The components of, and changes in, the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:


(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	U.S.		International		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,424	$	1,258	$	2,682
Additions	61		—		61
Other(a)	—		(51)		(51)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	1,485	$	1,207	$	2,692

The gross goodwill balance was $3,228 million and $3,218 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Accumulated goodwill impairment losses (generated entirely in fiscal 2002) were $536 million as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

The components of identifiable intangible assets are as follows:


	As of September 30, 2022						As of December 31, 2021
					Identifiable						Identifiable
	Gross				Intangible Assets		Gross				Intangible Assets
	Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated		Carrying		Accumulated		Less Accumulated
(MILLIONS OF DOLLARS)	Amount		Amortization		Amortization		Amount		Amortization		Amortization
Finite-lived intangible assets:
Developed technology rights	$	1,865	$	(1,009)	$	856	$	1,933	$	(949)	$	984
Brands and tradenames	395		(234)		161		426		(260)		166
Other	357		(229)		128		473		(335)		138
Total finite-lived intangible assets	2,617		(1,472)		1,145		2,832		(1,544)		1,288
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Brands and tradenames	91		—		91		91		—		91
In-process research and development	76		—		76		88		—		88
Product rights	7		—		7		7		—		7
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets	174		—		174		186		—		186
Identifiable intangible assets	$	2,791	$	(1,472)	$	1,319	$	3,018	$	(1,544)	$	1,474

Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that contribute to our ability to sell, manufacture, research, market and distribute products, compounds and intellectual property is included in Amortization of intangible assets as it benefits multiple business functions. Amortization expense related to finite-lived acquired intangible assets that are associated with a single function is included in Cost of sales, Selling, general and administrative expenses or Research and development expenses, as appropriate. Total amortization expense for finite-lived intangible assets was $48 million and $147 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively and $51 million and $154 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.