (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses) and “over-collateralization” (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceed those required to make payment of the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided for each issue is generally based on historical information with respect to the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquency or loss in excess of that which is anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in such a security.
OPERATIONAL RISK
The Funds’ investments or their service providers may be negatively impacted due to operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors and human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel, and errors caused by third-party service providers or trading counterparties. The use of certain investment strategies that involve manual or additional processing, such as over-the-counter derivatives, increases these risks. Although the Funds attempt to minimize such failures through controls and oversight, it is not possible to identify all of the operational risks that may affect a Fund or to develop processes and controls that completely eliminate or mitigate the occurrence of such failures. A Fund and its shareholders could be negatively impacted as a result.
In addition, the Funds rely on various sources to calculate their NAV. Therefore, each Fund is subject to certain operational risks associated with reliance on third party service providers and data sources. NAV calculation may be impacted by operational risks arising from factors such as failures in systems and technology. Such failures may result in delays in the calculation of a Fund’s NAV and/or the inability to calculate NAV over extended time periods. Each Fund may be unable to recover any losses associated with such failures.
PARTICIPATION NOTES, PARTICIPATORY, UNITARY AND OTHER STRUCTURES NOTES
The Funds may invest in participation notes, participatory notes, unitary and other similar structured notes (“Notes”). The Notes are participation interest notes that are issued by banks or broker-dealers and are designed to offer a return linked to a particular underlying equity, debt, currency or market (among other reference assets). If the Notes are held to maturity, the issuer would pay to, or receive from, the purchaser the difference between the nominal value of the underlying instrument at the time of purchase and that instrument’s value at maturity. The holder of a Note that is linked to a particular underlying security or instrument is usually entitled to receive any dividends paid in connection with that underlying security or instrument, but typically does not receive voting rights as it would if it directly owned the underlying security or instrument. Notes involve transaction costs and are typically used when a Fund is precluded from buying the underlying security by foreign market rules or other reasons. Investments in Notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying securities, instruments or markets that they seek to replicate. In addition, there can be no assurance that there will be a trading market for a Note or that the trading price of a Note will equal the underlying value of the security, instrument or market that it seeks to replicate. Due to liquidity and transfer restrictions, the secondary markets on which a Note is traded may be less liquid than the market for other securities, or may be completely illiquid, which may also affect the ability of a fund to accurately value a Note. Notes typically constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, which subjects a Fund that holds them to counterparty risk of the issuing bank of broker-dealer (or any guarantor) and this risk may be amplified if a Fund purchases Notes from only a small number of banks or broker-dealers. A Note may be indexed positively or negatively and, therefore, the appreciation of the underlying value of the security, instrument or market that it seeks to replicate can produce an increase or decrease in the principal and/or interest payments. Moreover, the rate of return on a Note can be determined by applying a multiplier to the performance of the underlying value of the security, instrument or market that it seeks to replicate (i.e., leveraged), which could magnify the possibility of gain and the risk of loss.
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REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS
The Funds may invest in repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. Government securities, U.S. Treasuries, certificates of deposit and certain bankers’ acceptances. Repurchase agreements are transactions by which a Fund purchases a security and simultaneously commits to resell that security to the seller (a bank or securities dealer) at an agreed upon price on an agreed upon date (usually within seven days of purchase). The resale price reflects the purchase price plus an agreed upon market rate of interest which is unrelated to the coupon rate or date of maturity of the purchased security. Repurchase agreements involve certain risks not associated with direct investments in the underlying securities. In the event of a default or bankruptcy by the seller, a Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. The exercise of a Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the Fund could suffer a loss. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans by an investment company under the 1940 Act. Repurchase agreements involving obligations other than U.S. Government Securities (such as commercial paper, corporate bonds, mortgage loans, and equities) may be subject to special risks and may not have the benefit of certain protections in the event of the counterparty’s insolvency.
The use of repurchase agreements involves certain risks. For example, if the seller of the agreements defaults on its obligation to repurchase the underlying securities at a time when the value of these securities has declined, a Fund may incur a loss upon disposition of them. If the seller of the agreement becomes insolvent and subject to liquidation or reorganization under the Bankruptcy Code or other laws, a bankruptcy court may determine that the underlying securities are collateral not within the control of a Fund and therefore subject to sale by the trustee in bankruptcy. Finally, it is possible that a Fund may not be able to substantiate its interest in the underlying securities. While the management of the Trust acknowledges these risks, they will attempt to control such risks through stringent security selection criteria and careful monitoring procedures.
RISKS OF QUALIFIED FINANCIAL CONTRACTS
Regulations adopted by federal banking regulators under the Dodd-Frank Act require that certain qualified financial contracts (“QFCs”) with counterparties that are part of U.S. or foreign global systemically important banking organizations be amended to include contractual restrictions on close-out and cross-default rights. QFCs include, but are not limited to, securities contracts, commodities contracts, forward contracts, repurchase agreements, and swap agreements, as well as related master agreements, security agreements, credit enhancements, and reimbursement obligations. If a covered counterparty of a Fund or certain of the covered counterparty’s affiliates were to become subject to certain insolvency proceedings, the Fund may be temporarily unable to exercise certain default rights, and the QFC may be transferred to another entity. These requirements may impact a Fund’s credit and counterparty risks.
SHORT SALES
The Funds may make short sales of securities as part of their overall portfolio management strategies involving the use of derivative instruments and to offset potential declines in long positions in similar securities. A short sale is a transaction in which a Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline.
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When a Fund makes a short sale, it will often borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. In connection with short sales of securities, the Fund may pay a fee to borrow securities or maintain an arrangement with a broker to borrow securities, and is often obligated to pay over any accrued interest and dividends on such borrowed securities.
If the price of the security sold short increases between the time of the short sale and the time that a Fund replaces the borrowed security, a Fund will incur a loss; conversely, if the price declines, a Fund will realize a capital gain. Any gain will be decreased, and any loss increased, by the transaction costs described above. The successful use of short selling may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the security sold short and the securities being hedged.
To the extent that a Fund engages in short sales, it will provide collateral to the broker-dealer and (except in the case of short sales “against the box”) will maintain additional asset coverage in the form of segregated or “earmarked” assets that the Adviser determines to be liquid in accordance with procedures established by the Board and that is equal to the current market value of the securities sold short, or will ensure that such positions are covered by “offsetting” positions, until a Fund replaces the borrowed security. A short sale is “against the box” to the extent that a Fund contemporaneously owns, or has the right to obtain at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. A Fund will engage in short selling to the extent permitted by the federal securities laws and rules and interpretations thereunder. To the extent a Fund engages in short selling in foreign (non-U.S.) jurisdictions, the Fund will do so to the extent permitted by the laws and regulations of such jurisdiction.
SHORT-TERM TRADING
The Funds may engage in short-term trading. Although the Funds will not make a practice of short-term trading, purchases and sales of securities will be made whenever necessary or desirable in the management’s view to achieve the investment objective of a Fund. A change in the securities held by a Fund is known as “portfolio turnover.” Management does not expect that in pursuing a Fund’s investment objective unusual portfolio turnover will be required and intends to keep turnover to a minimum consistent with each Fund’s investment objective. The trading costs and tax effects associated with portfolio turnover may adversely affect a Fund’s performance. The management believes unsettled market economic conditions during certain periods require greater portfolio turnover in pursuing a Fund’s investment objectives than would otherwise be the case. A higher incidence of portfolio turnover will result in greater transaction costs to a Fund.
SUKUK
The Funds may invest in Sukuk. Foreign and emerging market securities include Sukuk. Sukuk are financial certificates that are similar to bonds but are structured to comply with Shariah law and its investment principles, which, inter alia, prohibit charging or paying interest. Sukuk represent undivided shares in the ownership of certificates and such certificates are linked to a specific investment activity including, but not limited to, tangible assets or the contractual payment obligations of the Sukuk issuer. Generally, issuers of Sukuk include, but are not limited to, international financial institutions, foreign governments and agencies of foreign governments who issue the Sukuk through a secondary issuing vehicle such as a special purpose vehicle. For Sukuk linked to a tangible asset, the Sukuk issuer and/or issuing vehicle maintains title to the underlying asset or pool of assets (“the Underlying Asset”), and the Sukuk certificate represents an interest in the Underlying Asset. Accordingly, the income or periodic payments to the investor comes from a share in revenues generated from the Underlying Asset, not from interest on the investor’s money for the Sukuk. For Sukuk that are not linked to a tangible asset, the Sukuk certificate represents a contractual payment obligation of the issuer or issuing vehicle to pay income or periodic payments to the investor and such contractual payment obligation is linked to the issuer or issuing vehicle and not from interest on the investor’s money for the Sukuk. The issuer and/or issuing vehicle of the Sukuk agrees in advance in the Sukuk base prospectus to repurchase the Sukuk from the investor on a certain date at a certain price.
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No collateral, including the Underlying Asset, is pledged as security for the Sukuk. As unsecured investments, Sukuk are backed only by the credit of the issuer or issuing vehicle, which may be a special purpose vehicle that holds no other assets. Sukuk are thus subject to the risk that the issuer or issuing vehicle may not be able to repurchase the Sukuk at the agreed upon date for the agreed upon price, if at all. Furthermore, since the purchasers of Sukuk are investing in an instrument with income or periodic payments linked to the Underlying Asset, investors are subject to the risk that the Underlying Asset may not perform as expected, and the flow of income from the investments may be slower than expected or may cease altogether. In the case that the Sukuk is not linked to an Underlying Asset but instead a contractual obligation of the issuer to pay income or periodic payments, the purchase of Sukuk are subject to the credit risk of the issuer. Sukuk are also subject to the risks associated with developing and emerging market economies, which include, among others, inconsistent accounting and legal principles.
The process to resolve a default on Sukuk may take longer than resolving a default on conventional bonds. It is possible that interpretations of Shariah law by courts or scholars can evolve in ways that may affect the free transferability of Sukuk. In that event, a Fund may be required to hold its Sukuk for longer than intended, even if the condition and value of the Underlying Asset deteriorates or if creditworthiness of the issuer or issuing vehicles deteriorates.
While the Sukuk market has grown significantly in recent years, there may be times when the market is illiquid and it is difficult for the Funds to make an investment in or dispose of Sukuk. Unlike conventional bonds, Sukuk are generally held to maturity and trading is limited to the primary market. Furthermore, the global Sukuk market is significantly smaller than conventional bond markets, and restrictions imposed by the Shariah board of the issuing entity may limit the investable universe of the Funds.
U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES
The Funds may invest in U.S. Government securities to the extent set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI. U.S. Government securities include bills, notes, and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and securities issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government.
Some U.S. Government securities are supported by the direct full faith and credit pledge of the U.S. Government; others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; others, such as securities issued by the FNMA, are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agencies’ obligations; and others are supported only by the credit of the issuing or guaranteeing instrumentality. There is no assurance that the U.S. Government will be able or willing to repay any principal or interest when due or will provide financial support to a U.S. Government agency, authority, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise when it is not obligated by law to do so.
WARRANTS
The Funds may purchase or sell warrants. A warrant is an instrument issued by a corporation that gives the holder the right to subscribe to a specific amount of the corporation’s capital stock at a set price for a specified period of time. Warrants do not represent ownership of the securities, but only the right to buy the securities. The prices of warrants do not necessarily move parallel to the prices of underlying securities. Warrants may be considered speculative in that they have no voting rights, pay no dividends, and have no rights with respect to the assets of a corporation issuing them. Once a warrant expires, it has no value in the market. Warrant positions will not be used to increase the leverage of a Fund. Consequently, warrant positions are generally accompanied by cash positions equivalent to the required exercise amount.
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WHEN-ISSUED AND DELAYED-DELIVERY SECURITIES
The Funds may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued or delayed-delivery basis. For example, delivery of and payment for these securities can take place a month or more after the date of the transaction. The when-issued securities are subject to market fluctuation and no interest accrues to the purchaser during this period. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the securities are each fixed at the time the purchaser enters into the commitment. Purchasing on a when-issued basis is a form of leveraging and can involve a risk that the yields available in the market when the delivery takes place may actually be higher than those obtained in the transaction itself in which case there could be an unrealized loss at the time of delivery. If the other party to a when-issued transaction fails to deliver or pay for the security, a Fund could miss a favorable price or yield opportunity or suffer a loss.
The Funds may invest in “when-issued” municipal obligations. New issues of municipal obligations may be offered on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis. The payment obligation and the interest rate that will be received on the municipal obligations offered on this basis are each fixed at the time a Fund commits to the purchase, although settlement, i.e., delivery of and payment for the municipal obligations, takes place beyond customary settlement time (but normally within 45 days of the commitment). Between the time a Fund commits to purchase the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligation and the time delivery and payment are made, the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligation is treated as an asset of the Fund and the amount that the Fund is committed to pay for that municipal obligation is treated as a liability of the Fund. No interest on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligation is accrued by a Fund until delivery occurs. Although a Fund only makes commitments to purchase “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligations with the intention of actually acquiring them, the Fund may sell these obligations before the settlement date if deemed advisable by the Adviser.
Purchasing municipal obligations on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis can involve a risk that the yields available in the market on the settlement date may actually be higher (or lower) than those obtained in the transaction itself and, as a result, the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligation may have a lesser (or greater) value at the time of settlement than a Fund’s payment obligation with respect to that municipal obligation. Furthermore, if a Fund sells the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” municipal obligation before the settlement date or if a Fund sells other obligations from the Fund’s portfolio in order to meet the payment obligations, the Fund may realize a capital gain, which is not exempt from federal income taxation.
Municipal obligations purchased on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis and the securities held in a Fund’s portfolio are subject to changes in value (both generally changing in the same way, that is, both experiencing appreciation when interest rates decline and depreciation when interest rates rise) based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, real or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. In order to invest a Fund’s assets immediately, while awaiting delivery of securities purchased on a “when-issued” or “forward delivery” basis, short-term obligations that offer same day settlement and earnings normally are purchased. Although short-term investments normally are in tax-exempt securities, short-term taxable securities may be purchased if suitable short-term tax-exempt securities are not available. At the time a Fund enters into a transaction on a “when-issued” or forward delivery basis, it will segregate cash, cash equivalents or high quality debt securities equal to the amount of the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” commitment. For the purpose of determining the adequacy of the securities segregated, the securities are valued at market value. If the market value of such securities declines, additional cash or high quality debt securities are segregated daily so that the value of the segregated securities equals the amount of a Fund’s commitments. On the settlement date of the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” securities, a Fund’s obligations are met from then-available cash flow, sale of segregated securities, sale of other securities or, although not normally expected, from sale of the “when-issued” or “forward delivery” securities themselves (which may have a value greater or lesser than a Fund’s payment obligations).
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ZERO COUPON OBLIGATIONS
The Funds may invest in zero coupon obligations, which are fixed income securities that do not make regular interest payments. Instead, zero coupon obligations are sold at substantial discounts from their face value. A Fund will accrue income on these investments for tax and accounting purposes, which is distributable to shareholders and which, because no cash is received at the time of accrual, may require the liquidation of other portfolio securities to satisfy a Fund’s distribution obligations, in which case the Fund will forego the purchase of additional income-producing assets with these funds. The difference between a zero coupon obligation’s issue or purchase price and its face value represents the imputed interest an investor will earn if the obligation is held until maturity. Zero coupon obligations may offer investors the opportunity to earn higher yields than those available on ordinary interest-paying obligations of similar credit quality and maturity. However, zero coupon obligation prices may also exhibit greater price volatility than ordinary fixed income securities because of the manner in which their principal and interest are returned to the investor.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER
For the purposes of this section, the term “Adviser” also includes the Subadviser for the Strategic Income Fund.
The Adviser manages each Fund generally without regard to restrictions on portfolio turnover. In general, a Fund will not trade for short-term profits, but when circumstances warrant, investments may be sold without regard to the length of time held. The primary consideration in placing portfolio security transactions with broker-dealers for execution is to obtain, and maintain the availability of, execution at the most favorable prices and in the most effective manner possible. The Adviser engages in portfolio trading for a Fund if it believes a transaction net of costs (including custodian charges) will help achieve the investment objective of the Fund. In managing a Fund’s portfolio, the Adviser seeks to take advantage of market developments, yield disparities and variations in the creditworthiness of issuers. Expenses to each Fund, including brokerage commissions, and the realization of capital gains that are taxable to the Fund’s shareholders tend to increase as the portfolio turnover increases.
For the fiscal periods ended October 31, 2019 and October 31, 2018, the portfolio turnover rate for each Fund was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 |
| High Yield Fund* | 76% | 50% |
| Strategic Income Fund* | 104% | 51% |
| * There was a significant increase in portfolio turnover due to a change in the Fund’s strategy. | ||
If a Fund has a high portfolio turnover rate (e.g., 100% or more), transaction costs incurred by the Fund, and the realized capital gains and losses may be greater than those of a Fund with a lesser portfolio turnover rate. See “Portfolio Transactions” and “Tax Matters.”
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
For the purposes of this section, the term “Adviser” also includes the Subadviser for the Strategic Income Fund.
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The Adviser is primarily responsible for portfolio decisions and the placing of portfolio transactions. The Trust has no obligation to deal with any broker-dealer or group of broker-dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities for the Funds. Allocation of transactions, including their frequency, to various broker-dealers is determined by the Adviser in its best judgment and in a manner deemed to be in the best interest of each Fund’s shareholders rather than by any formula. In placing orders for each Fund, the primary consideration is prompt execution of orders in an effective manner at the most favorable price, although each Fund does not necessarily pay the lowest spread or commission available. Other factors taken into consideration are the dealer’s general execution and operational facilities, the type of transaction involved and other factors such as the dealer’s risk in positioning the securities. To the extent consistent with applicable legal requirements, the Adviser may place orders for the purchase and sale of investments for a Fund with a broker-dealer affiliate of the Adviser.
The Adviser may, in circumstances in which two or more broker-dealers are in a position to offer comparable results, and subject to certain conditions, give preference to a broker-dealer that has provided statistical or other research services to the Adviser. By allocating transactions in this manner, the Adviser is able to supplement its research and analysis with the views and information of securities firms. These services, which in some cases may also be purchased for cash, include such matters as general economic and security market reviews, industry and company reviews, evaluations of securities and recommendations as to the purchase and sale of securities. Some of these services are of value to the Adviser in advising several of its clients (including the Funds), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing each Fund. The management fee paid from each Fund is not reduced because the Adviser and its affiliates receive such services.
Generally, fixed income securities and money market securities are traded on a principal basis and do not involve brokerage commissions. Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with HSBC Bank USA, N.A. (“HSBC Bank”), the Adviser, a Fund or Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (“Foreside” or “Distributor”) are generally prohibited from dealing with a Fund as a principal in the purchase and sale of securities. A Fund may purchase securities from underwriting syndicates of which the Distributor or other affiliate is a member under certain conditions in accordance with the provisions of a rule adopted under the 1940 Act. Under the 1940 Act, persons affiliated with the Adviser, a Fund or the Distributor may act as a broker for the Fund. In order for such persons to effect any portfolio transactions for a Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by such persons must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remunerations paid to other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold on an exchange during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow the affiliate to receive no more than the remuneration that would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arms-length transaction. The Trustees of the Trust regularly review any commissions paid by the Funds to affiliated brokers. Unless authorized by law, the Funds will not do business with nor pay commissions to affiliates of the Adviser in any portfolio transactions where they act as principal. These restrictions may preclude the Funds from purchasing or selling, or may limit the Funds’ purchase and sale of, certain securities, particularly in Asian markets in which affiliates of the Adviser are active brokers or dealers with large market shares, including markets in which the Funds may invest. Moreover, these restrictions could potentially have an impact on a Fund’s performance and liquidity of portfolio holdings.
As permitted by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “1934 Act”), the Adviser may cause a Fund to pay a broker-dealer which provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined in the 1934 Act) to the Adviser an amount of commission for effecting a securities transaction for a Fund in excess of the commission which another broker-dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction, provided the Adviser determines in good faith that the greater commission is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the executing broker-dealer viewed in terms of either a particular transaction or its respective overall responsibilities to the Fund or to its other clients. Not all of such services are useful or of value in advising each Fund.
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The European Union’s Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (“MiFID II”), which became effective January 3, 2018, requires investment managers and their clients that are regulated under MiFID II to pay for research services separately from trade execution services, either through their own resources or a research payment account funded by a specific charge to a client. MiFID II will restrict the use of soft dollars by affected investment managers. MiFID II’s research requirements present various compliance and operational considerations for investment advisers and broker-dealers serving clients in both the United States and the EU.
The term “brokerage and research services” includes advice as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in, purchasing, or selling securities, and the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities; furnishing analyses and reports concerning issues, industries, securities, economic factors and trends, portfolio strategy and the performance of accounts; and effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. Although commissions paid on every transaction will, in the judgment of the Adviser, be reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage services provided, commissions exceeding those which another broker might charge may be paid to broker-dealers who were selected to execute transactions on behalf of the Funds and the Adviser’s other clients in part for providing advice as to the availability of securities or of purchasers or sellers of securities and services in effecting securities transactions and performing functions incidental thereto, such as clearance and settlement. The SEC has published interpretative guidance that tightened previously existing standards concerning the types of expenses that qualify for the Section 28(e) safe harbor and set forth certain steps that investment advisers would need to take in order to ensure such qualification.
Investment decisions for each Fund and for the other investment advisory clients of the Adviser are made with a view to achieving their respective investment objectives. Investment decisions are the product of many factors in addition to basic suitability for the particular client involved. Thus, a particular security may be bought for certain clients even though it could have been sold for other clients at the same time, and a particular security may be sold for certain clients even though it could have been bought for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling that same security. In some instances, one client may sell a particular security to another client. Two or more clients may simultaneously purchase or sell the same security, in which event each day’s transactions in that security are, insofar as practicable, averaged as to price and allocated between such clients in a manner which in the Adviser’s opinion is equitable to each and in accordance with the amount being purchased or sold by each. In addition, when purchases or sales of the same security for a Fund and for other clients of the Adviser occur contemporaneously, the purchase or sale orders may be aggregated in order to obtain any price advantage available to large denomination purchases or sales. There may be circumstances when purchases or sales of portfolio securities for one or more clients will have an adverse effect on other clients in terms of the price paid or received or of the size of the position obtainable. It is recognized that, in some cases, this system could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security as far as a Fund is concerned. In other cases, however, the Adviser believes that the Funds’ ability to participate in volume transactions will produce better executions for the Funds.
The Board has adopted a policy to ensure compliance with Rule 12b-1(h) under the 1940 Act in the selection of broker-dealers to execute portfolio transactions for the Funds. Generally, Rule 12b-1(h) prohibits the Funds from compensating a broker-dealer for promotion or sale of Fund shares by directing to the broker-dealer securities transactions or remuneration received or to be received from such portfolio securities transactions.
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Because the Funds invest primarily in fixed income securities, it is anticipated that most purchases and sales will be with the issuer or with underwriters of or dealers in those securities, acting as principal. Accordingly, the Funds would not ordinarily pay significant brokerage commissions with respect to their securities transactions.
