
	DAC								DSI		VOBA		Total DAC, DSI and VOBA
(In millions)	Traditional deferred annuities		Indexed annuities		Funding agreements		Other investment-type		Indexed annuities
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3,372	$	3,372
Additions	320		784		14		9		411		—		1,538

Amortization	(16)		(29)		(3)		—		(12)		(384)		(444)
Balance at December 31, 2022	304		755		11		9		399		2,988		4,466
Additions	701		863		3		3		634		—		2,204

Amortization	(115)		(101)		(4)		(1)		(63)		(404)		(688)
Other	—		—		—		—		—		(3)		(3)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	890	$	1,517	$	10	$	11	$	970	$	2,581	$	5,979

Deferred costs related to universal life-type policies and investment contracts with significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of the policyholder funds, including traditional deferred annuities and indexed annuities, are amortized on a constant-level basis for a cohort of contracts using initial premium or deposit. Significant inputs and assumptions are required for determining the expected duration of the cohort and involves using accepted actuarial methods to determine decrement rates related to policyholder behavior for lapses, withdrawals (surrenders) and mortality. The assumptions used to determine the amortization of DAC and DSI are consistent with those used to estimate the related liability balance.

Deferred costs related to investment contracts without significant revenue streams from sources other than investment of policyholder funds are amortized using the effective interest method, which primarily includes funding agreements. The effective interest method requires inputs to project future cash flows, which for funding agreements includes contractual terms of notional value, periodic interest payments based on either fixed or floating interest rates, and duration. For other investment-type contracts which include immediate annuities and assumed endowments without significant mortality risks, assumptions are required related to policyholder behavior for lapses and withdrawals (surrenders).

Athene’s insurance and reinsurance subsidiaries are subject to insurance laws and regulations in the jurisdictions in which they operate, including Bermuda and the U.S. Certain regulations include restrictions that limit the dividends or other distributions, such as loans or cash advances, available to stockholders without prior approval of the insurance regulatory authorities. The differences between financial statements prepared for insurance regulatory authorities and U.S. GAAP financial statements vary by jurisdiction.

ALRe, AARe, Athene Co-Invest Reinsurance Affiliate 1A Ltd. (“ACRA 1A”) and Athene Co-Invested Reinsurance Affiliate 2A Ltd. (“ACRA 2A”) are each licensed by the Bermuda Monetary Authority (the “BMA”) as long-term insurers and are subject to the Insurance Act 1978, as amended (the “Bermuda Insurance Act”) and regulations promulgated thereunder. The BMA implemented the Economic Balance Sheet (the “EBS”) framework into the Bermuda Solvency Capital Requirement (“BSCR”), which was granted equivalence to the European Union’s Directive (2009/138/EC) (“Solvency II”).

Under the Bermuda Insurance Act, long-term insurers are required to maintain minimum statutory capital and surplus to meet the minimum margin of solvency (“MMS”) and minimum economic statutory capital and surplus (EBS capital and surplus) to meet the Enhanced Capital Requirement (“ECR”). For Athene’s Class C reinsurers, ACRA 1A and ACRA 2A, MMS is equal to the greater of $500,000, 1.5% of the total statutory assets or 25% of ECR. For Athene’s Class E reinsurers, ALRe and AARe, MMS is equal to the greater of $8 million, 2% of the first $500 million of statutory assets plus 1.5% of statutory assets above $500 million or 25% of ECR. For each class, the ECR is calculated based on a risk-based capital model where risk factor charges are applied to the EBS. The ECR is floored at the MMS. As of December 31, 2023, Athene’s Bermuda subsidiaries were in excess of the minimum levels required. For Athene’s Bermuda reinsurance subsidiaries, the ECR is the binding regulatory constraint. The following represents the EBS capital and surplus and BSCR ratios:


	December 31, 20231		December 31, 2022
(In millions, except percentages)	EBS capital & surplus		BSCR ratio		EBS capital & surplus		BSCR ratio
ALRe	$	18,245	233	%	$	16,759	256	%
AARe	26,647		291	%	21,876		278	%
ACRA 1A	5,296		219	%	5,993		262	%
ACRA 2A	3,717		353	%	198		N/A

1 Amounts reported reflect Athene’s best estimates as of the date these financial statements were issued and exclude the impact of any deferred taxes that may be recorded on a statutory basis as a result of the enactment of the Bermuda CIT.

Under the Bermuda statutory framework, statutory financial statements are generally equivalent to U.S. GAAP financial statements, with the exception of prudential filters and permitted practices granted by the BMA. Athene’s Bermuda subsidiaries have permission in the statutory financial statements to use amortized cost instead of fair value as the basis for certain investments. Additionally, Athene’s Bermuda subsidiaries use U.S. statutory reserving principles for the calculation of insurance reserves instead of U.S. GAAP, subject to the reserves being proved adequate based on cash flow testing.


