v3.23.3
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANSThe components of retirement benefits expense (income) are as follows:
United States
pension benefit expense (income)		Non-United States
pension benefit expense (income)		Other postretirement
benefits expense (income)
Three months ended September 30
(In millions)202320222023202220232022
Service cost$4 $6 $11 $15 $— $— 
Interest cost35 32 22 12 3 2 
Expected return on plan assets(48)(50)(31)(28)— — 
Amortization1 2 1 11 (4)(1)
(8)(10)4 9 (1)— 
Settlements9 18 1 — — — 
Total expense (income)$1 $8 $5 $10 $(1)$— 
United States
pension benefit expense (income)		Non-United States
pension benefit expense (income)		Other postretirement
benefits expense (income)
Nine months ended September 30
(In millions)202320222023202220232022
Service cost$14 $22 $32 $45 $— $1 
Interest cost106 80 64 36 8 5 
Expected return on plan assets(146)(155)(91)(88)— — 
Amortization3 14 5 35 (13)(5)
(23)(39)11 27 (5)— 
Settlements28 49 2 1 — — 
Total expense (income)$5 $10 $13 $29 $(5)$— 
The components of retirement benefits expense (income) other than service costs are included in Other expense (income) - net.
During 2020, the Company announced it was freezing its United States pension plans for its non-union employees. The freeze was effective January 1, 2021 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit was determined under a cash balance formula and is effective January 1, 2026 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit is determined under a final average pay formula.
During the third quarter and first nine months of 2023, the Company recognized settlement losses from lump-sum distributions of $10 million and $30 million, respectively. During the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, the Company recognized settlement losses from lump-sum distributions of $18 million and $50 million, respectively. During the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, the Company remeasured certain pension plans as a result of lump-sum distributions exceeding or expected to exceed the sum of service and interest costs for the year. These remeasurements resulted in a decrease of $88 million and $178 million in funded status and corresponding increase in Accumulated other comprehensive loss in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, respectively.