In the United States and in some other countries debt securities are traded principally in the over-the-counter market on a net basis through dealers acting for their own account and not as brokers. In other countries, both debt and equity securities are traded on exchanges at fixed commission rates. The cost of securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriter’s commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased and sold from and to dealers include a dealer’s mark-up or mark-down. The Adviser normally seeks to deal directly with the primary market makers or on major exchanges unless, in its opinion, better prices are available elsewhere. Subject to the requirement of seeking best execution, securities may, as authorized by each Fund’s investment advisory contract, be bought from or sold to dealers who have furnished statistical, research and other information or services to the Adviser. At present, no arrangements for the recapture of commission payments are in effect.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Funds paid aggregate brokerage commissions as shown in the following table:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $26 | $21 | $0 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $56 | $142 | $2 |
During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the Funds acquired securities issued by their regular brokers or dealers, or their parent companies, as reflected in the table below. The following shows the aggregate holdings of the securities of each such issuer as of October 31, 2019. (For these purposes a regular broker or dealer includes any of the (a) ten brokers or dealers that received the greatest dollar amount of brokerage commissions by virtue of direct or indirect participation in the Trust’s portfolio transactions during its most recent fiscal year, (b) ten brokers or dealers that engaged as principal in the largest dollar amount of portfolio transactions of the Trust during its most recent fiscal year, or (c) ten brokers or dealers that sold the largest dollar amount of securities of the Funds during the Trust’s most recent fiscal year.)
| Fund | BNP Paribas | Goldman Sachs |
J.P. Morgan |
Wells
Fargo & Co. |
| High Yield Fund | $0 | $0 | $1,267,955 | $0 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $248,968 | $165,041 | $43,913 | $27,338 |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board has adopted policies and procedures relating to disclosure of the Trust’s portfolio securities (the “Policy”). The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of holdings information where necessary to the Trust’s operation or useful to the Trust’s shareholders without compromising the integrity or performance of the Trust. Disclosure of information regarding the portfolio holdings of the Funds occurs only upon the determination, by the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”), that such disclosure is in the best interests of the Funds’ shareholders and that it does not present a conflict of interest between the shareholders and the Adviser, principal underwriter, or any affiliated person of the Funds, the Adviser, its principal underwriter or any subadviser of the Funds.
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Pursuant to applicable law, the Trust is required to disclose its complete portfolio holdings quarterly, within 60 days of the end of each fiscal quarter. The Trust discloses a complete schedule of investments in each Semi-Annual Report and Annual Report to Shareholders. Semi-Annual and Annual Reports are distributed to shareholders and are also available, free of charge, on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s website at https://www.sec.gov and on the Trust’s website at https://investorfunds.us.hsbc.com.
The Funds also file their portfolio holdings information for each month in a fiscal quarter within 60 days after the end of the relevant fiscal quarter with the SEC on Form N-PORT. Portfolio holdings information for the third month of each quarter is publicly available within 60 days of the end of the quarter at the websites listed above. The Trust’s website also provides information about each Fund’s top 10 holdings, sector holdings and other characteristics data as of the end of the most recent month. The Trust may publish the Funds’ full portfolio holdings thirty (30) days after the end of each month. This information is available until updated as of the following month. The information on the Trust’s website is publicly available to all categories of persons.
The Trust or the Adviser may share non-public holdings information of the Trust sooner than 60 days of the end of the fiscal quarter with the Adviser and other service providers to the Trust (including the Trust’s custodian, the Sub-Administrator; and pricing services such as FT Interactive). In addition, the Trust may share non-public holdings information with mutual fund ranking and NRSROs, including Standard & Poor’s Corporation, Morningstar, Lipper Analytical Services, FactSet, Fitch Ratings, Inc. and Bloomberg L.P. These service providers and other entities owe contractual, fiduciary, or other legal duties of confidentiality to the Trust or the Adviser that foster reasonable expectations that holdings information will not be misused. The Trust’s officers may authorize disclosure of the Trust’s holdings portfolio information to service providers where such service provider needs information to fulfill its duties.
The Trust may also disclose information about portfolio holdings to mutual fund evaluation services that agree not to disclose the information to third parties and that enter into a Confidentiality Agreement. Such Confidentiality Agreement provides, among other things, that non-public portfolio holdings information will be kept confidential and that such information will be used solely for the purpose of analysis and evaluation of the portfolio. Disclosures may be made to other third parties under a Confidentiality Agreement satisfactory to Fund counsel and the Trust’s CCO. The Confidentiality Agreement prohibits anyone in possession of non-public holdings information from purchasing or selling securities based on such information, or from disclosing such information to other persons, except for those who are actually engaged in, and need to know, such information to perform services for the portfolio.
Currently, the Trust has arrangements to provide additional disclosure of holdings information to the following evaluation services: Lipper Analytical Services (10 days after the end of each month), Morningstar (5 business days after the end of each month), Bloomberg L.P. (60 days after the end of each quarter), FactSet (daily), Fitch Ratings, Inc. (two times per month) and Standard & Poor’s Corporation (between 3-5 days after the end of each week).
No compensation or other consideration is paid to or received by any party in connection with the disclosure of holdings information, including the Trust, the Adviser and its affiliates.
Pursuant to the Policy, the CCO may authorize exceptions and allow disclosures under other circumstances he or she deems appropriate. In addition, a Fund may disclose its holdings, as appropriate, in conformity with the foregoing principles. Compliance with the Policy (including the use of the portfolio holdings information) will be monitored by the CCO or his or her designee on a regular basis, and any violations constituting a “Material Compliance Matter” as defined under Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act will be reported by the CCO to the Board.
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INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
The Trust, with respect to each Fund, has adopted certain fundamental and non-fundamental investment restrictions. Fundamental investment restrictions may not be changed without approval by holders of a “majority of the outstanding voting securities” of a Fund. The term “majority of the outstanding voting securities” as used in this SAI means the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the outstanding “voting securities” of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities” are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding “voting securities.” The term “voting securities” as used in this paragraph has the same meaning as in the 1940 Act.
ALL FUNDS
NON-FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
Each of the Funds is subject to the following non-fundamental restrictions, in addition to the fundamental restrictions set forth below:
1. The Fund may not purchase on margin, except for use of short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities, but it may make margin deposits in connection with transactions in options, futures, and options on futures.
2. The Fund may not sell securities short, unless it owns or has the right to obtain securities equivalent in kind and amount to the securities sold short, and provided that transactions in options and futures contracts are not deemed to constitute short sales of securities, except under such conditions as may be set forth in the Prospectus and in this SAI.
3. The Fund may not invest in securities of any registered investment company except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act generally or in accordance with any exemptive order granted to the Trust by the SEC.
4. The Fund may not directly purchase securities or other instruments issued by companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines. The Adviser uses the definitions within the 1997 Mine Ban Treaty and the 2008 Convention on Cluster Bombs for guidance and implementation. The Fund may purchase securities of registered investment companies, ETNs or other pooled vehicles that invest in companies that manufacture cluster munitions or anti-personnel mines.
FUNDAMENTAL INVESTMENT RESTRICTIONS
As a matter of fundamental policy, each Fund may (except that none of the following investment restrictions shall prevent the Funds from investing all of their assets in separate registered investment companies with substantially the same investment objectives):
1. borrow money to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
2. issue any senior securities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
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3. not act as an underwriter of securities issued by others, except to the extent it could be considered an underwriter in the acquisition and disposition of restricted securities;
4. not “concentrate” its investments in any one industry (excluding the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and repurchase agreements collateralized by such investments), except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
5. purchase or sell real estate or any interest therein (such as securities or instruments backed by or related to real estate) to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder;
6. purchase or sell commodities, including physical commodities, or contracts, instruments and interests relating to commodities to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder; and
7. make loans to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder.
For each Fund, the Adviser or Subadviser may analyze the characteristics of a particular issuer and security and assign an industry classification consistent with those characteristics in the event that either a third-party classification provider used by the Adviser or Subadviser or another fund service provider does not assign a classification or assigns a classification inconsistent with that believed appropriate by the Adviser or Subadviser based on their analysis of the economic characteristics of the issuer.
PERCENTAGE AND RATING RESTRICTIONS
If a percentage restriction or a rating restriction on investment or utilization of assets set forth above or referred to in a Fund’s Prospectus is adhered to at the time an investment is made or assets are so utilized, a later change in percentage resulting from changes in the value of the securities held by a Fund or a later change in the rating of a security held by a Fund is not considered a violation of policy. However, the Adviser will consider such change in its determination of whether to continue to hold the security and provided further, that the Adviser will take appropriate steps, which may include the disposition of portfolio securities, as may be necessary to satisfy the applicable requirements of the 1940 Act and/or the rules thereunder with respect to the Fund’s investments in illiquid investments or any borrowings by the Fund.
MANAGEMENT OF THE TRUST
BOARD OF TRUSTEES
Overall responsibility for management of HSBC Funds (the “Trust”) rests with the Board of Trustees (the “Board”). The Trustees elect the officers of the Trust and appoint service providers to manage the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trustees meet regularly to discuss and consider matters concerning the Trust and to oversee the Trust’s activities, including the investment performance of the Funds and the operation of the Trust’s compliance program, and to evaluate and address potential conflicts and risks associated with the Trust’s activities.
Board Composition And Leadership Structure
The Trust has a Board of Trustees. The Board consists of five Trustees, four of whom are not “interested persons” (as that term is defined by Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Trust (the “Independent Trustees”), and one of whom is an “interested person” of the Trust (the “Interested Trustee”) by virtue of her employment with the Adviser. The Board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Trust’s investment activities. The Board elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Trust’s day-to-day operations. The Trust enters into agreements with various entities to manage the day-to-day operations of the Trust, including with the Adviser, the Subadvisers (as applicable), the administrator, the transfer agent, the distributor and the custodian. The Board is responsible for selecting these service providers (based on the recommendation of the Adviser), approving the terms of their contracts with the Trust and exercising general oversight of these service providers on an ongoing basis.
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The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, is an Independent Trustee, and, among other duties and responsibilities, serves as a point person for communications between the Trustees and the Trust’s management. The Trustees interact directly with the Chairman, Chairs of the Trust’s standing Committees, each other, the Trust’s officers, and senior management of the Adviser and other service providers of the Trust at scheduled meetings and between meetings, as appropriate.
The Board has established the following standing committees: the Audit and Compliance Committee; the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee; and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee (the “Committees”) to facilitate the Trustees’ effective oversight of the management of those aspects of the Trust’s operations. Each Committee has a Chair, who is an Independent Trustee. Each Committee’s responsibilities are discussed in greater detail below. By assigning areas of responsibility to committees of Trustees, and to the full Board, the Board’s leadership structure enables it to exercise informed and independent judgment over the matters within its purview.
Board’s Role In Risk Oversight Of The Trust
The Board, as a whole, considers risk management issues as part of its general oversight responsibilities throughout the year at regular Board meetings, as does each Committee of the Trust. The Board and its Committees consider risk management through, among other things, regular reports that have been developed by management, in consultation with the Board, its Committees, and counsel. These reports address investment, valuation, liquidity, operations, and compliance matters. The Board may also receive special written reports or presentations on cybersecurity and a variety of other risk issues, either upon request or upon the Adviser’s initiative. In addition, the Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee of the Board meets regularly with the Adviser’s internal risk department and Fund Pricing Group to review reports on their examinations of liquidity risks and their fair value determinations, respectively, on the Funds’ investment portfolios.
With respect to investment risk, the Board receives regular written reports describing and analyzing the investment performance of the Funds, which may include the comparison of the Funds’ performance to their respective benchmarks and/or peer groups when applicable. In addition, investment personnel for the Funds meet regularly with the Board to discuss Fund performance, including investment risk, liquidity and market updates. Also, to the extent that a Fund changes a particular investment strategy or invests in a new type of security that could have a material effect on the Fund’s risk profile, the Board generally is consulted.
With respect to valuation, the Board receives regular written reports summarizing the discussions from the Adviser’s internal Pricing and Valuation Committee meetings. The Board receives regular written reports that enable it to monitor the number of fair valued securities in a particular Fund, the reasons for the fair valuation and the methodology used to arrive at the fair value. In addition, the Trust’s Audit and Compliance Committee reviews certain valuation matters with the Funds’ Treasurer and the Trust’s independent auditors in connection with the Committee’s review of the results of the audit of the Funds’ annual financial statements.
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With respect to liquidity, the Trust has implemented a liquidity risk management program on behalf of the non-money market Funds (the “Liquidity Program”) that is designed to assess and manage each Fund’s liquidity risk. The Board has designated the Fund Liquidity Review Group to administer the Liquidity Program. The Fund Liquidity Review Group is comprised of representatives from the Adviser’s investment, risk, operations, and compliance teams. Under the Liquidity Program the Board will review periodic reports concerning Fund liquidity and review, no less frequently than annually, a written report prepared by the Fund Liquidity Review Group that addresses the operation of the Liquidity Program and assesses its adequacy and effectiveness.
With respect to compliance risks, the Board and the Audit and Compliance Committee receive regular compliance reports and meets regularly with the CCO to discuss compliance issues, including compliance risks. In accordance with SEC rules, the Independent Trustees meet regularly in executive session with the CCO, and the CCO prepares and presents an annual written compliance report to the Board. The Board also meets regularly with the Chief Compliance Officer of the Adviser. The Board adopts compliance policies and procedures for the Trust and approves such procedures of certain of the Trust’s service providers, such as the Adviser and the Subadviser (as applicable). The compliance policies and procedures are specifically designed to detect and prevent violations of the federal securities laws.
Qualifications Of The Trustees
The names of the Trustees, their addresses, ages, positions held with the Trust, principal occupation(s) during the past five years, number of portfolios in the fund complex overseen, and other directorships held by each Trustee are set forth below.
TRUSTEES
| Name(1) | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) |
Other Directorships Held By Trustee During the Past 5 Years(3) |
| Independent Trustees | |||||
Thomas F. Robards |
Trustee and Chairman |
2005 to present |
Private Investor (2003 – present) |
8 |
Ellington Residential Mortgage REIT (NYSE listed real estate investment trust) (2013 – present); and Ellington Financial Inc. (NYSE listed financial services company) (2007 – present) |
Marcia L. Beck |
Trustee |
2008 to present |
Private Investor (1999 – present) |
8 |
None |
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| Name(1) | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Portfolios in Fund Complex Overseen by Trustee(2) |
Other Directorships Held By Trustee During the Past 5 Years(3) |
Susan C. Gause |
Trustee |
2013 to present |
Private Investor |
8 |
Metropolitan Series Fund (2012 – present); and Met Investors Series Trust (2008 – present) |
Susan S. Huang |
Trustee |
2008 to present |
Private Investor (2000 – present) |
8 |
None |
|
Interested Trustee | |||||
Deborah A. Hazell(4) |
Trustee |
2011 to present |
Director and Chief Executive Officer, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2011 – present) |
8 |
None |
| (1) | Each Independent Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691, Attn: Richard A. Fabietti. Ms. Hazell may be contacted by writing to 452 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10018. | |
| (2) | The “Fund Complex” is comprised of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds. | |
| (3) | This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (i.e., “public companies”) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. | |
| (4) | Ms. Hazell is considered to be an “Interested Trustee” because she holds positions with HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. |
OFFICERS
| Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Richard A. Fabietti |
President |
One year; 2004 to present |
Senior Vice President, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (1998 – present) |
James D. Levy |
Vice President |
One year; 2014 to present |
Vice President, Product Management, HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (2014 – present); Vice President, Mutual Funds Product Development, GE Asset Management Inc. (2007 – 2014) |
Ioannis Tzouganatos* |
Secretary |
One year; 2015 to present |
Vice President, Regulatory Administration, Citi Fund Services (2008-present) |
Lauren Stuntebeck* |
Treasurer |
One year; 2019 to present |
Vice President, Financial Administration, Citi Fund Services (2019-present); Senior Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2016-2019); Manager, Audit, KPMG LLP (2014-2016) |
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| Name, Address and Age | Position(s) Held With Trust |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years |
Charles L. Booth* |
Chief Compliance Officer |
One year; 2015 to present |
Director and Compliance Officer, Citi Fund Services (1988 – present) |
James M. Curtis |
Chief Legal Officer |
One year; 2018 to present |
Associate General Counsel, HSBC Technology & Services (USA) Inc. (2018-present); Associate General Counsel, HSBC Securities (USA) Inc. (2005 – 2017) |
* Ms. Stuntebeck, Mr. Tzouganatos and Mr. Booth are also officers of certain other investment companies of which Citi Fund Services (or an affiliate) is the administrator or sub-administrator.
Trustee Experience, Qualifications, Attributes or Skills
The following provides an overview of the considerations that led the Board to conclude that each individual serving as a Trustee of the Trust should so serve. The current members of the Board joined at different points in time since 2005. Generally, no one factor was decisive in the original selection of an individual to join the Board. Among the factors the Board considered when concluding that an individual should serve on the Board were the following: (i) the individual’s business and professional experience and accomplishments, including prior experience in the financial services and investment management fields or on other boards; (ii) the individual’s ability to work effectively with other members of the Board; and (iii) how the individual’s skills, experiences and attributes would contribute to an appropriate mix of relevant skills and experience on the Board.
In addition to personal qualities, such as integrity, the role of an effective Trustee inherently requires the ability to comprehend, discuss and critically analyze materials and issues presented in exercising judgments and reaching informed conclusions relevant to his or her duties and obligations. The Board believes that the specific background of each Board member (including as set forth above) evidences such ability and is appropriate to his or her serving on the Board. The Chairman of the Board, Mr. Robards, has governance and operating experience in banking, brokerage and specialty finance companies. In addition, Mr. Robards serves and has served as a director of several public companies. Mses. Beck and Huang each have experience managing risk as well as portfolios of money market and fixed income instruments, respectively. Ms. Beck has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as President and Trustee of the Goldman Sachs Mutual Funds, an unaffiliated mutual fund complex. Ms. Huang has asset management operating and leadership experience, having served as Senior Vice President of Schroder Investment Management, a global asset management company. Ms. Gause has significant experience in the financial services industry, having served as, among other things, Chief Executive Officer of Dresdner RCM Global Investors and Allianz Dresdner Asset Management, a global asset management company. In that position, Ms. Gause was responsible for the day-to-day activities of the investment adviser of various registered open-end funds. Ms. Hazell has significant experience in the financial services industry and is currently the Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. Previously, Ms. Hazell was the President and Chief Executive Officer of a global investment management firm that provided active, fixed income capabilities to institutional investors.
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COMMITTEES
The Board currently has three standing committees: Audit and Compliance Committee, Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.
Audit and Compliance Committee
The Audit and Compliance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Beck. Ms. Beck, Mr. Robards and Ms. Gause are audit committee financial experts of the Trust. The primary purpose of the Audit and Compliance Committee is to oversee the accounting and financial reporting policies, practices and internal controls of the Trust. The Audit and Compliance Committee, among other things: (i) recommends to the Board the selection, retention and termination of an independent public accounting firm; (ii) annually reviews the scope of the proposed audit and, generally, the audit procedures to be utilized and the proposed audit fees; (iii) reviews the results of the annual audit with the independent auditors and any reports from the independent auditors concerning an audit, as presented to the Audit and Compliance Committee; (iv) reviews the annual financial statements of the Funds with management and the independent auditors; (v) approves the fees to be paid by the Trust to the independent auditors for its services; and (vi) reviews the adequacy and effectiveness of internal controls and procedures with management and the independent auditors. Committee responsibility for the Trust’s compliance program, which includes, among other things, (i) reviewing recommendations made to the Board concerning the designation of a person to serve as the Trust’s CCO pursuant to Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act; (ii) overseeing compliance by third-party service providers of the Trust’s compliance program; (iii) assessing recommendations made by the CCO concerning changes; and (iv) additions to the Trust’s compliance program, is also housed within the Audit and Compliance Committee. The Audit and Compliance Committee of the Trust met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee
The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee is comprised of all of the Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Huang. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee, among other things: (i) oversees Fund management, investment risk management, performance and brokerage practices relating to the Funds; (ii) reviews certain proposals that the Adviser may wish to make concerning the Funds and their investments; (iii) oversees the implementation and operation of the Trust’s Valuation Procedures, including the amortized cost method of valuation pursuant to Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act with respect to the HSBC Money Market Funds; (iv) oversees the processes relating to the assessment of the liquidity of the Funds’ assets; (v) reviews the proxy voting guidelines, policies, and procedures; and (vi) oversees the performance of the investment subadvisers to the applicable series of the Trust. The Valuation and Investment Oversight Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee is comprised of all of the Independent Trustees of the Trust. The Committee is currently chaired by Ms. Gause. This Committee, among other things: (i) makes nominations for trustee membership on the Board or a Committee; (ii) evaluates on a periodic basis the operations and effectiveness of the Board as a whole; (iii) periodically reviews the composition of the Board to determine whether it may be appropriate to add individuals with different backgrounds or skills from those already on the Board; (iv) periodically reviews industry best practices and Board governance procedures and recommends appropriate changes to the full Board; (v) periodically reviews Trustee compensation and Committee responsibilities and recommends any appropriate changes to the full Board; (vi) reviews the retention of professional liability insurance (D&O/E&O Insurance) and investment company fidelity bonds; and (vii) reviews the independence and performance of the Independent Trustee counsel. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee also considers nominees recommended by shareholders. Such recommendations should be forwarded to the President of the Trust. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee met four times during the most recently completed fiscal year.
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When evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as an Independent Trustee, the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee may consider, among other factors: (i) whether or not the person is “independent” and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee; (ii) whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of an Independent Trustee; (iii) the contribution that the person can make to the Board, with consideration being given to the person’s business experience, education and such other factors as the Committee may consider relevant; (iv) the character and integrity of the person; (v) the desirable personality traits, including independence, leadership and the ability to work with the other members of the Board; and (vi) consistency with the 1940 Act.
The process of identifying nominees involves the consideration of candidates recommended by one or more of the following: current Independent Trustees, officers, and other sources that the Committee deems appropriate.
FUND OWNERSHIP
Listed below for each Trustee is a dollar range of securities beneficially owned in the Funds together with the aggregate dollar range of equity securities in all registered investment companies overseen by each Trustee in the HSBC Family of Funds, as of December 31, 2019 (unless otherwise stated).
| Dollar Range of Equity Securities in: |
Independent Trustees | Interested Trustee | |||
| Marcia L. Beck |
Susan C. Gause |
Susan S. Huang |
Thomas Robards |
Deborah
A. Hazell | |
| High Yield Fund | None | None | None | None | None |
| Strategic Income Fund | None | $10,001- $50,000 |
$10,001- $50,000 |
None | None |
| Aggregate Dollar Range of Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen By Trustee in HSBC Family of Funds | $50,001- $100,000 |
$50,001- $100,000 |
$50,001- $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
As of February 3, 2020, the Trustees and officers of the Trust as a group beneficially owned less than 1% of the outstanding shares of the Funds.