	December 31, 2023
(In millions)	ALRe		AARe		ACRA 1A		ACRA 2A
Increase (decrease) to capital and surplus due to permitted practices	$	3,031	$	8,619	$	4,105	$	(938)
Increase (decrease) to statutory net income due to permitted practices	(1,593)		(8,278)		(1,471)		(930)

Under the Bermuda Insurance Act, Athene’s Bermuda subsidiaries are prohibited from paying a dividend in an amount exceeding 25% of the prior year’s statutory capital and surplus, unless at least two members of the companies’ respective board of directors and its principal representative in Bermuda sign and submit to the BMA an affidavit attesting that a dividend in excess of this amount would not cause the subsidiary to fail to meet its relevant margins. In certain instances, the Bermuda subsidiary would also be required to provide prior notice to the BMA in advance of the payment of dividends. In the event that such an affidavit is submitted to the BMA, and further subject to meeting the MMS and ECR requirements, a Bermuda subsidiary is permitted to distribute up to the sum of 100% of statutory surplus and an amount less than 15% of statutory capital. Distributions in excess of this amount require the approval of the BMA. The following represents the maximum distribution Athene’s Bermuda subsidiaries would be permitted to remit to its parent without the need for prior approval:

Each entity’s statutory statements are presented on the basis of accounting practices determined by the respective regulatory authority. The regulatory authority recognizes only statutory accounting practices prescribed or permitted by the corresponding state for determining and reporting the financial condition and results of operations of an insurance company and for determining its solvency under insurance law.

The maximum dividend these subsidiaries can pay to stockholders, without prior approval of the respective state insurance department, is subject to restrictions relating to statutory surplus or net gain from operations. The maximum dividend payment over a twelve-month period may not, without prior approval, be paid from a source other than earned surplus and may not exceed the greater of (1) the prior year’s net gain from operations or (2) 10% of policyholders’ surplus. Based on these restrictions, the maximum dividend AADE could pay to its parent absent regulatory approval was $0 million as of each of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Any dividends from AHL’s other U.S. statutory entities in excess of the amounts allowed for AADE would not be able to be remitted to its parent without regulatory approval from the Delaware Department of Insurance.

In some instances, the states of domicile of U.S. subsidiaries have adopted prescribed accounting practices that differ from the required accounting outlined in NAIC Statutory Accounting Principles (“SAP”). These subsidiaries also have certain accounting practices permitted by the states of domicile that differ from those found in NAIC SAP. These prescribed and permitted practices are described as follows:

Among the products issued by AAIA are indexed universal life insurance and fixed indexed annuities. These products allow a portion of the premium to earn interest based on certain indices, primarily the S&P 500. Athene purchases call options, futures and variance swaps to hedge the growth in interest credited to the customer as a direct result of increases in the related index. The Iowa Insurance Division allows an insurer to elect (1) to use an amortized cost method to account for certain derivative instruments, such as call options, purchased to hedge the growth in interest credited to the customer on indexed insurance products and (2) to use an indexed annuity reserve calculation methodology under which call options associated with the current index interest crediting term are valued at zero. AAIA has elected to apply this option to its over-the-counter call options and reserve liabilities. As a result, AAIA’s statutory surplus decreased by $28 million and increased by $62 million as of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

AAIA has ceded the AmerUs Closed Block to Athene Re USA IV on a 100% funds withheld basis. A permitted practice in the State of Vermont allows Athene Re USA IV to include as admitted assets the face amount of all issued and outstanding letters of credit used to fund its reinsurance obligations to AAIA in its statutory financial statements. If Athene Re USA IV had not

followed this permitted practice, then it would not have exceeded authorized control level risk-based capital requirements. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Athene Re USA IV included as admitted assets $96 million and $112 million, respectively, related to the outstanding letters of credit.

The following table presents, for each of Athene’s primary insurance subsidiaries, the statutory capital and surplus and the statutory net income (loss), based on the most recent statutory financial statements to be filed with insurance regulators:


	Statutory capital & surplus				Statutory net income (loss)
(In millions)	December 31, 2023		December 31, 2022		Year ended December 31, 2023		Year ended December 31, 2022
ALRe	$	14,474	$	13,084	$	832	$	937
AARe	17,773		17,126		408		1,329
ACRA 1A	5,092		5,637		297		(87)
ACRA 2A	1,952		198		(759)		(2)
AADE	3,144		2,298		—		(20)
AAIA	2,876		2,067		(209)		(238)
AANY	290		284		(3)		(23)