Note 8 – Derivative Liabilities

The Company has identified derivative instruments arising from a make-whole feature in the Company’s outstanding Equity Line of Credit at March 31, 2023. 

The Company utilized a Monte Carlo simulation model to compute the fair value of the derivative and to mark to market the fair value of the derivative at each balance sheet date. The inputs utilized in the application of the simulation included a stock price on valuation date, the term of the make-whole feature, an estimated volatility, and a risk-free rate. The Company records the change in the fair value of the derivative as other income or expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Risk-free interest rate: The Company uses the risk-free interest rate of a U.S. Treasury Note adjusted to be on a continuous return basis to align with the Monte Carlo simulation model and binomial model.

Dividend yield: The Company uses a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future.

Volatility: The Company calculates the expected volatility based on the company’s historical stock prices with a look back period commensurate with the period to maturity. 

Expected term: The Company’s remaining term is based on the remaining contractual life of the make-whole feature.

The following are the changes in the derivative liabilities during the three months ended March 31, 2023: 

Note 9 – Derivative Liabilities

The Company has identified derivative instruments arising from convertible notes that have an option to convert at a variable number of shares in the Company’s convertible notes payable during the year ended December 31, 2022 and 2021. For the terms of the conversion features see Note 7. The Company had no derivative assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2022 or 2021.

The Company utilizes either a Monte Carlo simulation model or a binomial option model for convertible notes that have an option to convert at a variable number of shares to compute the fair value of the derivative and to mark to market the fair value of the derivative at each balance sheet date. The inputs utilized in the application of the Binomial model included a stock price on valuation date, an expected term of each debenture remaining from the valuation date to maturity, an estimated volatility, and a risk-free rate. The Company records the change in the fair value of the derivative as other income or expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

Risk-free interest rate: The Company uses the risk-free interest rate of a U.S. Treasury Note adjusted to be on a continuous return basis to align with the Monte Carlo simulation model and binomial model.

Dividend yield: The Company uses a 0% expected dividend yield as the Company has not paid dividends to date and does not anticipate declaring dividends in the near future.

Volatility: The Company calculates the expected volatility based on the company’s historical stock prices with a look back period commensurate with the period to maturity.

Expected term: The Company’s remaining term is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the convertible notes.

The following are the changes in the derivative liabilities during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.