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TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION
For the fiscal year ended October 31, 2019, the following compensation was paid to the Trustees:
| Independent Trustees(1) | ||||
| Compensation From the Funds |
Marcia L. Beck |
Susan C. Gause |
Susan S. Huang |
Thomas F. Robards |
| Emerging Markets Debt Fund (2) | $19,650.00 | $19,250.00 | $19,250.00 | $22,100.00 |
| High Yield Fund | $20,587,50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $20,587,50 | $20,187.50 | $20,187.50 | $23,037.50 |
| Pension Or Retirement Benefits Accrued As Part Of The Funds’ Expenses (3) | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Estimated Annual Benefits Upon Retirement | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Total Compensation From Funds and Fund Complex(4) Paid To Trustees | $204,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $200,000.00 | $228,500.00 |
| (1) | Ms. Hazell, an Interested Trustee, is not compensated from the Trust for her service as an Interested Trustee. |
| (2) | The HSBC Emerging Markets Debt Fund liquidated on October 28, 2019. |
| (3) | The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of Fund expenses, and Trustees of the Trust are not entitled to retirement benefits upon retirement from the Board. |
| (4) | For these purposes, the Fund Complex consisted of the 8 portfolios of HSBC Funds as of October 31, 2019. |
None of the officers receive compensation directly from the Funds. Under a Services Agreement between the Trust and Citi (“Services Agreement”), Citi makes an individual available to serve as the Trust’s CCO. Under the Services Agreement, Citi also provides infrastructure and support in implementing the written policies and procedures comprising the Funds’ Compliance Program. This includes providing support services to the CCO, developing standards for reports to the Board by Citi and other service providers, and assisting in preparing or providing documentation for the Board to make findings and conduct reviews pertaining to the Funds’ Compliance Program and related policies and procedures of Fund service providers. For the services provided under the Services Agreement, the Trust currently pays Citi $313,915 per annum, plus certain out of pocket expenses. Citi pays the salary and other compensation earned by any such individuals as employees of Citi. The Services Agreement also governs Citi’s provision of regulatory administration and fund accounting services to the Funds. For more information about these services, respectively, see “Administrator and Sub-Administrator” and “Fund Accounting Agent.”
PROXY VOTING
The Trust has adopted Proxy Voting Policies that delegate the responsibility of voting proxies to the Adviser. In an effort to avoid conflicts of interest, the Adviser has, in turn, engaged Institutional Shareholder Services Inc. (“ISS”) to provide proxy voting and related services and has delegated responsibility for voting proxies on behalf of the Funds to ISS. A summary of ISS’ proxy voting guidelines is attached as an appendix to this SAI.
Information regarding how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the 12-month period ending June 30, 2019 is available (i) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-800-782-8183; and (ii) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
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INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
INVESTMENT ADVISER
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. is the investment adviser to the Funds pursuant to an investment advisory contract (the “Advisory Contract”) with the Trust. For investment advisory services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from each Fund, which is accrued daily and paid monthly, and which is based on the Fund’s daily net assets, at an annual rate as set forth below.
| Fund | Fee |
| High Yield Fund | 0.65% |
| Strategic Income Fund | 0.65% |
The Adviser has entered into a contractual expense limitation agreement (“Agreement”) with the Funds under which it will limit total expenses of the Funds (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, extraordinary expenses and estimated indirect expenses attributable to a Fund’s investments in investment companies). The expense limitations shall be in effect until March 1, 2021. The Agreement shall terminate upon the termination of the Advisory Contract between the Trust and the Adviser, or may be terminated upon written notice to the Adviser by the Board.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of advisory fees (including sub-advisory fees, where applicable) incurred by the Funds were as follows:
| Fund(1) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $203,128 | $196,142 | $187,212 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $185,377 | $180,112 | $176,665 |
| (1) | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
The Advisory Contract for each Fund will continue in effect through December 31, 2020. Thereafter, the Advisory Contract will continue in effect with respect to each Fund for successive periods not to exceed one (1) year provided such continuance is approved at least annually by: (i) the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund or by the Board; and (ii) a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the Advisory Contract or “interested persons” (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of any such party. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisory Contract may be terminated with respect to a Fund without penalty by either party on 60 days’ written notice and will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment, within the meaning of the 1940 Act.
The Adviser, located at 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA Inc., a registered bank holding company. No securities or instruments issued by HSBC USA Inc. or HSBC Bank USA, N.A. will be purchased for a Fund.
The Advisory Contract for each Fund provides that the Adviser will manage the portfolio of the Fund, either directly or through one or more subadvisers, and will furnish to the Fund investment guidance and policy direction in connection therewith. The Adviser has agreed to provide the Trust with, among other things, information relating to composition, credit conditions and average maturity of the portfolio of the Fund. Pursuant to the Advisory Contract, the Adviser also furnishes the Board with periodic reports on the investment performance of each Fund.
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The Adviser and the Funds have also entered into Support Services Agreements, under which the Adviser provides certain support services in connection with the operation of certain Classes of shares of the Funds. For its services, the Adviser is entitled to a fee from the Funds, computed daily and paid monthly, equal on an annual basis to 0.10% of each Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the aggregate amount of support services fees incurred by the Funds were as follows:
| Fund(1) | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $2,736 | $2,296 | $1,722 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $146 | $225 | $247 |
| (1) | Expense does not include deductions for waivers. |
If the Adviser were prohibited from performing any of its services for the Trust under the Advisory Contract or the Support Services Agreement, it is expected that the Board would recommend to a Fund’s shareholders that they approve new agreements with another entity or entities qualified to perform such services and selected by the Board.
The investment advisory services of the Adviser provided to the Funds are not exclusive under the terms of the Advisory Contract. The Adviser is free to and does render investment advisory services to others.
The Trust and the Adviser have each received an exemptive order from the SEC that allows the Adviser to enter into new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with certain unaffiliated subadvisers with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. This authority is subject to certain conditions, including the requirement that the Trustees (including a majority of Independent Trustees) of the Trust must approve any new or amended agreements with subadvisers. In accordance with the exemptive order received from the SEC, an information statement providing details about the appointment of the new subadviser will be mailed to shareholders within 90 days of the change in subadviser. Shareholders will also receive an information statement describing material changes to a sub-advisory contract between the Adviser and a subadviser within 90 days of the material change. The Adviser remains responsible for the performance of each Fund, oversees subadvisers to ensure compliance with each Fund’s investment policies and guidelines, and monitors each subadviser’s adherence to its investment style and performance results in order to recommend any changes in a subadviser to the Board.
In the future, the Trust and the Adviser may, on behalf of each Fund, receive an additional exemptive order that would allow the Adviser to implement new investment sub-advisory contracts and to make material changes to existing sub-advisory contracts with subadvisers that are affiliated with the Adviser with the approval of the Board, but without shareholder approval. As with the current order, the new order would be subject to certain conditions, including that each applicable Fund would notify shareholders and provide them with certain information upon the hiring of a subadviser.
SUBADVISER
For the Strategic Income Fund, as listed below, the Subadviser may be responsible for the investment management of certain of the Fund’s assets, including making investment decisions and placing orders for the purchase and sale of securities for the Fund directly with the issuers or with brokers or dealers selected by the Subadviser in its discretion.
The investment advisory services of the Subadviser are not exclusive under the terms of its sub-advisory agreement. The Subadviser is free to and does render investment advisory services to others.
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The Subadviser also furnishes to the Board, which has overall responsibility for the business and affairs of the Trust, periodic reports on its services and the investment performance of the relevant Fund.
Strategic Income Fund
HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“AMEU”) 78 St. James Street, London, United Kingdom, SW1A 1EJ, a U.S. registered investment adviser and an affiliate of the Adviser, may serve as the investment subadviser of the Strategic Income Fund pursuant to an investment sub-advisory agreement (the “AMEU Sub-advisory Agreement”) with the Adviser. As an investment subadviser, AMEU would make the day-to-day investment decisions and continuously review, supervise and administer the Fund’s investment program (or a portion thereof). As of September 30, 2019, AMEU managed approximately $81.9 billion in assets. Under the AMEU Sub-advisory Agreement, the Adviser would pay AMEU a sub-advisory fee, based on the average daily net assets of the Fund at an annual rate of 0.325% from the fees paid by the Strategic Income Fund to the Adviser.
As of the date of this SAI, AMEU had not yet begun to subadvise the Strategic Income Fund and, therefore, the Adviser did not pay sub-advisory fees to AMEU for the Strategic Income Fund.
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS
The Prospectus identifies the individual or individuals who are primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of each of the Funds (the “portfolio manager(s)”). This section of the SAI contains certain additional information about the portfolio manager(s), their compensation, other accounts managed by them, and potential conflicts of interest. There is information in a tabular format, as of October 31, 2019, about the other accounts, if any, in addition to the Funds, over which the portfolio manager(s) also have primary responsibility for day-to-day management.
The tables below show the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager(s) and the total assets in those accounts within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles, and other accounts. For each category of accounts, the tables also show the number of accounts and the total assets in the accounts with respect to which the advisory fee paid by the account holder is based on account performance, if applicable.
Fund Ownership of Portfolio Managers
The portfolio managers did not beneficially own shares of the Funds that they managed as of October 31, 2019, except as indicated in the table below:
| Portfolio Manager | Fund | Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund Beneficially Owned |
| Mary Bowers | HSBC High Yield Fund | $0-$10,000 |
For each additional account listed in the charts below, the portfolio manager participates in managing the account in the same manner as described in the Prospectus in relation to the Funds as of October 31, 2019.
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HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc.
| Name of Portfolio Manager |
Number of Other Accounts Managed and Total Assets by Account Type |
Number of Accounts and Total Assets for Which Advisory Fee is Performance Based | ||||
| Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts |
Registered Investment Companies |
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles |
Other Accounts | |
| Mary Bowers | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| $33 million | $2.4 billion | $82 million | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
| Rick Liu | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| $30 million | $4 billion | $0 | $0 | $0 | $0 | |
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
As employees of the Adviser, or affiliates of the Adviser (“HSBC affiliates”), the portfolio managers are compensated by their respective HSBC affiliate, or by the Adviser, for their services. Their compensation has the following components (1) a base salary consisting of a fixed amount, (2) a discretionary bonus, which is paid partially in cash and partially in restricted shares of HSBC Holdings, Ltd., and (3) eligibility for participation in the 401(k) retirement plan and other employee benefits programs generally made available to the Adviser’s employees.
The restricted shares are currently awarded on a yearly basis under the HSBC Holdings Ltd. Restricted Share Plan 2000 and are denominated in ordinary shares. The shares earn dividend equivalents but do not have voting rights. Generally, the shares vest in full upon the third anniversary of the date of grant as long as the awardee remains in the employ of the HSBC Group during the restricted period. The shares are taxed at vest and treated as ordinary income.
Amounts paid to the portfolio managers as discretionary bonus and as deferred compensation are paid at the discretion of the relevant manager to whom the portfolio manager reports. Amounts paid as discretionary bonuses and as deferred compensation will vary, based upon the relevant manager’s assessment of the portfolio manager’s performance, taking into account the relevant business unit’s financial performance during the most recent fiscal year. Key factors affecting decisions concerning discretionary compensation under the deferred compensation plan are the Adviser’s profitability, individual performance, teamwork and total compensation of the employee relative to the market for similarly qualified individuals.
Potential Conflicts of Interest
Actual or potential conflicts of interest may arise from the fact that the Adviser (which for purposes of this discussion includes AMEU) and the portfolio managers of the Funds have day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to accounts of clients other than the Funds (“Other Clients”). The Adviser has developed policies and procedures intended to detect, manage and/or mitigate the types of conflicts of interest described below. Although there can be no guarantee that any such policies or procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict of interest arises, the Adviser endeavors to ensure that all of its clients are treated fairly.
The Adviser may receive different compensation from Other Clients including clients that may pay the Adviser higher fees, including performance fees. This may create a potential conflict of interest for the Adviser or its portfolio managers by providing an incentive to favor these Other Clients when, for example, allocating securities transactions. The Adviser may have an incentive to allocate securities that are expected to increase in value to these favored clients. Initial public offerings, in particular, are frequently of very limited availability. In order to mitigate these types of conflicts, the Adviser has policies and procedures that provide for the allocation of securities transactions on a pro rata basis among the Adviser’s clients for whom participation in such transaction is deemed appropriate by the Adviser.
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Other potential conflicts with respect to the allocation of trades include the perception that the Adviser may be causing a client to participate in an offering not appropriate for such client so as to increase the Adviser’s overall allocation of securities in that offering in order to, for example, gain favor with a particular underwriter with whom the Adviser or its affiliates hope to engage in unrelated transactions. A potential conflict of interest also may be perceived to arise if transactions in one account closely follow related transactions in a different account, such as when a purchase increases the value of securities previously purchased by another account or when a sale in one account lowers the sale price received in a sale by a second account. Because the Adviser manages accounts that engage in short sales of securities of the type in which many clients may invest, the Adviser could be seen as harming the performance of certain client accounts (i.e., those clients not engaging in short sale transactions) for the benefit of the accounts engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall. Similarly, the Adviser could be seen as benefiting those accounts that may engage in short sales through the sale of securities held by other clients to the extent that such sales reduce the cost to cover the short positions.
The Adviser and its affiliates may at times give advice or take action with respect to accounts that differs from the advice given other accounts. These differences result, from among other things, variations in account characteristics such as size, cash position, tax situation, risk tolerance or investment restrictions. As a result, a particular security may be bought or sold only for certain clients even though it could have been bought or sold for other clients at the same time. Likewise, a particular security may be bought for one or more clients when one or more other clients are selling the security. To the extent that the Adviser does take similar action with respect to different clients, it should be noted that simultaneous portfolio transactions in the same security by multiple clients may tend to decrease the prices received by clients for sales of such securities and increase the prices paid by clients for purchases of such securities. If an order on behalf of more than one account cannot be fully executed under prevailing market conditions, securities may be allocated among the different accounts on a basis that the Adviser considers equitable. Situations may occur where the Funds could be disadvantaged because of the investment activities conducted by the Adviser or its affiliates for other investment accounts.
Employees of the Adviser, including portfolio managers, may engage in personal trading, subject to the Adviser’s Code of Ethics. In addition to the general conflicts noted above, personal trading by employees may create apparent or actual conflicts to the extent that one or more employees personally benefit or appear to benefit from trading by clients in similar securities. The Adviser’s Code of Ethics is designed to mitigate these conflicts by requiring, among other things, pre-clearance of certain trades and the reporting of certain types of securities transactions.
Because portfolio managers of the Adviser manage multiple client accounts, portfolio managers may devote unequal time and attention to the portfolio management of client accounts. For example, an apparent conflict could arise if a portfolio manager is perceived to be devoting greater time and attention to an account which pays the Adviser higher fees. Although the Adviser does not specifically track the time and attention each portfolio manager spends on each account he or she manages, the Adviser does closely monitor the performance of all of its clients to ensure, to the extent possible, the portfolio managers have adequate resources to manage effectively all accounts.
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THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Distributor, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC, is a member of FINRA. The Distributor’s address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101. Foreside serves as distributor to the Funds under a Distribution Agreement with the Trust (the “Distribution Agreement”). Unless otherwise terminated, the Distribution Agreement will continue in effect for successive annual periods if, as to each Fund, such continuance is approved at least annually by (i) the vote of a majority of those members of the Board who are not parties to the Distribution Agreement or interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any such party, cast in person at a meeting for the purpose of voting on such approval and (ii) by the vote of the Board or the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of such Fund. Under the terms of the Distribution Agreement, Foreside acts as the agent of the Trust in connection with the continuous offering of shares of the Funds. The Distributor continually distributes shares of the Funds on a best efforts basis. The Distributor is not affiliated with the Adviser, Citi, or any of their affiliates. The Distributor has no obligation to sell any specific quantity of Fund shares. The Distributor and its officers have no role in determining the investment policies or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Trust.
Foreside has entered into a Distribution Services Agreement with the Adviser in connection with Foreside’s services as distributor of the Funds pursuant to which the Adviser undertakes to pay Foreside amounts owed to Foreside under the terms of the Distribution Agreement to the extent that the Funds are not otherwise authorized to make such payments. The payments made by the Adviser to the Distributor do not represent an additional expense to the Funds or their shareholders.
PAYMENTS TO FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, provide compensation, which may be significant, to selected financial intermediaries to promote the sale, distribution and/or servicing of shares of the Funds (“Payments”). These arrangements are sometimes referred to as “revenue sharing” arrangements. Since these Payments are made out of the resources of the Adviser and/or its affiliates, they do not represent an additional charge to the Funds or their shareholders. Accordingly, these Payments are not reflected in the fee and expense tables in the Prospectus. In addition, these Payments do not change the price paid by investors for the purchase of a Fund’s shares or the amount a Fund receives as proceeds from such purchases. These Payments are in addition to commissions, shareholder servicing fees and sales charges borne by shareholders.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates make these Payments primarily to compensate financial intermediaries for, among other things: marketing shares of the Funds, which may consist of Payments relating to the inclusion of the Funds on preferred or recommended fund lists or in certain sales programs from time to time sponsored by the financial intermediaries; educational programs; scheduled interactions with the financial intermediaries’ registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences or seminars; provision of training and educational programs; marketing support fees for providing assistance in promoting the sale of Fund shares; and/or other specified and relevant services intended to assist in the sale, distribution, and/or servicing of Fund shares. With respect to certain financial intermediaries and related fund “supermarket” platform arrangements, the Funds and/or the Adviser, rather than the Distributor, typically enter into such agreements. These financial intermediaries may charge a fee for their services. These financial intermediaries may otherwise act as processing agents and are responsible for promptly transmitting purchase, redemption and other requests to the Funds.
In addition, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may, out of their own resources, and without cost to any Fund, make Payments (including through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements) for sub-accounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the transfer agent, shareholder administration, servicing and processing fees paid by the Funds. These Payments may exceed amounts earned on these assets by the Adviser and/or its affiliates for the performance of these or similar services.
Generally, the Adviser and/or its affiliates negotiate the amount of Payments on an individual basis with each financial intermediary. In determining the amount of Payments to be made, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may consider a number of factors, including, without limitation, asset mix and length of relationship with the financial intermediary; the size of the customer/shareholder base of the financial intermediary; the manner in which customers of the financial intermediary make investments in the Funds; the nature and scope of services provided by the financial intermediary; and the costs incurred by the financial intermediary in connection with maintaining the infrastructure necessary or desirable to support investments in the Funds along with any other relevant factor that the Funds deem appropriate. Historically, these Payments have generally been structured as a percentage of average net assets attributable to the financial intermediary, but may also be structured as a fixed dollar amount, or a combination of the two, or may be calculated on another appropriate basis. Typically, the annual Payments to a financial intermediary are not expected to exceed 0.25% of a Fund’s average net assets. The Adviser and/or its affiliates expect to periodically determine the advisability of continuing these Payments.
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For the year ended December 31, 2019, the Adviser and/or its affiliates made Payments, related to 2019, out of their own assets to approximately 21 financial intermediaries, totaling approximately $5.2 million (excluding Payments made through sub-transfer agency and networking arrangements and certain other types of Payments described below), with respect to all funds of the Trust (including the Funds in this SAI). During this time, the Adviser has also made similar payments to its affiliates.
Periodically, and where appropriate, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may enter into similar arrangements with other financial intermediaries. Thus, the number of financial intermediaries that receive Payments is subject to change at any time without notice.
From time to time, and subject to applicable regulations, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may also be involved in cash and non-cash compensation arrangements with financial intermediaries to promote the sale of Fund shares in the form of, for example: occasional gifts; occasional meals, tickets or other entertainment; and/or sponsorship support of regional or national events. Subject to applicable FINRA regulations and other legal requirements, the Adviser and/or its affiliates may pay costs and expenses associated with these efforts (e.g., travel, lodging, entertainment and meals). Other compensation may also be offered from time to time to the extent not prohibited by applicable federal or state laws or FINRA regulations. This compensation is not included in, and is made in addition to, the Payments described above.
The Adviser and/or its affiliates may be incentivized to make Payments since they promote the sale and retention of Fund shares to clients of the financial intermediaries. When financial intermediaries sell or retain more shares of the Funds, the Adviser, and/or its affiliates benefit from the incremental management and other fees paid by the Funds with respect to those assets.
The compensation or reimbursement received by financial intermediaries through commissions, sales charges, fees payable from the Funds, and/or revenue sharing arrangements may be more or less than the overall compensation or reimbursement on similar or other products and may influence your financial intermediary to introduce and recommend the Funds over other similar investment options. In addition, depending on the arrangements in place at any particular time, this compensation or reimbursement creates a conflict of interest for financial intermediaries as they may have a financial incentive for recommending a Fund (or a particular share class of a Fund) over another investment.
Although a Fund may use financial intermediaries that sell Fund shares to effect transactions for the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund and the Adviser will not consider the sale of Fund shares as a factor when choosing financial intermediaries to effect those transactions.
Shareholders may obtain more information about these arrangements, including the conflicts of interests that such arrangements create, from their financial intermediaries and should so inquire if they would like additional information. Shareholders are encouraged to ask their financial intermediary how their respective financial intermediary will be compensated for investments made in the Funds.
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Investors who purchase shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Information concerning any charges or services will be provided to customers by the financial intermediary through which they purchase shares. Investors purchasing shares of the Funds through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read the Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. The financial intermediary, and not its customers, will be the shareholder of record, although costumers may have the right to vote shares depending upon their arrangement with the financial intermediary. The Distributor does not receive compensation from the Funds for its distribution services. However, the Adviser pays the Distributor a fee for certain distribution-related services.
SHAREHOLDER SERVICES PLAN AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENTS
The Trust has adopted a Shareholder Services Plan with respect to the Class A Shares, which provides that the Trust may obtain the services of one or more shareholder servicing agents (“Shareholder Servicing Agents”) that shall, as agents for their customers who purchase the Funds’ Class A Shares perform certain shareholder account, administrative and service functions for such customers, and may enter into agreements providing for the payment of fees for such services. “Shareholder Servicing Agents” are financial institutions, such as a federal or state-chartered bank, trust company or savings and loan association that, on behalf of their customers, have entered into a shareholder servicing agreement with the Trust. The Shareholder Services Plan continues in effect indefinitely if such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of both a majority of the Trustees and a majority of the Independent Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Shareholder Services Plan or in any agreement related to such Plan (“Qualified Trustees”). The Shareholder Services Plan may be terminated at any time by a vote of a majority of the Qualified Trustees or with respect to the Class A Shares by a majority vote of shareholders of that class. The Shareholder Services Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount of permitted expenses thereunder with respect to the Class A Shares without the approval of a majority of shareholders of that class, and may not be materially amended in any case without a vote of the majority of both the Trustees and the Qualified Trustees. See “Shareholder Servicing Agents,” below.
