The components of intangible assets, all of which are finite-lived, were as follows:

(In millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount


	December 31, 2022							June 30, 2022

Technology-based	$	11,093	$	(7,073	)	$	4,020	$	11,277	$	(6,958	)	$	4,319
Customer-related		7,352		(3,646	)		3,706		7,342		(3,171	)		4,171
Marketing-related		4,942		(2,324	)		2,618		4,942		(2,143	)		2,799
Contract-based		21		(11	)		10		16		(7	)		9


Total	$	23,408	$	(13,054	)	$	10,354	$	23,577	$	(12,279	)	$	11,298

Intangible assets amortization expense was $632 million and $1.3 billion for the three and six months ended December 31, 2022, respectively, and $446 million and $885 million for the three and six months ended December 31, 2021, respectively.

The following table outlines the estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets held as of December 31, 2022:

(In millions)


Year Ending June 30,

2023 (excluding the six months ended December 31, 2022)	$	1,256
2024		2,377
2025		1,826
2026		1,309
2027		874
Thereafter		2,712


Total	$	10,354