| OTHER INCOME/(LOSS) The amounts included in Other income/(loss), net for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions): | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Third Quarter | | First Nine Months | | | 2021 | | 2022 | | 2021 | | 2022 | Net periodic pension and OPEB income/(cost), excluding service cost (Note 14) | $ | 590 | | | $ | 431 | | | $ | 1,970 | | | $ | 1,320 | | | Investment-related interest income | 60 | | | 181 | | | 196 | | | 331 | | Interest income/(expense) on income taxes | 3 | | | 1 | | | — | | | 8 | | | Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments (a) | (7) | | | 609 | | | 899 | | | (7,365) | | Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates (Note 17 and Note 18) | 22 | | | 9 | | | 354 | | | (137) | | Gains/(Losses) on extinguishment of debt (Note 15) | (4) | | | (135) | | | (8) | | | (121) | | | Royalty income | 162 | | | 118 | | | 461 | | | 373 | | | Other | 26 | | | 104 | | | 11 | | | 236 | | | Total | $ | 852 | | | $ | 1,318 | | | $ | 3,883 | | | $ | (5,355) | |
__________ (a) Includes a $646 million gain and a $7.3 billion loss on our Rivian investment in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively.
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