The Trust has entered into a shareholder servicing agreement (a “Shareholder Servicing Agreement”) with certain Shareholder Servicing Agents, including the Adviser, pursuant to which the Servicing Agent, as agent for its customers, among other things: answers customer inquiries regarding account status and history, the manner in which purchases, exchanges and redemptions of shares of the Funds may be effected and certain other matters pertaining to the Funds; assists shareholders in designating and changing dividend options, account designations and addresses; provides necessary personnel and facilities to establish and maintain shareholder accounts and records; assists in processing purchase and redemption transactions; arranges for the wiring of funds; transmits and receives funds in connection with customer orders to purchase or redeem Shares; verifies and guarantees shareholder signatures in connection with redemption orders and transfers and changes in shareholder-designated accounts; furnishes (either separately or on an integrated basis with other reports sent to a shareholder by a Shareholder Servicing Agent) monthly and year-end statements and confirmations of purchases and redemptions; transmits, on behalf of the Trust, proxy statements, annual reports, updated prospectuses and other communications from the Trust to the Funds’ shareholders; receives, tabulates and transmits to the Trust proxies executed by shareholders with respect to meetings of shareholders of the Funds or the Trust; and provides such other related services as the Trust or a shareholder may request. “Servicing Agents” shall mean both Shareholder Servicing Agents and securities brokers who have entered into a dealer agreement or shareholder serving agreement on behalf of its customers (“Securities Brokers”). Each Fund is authorized to pay a shareholder servicing fee up to 0.25%, on an annual basis, of the Fund’s average daily net assets attributable to Class A Shares.
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The Trust understands that some Shareholder Servicing Agents also may impose certain conditions on their customers, subject to the terms of the Prospectus, in addition to or different from those imposed by the Trust, such as requiring a different minimum initial or subsequent investment, account fees (a fixed amount per transaction processed), compensating balance requirements (a minimum dollar amount a customer must maintain in order to obtain the services offered), or account maintenance fees (a periodic charge based on a percentage of the assets in the account or of the dividends paid on those assets). Each Shareholder Servicing Agent has agreed to transmit to its customers who are holders of Shares appropriate prior written disclosure of any fees that it may charge them directly and to provide written notice at least 30 days prior to the imposition of any transaction fees. Conversely, the Trust understands that certain Shareholder Servicing Agents may credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Shareholder Servicing Agent from the Funds with respect to those accounts.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, each Fund incurred the following shareholder servicing expenses:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $6,566 | $5,479 | $4,087 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $219 | $304 | $354 |
ADMINISTRATOR AND SUB-ADMINISTRATOR
Pursuant to an Administration Services Agreement, the Adviser serves as the Trust’s administrator (the “Administrator”), and in that role oversees and coordinates the activities of other service providers, and monitors certain aspects of the Trust’s operations. Pursuant to a Sub-Administration Services Agreement (the “Sub-Administration Agreement”), the Administrator has retained Citi, whose address is 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219, as sub-administrator (the “Sub-Administrator”). Citi served as the administrator (rather than sub-administrator), through June 30, 2006. Management and administrative services of the Administrator and Sub-Administrator include providing office space, equipment and clerical personnel to the Funds and supervising custodial, auditing, valuation, bookkeeping, regulatory and dividend disbursing services.
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also provides the Funds with various other services, which include certain regulatory and compliance services, as well as fund accounting services. The Administrator and Citi provide certain persons satisfactory to the Board to serve as officers of the Trust. Such officers, as well as certain other employees of the Trust, may be directors, officers or employees of the Administrator, Citi or their affiliates. Citi may waive a portion of its fee.
The Administration Services Agreement was renewed for the one (1) year period ending December 31, 2020 and may be terminated upon not more than 60 days written notice by either party.
The administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee accrued daily and paid monthly at an annual rate of:
| $0-$10 billion | 0.0400% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0350% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0265% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0245% |
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The sub-administration fee primarily consists of an asset-based fee payable to Citi by the Administrator on the first business day of each month, or at such times as Citi shall request, at an annual rate of:
| Up to $10 billion | 0.0200% |
| $10 billion - $20 billion | 0.0150% |
| $20 billion - $50 billion | 0.0065% |
| In excess of $50 billion | 0.0045% |
The fee rate and breakpoints are determined on the basis of the aggregate average daily net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds. The total administration fee to be paid to the Administrator is allocated to each of the funds in the HSBC Family of Funds based upon its proportionate share of the aggregate net assets of the HSBC Family of Funds, and then allocated to each class of shares on a class basis.
For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the aggregate amount of administration fees incurred directly by the Funds was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $11,978 | $11,730 | $11,205 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $10,931 | $10,771 | $10,574 |
TRANSFER AGENT
Under a Transfer Agency Services Agreement, DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. acts as transfer agent (“Transfer Agent”) for the Trust. The Transfer Agent maintains an account for each shareholder of record, performs other transfer agency functions and acts as dividend disbursing agent for the Trust. The principal business address of DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. is 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169-0953.
CUSTODIAN
Pursuant to a Custodian Agreement, Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603, acts as the custodian (“Custodian”) of each Fund’s assets. The Custodian’s responsibilities include safeguarding and controlling each Fund’s cash and securities, handling the receipt and delivery of securities, determining income and collecting interest on each Fund’s investments, maintaining books of original entry for portfolio and fund accounting and other required books and accounts in order to calculate the daily NAV of Shares of each Fund. Securities held for each Fund may be deposited into the Federal Reserve-Treasury Department Book Entry System or the Depository Trust Company. The Custodian does not determine the investment policies of the Funds or decide which securities will be purchased or sold for a Fund. For its services, the Custodian receives such compensation as may from time to time be agreed upon by it and the Trust.
FUND ACCOUNTING AGENT
Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Citi also serves as fund accounting agent to each Fund. For the fiscal years ended October 31, 2019, October 31, 2018 and October 31, 2017, the aggregate amount of fund accounting fees incurred by the Funds was:
| Fund | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
| High Yield Fund | $82,980 | $93,827 | $83,164 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $94,153 | $112,340 | $96,307 |
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FEDERAL BANKING LAW
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 repealed certain provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act that had previously restricted the ability of banks and their affiliates to engage in certain mutual fund activities. Nevertheless, HSBC Bank’s and the Adviser’s activities remain subject to, and may be limited by, applicable federal banking law and regulations. HSBC Bank and the Adviser believe that they possess the legal authority to perform the services for the Funds contemplated by the Prospectus, this SAI, and the Advisory Contract without violation of applicable statutes and regulations. If future changes in these laws and regulations were to limit the ability of HSBC Bank and the Adviser to perform these services, the Board of the Trust would review the relationship with HSBC Bank and the Adviser and consider taking all actions necessary in the circumstances, which could include recommending to shareholders the selection of another qualified advisor or, if that course of action appeared impractical, that a Fund be liquidated.
Entities that are part of banking organizations, such as the Adviser and its affiliates, are subject to extensive government regulation. Government regulation may change frequently and may have significant effects, including limiting the ability of the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities, which may adversely impact a Fund. For example, the so-called “Volcker Rule” prohibits the Adviser and its affiliates from engaging in certain trading activities. A Fund may be adversely impacted by this rule if the Adviser or its affiliates own 25% or more of a Fund’s shares outside of any seeding period permitted by the rule. These restrictions may prevent a Fund from maintaining sufficient seed capital and may cause the Fund to liquidate at the end of the period if the Fund is not able to achieve sufficient scale. Other restrictions, including restrictions on trading and transactions with affiliates, can also apply. Funds that are not managed by entities that are part of banking organizations are not subject to these limitations.
In addition, the Funds, in which the Adviser and its affiliates hold substantial amounts of seed capital, at or above 50% of the Fund’s shares, are subject to margin rules adopted by the CFTC and other prudential regulators. These rules require a Fund to post and collect initial margin when trading certain uncleared or over-the-counter derivatives, including, but not limited to, non-deliverable foreign exchange forwards, credit default index swaps, and zero coupon swaps, which may effectively preclude a Fund from trading these derivatives. A Fund’s inability to trade certain uncleared derivatives may result in more benchmark oriented exposures, may negatively impact its performance or the Adviser’s ability to implement the Fund’s investment strategies, and may increase the fees and expenses borne by the Fund.
EXPENSES
Except for expenses paid by the Adviser and the Distributor, each Fund bears all the costs of its operations. Expenses attributable to a class (“Class Expenses”) shall be allocated to that class only. Class Expenses with respect to the Class A Shares, must include payments made pursuant to the Shareholder Services Plan. In the event a particular expense is not reasonably allocable by class or to a particular class, it shall be treated as a Fund expense or a Trust expense. Trust expenses directly related to a Fund are charged to the Fund; other expenses are allocated among the applicable series of the Trust in relation to the net assets of each Fund equally or another appropriate basis.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled, “Pricing of Fund Shares.” Neither the Prospectus nor the below is meant to reflect a complete list of valuation methodologies that a Fund may use to value its investments.
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The NAV of the Funds is determined once each day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“Exchange”), normally at 4 p.m. Eastern time on days the Exchange is open. The Funds may determine their NAVs at an earlier time if the principal bond markets close at an earlier time, as recommended by the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”). The Exchange is generally not open, and the Funds do not price their shares, on most U.S. national holidays and on Good Friday. In addition, the Funds do not price their shares on days on which the principal bond markets are closed (as recommended by SIFMA).
Pursuant to procedures adopted by the Board, investments of the Funds for which there are readily available and reliable market quotes or for which independent pricing service pricing is appropriate are valued as follows:
General
| ➢ | All securities and other investments are valued based on the market quotes from the broadest and most representative market for the securities, or such other methodologies as are set forth below, including prices provided by approved independent pricing services. All valuations are obtained as of the time NAV is calculated on each Fund business day. Any securities and other investments that cannot be priced according to the methodologies set forth below will be valued in accordance with fair valuation methodologies set forth in the Prospectus and applicable guidance on fair valuation. In this regard, if a broker, dealer or market-maker quote is obtained but is reasonably believed not to reflect market value based on all data available (e.g., it is an outlier as compared to other quotes), it may be discarded. |
Convertible Securities
| ➢ | Convertible securities are valued at the bid price as of the time NAV is determined by an approved independent pricing service, based on market transactions for normal, institutional-size trading units of similar securities, as well as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, type of issue, trading characteristics and other market data, without exclusive reliance on quoted prices on an exchange or over-the-counter prices. If no current day bid price is available then they will be priced either using the last quoted sales price or most recent bid price. |
Debt Securities
| ➢ | Debt securities are valued at the bid price, as of the time NAV is determined, by an approved independent pricing service, based upon market transactions for normal, institutional-size trading units of similar securities, as well as yield, quality, coupon rate, maturity, callability or prepayment option, type and size of issue, trading characteristics and other market data, without exclusive reliance on quoted prices on an exchange or over-the-counter prices. |
| ➢ | Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less may be valued at amortized cost unless it is determined that amortized cost does not represent fair value (e.g., securities that are not expected to mature at par). Issuer-specific and market-based considerations will be taken into account to determine whether amortized cost represents fair value. Debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less that are not valued based on amortized cost are valued based on prices provided by independent pricing services based on the services’ proprietary pricing models. |
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Registered investment companies (including ETFs)
| ➢ | Shares of exchange traded and closed-end registered investment companies are valued in the same manner as other equity securities. |
| ➢ | Mutual funds are valued at their NAVs, as reported to the investment adviser or its agent. |
Foreign currencies
| ➢ | Foreign currencies are valued at the last quoted foreign exchange bid quotation against the U.S. dollar from an approved independent pricing service. |
| ➢ | The value of Fund assets and liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are translated into their U.S. dollar equivalent values at such last foreign exchange bid quotation. |
Repurchase Agreements
| ➢ | Repurchase agreements are valued at original cost. |
Swaps
| ➢ | Swap agreements are valued by an approved independent pricing service: |
| ➢ | If a price is not available from an approved independent pricing service, they are valued based upon quotations obtained from broker-dealers or market makers. |
| ➢ | If prices are available from two or more dealers, brokers or market makers, the value shall be the mean of the quotations obtained from these sources. |
| ➢ | If prices are available from only one dealer, broker or market maker, the value shall be the quotation provided. |
| ➢ | In the absence of a valuation or if the valuation is deemed unreliable, they are valued at the price at which the counterparty would settle or repurchase the instrument. |
Options and Other Derivatives
| ➢ | Options and other derivative contracts (other than swaps as set forth above) on securities, currencies and other financial instruments traded in the OTC market are valued at prices provided by an approved independent pricing service |
| ➢ | If prices are available from two or more dealers, brokers or market makers, the value shall be the mean of the quotations obtained from these sources. |
| ➢ | In the absence of such a value, such derivatives contracts are valued at the marked-to-market price (or the evaluated price if a marked-to-market price is not available) provided by the broker-dealer with which the option was traded (which may also be the counterparty). |
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Exchange-Traded Options
| ➢ | Exchange-Traded options are valued at the closing price or last sale price on the primary instrument for that option as recorded by an approved independent pricing service. |
Foreign Currency Forward Contracts
| ➢ | Foreign currency forward contracts are valued by an approved independent pricing service at the current day's interpolated foreign exchange rate, as calculated using the current day's spot rate and the prevailing forward rates, and converted to U.S. dollars at the exchange rate of such currencies against the U.S. dollar, as of the close of regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time). |
Futures Contracts
| ➢ | Futures contracts are valued at their settlement price on the exchange on which they are traded. |
Interest income on long-term obligations in a Fund’s portfolio is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of “original issue discount” (generally, the difference between issue price and stated redemption price at maturity) and premiums (generally, the excess of purchase price over stated redemption price at maturity). Interest income on short-term obligations is determined on the basis of interest accrued plus amortization of premium.
The accounting records of a Fund are maintained in U.S. dollars. The market value of investment securities, other assets and liabilities and forward contracts denominated in foreign currencies are translated into U.S. dollars at the prevailing exchange rates at the end of the period. Purchases and sales of securities, income receipts, and expense payments are translated at the exchange rate prevailing on the respective dates of such transactions. Reported net realized gains and losses on foreign currency transactions represent net gains and losses from sales and maturities of forward currency contracts, disposition of foreign currencies, currency gains and losses realized between the trade and settlement dates on securities transactions and the difference between the amount of net investment income accrued and the U.S. dollar amount actually received.
The problems inherent in making a good faith determination of value are recognized in the codification effected by SEC Financial Reporting Release No. 1 (“FRR 1” (formerly Accounting Series Release No. 113)) which concludes that there is “no automatic formula” for calculating the value of restricted securities. It recommends that the best method simply is to consider all relevant factors before making any calculation. According to FRR 1 such factors would include consideration of the type of security involved, financial statements, cost at date of purchase, size of holding, discount from market value of unrestricted securities of the same class at the time of purchase, special reports prepared by analysts, information as to any transactions or offers with respect to the security, existence of merger proposals or tender offers affecting the security, price and extent of public trading in similar securities of the issuer or comparable companies, and other relevant matters.
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To the extent that a Fund purchases securities that are restricted as to resale or for which current market quotations are not available, the Adviser will value such securities based upon all relevant factors as outlined in FRR 1.
Subject to the Trust’s compliance with applicable regulations, the Trust on behalf of each Fund has reserved the right to pay the redemption or repurchase price of shares, either totally or partially, by a distribution in-kind of portfolio securities (instead of cash), as applicable. The securities so distributed would be valued at the same amount as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV for the shares being sold. If a shareholder received a distribution in-kind, the shareholder could incur brokerage or other charges in converting the securities to cash.
PURCHASE OF SHARES
Shares may be purchased through the Funds, Shareholder Servicing Agents or Securities Brokers (as defined below). Shares may be purchased at their NAV next determined after an order is transmitted to and accepted by the Transfer Agent or is received by a Shareholder Servicing Agent or a Securities Broker if it is transmitted to and accepted by the Transfer Agent. Purchases are effected on the same day the purchase order is received by the Transfer Agent provided such order is received prior to 4:00 p.m. Eastern Time, on any day in which regular trading occurs on the New York Stock Exchange, except on certain non-U.S. holidays as described above (“Fund Business Day”). Each Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker is responsible for and required to promptly forward orders for shares to the Transfer Agent.
All purchase payments are invested in full and fractional Shares. The Trust reserves the right to cease offering Shares for sale at any time or to reject any order for the purchase of Shares.
An investor may purchase Shares through the Funds directly or by authorizing his Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker to purchase such Shares on his behalf through the Transfer Agent.
Certain clients of the Adviser whose assets would be eligible for purchase by the Funds may purchase shares of the Trust with such assets. Assets purchased by the Funds will be subject to valuation and other procedures by the Board.
The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the sections in the Funds’ Prospectus entitled “Purchasing and Adding to Your Shares” and “Distribution Arrangements/Sales Charges.” The Prospectus contains a general description of how investors may buy shares of the Funds and states whether a Fund offers more than one class of shares. Class A Shares are generally sold with a sales charge payable at the time of purchase.
Each Fund offers Class A and Class I shares. When purchasing Fund shares, you must specify which Class is being purchased. If Class I Shares are purchased through a broker or financial intermediary that is acting as an agent on behalf of an investor, the broker or financial intermediary may charge a commission. Class A Shares are subject to different fees and expenses (which affect performance) and are entitled to different services than Class I Shares.
Shares of the Funds are offered on a continuous basis at NAV, plus any applicable sales charge, by the Distributor as an investment vehicle for institutions, corporations, fiduciaries and individuals.
The sales load on Class A Shares does not apply in any instance to reinvested dividends or distributions.
From time to time, dealers who receive dealer discounts and broker commissions from the Distributor may reallow all or a portion of such dealer discounts and broker commissions to other dealers or brokers.
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Dealers may not use sales of a Fund’s Shares to qualify for the compensation to the extent such may be prohibited by the laws of any state or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. None of the aforementioned compensation is paid for by the Funds or their shareholders.
Stock certificates will not be issued with respect to the shares. The Transfer Agent shall keep accounts upon the book of the Trust for recordholders of such shares.
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGE
By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of each Fund may exchange some or all of his Shares for shares of a corresponding class of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. By contacting the Transfer Agent or his Shareholder Servicing Agent or his Securities Broker, a shareholder of Class A Shares of a Fund may exchange some or all of his Shares at NAV without a sales charge for Shares of the same class offered with the same or lower sales charge by another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. A shareholder of Class I Shares may exchange some or all of his Shares at NAV without a front-end sales charge for Shares of the same class offered with the same or lower sales charge by another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds provided that the amount to be exchanged meets the applicable minimum investment requirements. Exchanges for Shares with a higher sales charge may be made upon payment of the sales charge differential.
An investor will receive Class A Shares of a Fund in exchange for Class A Shares of another fund within the HSBC Family of Funds, unless the investor is eligible to receive Class D Shares of the Money Market Funds, in which case the investor will receive Class D Shares of a Money Market Fund in exchange for Class A Shares of another Fund within the HSBC Family of Funds. An exchange may result in a change in the number of Shares held, but not in the value of such Shares immediately after the exchange. Each exchange involves the redemption of the Shares to be exchanged and the purchase of the shares of the other funds with the HSBC Family of Funds, which may produce a gain or loss for tax purposes.
The exchange privilege (or any aspect of it) may be changed or discontinued upon 60 days’ written notice to shareholders and is available only to shareholders in states in which such exchanges may be legally made. A shareholder considering an exchange should obtain and read the prospectus of the other funds within the HSBC Family of Funds into which the exchange will be made and consider the differences in investment objectives and policies before making any exchange.
An exchange is considered a sale of shares and may result in a capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes. A shareholder wishing to exchange his or her Shares may do so by contacting the Trust at 800-782-8183, by contacting his or her broker-dealer or by providing written instruction to the Trust.
IN-KIND PURCHASES
The Trust, in its discretion, may permit purchases of Fund shares by means of in-kind contributions of portfolio securities under certain circumstances. An in-kind contribution must be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Funds as described in the Prospectus. In connection with an in-kind securities purchase, the Funds will require, among other things, that the securities be valued in the same manner as they would be valued for purposes of computing a Fund’s NAV; that the Funds receive satisfactory assurances that they will have good and marketable title to the securities received by them; and that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Funds. In addition, the Funds generally will not accept securities of any issuer unless they are liquid, have a readily ascertainable market value, and are not subject to restrictions on resale.
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The Funds will not be liable for any brokerage commission or fee (except for customary transfer fees) in connection with an in-kind purchase of Fund shares. Your broker may impose a fee in connection with processing your in-kind purchase of Fund shares. An investor contemplating an in-kind purchase of Fund shares should consult his or her tax adviser to determine the tax consequences under Federal and state law of making such a purchase.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN
The Trust offers a plan for regularly investing specified dollar amounts ($25.00 minimum in monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual intervals) in the Funds. If an Automatic Investment Plan is selected, subsequent investments will be automatic and will continue until such time as the Trust and the investor’s bank are notified in writing to discontinue further investments. Due to the varying procedures to prepare, process and forward the bank withdrawal information to the Trust, there may be a delay between the time of bank withdrawal and the time the money reaches the Funds. The investment in the Funds will be made at the NAV per share determined on the Fund Business Day that both the check and the bank withdrawal data are received in required form by the Transfer Agent. Further information about the Automatic Investment Plan may be obtained from Citi at the telephone number listed on the front cover.
For further information on how to purchase Shares, an investor should contact the Funds directly at HSBC Funds, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691 or by calling 1-800-782-8183.
PURCHASES THROUGH A SHAREHOLDER SERVICING AGENT OR A SECURITIES BROKER
Shares are being offered to the public, to customers of a Shareholder Servicing Agent and to customers of a Securities Broker. Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers may offer services to their customers, including specialized procedures for the purchase and redemption of Shares, such as pre-authorized or automatic purchase and redemption programs. Each Shareholder Servicing Agent and Securities Broker may establish its own terms, conditions and charges, including limitations on the amounts of transactions, with respect to such services. Charges for these services may include fixed annual fees, account maintenance fees and minimum account balance requirements. The effect of any such fees will be to reduce the net return on the investment of customers of that Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker. Conversely, certain Servicing Agents may (although they are not required by the Trust to do so) credit to the accounts of their customers from whom they are already receiving other fees amounts not exceeding such other fees or the fees received by the Servicing Agent and Securities Broker from the Funds, which will have the effect of increasing the net return on the investment of such customers of those Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers.
Shareholder Servicing Agents and Securities Brokers may transmit purchase payments on behalf of their customers by wire directly to the Funds’ custodian bank by following the procedures described above.
