v3.24.0.1
Fair Value (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Schedule of Financial Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value
The following summarize the Company’s financial assets and liabilities recorded at fair value hierarchy level:

December 31, 2023
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Assets
Asset Management
Cash and cash equivalents$2,748 $— $— $— $2,748 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1
2 — — — 2 
Cash and cash equivalents of VIEs62 — — — 62 
Investments, at fair value202 38 1,188 
2
61 1,489 
Investments of VIEs— 16 1,492 127 1,635 
Due from related parties3
— — 37 — 37 
Derivative assets4
— — 13 — 13 
Total Assets – Asset Management
3,014 54 2,730 188 5,986 
(Continued)
December 31, 2023
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Retirement Services
AFS Securities
U.S. government and agencies5,392 7 — — 5,399 
U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions— 1,046 — — 1,046 
Foreign governments895 964 40 — 1,899 
Corporate10 75,711 2,525 — 78,246 
CLO— 20,207 — — 20,207 
ABS— 6,440 6,943 — 13,383 
CMBS— 6,570 21 — 6,591 
RMBS— 7,302 265 — 7,567 
Total AFS securities6,297 118,247 9,794 — 134,338 
Trading securities24 1,654 28 — 1,706 
Equity securities210 699 26 — 935 
Mortgage loans— — 44,115 — 44,115 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (3,379)— (3,379)
Derivative assets108 5,190 — — 5,298 
Short-term investments— 236 105 — 341 
Other investments— 313 630 — 943 
Cash and cash equivalents13,020 — — — 13,020 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1,761 — — — 1,761 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— 181 1,171 — 1,352 
CLO— 3,762 506 — 4,268 
ABS— 563 7,826 — 8,389 
Total AFS securities – related parties— 4,506 9,503 — 14,009 
Trading securities— — 838 — 838 
Equity securities63 — 255 — 318 
Mortgage loans— — 1,281 — 1,281 
Investment funds— — 1,082 — 1,082 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (721)— (721)
Other investments— — 343 — 343 
Reinsurance recoverable— — 1,367 — 1,367 
Other assets7
— — 378 — 378 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— 284 1,852 — 2,136 
Mortgage loans— — 2,173 — 2,173 
Investment funds— — 977 14,843 15,820 
Other investments— 2 101 — 103 
Cash and cash equivalents98 — — — 98 
Total Assets – Retirement Services
21,581 131,131 70,748 14,843 238,303 
Total Assets$24,595 $131,185 $73,478 $15,031 $244,289 
Liabilities
Asset Management
Other liabilities of VIEs, at fair value$— $3 $— $— $3 
Contingent consideration obligations5
— — 93 — 93 
Derivative liabilities4
— 42 — — 42 
Total Liabilities – Asset Management
— 45 93 — 138 
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative— — 9,059 — 9,059 
Universal life benefits— — 834 — 834 
(Continued)
December 31, 2023
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block— — 1,178 — 1,178 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits— — 522 — 522 
Market risk benefits7
— — 3,751 — 3,751 
Derivative liabilities17 1,977 1 — 1,995 
Other liabilities— (64)330 — 266 
Total Liabilities – Retirement Services
17 1,913 15,675 — 17,605 
Total Liabilities$17 $1,958 $15,768 $— $17,743 
(Concluded)
December 31, 2022
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Assets
Asset Management
Cash and cash equivalents$1,201 $— $— $— $1,201 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents1
1,048 — — — 1,048 
Cash and cash equivalents of VIEs110 — — — 110 
U.S. Treasury securities709 — — — 709 
Investments, at fair value190 39 1,083 
2
8 1,320 
Investments of VIEs— 1,537 727 105 2,369 
Due from related parties3
— — 43 — 43 
Derivative assets4
— — 15 — 15 
Total Assets – Asset Management
3,258 1,576 1,868 113 6,815 
Retirement Services
AFS Securities
U.S. government and agencies2,570 7 — — 2,577 
U.S. state, municipal and political subdivisions— 927 — — 927 
Foreign governments— 906 1 — 907 
Corporate— 59,236 1,665 — 60,901 
CLO— 16,493 — — 16,493 
ABS— 5,660 4,867 — 10,527 
CMBS— 4,158 — — 4,158 
RMBS— 5,682 232 — 5,914 
Total AFS securities2,570 93,069 6,765 — 102,404 
Trading securities23 1,519 53 — 1,595 
Equity securities150 845 92 — 1,087 
Mortgage loans— — 27,454 — 27,454 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (4,847)— (4,847)
Derivative assets42 3,267 — — 3,309 
Short-term investments29 455 36 — 520 
Other investments— 170 441 — 611 
Cash and cash equivalents7,779 — — — 7,779 
Restricted cash and cash equivalents628 — — — 628 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate— 170 812 — 982 
CLO— 2,776 303 — 3,079 
ABS— 218 5,542 — 5,760 
Total AFS securities – related parties— 3,164 6,657 — 9,821 
Trading securities— — 878 — 878 
(Continued)
December 31, 2022
(In millions)Level 1Level 2Level 3NAVTotal
Equity securities— — 279 — 279 
Mortgage loans— — 1,302 — 1,302 
Investment funds— — 959 — 959 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— — (1,425)— (1,425)
Other investments— — 303 — 303 
Reinsurance recoverable— — 1,388 — 1,388 
Other assets7
— — 481— 481 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities5 436 622 — 1,063 
Mortgage loans— — 2,055 — 2,055 
Investment funds— — 2,471 10,009 12,480 
Other investments— 2 99 — 101 
Cash and cash equivalents362 — — — 362 
Total Assets – Retirement Services
11,588 102,927 46,063 10,009 170,587 
Total Assets$14,846 $104,503 $47,931 $10,122 $177,402 
Liabilities
Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations5
$— $— $86 $— $86 
Derivative liabilities4
— 57 — — 57 
Other liabilities6
2 — — — 2 
Total Liabilities – Asset Management
2 57 86 — 145 
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative— — 5,841 — 5,841 
Universal life benefits— — 829 — 829 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block— — 1,164 — 1,164 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits— — 548 — 548 
Market risk benefits7
— — 2,970 — 2,970 
Derivative liabilities38 1,607 1 — 1,646 
Other liabilities— (77)142 — 65 
Total Liabilities – Retirement Services
38 1,530 11,495 — 13,063 
Total Liabilities$40 $1,587 $11,581 $— $13,208 
(Concluded)
1 Restricted cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 includes $0 million and $1,046 million, respectively, of restricted cash and cash equivalents held by consolidated SPACs.
