| Revenue |
13. Revenue Disaggregation of revenue The following table provides information about disaggregation of revenue (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | | | | | Major products/services lines | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended | | Nine Months Ended | | | September 30, | | September 30, | | | 2023 | | 2022 | | 2023 | | 2022 | Sales of fuel cell systems | | $ | 37,650 | | $ | 75,919 | | $ | 138,682 | | $ | 146,859 | Sales of hydrogen infrastructure | | | 38,225 | | | 37,139 | | | 145,740 | | | 96,641 | Sales of electrolyzers | | | 26,628 | | | 6,842 | | | 73,627 | | | 14,576 | Sales of engineered equipment | | | 7,212 | | | 25,556 | | | 23,784 | | | 76,080 | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | 9,290 | | | 8,406 | | | 27,088 | | | 25,468 | Power purchase agreements | | | 20,068 | | | 9,524 | | | 44,135 | | | 30,730 | Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | 19,371 | | | 12,389 | | | 47,391 | | | 40,289 | Sales of cryogenic equipment and other | | | 35,415 | | | 12,529 | | | 161,677 | | | 48,909 | Other | | | 4,852 | | | 324 | | | 7,055 | | | 1,146 | Net revenue | | $ | 198,711 | | $ | 188,628 | | $ | 669,179 | | $ | 480,698 |
Contract balances The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers (in thousands): | | | | | | | | | September 30, | | December 31, | | | 2023 | | 2022 | Accounts receivable | | $ | 163,187 | | $ | 129,450 | Contract assets | | | 141,453 | | | 104,287 | Deferred revenue and contract liabilities | | | 253,597 | | | 229,898 |
Contract assets primarily relate to contracts for which revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis; however, billings escalate over the life of a contract. Contract assets also include amounts recognized as revenue in advance of billings to customers, which are dependent upon the satisfaction of another performance obligation. These amounts are included in contract assets on the accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. The contract liabilities relate to the advance consideration received from customers for services that will be recognized over time (primarily fuel cell and related infrastructure services) and advance consideration received from customers prior to delivery of products. These amounts are included within deferred revenue and other contract liabilities on the unaudited interim condensed consolidated balance sheets. Significant changes in the contract assets and the contract liabilities balances during the period are as follows (in thousands): | | | | | | | Contract assets | | | | | | | September 30, | | December 31, | | | 2023 | | 2022 | Transferred to receivables from contract assets recognized at the beginning of the period | | $ | (72,098) | | $ | (33,394) | Change in contract assets related to warrants | | | 10,644 | | | 26,455 | Impairment | | | (9,799) | | | — | Revenue recognized and not billed as of the end of the period | | | 108,419 | | | 72,469 | Net change in contract assets | | $ | 37,166 | | $ | 65,530 |
The $9.8 million impairment of the Company’s contract asset balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was due to the termination of a commercial agreement. | | | | | | | Deferred revenue and contract liabilities | | | | | September 30, | | December 31, | | | 2023 | | 2022 | Increases due to cash received, net of amounts recognized as revenue during the period | | $ | 186,470 | | $ | 200,347 | Change in contract liabilities related to warrants | | | 2,719 | | | — | Contract liabilities assumed as part of acquisitions | | | — | | | 10,011 | Revenue recognized that was included in the contract liability balance as of the beginning of the period | | | (165,490) | | | (163,550) | Net change in deferred revenue and contract liabilities | | $ | 23,699 | | $ | 46,808 |
Estimated future revenue The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future (sales of fuel cell systems, cryogenic equipment and other, engineered equipment and hydrogen installations and other infrastructure are expected to be recognized as revenue within one year; sales of electrolyzers are expected to be recognized as revenue within two years; sales of services, Power Purchase Agreements (“PPAs”), and fuel are expected to be recognized as revenue over five to ten years) related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period, including provision for common stock warrants (in thousands): | | | | | | September 30, | | | 2023 | Sales of fuel cell systems | | $ | 48,354 | Sales of hydrogen installations and other infrastructure | | | 32,927 | Sales of electrolyzers | | | 295,647 | Sales of engineered equipment | | | 14,457 | Services performed on fuel cell systems and related infrastructure | | | 121,524 | Power Purchase Agreements | | | 439,429 | Fuel delivered to customers and related equipment | | | 99,234 | Sales of cryogenic equipment and other | | | 151,614 | Total estimated future revenue | | $ | 1,203,186 |
Contract costs Contract costs consist of capitalized commission fees and other expenses related to obtaining or fulfilling a contract. Capitalized contract costs at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were $0.8 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
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