For further information on how to direct a Securities Broker or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to purchase Shares, an investor should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
SALES CHARGES
CLASS A SHARES
The public offering price of the Class A Shares of the Funds equals NAV plus the applicable sales charge. The Distributor receives this sales charge and may reallow it as dealer discounts and brokerage commissions as follows:
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| Sales Charges as a | ||
| Size of Transaction at Offering | Percentage of Offering | Percentage of Net Amount |
| Price | Price | Invested |
| Less than $100,000 | 3.75% | 3.90% |
| $100,000 but less than $250,000 | 3.25% | 3.36% |
| $250,000 but less than $500,000 | 2.25% | 2.30% |
| $500,000 and over | None | None |
SALES CHARGE WAIVERS
The Funds may waive sales charges for the purchase of Class A Shares of the Funds by or on behalf of: (1) purchasers for whom HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial or similar capacity, (2) employees and retired employees (including spouses, children and parents of employees and retired employees) of HSBC, and any affiliates thereof, (3) Trustees of the Trust, (4) directors and retired directors (including spouses and children of directors and retired directors) of HSBC and any affiliates thereof, (5) purchasers who use proceeds from an account for which HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial or similar capacity, to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds, (6) brokers, dealers and agents who have a sales agreement with the Distributor, and their employees (and the immediate family members of such individuals), (7) investment advisers or financial planners that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor and that place trades for their own accounts or the accounts of eligible clients and that charge a fee for their services, and clients of such investment advisers or financial planners who place trades for their own accounts if such accounts are linked to the master account of the investment adviser or financial planner on the books and records of a broker or agent that has entered into an agreement with the Distributor, (8) orders placed on behalf of other investment companies distributed by Foreside or its affiliated companies, and (9) shares purchased by tax-qualified employee benefit plans. The purchase must be made within 60 days of the redemption, and the Transfer Agent must be notified in writing by the investor, or by his or her financial institution, at the time the purchase is made. A copy of the investor’s account statement showing such redemption must accompany such notice. To receive a sales charge waiver in conjunction with any of the above categories, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of qualification.
CONCURRENT PURCHASES
For purposes of qualifying for a lower sales charge, investors have the privilege of combining “concurrent purchases” of Class A Shares of any fund in the HSBC Family of Funds. For example, if a shareholder concurrently purchases Class A Shares in one of the Funds of the Trust sold with a sales charge at the total public offering price of $25,000 and Class A Shares in another Fund sold with a sales charge at the total public offering price of $75,000, the sales charge would be that applicable to a $100,000 purchase as shown in the appropriate table above. The investor’s “concurrent purchases” described above shall include the combined purchases of the investor, the investor’s spouse and children under the age of 21 and the purchaser’s retirement plan accounts. To receive the applicable public offering price pursuant to this privilege, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of qualification. This privilege, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
LETTER OF INTENT
An investor may obtain a reduced sales charge by means of a written Letter of Intent, which expresses the intention of such investor to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds at a designated total public offering price within a designated 13-month period. Each purchase of Class A Shares under a Letter of Intent will be made at the NAV plus the sales charge applicable at the time of such purchase to a single transaction of the total dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent (the “Applicable Sales Charge”). A Letter of Intent may include purchases of Class A Shares made not more than 90 days prior to the date such investor signs a Letter of Intent; however, the 13-month period during which the Letter of Intent is in effect will begin on the date of the earliest purchase to be included. An investor will receive as a credit against his/her purchase(s) of Class A Shares during this 90-day period at the end of the 13-month period, the difference, if any, between the sales load paid on previous purchases qualifying under the Letter of Intent and the Applicable Sales Charge.
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A Letter of Intent is not a binding obligation upon the investor to purchase the full amount indicated. The minimum initial investment under a Letter of Intent is 5% of such amount. Class A Shares purchased with the first 5% of such amount will be held in escrow (while remaining registered in the name of the investor) to secure payment of the higher sales charge applicable to the Class A Shares actually purchased if the full amount indicated is not purchased, and such escrowed Class A Shares will be involuntarily redeemed to pay the additional sales charge, if necessary. Dividends on escrowed Class A Shares, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional Class A Shares, are not subject to escrow. The escrowed Class A Shares will not be available for disposal by the investor until all purchases pursuant to the Letter of Intent have been made or the higher sales charge has been paid. When the full amount indicated has been purchased, the escrow will be released. To the extent that an investor purchases more than the dollar amount indicated in the Letter of Intent and qualifies for a further reduced sales charge, the sales charge will be adjusted for the entire amount purchased at the end of the 13-month period. The difference in sales charge will be used to purchase additional Class A Shares of the Funds at the then-current public offering price subject to the rate of sales charge applicable to the actual amount of the aggregate purchases. For further information about Letters of Intent, interested investors should contact the Trust at 1-800-782-8183. This program, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
RIGHT OF ACCUMULATION
Pursuant to the right of accumulation, investors are permitted to purchase Class A Shares of the Funds at the public offering price applicable to the total of: (a) the total public offering price of the Class A Shares of the Funds then being purchased; plus (b) an amount equal to the then-current NAV of the “purchaser’s combined holdings” of the Class A Shares of the Funds that were subject to a sales charge, and any Class C Shares held. Class A Shares sold to purchasers for whom HSBC or one of its affiliates acts in a fiduciary, advisory, custodial (other than retirement accounts), agency, or similar capacity are not presently subject to a sales charge. The “purchaser’s combined holdings” described above shall include the combined holdings of the purchaser, the purchaser’s spouse and children under the age of 21 and the purchaser’s retirement plan accounts. To receive the applicable public offering price pursuant to the right of accumulation, shareholders must, at the time of purchase, give the Transfer Agent sufficient information to permit confirmation of qualification. This right of accumulation, however, may be modified or eliminated at any time or from time to time by the Trust without notice.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES
A shareholder may redeem all or any portion of the shares in his account at any time at the NAV next determined after a redemption order in good order is furnished by the shareholder to the Transfer Agent, with respect to shares purchased directly through the Funds, or to his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent, and is transmitted to and received by the Transfer Agent. Shares may be redeemed without charge and are effected on the same day the redemption order is received by the Transfer Agent provided such order is received prior to the close of trading on the Exchange, on any Fund Business Day. See “Determination of Net Asset Value” above. Shares redeemed earn dividends up to and including the day prior to the day the redemption is effected.
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The proceeds of a redemption are normally paid from each Fund in U.S. dollars within two business days (or such other times in accordance with the requirements of your financial intermediaries) following the date on which the redemption is effected, however, while not expected, payment of sales proceeds may take up to seven days. The Funds may suspend the right of redemption and postpone for more than seven days the date of payment upon redemption: (i) during periods when the Exchange is closed other than for weekends and certain holidays or when trading on such Exchange is restricted; (ii) during periods in which, as a result of emergency, disposal, or evaluation of the NAV of the portfolio securities is not reasonably practicable; or (iii) for such other periods as the SEC may permit. To be in a position to eliminate excessive expenses, the Trust reserves the right to redeem upon not less than 30 days notice all shares in an account which has a value below $50, provided that such involuntary redemptions will not result from fluctuations in the value of Fund shares. A shareholder will be allowed to make additional investments prior to the date fixed for redemption to avoid liquidation of the account.
Unless shares have been purchased directly from the Funds, a shareholder may redeem shares only by authorizing his Securities Broker, if applicable, or his Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem such Shares on his behalf (since the account and records of such a shareholder are established and maintained by his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent). For further information as to how to direct a Securities Broker or a Shareholder Servicing Agent to redeem shares, a shareholder should contact his Securities Broker or his Shareholder Servicing Agent.
The Board has adopted procedures that provide that redemptions by shareholders may be satisfied by the distribution of portfolio securities in-kind, reflecting the shareholder’s proportionate interest in the relevant Fund, subject to certain adjustments.
Redemption proceeds are generally paid in cash, but the Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of any redemption proceeds in-kind. However, the Funds have made an election pursuant to Rule 18f-1 under the 1940 Act to redeem shares of each Fund solely in cash up to the lesser of $250,000 or 1.00% of the NAV of the Fund during any 90-day period for any one shareholder. The Funds reserve the right to pay all or part of other redemptions by a distribution of portfolio securities in kind from the applicable Fund’s portfolio. The securities distributed in kind would be valued at the same value as that assigned to them in calculating the NAV of the shares being redeemed. In the event a shareholder receives an in-kind distribution of portfolio securities, it would be the responsibility of the shareholder to dispose of the securities. The shareholder would be subject to any risk that the value of the securities would decline prior to their sale, that it would be difficult to sell the securities, and that brokerage fees could be incurred.
SYSTEMATIC WITHDRAWAL PLAN
Any shareholder who owns shares with an aggregate value of $10,000 or more may establish a Systematic Withdrawal Plan under which he redeems at NAV the number of full and fractional shares that will produce the monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual payments specified (minimum $50.00 per payment). Depending on the amounts withdrawn, systematic withdrawals may deplete the investor’s principal. Investors contemplating participation in this Systematic Withdrawal Plan should consult their tax advisers. No additional charge to the shareholder is made for this service.
REDEMPTION OF SHARES PURCHASED DIRECTLY THROUGH THE FUNDS
Redemption by Letter. Redemptions may be made by letter to the Transfer Agent specifying the dollar amount or number of shares to be redeemed, account number and the Fund. The letter must be signed in exactly the same way the account is registered (if there is more than one owner of the Shares, all must sign). In connection with a written redemption request, all signatures of all registered owners or authorized parties must be guaranteed by an Eligible Guarantor Institution, which includes a domestic bank, broker, dealer, credit union, national securities exchange, registered securities association, clearing agency or savings association. The Funds’ transfer agent, however, may reject redemption instructions if the guarantor is neither a member nor a participant in a signature guarantee program (currently known as “STAMP,” “SEMP,” or “NYSE MSP”). Corporations, partnerships, trusts or other legal entities may be required to submit additional documentation.
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Redemption by Wire or Telephone. An investor may redeem shares of the Funds by wire or by telephone if he has checked the appropriate box on the Purchase Application or has filed a Telephone Authorization Form with the Trust. These redemptions may be paid from the applicable Fund by wire or by check. The Trust reserves the right to refuse telephone wire redemptions and may limit the amount involved or the number of telephone redemptions. The telephone redemption procedure may be modified or discontinued at any time by the Trust. Instructions for wire redemptions are set forth in the Purchase Application. The Trust employs reasonable procedures to confirm that instructions communicated by telephone are genuine. For instance, the following information must be verified by the shareholder or securities broker at the time a request for a telephone redemption is effected: (1) shareholder’s account number; (2) shareholder’s social security number; and (3) name and account number of shareholder’s designated securities broker or bank. If the Trust fails to follow these or other established procedures, it may be liable for any losses due to unauthorized or fraudulent instructions.
RETIREMENT PLANS
Shares of the Funds are offered in connection with tax-deferred retirement plans. Application forms and further information about these plans, including applicable fees, are available from the Trust or the Sponsor upon request. The tax law governing tax-deferred retirement plans is complex and changes frequently. Before investing in the Funds through one or more of these plans, an investor should consult his or her tax adviser.
INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNTS (“IRAs”)
Shares of the Funds may be used as a funding medium for an IRA. An Internal Revenue Service-approved IRA plan may be available from an investor’s Servicing Agent. In any event, such a plan is available from the Sponsor naming UMB Fund Services as custodian. The minimum initial investment for an IRA is $250; the minimum subsequent investment is $100. In general, IRAs are available to individuals who receive compensation or earned income and their spouses whether or not they are active participants in a tax-qualified or Government-approved retirement plan. In general, an IRA contribution by an individual who participates, or whose spouse participates, in a tax-qualified or Government-approved retirement plan may not be deductible, in whole or in part, depending upon the individual’s income. Individuals also may establish an IRA to receive a “rollover” contribution of distributions from another IRA or a qualified plan. Tax advice should be obtained before planning a rollover or determining contribution limits.
DEFINED CONTRIBUTION PLANS
Investors who are self-employed may purchase shares of the Funds for retirement plans for self-employed persons that are known as defined contribution plans (formerly Keogh or H.R. 10 Plans). HSBC offers a prototype plan for money purchase and profit sharing defined contribution plans. The rules governing these plans are complex, and a tax adviser should be consulted.
SECTION 457 PLAN, 401(K) PLAN, 403(B) PLAN
The Funds may be used as investment vehicles for certain deferred compensation plans provided for by Section 457 of the Code with respect to service for state governments, local governments, rural electric cooperatives and political subdivisions, agencies, instrumentalities, tax-exempt organizations and certain affiliates of such entities. The Funds may also be used as investment vehicles for both 401(k) plans and 403(b) plans.
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DIVIDENDS AND DISTRIBUTIONS
Generally, a Fund’s net investment income consists of the interest and dividend income it earns, less expenses. In computing interest income, premiums are not amortized nor are discounts accrued on long-term debt securities in the Fund, except as required for federal income tax purposes. A Fund’s net realized capital gains, if any, are distributed to shareholders annually. Additional distributions are also made to each Fund’s shareholders to the extent necessary to avoid application of the 4% non-deductible federal excise tax on certain undistributed income and net capital gains of regulated investment companies. Shares begin accruing dividends on the day they are purchased.
Each Fund’s dividends are distributed to shareholders monthly. Unless a shareholder elects to receive dividends in cash (subject to the policies of the shareholder’s Shareholder Servicing Agent or Securities Broker), dividends are distributed in the form of additional full and fractional shares of each Fund.
Dividends substantially equal to a Fund’s net investment income earned during the month are distributed in that month to the Fund’s shareholders of record.
DESCRIPTION OF SHARES, VOTING RIGHTS, AND LIABILITIES
The Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust permits the Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001 per share) and to divide or combine the shares into a greater or lesser number of shares without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Trust. Currently, the Trust has 8 operational series of shares, each of which constitutes a separately managed “Fund.” The Trust reserves the right to create additional series of shares. Currently, the Funds issue separate classes of shares as described under “General Information.”
Subject to the distinctions permitted among classes of the Trust or any series as established by the Trustees consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act, each share of the Trust or any series shall represent an equal beneficial interest in the net assets of the Trust or such series, and each shareholder of the Trust or any series shall be entitled to receive such shareholder’s pro rata share of distributions of income and capital gains, if any, made with respect to the Trust or such series. Upon redemption of the shares of any series, the applicable shareholder shall be paid solely out of the funds and property of such series of the Trust. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional shares or other securities issued by the Trust.
The Trustees may require shareholders to redeem shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees. When issued, shares are fully paid and non-assessable. The Trustees may, however, cause shareholders, or shareholders of a particular series or class, to pay certain transfer agency, servicing or similar agent charges by setting off such charges due from such shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such shareholder and/or by reducing the number of shares in the account of such shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such shareholder.
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Shareholders are entitled to one vote for each share held on matters on which they are entitled to vote (and a proportionate fractional vote for each fraction of a share). The Trust is not required and has no current intention to hold annual meetings of shareholders, although the Trust will hold special meetings of Fund shareholders when in the judgment of the Trustees of the Trust it is necessary or desirable to submit matters for a shareholder vote or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal law. It is not anticipated that the Trust will hold shareholders’ meetings unless required by law or its Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust or By-Laws. On any matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders, all shares of the Trust then entitled to vote shall be voted in aggregate, except: (i) when required by the 1940 Act, shares shall be voted by individual series or class; (ii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more series, then only shareholders of such series shall be entitled to vote thereon; and (iii) when the matter involves any action that the Trustees have determined will affect only the interests of one or more classes, then only the shareholders of such class or classes shall be entitled to vote thereon. Accordingly, shareholders of each series generally vote separately, for example, to approve investment advisory contracts or changes in fundamental investment policies or restrictions, but shareholders of all series may vote together to the extent required under the 1940 Act, such as in the election or selection of Trustees, principal underwriters and accountants for the Trust. Under certain circumstances, the shareholders of one or more series could control the outcome of these votes.
Shares of each class of a series represent an equal pro rata interest in such series and, generally, have identical voting, dividend, liquidation, and other rights, preferences, powers, terms and conditions, except that: (i) each class shall have a different designation; (ii) each class of shares shall bear any class expenses; and (iii) each class shall have separate voting rights on any matter submitted to shareholders in which the interests of one class differ from the interests of any other class. Upon liquidation or dissolution of a Fund, shareholders of the Fund would generally be entitled to share pro rata in the net assets of the Fund’s available for distribution to shareholders.
The shareholders of the Funds have the power to vote only: (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as and to the extent provided in the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust; (ii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by federal law including the 1940 Act, or any registration of the Trust with the SEC (or any successor agency) or any state; and (iii) as the Trustees may otherwise consider necessary or desirable in their sole discretion.
The Trust is an entity of the type commonly known as a “Delaware statutory trust.” Under Delaware law and the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, shareholders are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of corporations organized under Delaware law. Therefore, shareholders generally will not be subject to personal liability for Fund obligations. The risk that a shareholder will incur personal liability for Fund obligations is limited to the circumstances in which a state court may not apply Delaware law or the terms of the Trust’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
OWNERSHIP OF THE FUNDS
As of February 3, 2020, the following persons owned of record 5% or more of a Fund or class of shares:
| Fund/Class | Percent of the |
| Class Total Assets | |
| Held by the | |
| Shareholder | |
| HSBC High Yield Fund – Class A | |
| Charles Schwab & Co Inc.* | 94.62% |
| Attn Mutual Funds | |
| 101 Montgomery Street | |
| San Francisco, CA 94104-4151 | |
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| HSBC High Yield Fund – Class I | |
| HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd* | |
| 8 Canada Square | 100% |
| London E14 5HQ | |
| HSBC Strategic Income Fund – Class A | |
| Charles Schwab & Co Inc.* | |
| Attn Mutual Funds | 52.22% |
| 101 Montgomery Street | |
| San Francisco, CA 94104-4151 | |
| HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd* | |
| 8 Canada Square | 41.33% |
| London E14 5HQ | |
| HSBC Strategic Income Fund – Class I | |
| HSBC Global Asset Management Ltd* | |
| 8 Canada Square | 99.73% |
| London E14 5HQ | |
*Entity owned more than 25% of the outstanding shares of the Fund. A shareholder owning of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding shares may be considered a control person and could have a more significant effect on matters presented at a shareholders’ meeting than votes of other shareholders.
TAXATION
Set forth below is a discussion of certain U.S. federal income tax issues concerning the Funds and the purchase, ownership, and disposition of Fund shares. This discussion does not purport to be complete or to deal with all aspects of federal income taxation that may be relevant to shareholders in light of their particular circumstances. This discussion is based upon present provisions of the Code, the regulations promulgated thereunder, and judicial and administrative ruling authorities, all of which are subject to change, which change may be retroactive. Prospective investors should consult their own tax adviser with regard to the federal tax consequences of the purchase, ownership, or disposition of Fund shares, as well as the tax consequences arising under the laws of any state, foreign country, or other taxing jurisdiction. Future changes in tax laws may adversely impact the Funds and their shareholders.
TAX STATUS OF THE FUNDS
The Funds each intend to be taxed as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. Accordingly, each Fund must, among other things: (a) derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities, foreign currencies, net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies; and (b) diversify its holdings so that, at the end of each fiscal quarter, (i) at least 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets is represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, the securities of other regulated investment companies and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount not greater than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer, and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets is invested in the securities of any one issuer (other than U.S. Government securities and the securities of other regulated investment companies), in two or more issuers that the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
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If for any taxable year a Fund does not qualify for federal tax treatment as a regulated investment company, all of the Fund’s net taxable investment income would (unless certain cure provisions apply) be subject to federal and, potentially, state income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to its shareholders. In such event, dividend distributions (including amounts derived from interest on municipal securities) would be taxable to a Fund’s shareholders to the extent of the Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits.
As a regulated investment company, a Fund generally is not subject to U.S. federal income tax on income and gains that it distributes to shareholders, if at least 90% of the Fund’s investment company taxable income (which includes, among other items, dividends, interest and the excess of any net short-term capital gains over net long-term capital losses) for the taxable year is distributed (i.e., the 90% distribution requirement). Each Fund intends to distribute all or substantially all of such income.
Amounts not distributed on a timely basis in accordance with a calendar year distribution requirement are subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax at the Fund level. To avoid the tax, each Fund must generally distribute during each calendar year an amount equal to the sum of: (1) at least 98% of its ordinary income (taking into account certain deferrals and elections) for the calendar year; (2) at least 98.2% of its capital gains in excess of its capital losses (adjusted for certain ordinary losses) for a one-year period generally ending on October 31 of the calendar year; and (3) all ordinary income and capital gains for previous years that were not distributed or taxed during such years. To avoid application of the excise tax, the Funds intend to make distributions in accordance with the calendar year distribution requirement.
A distribution will be treated as paid on December 31 of a calendar year if it is declared by a Fund in October, November or December of that year with a record date in such a month and paid by the Fund during January of the following year. Such a distribution will be taxable to shareholders in the calendar year in which the distribution is declared, rather than the calendar year in which it is received.
For federal income tax purposes, the Funds are generally permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during subsequent taxable years. As of October 31, 2019, the Funds had the following capital loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes which may be carried forward indefinitely with the retained tax character as set forth in the table below:
| Short-Term | Long-Term | ||
| Fund | Amount | Amount | Total |
| High Yield Fund | $443,272 | $219,289 | $662,561 |
| Strategic Income Fund | $0 | $0 | $0 |
These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future net capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
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DISTRIBUTIONS IN GENERAL
Distributions of investment company taxable income are generally taxable to a U.S. shareholder as ordinary income, whether paid in cash or shares (see below for information concerning reduced rates of tax for certain capital gain dividends). Dividends paid by a Fund to a corporate shareholder, to the extent such dividends are attributable to dividends received by the Fund from U.S. corporations, may, subject to limitation, be eligible for the dividends received deduction.
Generally, the maximum tax rate for individual taxpayers on long-term capital gains and on certain qualifying dividends on corporate stock is 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. These rates do not apply to corporate taxpayers. Each Fund will be able to separately report distributions of any qualifying long-term capital gains or qualifying dividends earned by the Fund that would be eligible for the lower maximum rate. A shareholder would also have to satisfy a more than 60-day holding period as well as other requirements with respect to any distributions of qualifying dividends in order to obtain the benefit of the lower rate. Distributions from Funds investing in bonds and other debt instruments will not generally qualify for the lower rates. Note that distributions of earnings from dividends paid by “qualified foreign corporations” can also qualify for the lower tax rates on qualifying dividends. Qualified foreign corporations are corporations incorporated in a U.S. possession, corporations whose stock is readily tradable on an established securities market in the U.S., and corporations eligible for the benefits of a comprehensive income tax treaty with the United States, which satisfy certain other requirements. Passive foreign investment companies are not treated as “qualified foreign corporations.” Individuals (and certain other non-corporate entities) are generally eligible for a 20% deduction with respect to taxable ordinary dividends from REITs. Recently proposed IRS regulations allow a regulated investment company to pass through to its shareholders such taxable ordinary REIT dividends. Accordingly, individual (and certain other non-corporate) shareholders of a regulated investment company that have received taxable ordinary REIT dividends may be able to take advantage of this 20% deduction with respect to any such amounts passed through.
The excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses realized, distributed and properly reported by a Fund, whether paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares, will generally be taxable to shareholders as long-term capital gain, regardless of how long a shareholder has held Fund shares. Capital gain distributions made to individuals are generally subject to a maximum federal income tax rate of 15% or 20%, depending on whether the individual’s income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Net capital gains from assets held for one year or less will be taxed as ordinary income.