2 Investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 excludes $218 million and $198 million, respectively, of performance allocations classified as Level 3 related to certain investments for which the Company elected the fair value option. The Company’s policy is to account for performance allocations as investments.
3 Due from related parties represents a receivable from a fund.
4 Derivative assets and derivative liabilities are presented as a component of Other assets and Other liabilities, respectively, in the consolidated statements of financial condition.
5 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, Other liabilities includes $26 million and $31 million, respectively, of contingent obligations related to the Griffin Capital acquisition, classified as Level 3 and profit sharing payable includes $67 million and $55 million, respectively, related to contingent obligations classified as Level 3.
6 Other liabilities as of December 31, 2022 includes the publicly traded warrants of APSG II.
7 Other assets consist of market risk benefits assets. See note 12 for additional information on market risk benefits assets and liabilities valuation methodology and additional fair value disclosures.
Schedule of Valuation Techniques and Quantitative Inputs and Assumptions used for Financial Assets and Liabilities
The following tables summarize the valuation techniques and quantitative inputs and assumptions used for financial assets and liabilities categorized as Level 3:

December 31, 2023
Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation TechniqueUnobservable InputsRangesWeighted Average
Financial Assets
Asset Management
Investments$857 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
10.5% – 52.8%
17.2%
1
112Direct capitalizationCapitalization rate6.9%6.9%
219Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Due from related parties37Discounted cash flowDiscount rate14.0%14.0%
Derivative assets13Option modelVolatility rate62.5%62.5%
Investments of consolidated VIEs
Bank loans605 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
7.7% – 11.0%
9.4%
1
64 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Equity securities494Dividend discount modelDiscount rate13.5%13.5%
131Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bonds35Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.1% -13.0%
10.7%
1
163Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Retirement Services
AFS, trading and equity securities14,247 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
2.3% – 18.1%
7.0%
1
Mortgage loans2
47,569 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
2.5% – 20.6%
6.8%
1
Investment funds2
1,574 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.3% – 13.5%
11.2%
1
483 Net tangible asset valuesImplied multiple
1.14x
1.14x
Financial Liabilities
Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations93 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
20.0% – 25.0%
23.3%
1
Option modelVolatility rate
31.4% – 33.4%
32.4%
1
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives9,059 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk
0.4% – 1.4%
0.9%
3
Option budget
0.5% – 6.0%
2.3%
4
Surrender rate
6.0% – 13.4%
8.7%
4
1 Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
2 Includes those of consolidated VIEs.
3 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the projected cash flows attributable to the embedded derivative.
4 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
 December 31, 2022
Fair Value
(In millions)
Valuation TechniquesUnobservable InputsRangesWeighted Average
Financial Assets
Asset Management
Investments$526 Embedded valueN/AN/AN/A
128 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
8.9% – 52.8%
28.7%
1
429 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Due from related parties43 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate15.0%15.0%
Derivative assets15 Option modelVolatility rate60.0%60.0%
Investments of consolidated VIEs
Equity securities458 Dividend discount modelDiscount rate12.1%12.1%
Bank loans215 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
6.4% – 32.7%
8.0%
1
29 Adjusted transaction valueN/AN/AN/A
Bonds25 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate7.9%7.9%
Retirement Services
AFS, trading and equity securities10,671 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
2.2% – 18.8%
6.8%
1
Mortgage loans2
30,811 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
1.5% – 22.1%
6.3%
1
Investment funds2
506 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate6.4%6.4%
873 Discounted cash flow /
Guideline public equity
Discount rate /
P/E
16.5% / 9x
16.5% / 9x
529 Net tangible asset valuesImplied multiple
1.26x
1.26x
563 Reported net asset valueReported net asset valueN/AN/A
959 Embedded valueN/AN/AN/A
Financial Liabilities
Contingent consideration obligations86 Discounted cash flowDiscount rate
20.0% – 25.0%
22.7%
1
Option modelVolatility rate
29.8% – 39.6%
34.7%
1
Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities – fixed indexed annuities embedded derivatives5,841 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk
0.1% – 1.7%
1.0%
3
Option budget
0.5% – 5.3%
1.9%
4
Surrender rate
5.1% – 11.5%
8.1%
4
1 Unobservable inputs were weighted based on the fair value of the investments included in the range.
2 Includes those of consolidated VIEs.
3 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the projected cash flows attributable to the embedded derivative.
