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Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0011 0.0011 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 11 35 62 141 Portfolio Turnover The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 80% of the Fund’s assets to fixed income securities and 20% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:• U.S. fixed income securities 56%• Foreign fixed income securities 24%• U.S. stocks 12%• Foreign stocks 8%The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. Principal Risks The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests most of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected tobe relatively low.• With a target allocation of approximately 80% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.• With a target allocation of approximately 20% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices.• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Income Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.0751 2023-12-31 Lowest -0.0693 2022-06-30 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.0948 0.0327 0.0336 0.0813 0.0222 0.0232 0.0566 0.0215 0.0221 0.0961 0.0356 0.0358 0.0553 0.0110 0.0181 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investment Objective The Fund seeks to provide current income and low to moderate capital appreciation. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0012 0.0012 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 12 39 68 154 Portfolio Turnover The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 60% of the Fund’s assets to fixed income securities and 40% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:• U.S. fixed income securities 42%• U.S. stocks 24%• Foreign fixed income securities 18%• Foreign stocks 16%The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. Principal Risks The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests more than half of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected to be low to moderate.• With a target allocation of approximately 60% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner, or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.• With a target allocation of approximately 40% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Conservative Growth Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.0968 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.0905 2022-06-30 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1248 0.0552 0.0477 0.1069 0.0433 0.0362 0.0792 0.0398 0.0339 0.1269 0.0591 0.0504 0.0553 0.0110 0.0181 0.2606 0.1505 0.1140 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investment Objective The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and a low to moderate level of current income. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0013 0.0013 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 13 42 73 166 Portfolio Turnover The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 5% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.05 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 40% of the Fund’s assets to fixed income securities and 60% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:• U.S. stocks 36%• U.S. fixed income securities 28%• Foreign stocks 24%• Foreign fixed income securities 12%The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). Principal Risks The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because fixed income securities such as bonds usually are less volatile than stocks and because the Fund invests a significant portion of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected to be moderate.• With a target allocation of approximately 60% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.• With a target allocation of approximately 40% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of relevant market indexes and a composite stock/bond index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Moderate Growth Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1322 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.1289 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1549 0.0768 0.0609 0.1411 0.0664 0.0510 0.0963 0.0579 0.0456 0.1579 0.0817 0.0642 0.0553 0.0110 0.0181 0.2606 0.1505 0.1140 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investment Objective The Fund seeks to provide capital appreciation and some current income. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0014 0.0014 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 14 45 79 179 Portfolio Turnover The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 3% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.03 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund invests in a mix of Vanguard mutual funds according to an asset allocation strategy that reflects an allocation of approximately 20% of the Fund’s assets to fixed income securities and 80% to common stocks. The targeted percentage of the Fund’s assets allocated to the underlying asset classes is:• U.S. stocks 48%• Foreign stocks 32%• U.S. fixed income securities 14%• Foreign fixed income securities 6%The Fund’s indirect stock holdings are a diversified mix of U.S. and foreign large-, mid-, and small-capitalization stocks. The Fund’s indirect fixed income holdings are a diversified mix of short-, intermediate-, and long-term U.S. government, U.S. agency, and investment-grade U.S. corporate bonds; mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities; and government, agency, corporate, and securitized investment-grade foreign bonds issued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar (but hedged by Vanguard to minimize foreign currency exposure). Principal Risks The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because stocks usually are more volatile than bonds and because the Fund invests most of its assets in stocks, the Fund’s overall level of risk is expected to be moderate to high.• With a target allocation of approximately 80% of its assets in stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions; and currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Country/regional risk and currency risk are especially high in emerging markets.• With a target allocation of approximately 20% of its assets in fixed income securities, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including the following: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices overall will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that the issuer of a security will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that security to decline, thus reducing an underlying fund’s return; and income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupon rates or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in currency-hedged foreign bonds: country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value and/or liquidity of securities issued by foreign governments, government agencies, or companies; and currency hedging risk, which is the chance that the currency hedging transactions entered into by the underlying foreign fixed income securities funds may not perfectly offset the fund’s foreign currency exposure.