An additional 3.8% Medicare tax is imposed on certain net investment income (including ordinary dividends and capital gain distributions received from a Fund and net gains from redemptions or other taxable dispositions of Fund shares) of U.S. individuals, estates and trusts to the extent that such person’s “modified adjusted gross income” (in the case of an individual) or “adjusted gross income” (in the case of an estate or trust) exceeds certain threshold amounts.
Shareholders receiving distributions in the form of additional shares will be taxed on the amount of such distribution and will have a cost basis for federal income tax purposes in each share received equal to the amount of the cash the shareholder could have received. Shareholders will be notified annually as to the U.S. federal tax status of distributions.
If the NAV of shares is reduced below a shareholder’s cost as a result of a distribution by a Fund, such distribution generally will be taxable even though it represents a partial return of invested capital. Investors should be careful to consider the tax implications of buying shares of a Fund just prior to a distribution. The price of shares purchased at this time will include the amount of the forthcoming distribution, but the distribution will generally be taxable to the shareholder.
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Distributions in excess of a Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits are treated as a tax-free return of a shareholders investment to the extent of the shareholders basis in the shares, and generally as capital gain thereafter. A return of capital, which for tax purposes is treated as a return of a shareholders investment, reduces the shareholders basis in shares, thus reducing any loss or increasing any gain on a subsequent taxable disposition of shares. A distribution will reduce a Funds NAV per share and may be taxable to a shareholder as ordinary income or capital gain even though, from an economic standpoint, the distribution may constitute a return of capital.
SALE, EXCHANGE, OR REDEMPTION OF SHARES
Upon a redemption, sale or exchange of shares of a Fund, a shareholder will realize a taxable gain or loss depending upon his or her basis in the shares. A gain or loss will be treated as capital gain or loss if the shares are capital assets in the shareholders hands, and the rate of tax will depend upon the shareholders holding period for the shares. If an individual shareholder has held the shares as a capital asset for more than one year, the maximum current federal income tax rate is generally 15% or 20%, depending on whether the shareholders income exceeds certain threshold amounts. Any loss realized on a redemption, sale or exchange also will be disallowed to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced (including through reinvestment of dividends) within a period of 61 days, beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of. In such a case, the basis of the shares acquired will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss. If a shareholder holds Fund shares for six months or less and during that period receives a distribution taxable to the shareholder as long-term capital gain, any loss realized on the sale of such shares during such six-month period would be a long-term loss to the extent of such distribution.
The Code requires the Funds to report to the Internal Revenue Service, and furnish to Fund shareholders, cost basis information for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012, and sold on or after that date. The Funds will permit Fund shareholders to elect from among several cost basis methods accepted by the Internal Revenue Service, including average cost. In the absence of an election by a shareholder, the Funds will use the average cost method with respect to that shareholder.
If, within 90 days after purchasing Fund shares with a sales charge, a shareholder exchanges the shares and acquires new shares at a reduced (or without any) sales charge pursuant to a right acquired with the original shares prior to February 1st of the calendar year following the initial acquisition of Fund shares, prior to February 1st of the calendar year following the initial acquisition of Fund shares, then the shareholder may not take the original sales charge into account in determining the shareholders gain or loss on the disposition of the shares. Gain or loss will generally be determined by excluding all or a portion of the sales charge from the shareholders tax basis in the exchanged shares, and the amount excluded will be treated as an amount paid for the new shares.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING
The Funds generally will be required to withhold federal income tax at a current rate of 24% (backup withholding) from dividends paid, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds to shareholders if: (1) the shareholder fails to furnish the Funds with the shareholders correct taxpayer identification number or social security number; (2) the IRS notifies the shareholder or the Funds that the shareholder has failed to report properly certain interest and dividend income to the IRS and to respond to notices to that effect; or (3) when required to do so, the shareholder fails to certify that he or she is not subject to backup withholding. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholders federal income tax liability.
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OTHER TAXATION
Distributions may be subject to additional state and local taxes, depending on each shareholder’s particular situation.
FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS
Taxation of a shareholder who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien individual, foreign trust or estate, or foreign corporation or foreign partnership ("foreign shareholder"), depends on whether the income from a Fund is "effectively connected" with a U.S. trade or business carried on by such shareholder. If the income from a Fund is not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, ordinary income dividends (including distributions of any net short-term capital gains) will generally be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (or lower treaty rate) upon the gross amount of the dividend. Note that the preferential rate of tax applicable to qualified dividend income (discussed above) does not apply to dividends paid to foreign shareholders. Such a foreign shareholder would generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on gains realized on the sale of shares of a Fund, and distributions of net long-term capital gains that are reported as capital gain dividends. If the income from a Fund is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business carried on by a foreign shareholder, then ordinary income dividends, capital gain dividends and any gains realized upon the sale of shares of a Fund will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the rates applicable to U.S. citizens or domestic corporations. If the Funds elect to report distributions derived from certain U.S. source interest and short-term capital gains, such distributions may be paid to foreign shareholders free of withholding. However, depending on the circumstances, the Funds may report all, some or none of the Funds’ potentially eligible dividends as eligible for this exemption, and a portion of the Funds’ distributions (e.g. interest from non-U.S. sources or any foreign currency gains) would be ineligible for this potential exemption from withholding.
The Funds are required to withhold U.S. tax (at a 30% rate) on payments of taxable dividends made to certain non-U.S. entities that fail to comply (or be deemed compliant) with extensive reporting and withholding requirements designed to inform the U.S. Department of the Treasury of U.S.-owned foreign investment accounts. Shareholders may be requested to provide additional information to the Funds to enable the Funds to determine whether withholding is required.
The tax consequences to a foreign shareholder entitled to claim the benefits of an applicable tax treaty may be different from those described herein. Foreign shareholders are urged to consult their own tax advisers with respect to the particular tax consequences to them of an investment in the Funds, including the applicability of the U.S. estate tax and foreign taxes.
FUND INVESTMENTS
Market Discount. If a Fund purchases a debt security in the secondary market at a price lower than the stated redemption price at maturity of such debt security, the excess of the stated redemption price over the purchase price is “market discount.” If the amount of market discount is more than a de minimis amount, a portion of such market discount must be included as ordinary income (not capital gain) by a Fund in respect of each taxable year in which the Fund owns an interest in such debt security and receives a principal payment on it. In particular, a Fund will be required to allocate that principal payment first to the portion of the market discount on the debt security that has accrued but has not previously been includable in income. In general, the amount of market discount that must be included for each period is equal to the lesser of (i) the amount of market discount accruing during such period (plus any accrued market discount for prior periods not previously taken into account) or (ii) the amount of the principal payment with respect to such period. Generally, market discount accrues on a daily basis for each day the debt security is held by a Fund, at a constant rate over the time remaining to the debt security’s maturity or, at the election of the Fund, at a constant yield to maturity, which takes into account the semi-annual compounding of interest. Gain realized on the disposition of a market discount obligation must be recognized as ordinary interest income (not capital gain) to the extent of the “accrued market discount” not previously taken into account.
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Original Issue Discount. Certain debt securities acquired by a Fund may be treated as debt securities that were originally issued at a discount. Very generally, original issue discount is defined as the difference between the price at which a security was issued and its stated redemption price at maturity. Although a Fund receives no actual cash income from such a discount, original issue discount that accrues on debt securities in a given year generally are treated for federal income tax purposes as interest and, therefore, such income would be subject to the distribution requirements applicable to regulated investment companies. Some debt securities may be purchased by a Fund at a discount that exceeds the original issue discount on such debt securities, if any. This additional discount generally represents market discount for federal income tax purposes (see above).
Options, Futures and Forward Contracts. Any regulated futures contracts and certain options (namely, nonequity options and dealer equity options) in which a Fund may invest may be “section 1256 contracts.” Gains (or losses) on these contracts generally are considered to be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses. Also, section 1256 contracts held by a Fund at the end of each taxable year (and on certain other dates prescribed in the Code) are “marked to market” with the result that unrealized gains or losses are treated as though they were realized.
Transactions in options, futures and forward contracts undertaken by a Fund may result in “straddles” for federal income tax purposes. The straddle rules may affect the character of gains (or losses) realized by a Fund, and losses realized by the Fund on positions that are part of a straddle may be deferred under the straddle rules rather than being taken into account in calculating the taxable income for the taxable year in which the losses are realized. In addition, certain carrying charges (including any interest expense) associated with positions in a straddle may be required to be capitalized rather than deducted currently. Certain elections that the Funds may make with respect to its straddle positions may also affect the amount, character and timing of the recognition of gains or losses from the affected positions.
Because only a few regulations implementing the straddle rules have been promulgated, the consequences of such transactions to the Funds are not entirely clear. The straddle rules may increase the amount of short-term capital gain realized by the Funds, which are characterized as ordinary income when distributed to shareholders. Because application of the straddle rules may affect the character of gains or losses, defer losses and/or accelerate the recognition of gains or losses from the affected straddle positions, the amount which must be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a Fund that did not engage in such transactions.
Certain hedging activities may cause a dividend that would otherwise be subject to the lower tax rate applicable to a “qualifying dividend,” to instead be subject to the rate of tax applicable to ordinary income.
Constructive Sales. Under certain circumstances, the Funds may recognize gain from a constructive sale of an “appreciated financial position” it holds if it enters into a short sale, forward contract or other transaction that substantially reduces the risk of loss with respect to the appreciated position. In that event, a Fund would be treated as if it had sold and immediately repurchased the property and would be taxed on any gain (but not loss) from the constructive sale. The character of gain from a constructive sale would depend upon a Fund’s holding period in the property. Loss from a constructive sale would be recognized when the property was subsequently disposed of, and its character would depend on a Fund’s holding period and the application of various loss deferral provisions of the Code. Constructive sale treatment does not apply to transactions if such transaction is closed before the end of the 30th day after the close of a Fund’s taxable year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position throughout the 60-day period beginning with the day such transaction was closed.
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FOREIGN TAX ISSUES
Passive Foreign Investment Companies. The Funds may invest in stocks of foreign companies that are considered passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) under the Code. In general, a foreign company considered as a PFIC if at least 50% of its assets constitute investment-type assets or 75% or more of its gross income constitutes investment-type income. In general, under the PFIC rules, an “excess distribution” received with respect to PFIC stock is treated as having been realized ratably over the period during which the Funds held the PFIC stock. A Fund itself will be subject to tax on the portion, if any, of the excess distribution that is allocated to that Fund’s holding period in prior taxable years (and an interest factor will be added to the tax, as if the tax had actually been payable in such prior taxable years) even though that Fund distributes the corresponding income to shareholders. Excess distributions include any gain from the sale of PFIC stock as well as certain distributions from a PFIC. All excess distributions are characterized as ordinary income.
The Funds may be able to elect alternative tax treatment with respect to PFIC stock. Under an election that currently may be available, a Fund generally would be required to include in its gross income its share of the earnings of a PFIC on a current basis, regardless of whether any distributions are received from the PFIC. If this election is made, the special rules, discussed above, relating to the taxation of excess distributions, would not apply. Alternatively, each Fund may be able to elect to mark to market its PFIC stock, resulting in the stock being treated as having been sold at fair market value on the last business day of each taxable year. Any resulting gain would be reported by a Fund as ordinary income, and mark-to-market losses and any loss from an actual disposition of the Fund’s shares would be deductible by the Fund as ordinary losses to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains included in income in prior taxable years.
Alternatively, the Fund may be able to elect to treat a PFIC investment as a “qualified electing fund” upon the condition precedent that the PFIC furnishes a PFIC annual information statement to the Fund. Under this election, the Fund would be required to annually recognize its pro-rata share of net income and net capital gains of the PFIC regardless of whether they are actually distributed by the PFIC.
Because the application of the PFIC rules may affect, among other things, the character of gains, the amount of gain or loss and the timing of the recognition of income with respect to PFIC stock, as well as subject each Fund itself to tax on certain income from PFIC stock, the amount that must be distributed to shareholders, and which will be taxed to shareholders as ordinary income or long-term capital gain, may be increased or decreased substantially as compared to a fund that did not invest in PFIC stock. Note that distributions from a PFIC are not eligible for the reduced rate of tax on “qualifying dividends.”
Foreign Taxes. Income received by the Funds from sources within foreign countries may be subject to withholding and other income or similar taxes imposed by such countries. If more than 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporation, or if at least 50% of the value of a Fund’s total assets at the close of each quarter of its taxable year is represented by interests in other regulated investment companies, that Fund will be eligible and may (or may not) elect to “pass through” to that Fund’s shareholders the amount of qualifying foreign taxes paid by the Fund (the “pass-through election”). Pursuant to this election, a shareholder will be required to include in gross income (in addition to taxable dividends actually received) his pro rata share of the qualifying foreign taxes paid by a Fund, and will be entitled either to deduct (as an itemized deduction) his pro rata share of foreign income and similar taxes in computing his taxable income or to use it as a foreign tax credit against his U.S. federal income tax liability, subject to limitations. No deduction for foreign taxes may be claimed by a shareholder who does not itemize deductions, but such a shareholder may be eligible to claim the foreign tax credit (see below). No credit may be claimed by a shareholder with respect to Fund shares that have been held less than 16 days. Each shareholder will be notified after the close of a Fund’s taxable year whether the foreign taxes paid by the Fund will “pass through” for that year.
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Generally, a credit for foreign taxes is subject to the limitation that it may not exceed the shareholder’s U.S. tax attributable to his foreign source taxable income. For this purpose, if the pass-through election is made, the source of a Fund’s income flows through to its shareholders. With respect to each Fund, gains from the sale of securities may be treated as derived from U.S. sources and certain currency fluctuation gains including fluctuation gains from foreign currency denominated debt securities, receivables and payables, may be treated as derived from U.S. sources. The limitation on the foreign tax credit is applied separately to foreign source passive income (as defined for purposes of the foreign tax credit), including the foreign source passive income passed through by a Fund. Shareholders may be unable to claim a credit for the full amount of their proportionate share of the foreign taxes paid by a Fund. If a Fund is not eligible to, or does not, make the pass-through election, the foreign income taxes it pays generally will reduce investment company taxable income and the distributions by a Fund will be treated as United States source income. Furthermore, the amount of the foreign tax credit that is available to a shareholder may be limited to the extent that dividends from a foreign corporation qualify for the lower tax rate on “qualifying dividends.”
Foreign Currency. Under the Code, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates which occur between the time a Fund accrues income or other receivables or accrues expenses or other liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and the time the Fund actually collects such receivables or pays such liabilities generally are treated as ordinary income or ordinary loss. Similarly, on disposition of some investments, including debt securities and certain forward contracts denominated in a foreign currency, gains or losses attributable to fluctuations in the value of foreign currency between the date of acquisition of the security or contract and the date of disposition also are treated as ordinary gain or loss. These gains and losses, referred to under the Code as “section 988” gains and losses, may increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s net investment income to be distributed to its shareholders as ordinary income. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may increase the amount of income that each Fund must distribute in order to qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company and to prevent application of an excise tax on undistributed income. Alternatively, fluctuations in exchange rates may decrease or eliminate income available for distribution. If section 988 losses exceed other net investment income during a taxable year, a Fund would not be able to make ordinary dividend distributions, and any distributions made before the losses were realized would be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders for federal income tax purposes, rather than as an ordinary dividend, reducing each shareholder’s basis in his or her Fund shares.
As described above, at least 90% of a Fund’s gross income for each taxable year must be Qualifying Income. The Code expressly confers upon the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States the authority to issue tax regulations that would exclude income and gains from investments in foreign currencies from treatment as Qualifying Income in cases in which the foreign currency income or gains are not directly related to the company’s principal business of investing in stocks or securities (or options or futures with respect to such stocks or securities). In light of this grant of regulatory authority, there is no assurance that the Secretary will not issue such regulations. Moreover, there is a remote possibility that such regulations may be applied retroactively, which could affect the ability of a Fund to qualify as a RIC.
OTHER INFORMATION
CAPITALIZATION
The Trust is an open-end, management investment company formed as a statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 2, 2016. The Funds were previously series of HSBC Funds, a different legal entity organized as a Massachusetts business trust (the “Predecessor Trust”). In 2016, at a special meeting of shareholders, the shareholders of each series of the Predecessor Trust (the “Predecessor Funds”) approved the reorganization of the Predecessor Funds with and into corresponding “shell” series of the Trust. The shell series of the Trust succeeded to the accounting and performance histories of the Predecessor Funds. Any historical information provided for a Fund that relates to periods prior to June 24, 2016 is that of the corresponding Predecessor Fund.
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The Predecessor Trust was a Massachusetts business trust established under a Declaration of Trust dated April 22, 1987, as a successor to two previously-existing Massachusetts business trusts, Fund Trust Tax-Free Trust (organized on July 30, 1986) and Fund Vest (organized on July 17, 1984, and since renamed Fund Source). Prior to October 3, 1994, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Fund Trust.” Prior to April 12, 2001, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “Republic Funds.” Prior to February 28, 2012, the name of the Predecessor Trust was “HSBC Investor Funds.”
The capitalization of the Trust consists solely of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest with a par value of $0.001 each. The Board may establish additional series (with different investment objectives and fundamental policies) and classes of shares within each series at any time in the future. Establishment and offering of additional classes or series will not alter the rights of the Funds’ shareholders.
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board has appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (“PwC”) as the independent registered public accounting firm of the Trust. PwC audits the Trust’s annual financial statements and prepares the Trust’s income tax returns. PwC’s address is 300 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10017.
COUNSEL
Dechert LLP, 1900 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006, advises on certain legal matters in connection with the shares of the Funds offered by the Trust, and also acts as counsel to the Trust. Stradley Ronon Stevens & Young, LLP, 2000 K Street, N.W. Suite 700, Washington, D.C. 20006, acts as counsel to the Independent Trustees of the Trust.
CODE OF ETHICS
The Trust, and each of the Adviser, Subadvisers and Citi have adopted a code of ethics, as required by applicable law, including Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser, Subadvisers and Citi from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a code). Each Code sets forth restrictions with respect to certain transactions and contains preclearance and reporting obligations.
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to shares of a Fund, certain portions of which have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be obtained on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov or copies of this information can be obtained after paying a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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Statements contained herein and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document that was filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Current audited financial statements for the HSBC High Yield Fund and HSBC Strategic Income Fund, dated October 31, 2019, have been audited by PwC, an independent registered public accounting firm, as indicated in its report with respect thereto, and are incorporated herein by reference from the Annual Report of such Funds dated October 31, 2019, as filed with the SEC. Copies of the report will be provided without charge to each person receiving this SAI.
SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES
All shareholder inquiries should be directed to the Trust, P.O. Box 219691, Kansas City, MO 64121-9691.
GENERAL AND ACCOUNT INFORMATION: (800) 782-8183 (TOLL FREE)
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APPENDIX A
DESCRIPTION OF SECURITY RATINGS
STANDARD & POOR’S
Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on Standard & Poor's analysis of the following considerations:
| ● | Likelihood of payment – capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
| ● | Nature of and provisions of the obligation; |
| ● | Protection afforded by, and relative position of, the obligation in the event of bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
Issue ratings are an assessment of default risk, but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C Obligations rated 'BB', 'B', 'CCC', 'CC', and 'C' are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. 'BB' indicates the least degree of speculation and 'C' the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB An obligation rated 'BB' is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B An obligation rated 'B' is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated 'BB', but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
RESTRICTED A-1
CCC An obligation rated 'CCC' is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C A 'C' rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the 'C' rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument's terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D An obligation rated 'D' is in payment default. The 'D' rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor's believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The 'D' rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation's rating is lowered to 'D' upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
Plus (+) or The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to Minus (-) show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor's does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.
Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings
A Standard & Poor's U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poor's opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, Standard & Poor's analysis will review the following considerations:
| ● | Amortization schedule – the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
| ● | Source of payment – the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
RESTRICTED A-2
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1 Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2 Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3 Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings
A-1 A short-term obligation rated 'A-1' is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor's. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2 A short-term obligation rated 'A-2' is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3 A short-term obligation rated 'A-3' exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
Variable Rate Demand Obligations:
Standard & Poor's assigns "dual" ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, 'AAA/A-1+'). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, 'SP-1+/A-1+').
MOODY’S INVESTORS SERVICE (“Moody’s”)
Long-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s long-term ratings are opinions of the relative credit risk of financial obligations with an original maturity of one year or more. They address the possibility that a financial obligation will not be honored as promised. Such ratings use Moody’s Global Scale and reflect both the likelihood of default and any financial loss suffered in the event of default.
Aaa Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
RESTRICTED A-3
Ba Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
U.S. Municipal Short Term Obligation Ratings
MIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
Demand Obligation Ratings
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moody’s evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (“demand feature”), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG 1.
VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issue’s specific structural or credit features.
RESTRICTED A-4
VMIG 1 This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 2 This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG 3 This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SG This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Short-Term Obligation Ratings
Moody’s short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moody’s employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short term obligations.
NP Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated “Not Prime” do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
FITCH, INC. (“Fitch Ratings”)
Corporate Finance Obligations – Long-Term Rating Scales
Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument.
RESTRICTED A-5
The relationship between issuer scale and obligation scale assumes an historical average recovery of between 30%–50% on the senior, unsecured obligations of an issuer. As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity's issuer rating or Issuer Default Rating (“IDR”).
AAA Highest credit quality. `AAA’ denotes the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA Very high credit quality. `AA’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A High credit quality. 'A' ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB Good credit quality. 'BBB' ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB Speculative. 'BB' ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B Highly speculative. ‘B’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC Substantial credit risk. ‘CCC’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC Very high levels of credit risk. ‘CC’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘C’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned 'D' ratings, but are instead rated in the 'B' to 'C' rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
Notes: The modifiers "+" or "-" may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the 'AAA' obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below 'B'.
The subscript 'emr' is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.
RESTRICTED A-6
Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Obligations in Corporate, Public and Structured Finance
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as "short term" based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F-1 Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added "+" to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F-2 Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F-3 Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
RESTRICTED A-7
UNITED STATES
Concise Proxy Voting Guidelines
Benchmark Policy Recommendations
| Effective for Meetings on or after February 1, 2020 |
| Published December 11, 2019 |
ISSGOVERNANCE.COM
© 2019 | Institutional Shareholder Services and/or its affiliates
RESTRICTED B-1
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UNITED STATES |
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The policies contained herein are a sampling only of selected key ISS U.S. proxy voting guidelines, and are not intended to be exhaustive. The complete guidelines can be found at:
https://www.issgovernance.com/policy-gateway/voting-policies/
Board of Directors
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for director nominees, except under the following circumstances (with new nominees1 considered on case-by-case basis): |
Independence
Vote against2 or withhold from non-independent directors (Executive Directors and Non-Independent Non-Executive Directors per ISS’ Classification of Directors) when:
| ■ | Independent directors comprise 50 percent or less of the board; |
| ■ | The non-independent director serves on the audit, compensation, or nominating committee; |
| ■ | The company lacks an audit, compensation, or nominating committee so that the full board functions as that committee; or |
| ■ | The company lacks a formal nominating committee, even if the board attests that the independent directors fulfill the functions of such a committee. |
Composition
Attendance at Board and Committee Meetings: Generally vote against or withhold from directors (except nominees who served only part of the fiscal year3) who attend less than 75 percent of the aggregate of their board and committee meetings for the period for which they served, unless an acceptable reason for absences is disclosed in the proxy or another SEC filing. Acceptable reasons for director absences are generally limited to the following:
| ■ | Medical issues/illness; |
| ■ | Family emergencies; and |
| ■ | Missing only one meeting (when the total of all meetings is three or fewer). |
1 A "new nominee" is a director who is being presented for election by shareholders for the first time. Recommendations on new nominees who have served for less than one year are made on a case-by-case basis depending on the timing of their appointment and the problematic governance issue in question.
