v3.22.2.2
Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):
Third Quarter
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202120222021202220212022
Service cost$131 $125 $140 $101 $12 $10 
Interest cost232 263 107 123 31 36 
Expected return on assets(681)(642)(283)(245)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
1 — 5 6 (3)(1)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss(40)7 — — — — 
Separation programs/other10 9 23 11 1 1 
Settlements and curtailments
7 1 — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(340)$(237)$(8)$(4)$41 $46 
First Nine Months
 Pension Benefits  
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide OPEB
 202120222021202220212022
Service cost$396 $375 $423 $319 $36 $31 
Interest cost694 790 315 390 95 110 
Expected return on assets(2,047)(1,927)(852)(772)— — 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
2 1 17 18 (9)(2)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss201 7 (565)16 — — 
Separation programs/other15 20 107 28 1 — 
Settlements and curtailments
56 1 — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$(683)$(733)$(555)$(1)$123 $139 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

In the third quarter of 2021 and 2022, within separation programs/other, we recognized expenses of $22 million and $11 million, respectively, in non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing redesign programs. In the first nine months of 2021 and 2022, within separation programs/other, we recognized $106 million and $27 million, respectively, in non-U.S. pension plans related to ongoing redesign programs. Until our Global Redesign programs are completed, we anticipate further adjustments to our plans in subsequent periods.

Pension Plan Contributions
During 2022, we expect to contribute about $600 million of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $400 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first nine months of 2022, we contributed $458 million to our global funded pension plans and made $288 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.