• The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and a composite bond/stock index, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard LifeStrategy Growth Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1682 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.1760 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1855 0.0983 0.0736 0.1752 0.0894 0.0647 0.1138 0.0761 0.0568 0.1891 0.1033 0.0772 0.2606 0.1505 0.1140 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Fund Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation and income. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0000 0 0.0000 0.0031 0.0031 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund (based on the fees and expenses of the acquired funds) with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the Fund provides a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses of the Fund and its underlying funds remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 32 100 174 393 Portfolio Turnover The Fund may pay transaction costs, such as purchase fees, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 6% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.06 Principal Investment Strategies As a fund of funds, Vanguard STAR Fund invests in a diversified portfolio of other Vanguard mutual funds rather than in individual securities. The Fund follows a balanced investment approach by investing 60% to 70% of its assets in common stocks through seven underlying stock funds; 20% to 30% of its assets in bonds through two underlying bond funds; and 10% to 20% of its assets in short-term investments through an underlying short-term bond fund. Through the underlying funds, Vanguard STAR Fund owns a diversified mix of stocks and bonds. The Fund’s stock holdings emphasize large-capitalization stocks of domestic companies and, to a lesser extent, a diversified group of stocks in companies located outside the United States. The Fund’s bond holdings focus predominantly on short- and long-term investment-grade corporate bonds and GNMA mortgage-backed securities. Principal Risks The Fund is subject to the risks associated with the stock and bond markets, any of which could cause an investor to lose money, and the level of risk may vary based on market conditions. However, because stock and bond prices can move in different directions or to different degrees, the Fund’s bond and short-term investment holdings may counteract some of the volatility experienced by the Fund’s stock holdings. The Fund’s balanced portfolio, in the long run, should result in less investment risk—but a lower investment return—than that of a fund investing exclusively in common stocks. • With 60% to 70% of its assets allocated to stocks, the Fund is proportionately subject to stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. Investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. The Fund is also subject to the following risks associated with investments in foreign stocks: currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates; and country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. • With its remaining assets allocated to bonds and short-term investments, the Fund is proportionately subject to bond risks, including: interest rate risk, which is the chance that bond prices will decline because of rising interest rates; credit risk, which is the chance that a bond issuer will fail to pay interest or principal in a timely manner or that negative perceptions of the issuer’s ability to make such payments will cause the price of that bond to decline, thus reducing the underlying fund’s return; income risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund’s income will decline because of falling interest rates; liquidity risk, which is the chance that an underlying fund may not be able to sell a security in a timely manner at a desired price; and extension risk, which is the chance that during periods of rising interest rates, certain debt securities will be paid off substantially more slowly than originally anticipated, and the value of those securities may fall, or the underlying fund’s ability to reinvest repayment proceeds at higher interest rates may be delayed. If an underlying fund holds securities that are callable, the underlying fund’s income may decline because of call risk, which is the chance that during periods of falling interest rates, issuers of callable bonds may call (redeem) securities with higher coupons or interest rates before their maturity dates. An underlying fund would then lose any price appreciation above the bond’s call price and would be forced to reinvest the unanticipated proceeds at lower interest rates, resulting in a decline in the underlying fund’s income. For mortgage-backed securities, this risk is known as prepayment risk. • The Fund is also subject to asset allocation risk, which is the chance that the selection of underlying funds, and the allocation of a high percentage of assets to a relatively few number of underlying funds, may cause the Fund to be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of any one underlying fund or to underperform other funds with a similar investment objective. • The Fund is also subject to manager risk, which is the chance that poor security selection will cause one or more of the Fund’s actively managed underlying funds—and, thus, the Fund itself—to underperform relevant benchmarks or other funds with a similar investment objective. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and composite stock/bond benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The STAR Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard weighted 43.75% MSCI U.S. Broad Market Index, 25% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, 12.5% Bloomberg U.S. 1-5 Year Credit Bond Index, and 18.75% MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. MSCI international benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The STAR Composite Average is based on data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, and is weighted 43.75% general equity funds average, 25% fixed income funds average, 12.5% 1-5 year investment-grade funds average, and 18.75% international funds average. Returns for the STAR Composite Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Fund compare with those of a relevant market index and composite stock/bond benchmarks, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. The STAR Composite Index is a custom blended index developed by Vanguard weighted 43.75% MSCI U.S. Broad Market Index, 25% Bloomberg U.S. Aggregate Bond Index, 12.5% Bloomberg U.S. 1-5 Year Credit Bond Index, and 18.75% MSCI ACWI ex USA Index. MSCI international benchmark returns are adjusted for withholding taxes. The STAR Composite Average is based on data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company, and is weighted 43.75% general equity funds average, 25% fixed income funds average, 12.5% 1-5 year investment-grade funds average, and 18.75% international funds average. Returns for the STAR Composite Average are derived from data provided by Lipper, a Thomson Reuters Company. