Fair Value Measurements

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value and nonrecurring fair value measurements are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:

•Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 — Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

•Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies and similar techniques.

The following tables set forth the fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy:


	December 31, 2023
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	250,055	(1)	$	—		$	—		$	250,055
Other current assets:
Digital assets held for users	—			46,624		(2)	—			$	46,624
Other non-current assets:
Derivative instruments	—			—			19,999		(5)	$	19,999
Equity securities	—			13,533		(4)	—			13,533
Total	$	250,055		$	60,157		$	19,999		$	330,211

Liabilities
Other current liabilities:
Digital assets held for users	$	—		$	46,624	(2)	$	—		$	46,624
Warrant liabilities	—			63,568		(6)	—			63,568
Total	$	—		$	110,192		$	—		$	110,192


	December 31, 2022
	Level 1			Level 2			Level 3			Total
Assets
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	304,216	(1)	$	—		$	—		$	304,216
Other current assets:
Digital assets held for users	—			38,444		(2)	—			38,444
Other non-current assets:
Derivative instruments	—			—			26,248		(5)	26,248
Equity securities	18,250		(3)	13,533		(4)	—			31,783

Total	$	322,466		$	51,977		$	26,248		$	400,691

Liabilities
Other current liabilities:
Digital assets held for users	$	—		$	38,444	(2)	$	—		$	38,444
Warrant liabilities	—			10,680		(6)	—			10,680
Total	$	—		$	49,124		$	—		$	49,124

(1)Represents the Company’s money market funds, which are classified as Level 1 because the Company measures these assets to fair value using quoted market prices.

(2)Represents the asset and liability balance for the digital assets held by the Company for its users, which are classified as Level 2 because the Company measures these digital assets to fair value using latest transaction price for similar transactions.

(3)Represents the Company’s marketable equity securities, which are classified as Level 1 because the Company measures these assets to fair value using quoted market prices.

(4)Represents the Company’s non-marketable equity securities, which are classified as Level 2 because the Company measures these assets to fair value using observable inputs for similar investments of the same issuer. The Company has elected the remeasurement alternative for these assets.

(5)Represents the Company’s derivative instruments held in other public and privately held entities. The Company measures these derivative instruments to fair value using option pricing models and, accordingly, classifies these assets as Level 3.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold Level 3 derivative instruments with a fair value at December 31, 2022 of $6.3 million for proceeds of $5.2 million and recorded loss of $0.1 million related to this sale. There were no new Level 3 derivative instruments purchased by or issued to the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023. During 2022, the Company did not purchase or issue a significant amount of new derivative instruments. The table below includes a range and an average weighted by relative fair value of the significant unobservable inputs used to measure these Level 3 derivative instruments to fair value. A change in these significant unobservable inputs might result in a significantly higher or lower fair value measurement at the reporting date. Changes to fair value of these instruments are recorded in Other (loss) income, net on the consolidated statements of operations and Loss (gain) on marketable equity securities and other financial assets, net in the consolidated statement of cash flows.


	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	Range (Weighted Average)	Range (Weighted Average)
Significant Unobservable Input of Level 3 Investments	(amounts in dollars)	(amounts in dollars)
Underlying stock price of Level 3 investments	$12.79 - $19.80 ($19.41)	$7.30 - $19.80 ($16.53)
Volatility of Level 3 investments	75.0% - 80.0% (79.7%)	56.0% - 80.0% (74.1%)
Risk-free rate of Level 3 investments	1.3% - 4.2% (4.0%)	1.3% - 4.3% (4.1%)

(6)The Company measures its Private Warrants and the GNOG Private Warrants to fair value using a binomial lattice model or a Black-Scholes model, where appropriate, with the significant assumptions being observable inputs and, accordingly, classifies these liabilities as Level 2. Key assumptions used in the valuation of the Private Warrants and GNOG Private Warrants include term, risk free rate and volatility. See Note 7 Current and Long-term Liabilities and Note 13 Loss Per Share for further information on the Company’s warrant liabilities.

During 2022, the Company recorded an unrealized gain of $19.9 million in the aggregate for its Level 3 financial assets. The Company did not record any unrealized gains or losses for its Level 3 financial assets during 2023 or 2021.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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