2 In general, companies with a plurality vote standard use “Withhold” as the contrary vote option in director elections; companies with a majority vote standard use “Against”. However, it will vary by company and the proxy must be checked to determine the valid contrary vote option for the particular company.
3 Nominees who served for only part of the fiscal year are generally exempted from the attendance policy.
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In cases of chronic poor attendance without reasonable justification, in addition to voting against the director(s) with poor attendance, generally vote against or withhold from appropriate members of the nominating/governance committees or the full board.
If the proxy disclosure is unclear and insufficient to determine whether a director attended at least 75 percent of the aggregate of his/her board and committee meetings during his/her period of service, vote against or withhold from the director(s) in question.
Overboarded Directors: Generally vote against or withhold from individual directors who:
| ■ | Sit on more than five public company boards; or |
| ■ | Are CEOs of public companies who sit on the boards of more than two public companies besides their own—withhold only at their outside boards4. |
Diversity: For companies in the Russell 3000 or S&P 1500 indices, generally vote against or withhold from the chair of the nominating committee (or other directors on a case-by-case basis) at companies where there are no women on the company's board. Mitigating factors include:
| ■ | Until Feb. 1, 2021, a firm commitment, as stated in the proxy statement, to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; |
| ■ | The presence of a woman on the board at the preceding annual meeting and a firm commitment to appoint at least one woman to the board within a year; or |
| ■ | Other relevant factors as applicable. |
Responsiveness
Vote case-by-case on individual directors, committee members, or the entire board of directors as appropriate if:
| ■ | The board failed to act on a shareholder proposal that received the support of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year or failed to act on a management proposal seeking to ratify an existing charter/bylaw provision that received opposition of a majority of the shares cast in the previous year. Factors that will be considered are: |
| ■ | Disclosed outreach efforts by the board to shareholders in the wake of the vote; |
| ■ | Rationale provided in the proxy statement for the level of implementation; |
| ■ | The subject matter of the proposal; |
| ■ | The level of support for and opposition to the resolution in past meetings; |
| ■ | Actions taken by the board in response to the majority vote and its engagement with shareholders; |
| ■ | The continuation of the underlying issue as a voting item on the ballot (as either shareholder or management proposals); and |
| ■ | Other factors as appropriate. |
| ■ | The board failed to act on takeover offers where the majority of shares are tendered; |
| ■ | At the previous board election, any director received more than 50 percent withhold/against votes of the shares cast and the company has failed to address the issue(s) that caused the high withhold/against vote. |
4 Although all of a CEO’s subsidiary boards with publicly-traded common stock will be counted as separate boards, ISS will not recommend a withhold vote for the CEO of a parent company board or any of the controlled (>50 percent ownership) subsidiaries of that parent but may do so at subsidiaries that are less than 50 percent controlled and boards outside the parent/subsidiary relationships.
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Vote case-by-case on Compensation Committee members (or, in exceptional cases, the full board) and the Say on Pay proposal if:
| ■ | The company’s previous say-on-pay received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast. Factors that will be considered are: |
| ■ | The company's response, including: |
| ■ | Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); |
| ■ | Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; |
| ■ | Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns; |
| ■ | Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; |
| ■ | Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; |
| ■ | The company's ownership structure; and |
| ■ | Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. |
| ■ | The board implements an advisory vote on executive compensation on a less frequent basis than the frequency that received the plurality of votes cast. |
Accountability
Problematic Takeover Defenses/Governance Structure
Poison Pills: Vote against or withhold from all nominees (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if:
| ■ | The company has a poison pill that was not approved by shareholders5. However, vote case-by-case on nominees if the board adopts an initial pill with a term of one year or less, depending on the disclosed rationale for the adoption, and other factors as relevant (such as a commitment to put any renewal to a shareholder vote). |
| ■ | The board makes a material adverse modification to an existing pill, including, but not limited to, extension, renewal, or lowering the trigger, without shareholder approval. |
Classified Board Structure: The board is classified, and a continuing director responsible for a problematic governance issue at the board/committee level that would warrant a withhold/against vote recommendation is not up for election. All appropriate nominees (except new) may be held accountable.
Removal of Shareholder Discretion on Classified Boards: The company has opted into, or failed to opt out of, state laws requiring a classified board structure.
5 Public shareholders only, approval prior to a company’s becoming public is insufficient.
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Director Performance Evaluation: The board lacks mechanisms to promote accountability and oversight, coupled with sustained poor performance relative to peers. Sustained poor performance is measured by one-, three-, and five-year total shareholder returns in the bottom half of a company’s four-digit GICS industry group (Russell 3000 companies only). Take into consideration the company’s operational metrics and other factors as warranted. Problematic provisions include but are not limited to:
| ■ | A classified board structure; |
| ■ | A supermajority vote requirement; |
| ■ | Either a plurality vote standard in uncontested director elections, or a majority vote standard in contested elections; |
| ■ | The inability of shareholders to call special meetings; |
| ■ | The inability of shareholders to act by written consent; |
| ■ | A multi-class capital structure; and/or |
| ■ | A non-shareholder-approved poison pill. |
Unilateral Bylaw/Charter Amendments and Problematic Capital Structures: Generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the board amends the company's bylaws or charter without shareholder approval in a manner that materially diminishes shareholders' rights or that could adversely impact shareholders, considering the following factors:
| ■ | The board's rationale for adopting the bylaw/charter amendment without shareholder ratification; |
| ■ | Disclosure by the company of any significant engagement with shareholders regarding the amendment; |
| ■ | The level of impairment of shareholders' rights caused by the board's unilateral amendment to the bylaws/charter; |
| ■ | The board's track record with regard to unilateral board action on bylaw/charter amendments or other entrenchment provisions; |
| ■ | The company's ownership structure; |
| ■ | The company's existing governance provisions; |
| ■ | The timing of the board's amendment to the bylaws/charter in connection with a significant business development; and |
| ■ | Other factors, as deemed appropriate, that may be relevant to determine the impact of the amendment on shareholders. |
Unless the adverse amendment is reversed or submitted to a binding shareholder vote, in subsequent years vote case-by-case on director nominees. Generally vote against (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if the directors:
| ■ | Classified the board; |
| ■ | Adopted supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; or |
| ■ | Eliminated shareholders' ability to amend bylaws. |
Problematic Capital Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public offering, the company or its board implemented a multi-class capital structure in which the classes have unequal voting rights without subjecting the multi-class capital structure to a reasonable time-based sunset. In assessing the reasonableness of a time-based sunset provision, consideration will be given to the company’s lifespan, its post-IPO ownership structure and the board’s disclosed rationale for the sunset period selected. No sunset period of more than seven years from the date of the IPO will be considered to be reasonable.
6 Newly-public companies generally include companies that emerge from bankruptcy, spin-offs, direct listings, and those who complete a traditional initial public offering.
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Continue to vote against or withhold from incumbent directors in subsequent years, unless the problematic capital structure is reversed or removed.
Problematic Governance Structure - Newly Public Companies: For newly public companies6, generally vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board (except new nominees1, who should be considered case-by-case) if, prior to or in connection with the company's public offering, the company or its board adopted the following bylaw or charter provisions that are considered to be materially adverse to shareholder rights:
| ■ | Supermajority vote requirements to amend the bylaws or charter; |
| ■ | A classified board structure; or |
| ■ | Other egregious provisions. |
A reasonable sunset provision will be considered a mitigating factor.
Unless the adverse provision is reversed or removed, vote case-by-case on director nominees in subsequent years.
Management Proposals to Ratify Existing Charter or Bylaw Provisions: Vote against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board, where boards ask shareholders to ratify existing charter or bylaw provisions considering the following factors:
| ■ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; |
| ■ | The board's rationale for seeking ratification; |
| ■ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; |
| ■ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the boards ratification request; |
| ■ | The level of impairment to shareholders' rights caused by the existing provision; |
| ■ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the companys past meetings; |
| ■ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; |
| ■ | The company's ownership structure; and |
| ■ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Restrictions on Shareholders Rights
Restricting Binding Shareholder Proposals: Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the governance committee if:
| ■ | The companys governing documents impose undue restrictions on shareholders ability to amend the bylaws. Such restrictions include but are not limited to: outright prohibition on the submission of binding shareholder proposals or share ownership requirements, subject matter restrictions, or time holding requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8. Vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis. |
Submission of management proposals to approve or ratify requirements in excess of SEC Rule 14a-8 for the submission of binding bylaw amendments will generally be viewed as an insufficient restoration of shareholders' rights. Generally continue to vote against or withhold on an ongoing basis until shareholders are provided with an unfettered ability to amend the bylaws or a proposal providing for such unfettered right is submitted for shareholder approval.
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Problematic Audit-Related Practices
Generally vote against or withhold from the members of the Audit Committee if:
| ■ | The non-audit fees paid to the auditor are excessive; |
| ■ | The company receives an adverse opinion on the companys financial statements from its auditor; or |
| ■ | There is persuasive evidence that the Audit Committee entered into an inappropriate indemnification agreement with its auditor that limits the ability of the company, or its shareholders, to pursue legitimate legal recourse against the audit firm. |
Vote case-by-case on members of the Audit Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ■ | Poor accounting practices are identified that rise to a level of serious concern, such as: fraud; misapplication of GAAP; and material weaknesses identified in Section 404 disclosures. Examine the severity, breadth, chronological sequence, and duration, as well as the companys efforts at remediation or corrective actions, in determining whether withhold/against votes are warranted. |
Problematic Compensation Practices
In the absence of an Advisory Vote on Executive Compensation (Say on Pay) ballot item or in egregious situations, vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ■ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); |
| ■ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; or |
| ■ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Generally vote against or withhold from the Compensation Committee chair, other committee members, or potentially the full board if:
| ■ | The company fails to include a Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions, or under the companys declared frequency of say on pay; or |
| ■ | The company fails to include a Frequency of Say on Pay ballot item when required under SEC provisions. |
Generally vote against members of the board committee responsible for approving/setting non-employee director compensation if there is a pattern (i.e. two or more years) of awarding excessive non-employee director compensation without disclosing a compelling rationale or other mitigating factors.
Problematic Pledging of Company Stock:
Vote against the members of the committee that oversees risks related to pledging, or the full board, where a significant level of pledged company stock by executives or directors raises concerns. The following factors will be considered:
| ■ | The presence of an anti-pledging policy, disclosed in the proxy statement, that prohibits future pledging activity; |
| ■ | The magnitude of aggregate pledged shares in terms of total common shares outstanding, market value, and trading volume; |
| ■ | Disclosure of progress or lack thereof in reducing the magnitude of aggregate pledged shares over time; |
| ■ | Disclosure in the proxy statement that shares subject to stock ownership and holding requirements do not include pledged company stock; and |
| ■ | Any other relevant factors. |
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Governance Failures
Under extraordinary circumstances, vote against or withhold from directors individually, committee members, or the entire board, due to:
| ■ | Material failures of governance, stewardship, risk oversight7, or fiduciary responsibilities at the company; |
| ■ | Failure to replace management as appropriate; or |
| ■ | Egregious actions related to a directors service on other boards that raise substantial doubt about his or her ability to effectively oversee management and serve the best interests of shareholders at any company. |
Voting on Director Nominees in Contested Elections
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General Recommendation: In cases where companies are targeted in connection with public vote-no campaigns, evaluate director nominees under the existing governance policies for voting on director nominees in uncontested elections. Take into consideration the arguments submitted by shareholders and other publicly available information. |
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on the election of directors in contested elections, considering the following factors: |
| ■ | Long-term financial performance of the company relative to its industry; |
| ■ | Managements track record; |
| ■ | Background to the contested election; |
| ■ | Nominee qualifications and any compensatory arrangements; |
| ■ | Strategic plan of dissident slate and quality of the critique against management; |
| ■ | Likelihood that the proposed goals and objectives can be achieved (both slates); and |
| ■ | Stock ownership positions. |
In the case of candidates nominated pursuant to proxy access, vote case-by-case considering any applicable factors listed above or additional factors which may be relevant, including those that are specific to the company, to the nominee(s) and/or to the nature of the election (such as whether there are more candidates than board seats).
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for shareholder proposals requiring that the board chair position be filled by an independent director, taking into consideration the following: |
| ■ | The scope and rationale of the proposal; |
| ■ | The company's current board leadership structure; |
| ■ | The company's governance structure and practices; |
| ■ | Company performance; and |
| ■ | Any other relevant factors that may be applicable. |
7 Examples of failure of risk oversight include but are not limited to: bribery; large or serial fines or sanctions from regulatory bodies; significant adverse legal judgments or settlement; or hedging of company stock.
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The following factors will increase the likelihood of a for recommendation:
| ■ | A majority non-independent board and/or the presence of non-independent directors on key board committees; |
| ■ | A weak or poorly-defined lead independent director role that fails to serve as an appropriate counterbalance to a combined CEO/chair role; |
| ■ | The presence of an executive or non-independent chair in addition to the CEO, a recent recombination of the role of CEO and chair, and/or departure from a structure with an independent chair; |
| ■ | Evidence that the board has failed to oversee and address material risks facing the company; |
| ■ | A material governance failure, particularly if the board has failed to adequately respond to shareholder concerns or if the board has materially diminished shareholder rights; or |
| ■ | Evidence that the board has failed to intervene when managements interests are contrary to shareholders' interests. |
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for management and shareholder proposals for proxy access with the following provisions: |
| ■ | Ownership threshold: maximum requirement not more than three percent (3%) of the voting power; |
| ■ | Ownership duration: maximum requirement not longer than three (3) years of continuous ownership for each member of the nominating group; |
| ■ | Aggregation: minimal or no limits on the number of shareholders permitted to form a nominating group; |
| ■ | Cap: cap on nominees of generally twenty-five percent (25%) of the board. |
Review for reasonableness any other restrictions on the right of proxy access.
Generally vote against proposals that are more restrictive than these guidelines.
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Shareholder Rights & Defenses
![]() | General Recommendation: Generally vote against management proposals to ratify provisions of the companys existing charter or bylaws, unless these governance provisions align with best practice. |
In addition, voting against/withhold from individual directors, members of the governance committee, or the full board may be warranted, considering:
| ■ | The presence of a shareholder proposal addressing the same issue on the same ballot; |
| ■ | The board's rationale for seeking ratification; |
| ■ | Disclosure of actions to be taken by the board should the ratification proposal fail; |
| ■ | Disclosure of shareholder engagement regarding the boards ratification request; |
| ■ | The level of impairment to shareholders' rights caused by the existing provision; |
| ■ | The history of management and shareholder proposals on the provision at the companys past meetings; |
| ■ | Whether the current provision was adopted in response to the shareholder proposal; |
| ■ | The company's ownership structure; and |
| ■ | Previous use of ratification proposals to exclude shareholder proposals. |
Capital/Restructuring
![]() | General Recommendation: Vote for proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares where the primary purpose of the increase is to issue shares in connection with a transaction on the same ballot that warrants support. |
Vote against proposals at companies with more than one class of common stock to increase the number of authorized shares of the class of common stock that has superior voting rights.
Vote against proposals to increase the number of authorized common shares if a vote for a reverse stock split on the same ballot is warranted despite the fact that the authorized shares would not be reduced proportionally.
Vote case-by-case on all other proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance.
Take into account company-specific factors that include, at a minimum, the following:
| ■ | Past Board Performance: |
| ■ | The company's use of authorized shares during the last three years; |
| ■ | The Current Request: |
| ■ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of the specific purposes of the proposed increase; |
| ■ | Disclosure in the proxy statement of specific and severe risks to shareholders of not approving the request; and |
| ■ | The dilutive impact of the request as determined relative to an allowable increase calculated by ISS (typically 100 percent of existing authorized shares) that reflects the company's need for shares and total shareholder returns. |
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ISS will apply the relevant allowable increase below to requests to increase common stock that are for general corporate purposes (or to the general corporate purposes portion of a request that also includes a specific need):
| A. |
Most companies: 100 percent of existing authorized shares. |
| B. |
Companies with less than 50 percent of existing authorized shares either outstanding or reserved for issuance: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. |
| C. |
Companies with one- and three-year total shareholder returns (TSRs) in the bottom 10 percent of the U.S. market as of the end of the calendar quarter that is closest to their most recent fiscal year end: 50 percent of existing authorized shares. |
| D. |
Companies at which both conditions (B and C) above are both present: 25 percent of existing authorized shares. |
If there is an acquisition, private placement, or similar transaction on the ballot (not including equity incentive plans) that ISS is recommending FOR, the allowable increase will be the greater of (i) twice the amount needed to support the transactions on the ballot, and (ii) the allowable increase as calculated above.
![]() | General Recommendation: For U.S.-incorporated companies, and foreign-incorporated U.S. Domestic Issuers that are traded solely on U.S. exchanges, vote for management proposals to institute open-market share repurchase plans in which all shareholders may participate on equal terms, or to grant the board authority to conduct open-market repurchases, in the absence of company-specific concerns regarding: |
| ■ | Greenmail, |
| ■ | The use of buybacks to inappropriately manipulate incentive compensation metrics, |
| ■ | Threats to the company's long-term viability, or |
| ■ | Other company-specific factors as warranted. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals to repurchase shares directly from specified shareholders, balancing the stated rationale against the possibility for the repurchase authority to be misused, such as to repurchase shares from insiders at a premium to market price.
![]() | General Recommendation: Generally vote against shareholder proposals prohibiting executives from selling shares of company stock during periods in which the company has announced that it may or will be repurchasing shares of its stock. Vote for the proposal when there is a pattern of abuse by executives exercising options or selling shares during periods of share buybacks. |
| ■ | Financial issues - company's financial situation; degree of need for capital; use of proceeds; effect of the financing on the company's cost of capital; |
| ■ | Management's efforts to pursue other alternatives; |
| ■ | Control issues - change in management; change in control, guaranteed board and committee seats; standstill provisions; voting agreements; veto power over certain corporate actions; and |
| ■ | Conflict of interest - arm's length transaction, managerial incentives. |
Vote for the debt restructuring if it is expected that the company will file for bankruptcy if the transaction is not approved.