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard STAR Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1669 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.1302 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1711 0.0934 0.0717 0.1534 0.0745 0.0547 0.1080 0.0702 0.0528 0.1649 0.0907 0.0687 0.2606 0.1505 0.1140 0.0735 0.0470 0.0394 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Fund Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0016 0 0.0002 0.0018 Examples The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Investor Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 18 58 101 230 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index includes approximately 8,327 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2023, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 16%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index. Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. • Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Investor Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund.FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Investor Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Investor Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Investor Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1808 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.2433 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1544 0.0728 0.0403 0.1445 0.0650 0.0327 0.0961 0.0562 0.0303 0.1579 0.0746 0.0420 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Investor Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Fund Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 25 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0010 0 0.0002 0.0012 Examples The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 12 39 68 154 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index includes approximately 8,327 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2023, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 16%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index. Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. • Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund.FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Admiral Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Admiral Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Admiral Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1811 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.2430 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1552 0.0734 0.0409 0.1451 0.0654 0.0332 0.0967 0.0566 0.0308 0.1579 0.0746 0.0420 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Admiral Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the Admiral Shares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. ETF Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0006 0 0.0002 0.0008 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s ETF Shares with the cost of investing in other funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to sell your shares at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 8 26 45 103 This example does not include the brokerage commissions that you may pay to buy and sell ETF Shares of the Fund. Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index includes approximately 8,327 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2023, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 16%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index. Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. • Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index.Because ETF Shares are traded on an exchange, they are subject to additional risks:• The Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq and are bought and sold on the secondary market at market prices. Although it is expected that the market price of an ETF Share typically will approximate its net asset value (NAV), there may be times when the market price and the NAV differ significantly. Thus, you may pay more or less than NAV when you buy ETF Shares on the secondary market, and you may receive more or less than NAV when you sell those shares.• Although the Fund’s ETF Shares are listed for trading on Nasdaq, it is possible that an active trading market may not be maintained.• Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may be halted by the activation of individual or marketwide trading halts (which halt trading for a specific period of time when the price of a particular security or overall market prices decline by a specified percentage). Trading of the Fund’s ETF Shares may also be halted if (1) the shares are delisted from Nasdaq without first being listed on another exchange or (2) Nasdaq officials determine that such action is appropriate in the interest of a fair and orderly market or for the protection of investors. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund.FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s ETF Shares (based on NAV) has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the ETF Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund ETF Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1812 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.2430 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1556 0.0739 0.0412 0.1453 0.0658 0.0334 0.0970 0.0570 0.0309 0.1592 0.0741 0.0406 0.1579 0.0746 0.0420 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Fund Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.0007 0.0006 0 0 0.0002 0.0002 0.0009 0.0008 Examples The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Shares or Institutional Plus Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 9 29 51 115 8 26 45 103 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index includes approximately 8,327 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2023, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 16%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index. Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. • Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund.FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index and other comparative indexes, which have investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1812 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.2431 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 0.1553 0.0737 0.0412 0.1451 0.0656 0.0334 0.0968 0.0569 0.0310 0.1554 0.0738 0.0413 0.1579 0.0746 0.0420 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the InstitutionalShares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are shown only for the InstitutionalShares and may differ for each share class. After-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. Fund Summary Investment Objective The Fund seeks to track the performance of a benchmark index that measures the investment return of stocks issued by companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. Fees and Expenses The following tables describe the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Institutional Select Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and example below. Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment) 0 0 0 0 Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment) 0.00037 0 0.00013 Example The following example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund’s Institutional Select Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It illustrates the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund’s shares. This example assumes that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be: 5 16 28 64 Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense example, reduce the Fund’s performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund’s portfolio turnover rate was 4% of the average value of its portfolio. 0.04 Principal Investment Strategies The Fund employs an indexing investment approach designed to track the performance of the FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index, a float-adjusted market-capitalization-weighted index designed to measure equity market performance of companies located in developed and emerging markets, excluding the United States. The FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index includes approximately 8,327 stocks of companies located in 48 markets. As of October 31, 2023, the largest markets covered in the Index were Japan, the United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, and Switzerland (which made up approximately 16%, 10%, 8%, 7%, 7%, and 6%, respectively, of the Index’s market capitalization). The Fund invests all, or substantially all, of its assets in the common stocks included in its target index. Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. • Stock market risk, which is the chance that stock prices overall will decline. Stock markets tend to move in cycles, with periods of rising prices and periods of falling prices. The Fund’s investments in foreign stocks can be riskier than U.S. stock investments. Foreign stocks may be more volatile and less liquid than U.S. stocks. The prices of foreign stocks and the prices of U.S. stocks may move in opposite directions. In addition, the Fund’s target index may, at times, become focused in stocks of a particular market sector, which would subject the Fund to proportionately higher exposure to the risks of that sector.• Investment style risk, which is the chance that returns from non-U.S. small- and mid-capitalization stocks will trail returns from global stock markets. Historically, non-U.S. small- and mid-cap stocks have been more volatile in price than the large-cap stocks that dominate the global markets, and they often perform quite differently.• Country/regional risk, which is the chance that world events—such as political upheaval, financial troubles, or natural disasters—will adversely affect the value of securities issued by companies in foreign countries or regions. Because the Fund may invest a large portion of its assets in securities of companies located in any one country or region, the Fund’s performance may be hurt disproportionately by the poor performance of its investments in that area. Country/regional risk is especially high in emerging markets. In particular, the Fund’s investments in Chinese issuers may subject the Fund to risks associated with that region, including considerable degrees of social, legal, regulatory, political, and economic uncertainty.• Currency risk, which is the chance that the value of a foreign investment, measured in U.S. dollars, will decrease because of unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates. Currency risk is especially high in emerging markets.• Emerging markets risk, which is the chance that the stocks of companies located in emerging markets will be substantially more volatile, and substantially less liquid, than the stocks of companies located in more developed foreign markets because, among other factors, emerging markets can have greater custodial and operational risks; less developed legal, tax, regulatory, and accounting systems; and greater political, social, and economic instability than developed markets.• Index replicating risk, which is the chance that the Fund may be prevented from holding one or more securities in the same proportion as in its target index. An investment in the Fund is not a deposit of a bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. Annual Total Returns The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Select Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Select Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. Updated performance information is available on our website at vanguard.com/performance or by calling Vanguard toll-free at 800-662-7447. The following bar chart and table are intended to help you understand the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows how the performance of the Fund’s Institutional Select Shares has varied from one calendar year to another over the periods shown. The table shows how the average annual total returns of the Institutional Select Shares compare with those of the Fund’s target index, which has investment characteristics similar to those of the Fund. FTSE Global All Cap ex US Index returns are adjusted for withholding taxes applicable to U.S.-based mutual funds organized as Delaware statutory trusts. Keep in mind that the Fund’s past performance (before and after taxes) does not indicate how the Fund will perform in the future. vanguard.com/performance 800-662-7447 Annual Total Returns — Vanguard Total International Stock Index Fund Institutional Select Shares During the periods shown in the bar chart, the highest and lowest returns for a calendar quarter were: Highest 0.1813 2020-06-30 Lowest -0.2430 2020-03-31 Average Annual Total Returns for Periods Ended December 31, 2023 2016-06-24 0.1556 0.0741 0.0724 0.1453 0.0659 0.0644 0.0971 0.0571 0.0565 0.1579 0.0746 0.0722 Actual after-tax returns depend on your tax situation and may differ from those shown in the preceding table. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. When after-tax returns are calculated, it is assumed that the shareholder was in the highest individual federal marginal income tax bracket at the time of each distribution of income or capital gains or upon redemption. State and local income taxes are not reflected in the calculations. Please note that after-tax returns are not relevant for a shareholder who holds fund shares in a tax-deferred account, such as an individual retirement account or a 401(k) plan. Also, figures captioned Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares may be higher than other figures for the same period if a capital loss occurs upon redemption and results in an assumed tax deduction for the shareholder. None through Vanguard (Broker fees vary)