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on mergers and acquisitions. Review and evaluate the merits and drawbacks of the proposed transaction, balancing various and sometimes countervailing factors including: |
| ■ | Valuation - Is the value to be received by the target shareholders (or paid by the acquirer) reasonable? While the fairness opinion may provide an initial starting point for assessing valuation reasonableness, emphasis is placed on the offer premium, market reaction, and strategic rationale. |
| ■ | Market reaction - How has the market responded to the proposed deal? A negative market reaction should cause closer scrutiny of a deal. |
| ■ | Strategic rationale - Does the deal make sense strategically? From where is the value derived? Cost and revenue synergies should not be overly aggressive or optimistic, but reasonably achievable. Management should also have a favorable track record of successful integration of historical acquisitions. |
| ■ | Negotiations and process - Were the terms of the transaction negotiated at arm's-length? Was the process fair and equitable? A fair process helps to ensure the best price for shareholders. Significant negotiation "wins" can also signify the deal makers' competency. The comprehensiveness of the sales process (e.g., full auction, partial auction, no auction) can also affect shareholder value. |
| ■ | Conflicts of interest - Are insiders benefiting from the transaction disproportionately and inappropriately as compared to non-insider shareholders? As the result of potential conflicts, the directors and officers of the company may be more likely to vote to approve a merger than if they did not hold these interests. Consider whether these interests may have influenced these directors and officers to support or recommend the merger. The CIC figure presented in the "ISS Transaction Summary" section of this report is an aggregate figure that can in certain cases be a misleading indicator of the true value transfer from shareholders to insiders. Where such figure appears to be excessive, analyze the underlying assumptions to determine whether a potential conflict exists. |
| ■ | Governance - Will the combined company have a better or worse governance profile than the current governance profiles of the respective parties to the transaction? If the governance profile is to change for the worse, the burden is on the company to prove that other issues (such as valuation) outweigh any deterioration in governance. |
Compensation
Executive Pay Evaluation
Underlying all evaluations are five global principles that most investors expect corporations to adhere to in designing and administering executive and director compensation programs:
| 1. |
Maintain appropriate pay-for-performance alignment, with emphasis on long-term shareholder value: This principle encompasses overall executive pay practices, which must be designed to attract, retain, and appropriately motivate the key employees who drive shareholder value creation over the long term. It will take into consideration, among other factors, the link between pay and performance; the mix between fixed and variable pay; performance goals; and equity-based plan costs; |
| 2. |
Avoid arrangements that risk “pay for failure”: This principle addresses the appropriateness of long or indefinite contracts, excessive severance packages, and guaranteed compensation; |
| 3. |
Maintain an independent and effective compensation committee: This principle promotes oversight of executive pay programs by directors with appropriate skills, knowledge, experience, and a sound process for compensation decision-making (e.g., including access to independent expertise and advice when needed); |
| 4. |
Provide shareholders with clear, comprehensive compensation disclosures: This principle underscores the importance of informative and timely disclosures that enable shareholders to evaluate executive pay practices fully and fairly; |
| 5. |
Avoid inappropriate pay to non-executive directors: This principle recognizes the interests of shareholders in ensuring that compensation to outside directors is reasonable and does not compromise their independence and ability to make appropriate judgments in overseeing managers’ pay and performance. At the market level, it may incorporate a variety of generally accepted best practices. |
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on ballot items related to executive pay and practices, as well as certain aspects of outside director compensation. |
Vote against Advisory Votes on Executive Compensation (Say-on-Pay or “SOP”) if:
| ■ | There is an unmitigated misalignment between CEO pay and company performance (pay for performance); |
| ■ | The company maintains significant problematic pay practices; |
| ■ | The board exhibits a significant level of poor communication and responsiveness to shareholders. |
Vote against or withhold from the members of the Compensation Committee and potentially the full board if:
| ■ | There is no SOP on the ballot, and an against vote on an SOP would otherwise be warranted due to pay-for-performance misalignment, problematic pay practices, or the lack of adequate responsiveness on compensation issues raised previously, or a combination thereof; |
| ■ | The board fails to respond adequately to a previous SOP proposal that received less than 70 percent support of votes cast; |
| ■ | The company has recently practiced or approved problematic pay practices, such as option repricing or option backdating; or |
| ■ | The situation is egregious. |
Primary Evaluation Factors for Executive Pay
Pay-for-Performance Evaluation
ISS annually conducts a pay-for-performance analysis to identify strong or satisfactory alignment between pay and performance over a sustained period. With respect to companies in the S&P1500, Russell 3000, or Russell 3000E Indices8, this analysis considers the following:
| 1. |
Peer Group9 Alignment: |
| ■ | The degree of alignment between the company's annualized TSR rank and the CEO's annualized total pay rank within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. |
| ■ | The rankings of CEO total pay and company financial performance within a peer group, each measured over a three-year period. |
| ■ | The multiple of the CEO's total pay relative to the peer group median in the most recent fiscal year. |
| 2. |
Absolute Alignment10 the absolute alignment between the trend in CEO pay and company TSR over the prior five fiscal years i.e., the difference between the trend in annual pay changes and the trend in annualized TSR during the period. |
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If the above analysis demonstrates significant unsatisfactory long-term pay-for-performance alignment or, in the case of companies outside the Russell indices, a misalignment between pay and performance is otherwise suggested, our analysis may include any of the following qualitative factors, as relevant to an evaluation of how various pay elements may work to encourage or to undermine long-term value creation and alignment with shareholder interests:
| ■ | The ratio of performance- to time-based incentive awards; |
| ■ | The overall ratio of performance-based compensation to fixed or discretionary pay; |
| ■ | The rigor of performance goals; |
| ■ | The complexity and risks around pay program design; |
| ■ | The transparency and clarity of disclosure; |
| ■ | The company's peer group benchmarking practices; |
| ■ | Financial/operational results, both absolute and relative to peers; |
| ■ | Special circumstances related to, for example, a new CEO in the prior FY or anomalous equity grant practices (e.g., bi-annual awards); |
| ■ | Realizable pay11 compared to grant pay; and |
| ■ | Any other factors deemed relevant. |
Problematic Pay Practices
The focus is on executive compensation practices that contravene the global pay principles, including:
| ■ | Problematic practices related to non-performance-based compensation elements; |
| ■ | Incentives that may motivate excessive risk-taking or present a windfall risk; and |
| ■ | Pay decisions that circumvent pay-for-performance, such as options backdating or waiving performance requirements. |
Problematic Pay Practices related to Non-Performance-Based Compensation Elements
Pay elements that are not directly based on performance are generally evaluated case-by-case considering the context of a company's overall pay program and demonstrated pay-for-performance philosophy. Please refer to ISS' U.S. Compensation Policies FAQ document for detail on specific pay practices that have been identified as potentially problematic and may lead to negative recommendations if they are deemed to be inappropriate or unjustified relative to executive pay best practices. The list below highlights the problematic practices that carry significant weight in this overall consideration and may result in adverse vote recommendations:
| ■ | Repricing or replacing of underwater stock options/SARs without prior shareholder approval (including cash buyouts and voluntary surrender of underwater options); |
| ■ |
Extraordinary perquisites or tax gross-ups; |
| ■ |
New or materially amended agreements that provide for: |
| ■ |
Excessive termination or CIC severance payments (generally exceeding 3 times base salary and average/target/most recent bonus); |
| ■ |
CIC severance payments without involuntary job loss or substantial diminution of duties ("single" or "modified single" triggers) or in connection with a problematic Good Reason definition; |
| ■ |
CIC excise tax gross-up entitlements (including "modified" gross-ups); |
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| ■ | Multi-year guaranteed awards that are not at risk due to rigorous performance conditions; |
| ■ |
Liberal CIC definition combined with any single-trigger CIC benefits; |
| ■ |
Insufficient executive compensation disclosure by externally-managed issuers (EMIs) such that a reasonable assessment of pay programs and practices applicable to the EMI's executives is not possible; |
| ■ |
Any other provision or practice deemed to be egregious and present a significant risk to investors. |
Compensation Committee Communications and Responsiveness
Consider the following factors case-by-case when evaluating ballot items related to executive pay on the board’s responsiveness to investor input and engagement on compensation issues:
| ■ |
Failure to respond to majority-supported shareholder proposals on executive pay topics; or |
| ■ |
Failure to adequately respond to the company's previous say-on-pay proposal that received the support of less than 70 percent of votes cast, taking into account: |
| ■ |
Disclosure of engagement efforts with major institutional investors, including the frequency and timing of engagements and the company participants (including whether independent directors participated); |
| ■ |
Disclosure of the specific concerns voiced by dissenting shareholders that led to the say-on-pay opposition; |
| ■ |
Disclosure of specific and meaningful actions taken to address shareholders' concerns; |
| ■ |
Other recent compensation actions taken by the company; |
| ■ |
Whether the issues raised are recurring or isolated; |
| ■ |
The company's ownership structure; and |
| ■ |
Whether the support level was less than 50 percent, which would warrant the highest degree of responsiveness. |
Equity-Based and Other Incentive Plans
Please refer to ISS' U.S. Equity Compensation Plans FAQ document for additional details on the Equity Plan Scorecard policy.
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on certain equity-based compensation plans12 depending on a combination of certain plan features and equity grant practices, where positive factors may counterbalance negative factors, and vice versa, as evaluated using an "Equity Plan Scorecard" (EPSC) approach with three pillars: |
| ■ |
Plan Cost: The total estimated cost of the company’s equity plans relative to industry/market cap peers, measured by the company's estimated Shareholder Value Transfer (SVT) in relation to peers and considering both: |
| ■ |
SVT based on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants, plus outstanding unvested/unexercised grants; and |
| ■ |
SVT based only on new shares requested plus shares remaining for future grants. |
12 Proposals evaluated under the EPSC policy generally include those to approve or amend (1) stock option plans for employees and/or employees and directors, (2) restricted stock plans for employees and/or employees and directors, and (3) omnibus stock incentive plans for employees and/or employees and directors; amended plans will be further evaluated case-by-case.
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| ■ | Plan Features: |
| ■ | Quality of disclosure around vesting upon a change in control (CIC); |
| ■ | Discretionary vesting authority; |
| ■ | Liberal share recycling on various award types; |
| ■ | Lack of minimum vesting period for grants made under the plan; |
| ■ | Dividends payable prior to award vesting. |
| ■ | Grant Practices: |
| ■ | The company’s three-year burn rate relative to its industry/market cap peers; |
| ■ | Vesting requirements in CEO's recent equity grants (3-year look-back); |
| ■ | The estimated duration of the plan (based on the sum of shares remaining available and the new shares requested, divided by the average annual shares granted in the prior three years); |
| ■ | The proportion of the CEO's most recent equity grants/awards subject to performance conditions; |
| ■ | Whether the company maintains a sufficient claw-back policy; |
| ■ | Whether the company maintains sufficient post-exercise/vesting share-holding requirements. |
Generally vote against the plan proposal if the combination of above factors indicates that the plan is not, overall, in shareholders' interests, or if any of the following egregious factors ("overriding factors") apply:
| ■ | Awards may vest in connection with a liberal change-of-control definition; |
| ■ | The plan would permit repricing or cash buyout of underwater options without shareholder approval (either by expressly permitting it – for NYSE and Nasdaq listed companies – or by not prohibiting it when the company has a history of repricing – for non-listed companies); |
| ■ | The plan is a vehicle for problematic pay practices or a significant pay-for-performance disconnect under certain circumstances; |
| ■ | The plan is excessively dilutive to shareholders' holdings; |
| ■ | The plan contains an evergreen (automatic share replenishment) feature; or |
| ■ | Any other plan features are determined to have a significant negative impact on shareholder interests. |
Social and Environmental Issues
Global Approach
Issues covered under the policy include a wide range of topics, including consumer and product safety, environment and energy, labor standards and human rights, workplace and board diversity, and corporate political issues. While a variety of factors goes into each analysis, the overall principle guiding all vote recommendations focuses on how the proposal may enhance or protect shareholder value in either the short or long term.
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case, examining primarily whether implementation of the proposal is likely to enhance or protect shareholder value. The following factors will be considered: |
| ■ | If the issues presented in the proposal are more appropriately or effectively dealt with through legislation or government regulation; |
| ■ | If the company has already responded in an appropriate and sufficient manner to the issue(s) raised in the proposal; |
| ■ | Whether the proposal's request is unduly burdensome (scope or timeframe) or overly prescriptive; |
| ■ | The company's approach compared with any industry standard practices for addressing the issue(s) raised by the proposal; |
| ■ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's environmental or social practices; |
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| ■ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether reasonable and sufficient information is currently available to shareholders from the company or from other publicly available sources; and |
| ■ | If the proposal requests increased disclosure or greater transparency, whether implementation would reveal proprietary or confidential information that could place the company at a competitive disadvantage. |
Climate Change/Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for resolutions requesting that a company disclose information on the financial, physical, or regulatory risks it faces related to climate change on its operations and investments or on how the company identifies, measures, and manages such risks, considering: |
| ■ | Whether the company already provides current, publicly-available information on the impact that climate change may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; |
| ■ | The company's level of disclosure compared to industry peers; and |
| ■ | Whether there are significant controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's climate change-related performance. |
Generally vote for proposals requesting a report on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from company operations and/or products and operations, unless:
| ■ | The company already discloses current, publicly-available information on the impacts that GHG emissions may have on the company as well as associated company policies and procedures to address related risks and/or opportunities; |
| ■ | The company's level of disclosure is comparable to that of industry peers; and |
| ■ | There are no significant, controversies, fines, penalties, or litigation associated with the company's GHG emissions. |
Vote case-by-case on proposals that call for the adoption of GHG reduction goals from products and operations, taking into account:
| ■ | Whether the company provides disclosure of year-over-year GHG emissions performance data; |
| ■ | Whether company disclosure lags behind industry peers; |
| ■ | The company's actual GHG emissions performance; |
| ■ | The company's current GHG emission policies, oversight mechanisms, and related initiatives; and |
| ■ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent, significant violations, fines, litigation, or controversy related to GHG emissions. |
Board Diversity
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for requests for reports on a company's efforts to diversify the board, unless: |
| ■ | The gender and racial minority representation of the company’s board is reasonably inclusive in relation to companies of similar size and business; and |
| ■ | The board already reports on its nominating procedures and gender and racial minority initiatives on the board and within the company. |
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Vote case-by-case on proposals asking a company to increase the gender and racial minority representation on its board, taking into account:
| ■ | The degree of existing gender and racial minority diversity on the company’s board and among its executive officers; |
| ■ | The level of gender and racial minority representation that exists at the company’s industry peers; |
| ■ | The company’s established process for addressing gender and racial minority board representation; |
| ■ | Whether the proposal includes an overly prescriptive request to amend nominating committee charter language; |
| ■ | The independence of the company’s nominating committee; |
| ■ | Whether the company uses an outside search firm to identify potential director nominees; and |
| ■ | Whether the company has had recent controversies, fines, or litigation regarding equal employment practices. |
Gender, Race, or Ethnicity Pay Gap
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General Recommendation: Generally vote case-by-case on requests for reports on a company's pay data by gender, race, or ethnicity, or a report on a company’s policies and goals to reduce any gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap, taking into account: |
| ■ | The company's current policies and disclosure related to both its diversity and inclusion policies and practices and its compensation philosophy on fair and equitable compensation practices; |
| ■ | Whether the company has been the subject of recent controversy, litigation, or regulatory actions related to gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap issues; and |
| ■ | Whether the company's reporting regarding gender, race, or ethnicity pay gap policies or initiatives is lagging its peers. |
Sustainability Reporting
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting that a company report on its policies, initiatives, and oversight mechanisms related to social, economic, and environmental sustainability, unless: |
| ■ | The company already discloses similar information through existing reports or policies such as an environment, health, and safety (EHS) report; a comprehensive code of corporate conduct; and/or a diversity report; or |
| ■ | The company has formally committed to the implementation of a reporting program based on Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines or a similar standard within a specified time frame. |
Lobbying
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General Recommendation: Vote case-by-case on proposals requesting information on a company’s lobbying (including direct, indirect, and grassroots lobbying) activities, policies, or procedures, considering: |
| ■ | The company’s current disclosure of relevant lobbying policies, and management and board oversight; |
| ■ | The company’s disclosure regarding trade associations or other groups that it supports, or is a member of, that engage in lobbying activities; and |
| ■ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation regarding the company’s lobbying-related activities. |
Political Contributions
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General Recommendation: Generally vote for proposals requesting greater disclosure of a company's political contributions and trade association spending policies and activities, considering: |
| ■ | The company's policies, and management and board oversight related to its direct political contributions and payments to trade associations or other groups that may be used for political purposes; |
| ■ | The company's disclosure regarding its support of, and participation in, trade associations or other groups that may make political contributions; and |
| ■ | Recent significant controversies, fines, or litigation related to the company's political contributions or political activities. |
Vote against proposals barring a company from making political contributions. Businesses are affected by legislation at the federal, state, and local level; barring political contributions can put the company at a competitive disadvantage.
Vote against proposals to publish in newspapers and other media a company's political contributions. Such publications could present significant cost to the company without providing commensurate value to shareholders.
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PART C
Other Information
ITEM 28. EXHIBITS
| (a) | (1) | Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated October 12, 2017. (13) |
| (2) | Amended Schedule A dated December 11, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust. (17) | |
| (b) | By-Laws dated March 10, 2016. (1) | |
| (c) | Not applicable. | |
| (d) | (1)(i) | Master Investment Advisory Contract, dated June 24, 2016, between HSBC Funds and HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (1) |
| (1)(ii) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund. (1) | |
| (1)(iii) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC Frontier Markets Fund. (1) | |
| (1)(iv) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC High Yield Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Yield Bond Fund). (1) | |
| (1)(v) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC Strategic Income Fund (formerly the HSBC Global High Income Bond Fund). (1) | |
| (1)(vi) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund. (1) | |
| (1)(vii) | Investment Advisory Contract Supplement, dated June 24, 2016, regarding HSBC Opportunity Portfolio. (1) | |
| (2) | Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2016, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and Westfield Capital Management L.P. regarding HSBC Opportunity Portfolio. (1) | |
| (3) | Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2016, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, regarding HSBC Frontier Markets Fund. (11) | |
| (4) | Form-of Sub-Advisory Agreement, dated June 24, 2016, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, regarding HSBC Strategic Income Fund. (16) | |
| (e) | (1) | Form of Selling Agreement. (1) |
| (2) | Form of Dealer Agreement. (1) | |
| (3) | Distribution Agreement, dated May 31, 2017 between HSBC Funds and Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (13) | |
| (4) | First Amendment to the Distribution Agreement, dated June 7, 2018, between HSBC Funds and Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (14) | |
| (f) | Not applicable. | |
| (g) | (1) | Custodian Agreement, dated November 1, 2006, between HSBC Funds and The Northern Trust Company. (10) |
| (2) | Amended Schedule B to the Custodian Agreement between HSBC Funds and The Northern Trust Company, dated March 3, 2015. (13) | |
| (3) | Amended Schedule B to the Custodian Agreement between HSBC Funds and The Northern Trust Company, dated March 7, 2019. (16) | |
| (h) | (1)(i) | Operational Support Services Agreement, dated December 11, 2019 between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds on behalf of HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund and HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund. (17) |
| (1)(ii) | Support Services Agreement, dated December 11, 2019, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds on behalf of HSBC Frontier Markets Fund, HSBC High Yield Fund and HSBC Strategic Income Fund. (17) | |
| (2) | Services Agreement, dated December 14, 2017, between Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. and HSBC Funds. (13) | |
| (3) | Amendment to Services Agreement, dated April 12, 2018, between Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. and HSBC Funds. (14) | |
| (4) | Amendment to Services Agreement, dated December 13, 2018, between Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. and HSBC Funds. (14) | |
| (5) | Expense Limitation Agreement between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds, effective March 1, 2020. (17) | |
| (6) | Administration Services Agreement, dated June 24, 2016, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds. (1) | |
| (7) | Amendment to Administration Services Agreement, dated April 1, 2019, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds. (16) | |
| (8) | Sub-Administration Services Agreement, dated December 14, 2017, between Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. and HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (13) | |
| (9)(i) | Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated July 15, 2016, between DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., and HSBC Funds. (12) | |
| (9)(ii) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated October 13, 2016, between DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., and HSBC Funds. (12) | |
| (9)(iii) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated May 18, 2017, between DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., and HSBC Funds. (13) | |
| (9)(iv) | Amendment to Transfer Agency and Service Agreement, dated May 6, 2019, between DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc., and HSBC Funds. (16) | |
| (i) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel. (17) | |
| (j) | (1) | Power of Attorney. (1) |
| (2) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. (17) | |
| (k) | Not applicable. | |
| (l) | Not applicable. | |
| (m) | (1) | Master Distribution Plan relating to Class A Shares, dated June 24, 2016. (1) |
| (2) | Master Distribution Plan relating to Class B Shares, dated June 24, 2016. (1) | |
| (3) | Master Distribution Plan relating to Class C Shares, dated June 24, 2016. (1) | |
| (4) | Master Distribution Plan relating to Class D Shares, dated June 24, 2016. (1) | |
| (n) | Multiple Class Plan. (1) | |
| (o) | Not applicable. | |
| (p) | (1) | Code of Ethics for HSBC Funds. (14) |
| (2) | Amended Code of Ethics for HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. (16) | |
| (3) | Amended Code of Ethics for Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. (16) | |
| (4) | Amended Code of Ethics for Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (7) | |
| (5) | Code of Ethics for HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited. (9) |
* * * * * * * * * * * *
| (1) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 214 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on June 27, 2016. |
| (2) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 113 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2009. |
| (3) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 115 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on October 2, 2009. |
| (4) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 205 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 26, 2016. |
| (5) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 126 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 14, 2011. |
| (6) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 152 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2012. |
| (7) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 184 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2015. |
| (8) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 201 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on January 8, 2016. |
| (9) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 132 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on April 20, 2011. |
| (10) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 104 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2007. |
| (11) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 222 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on December 23, 2016. |
| (12) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 226 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017. |
| (13) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 227 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2018. |
| (14) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 230 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on January 31, 2019. |
| (15) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 232 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019. |
| (16) | Incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 243 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on December 20, 2019. |
| (17) | Filed herewith. |
ITEM 29. PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH REGISTRANT
Not applicable.
ITEM 30. INDEMNIFICATION
Article VII, Section 7.5 of the Registrant's Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides for the indemnification of the trustees, officers, employees, agents and other controlling persons of the Registrant. The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust is incorporated by reference as Exhibit (a).
Section 17(h) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 provides that no instrument pursuant to which Registrant is organized or administered shall contain any provision which protects or purports to protect any trustee or officer of Registrant against any liability to Registrant or its shareholders to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office.
Pursuant to the Distribution Agreement, Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. agrees to indemnify the Registrant, its officers, trustees, employees, and any person who controls the Trust (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act of 1933) against certain liabilities. A copy of the Registrant's Distribution Agreement is incorporated by reference as Exhibit (e)(3).
The Registrant may be party to other agreements that include indemnification, or substantially similar, provisions for the benefit of the Registrant's trustees, officers, employees and any person who controls the Trust.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Registrant's organizational instruments or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and, therefore, is unenforceable.
ITEM 31. BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF INVESTMENT ADVISERS
HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018, serves as investment adviser (“Adviser”) and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC Bank USA, Inc., a New York State chartered bank, which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of HSBC USA, Inc., a registered bank holding company. Information as to the directors and officers of the Adviser, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of the Adviser in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-69413) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
Information as to the directors and officers of Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P. (“Westfield”) together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of Westfield in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-34350) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
Information as to the directors and officers of HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited (“HSBC UK”), together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of HSBC UK in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-29922) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
ITEM 32. PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITER
| (a) | Foreside Distribution Services, L.P. (the “Distributor”) serves as principal underwriter for the following investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended: |
| 1. | HSBC Funds (f/k/a HSBC Investor Funds) |
| 2. | Princeton Long/Short Treasury Fund, Series of Northern Lights Fund Trust |
| 3. | Miles Funds, Inc. (f/k/a WB Capital Mutual Funds, Inc.) |
| (b) | The following are the Officers of the Distributor, the Registrant’s underwriter. The Distributor’s main business address is Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101. |
| Name | Address | Position with Underwriter | Position with Registrant | |||
| Mark A. Fairbanks | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President | None | |||
| Richard J. Berthy | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | President and Treasurer | None | |||
| Jennifer K. Di Valerio | 899 Cassatt Rd., 400 Berwyn Park, Suite 110, Berwyn, PA 19312 | Vice President | None | |||
| Jennifer E. Hoopes | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Secretary | None | |||
| Nanette K. Chern | Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, ME 04101 | Vice President and Chief Compliance Officer | None |
| (c) | Not applicable. |
ITEM 33. LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS
The account books and other documents required to be maintained by the Registrant pursuant to Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the Rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of: HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc., 452 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10018; Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc. 4400 Easton Commons, Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43219; Citi Fund Services Ohio, Inc., 800 Boylston Street, 24th Floor, Boston, MA 02199; Westfield Capital Management Company, L.P., One Financial Center, Boston, MA 02111; HSBC Global Asset Management (UK) Limited, 78 St. James's Street, London, SW1A 1EJ; Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, IL 60603; DST Asset Manager Solutions, Inc. 2000 Crown Colony Drive, Quincy, MA 02169.
ITEM 34. MANAGEMENT SERVICES
Not applicable.
ITEM 35. UNDERTAKINGS
None.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this registration statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this registration statement on Form N-1A (File No. 033-07647) (the “Registration Statement”) to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereto duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York on the 28th day of February, 2020.
HSBC FUNDS
| By: | /s/ Richard A. Fabietti | ||
| Richard A. Fabietti | |||
| President | |||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated as of the 28th day of February, 2020.
| /s/ Richard A. Fabietti | /s/ Lauren Stuntebeck | ||
| Richard A. Fabietti | Lauren Stuntebeck | ||
| President | Treasurer | ||
| Susan C. Gause* | Susan S. Huang* | ||
| Trustee | Trustee | ||
| Thomas F. Robards* | Deborah Hazell* | ||
| Trustee | Trustee | ||
| Marcia L. Beck* | |||
| Trustee | |||
| */s/ Ioannis Tzouganatos | |||
| Ioannis Tzouganatos |
* Ioannis Tzouganatos, as attorney-in-fact pursuant to a power of attorney incorporated herein by reference from post-effective amendment No. 214 to the Registration Statement as filed with the SEC on June 27, 2016.
EXHIBITS
| (a)(2) | Amended Schedule A dated December 11, 2019 to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust. |
| (h)(1)(i) | Operational Support Services Agreement, dated December 11, 2019 between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds on behalf of HSBC U.S. Government Money Market Fund and HSBC U.S. Treasury Money Market Fund. |
| (h)(1)(ii) | Support Services Agreement, dated December 11, 2019, between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds on behalf of HSBC Frontier Markets Fund, HSBC High Yield Fund and HSBC Strategic Income Fund. |
| (h)(5) | Expense Limitation Agreement between HSBC Global Asset Management (USA) Inc. and HSBC Funds, effective March 1, 2020. |
| (i) | Opinion and Consent of Counsel. |
| (j)(2) | Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. |