4 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
The following summarizes the unobservable inputs for market risk benefits:

December 31, 2023
(In millions, except for percentages)Fair valueValuation techniqueUnobservable inputsMinimumMaximumWeighted averageImpact of an increase in the input on fair value
Market risk benefits, net
$3,373 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk0.4 %1.4 %1.2 %
1
Decrease
Option budget0.5 %6.0 %1.9 %
2
Decrease
Surrender rate3.2 %6.4 %4.5 %
2
Decrease
Utilization rate28.6 %95.0 %83.6 %
3
Increase
December 31, 2022
(In millions, except for percentages)
Fair value
Valuation techniqueUnobservable inputsMinimumMaximumWeighted averageImpact of an increase in the input on fair value
Market risk benefits, net
$2,489 Discounted cash flowNonperformance risk0.2 %1.6 %1.4 %
1
Decrease
Option budget0.5 %5.3 %1.7 %
2
Decrease
Surrender rate3.3 %6.7 %4.4 %
2
Decrease
Utilization rate28.6 %95.0 %82.3 %
3
Increase
1 The nonperformance risk weighted average is based on the cash flows underlying the market risk benefit reserve.
2 The option budget and surrender rate weighted averages are calculated based on projected account values.
3 The utilization of GLWB withdrawals represents the estimated percentage of policyholders that are expected to use their income rider over the duration of the contract, with the weighted average based on current account values.
Schedule of Level 3 Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following are reconciliations for Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
Year ended December 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,098 $63 $— $40 $— $1,201 $68 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs727 69 — 698 (2)1,492 13 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,825 $132 $— $738 $(2)$2,693 $81 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$1 $— $(2)$41 $— $40 $— $(2)
Corporate1,665 (21)45 1,298 (462)2,525 — 21 
ABS4,867 (9)61 3,241 (1,217)6,943 — 45 
CMBS— — 1 — 20 21 — 3 
RMBS232 8 4 256 (235)265 — 2 
Trading securities53 2 — (16)(11)28 — — 
Equity securities92 (8)— (45)(13)26 — — 
Mortgage loans27,454 183 — 16,478 — 44,115 184 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(4,847)1,468 — — — (3,379)— — 
Short-term investments36 — (3)69 3 105 — — 
Other investments441 — — 189 — 630 (3)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate812 3 (32)173 215 1,171 — (32)
CLO303 — 18 185 — 506 — 18 
ABS5,542 19 103 1,878 284 7,826 6 96 
Trading securities878 12 — (52)— 838 8 — 
Equity securities279 8 — (32)— 255 7 — 
Mortgage loans1,302 9 — (30)— 1,281 8 — 
Investment funds959 91 — 32 — 1,082 91 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(1,425)704 — — — (721)— — 
Other investments303 (2)— 42 — 343 (3)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,388 (21)— — — 1,367 — — 
(Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities622 69 — (116)1,277 1,852 69 — 
Mortgage loans2,055 (9)— 127 — 2,173 (9)— 
Investment funds2,471 (30)— 73 (1,537)977 (31)— 
Other investments99 9 — (7)— 101 9 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,582 $2,485 $195 $23,784 $(1,676)$70,370 $336 $151 
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$86 $11 $— $(4)$— $93 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$86 $11 $— $(4)$— $93 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(5,841)$(1,443)$— $(1,775)$— $(9,059)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(829)(5)— — — (834)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,164)(14)— — — (1,178)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(548)26 — — — (522)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(142)(113)— (75)— (330)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(8,525)$(1,549)$— $(1,850)$— $(11,924)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

Year ended December 31, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$946 $20 $— $109 $23 $1,098 $56 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs13,188 252 — (13)(12,700)727 17 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$14,134 $272 $— $96 $(12,677)$1,825 $73 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$2 $(1)$— $— $— $1 $— $— 
Corporate1,339 (16)(123)364 101 1,665 — (119)
CLO14 (2)— (9)(3)— — — 
ABS3,619 1 (183)788 642 4,867 — (216)
CMBS43 — (17)— (26)— — — 
RMBS— — 3 295 (66)232 — 4 
Trading securities69 (9)— (10)3 53 (5)— 
Equity securities429 26 — (4)(359)92 22 — 
Mortgage loans21,154 (2,761)— 9,061 — 27,454 (2,747)— 
(Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Investment funds18 1 — — (19)— — — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— (4,847)— — — (4,847)— — 
Short-term investments29 — — 7 — 36 — — 
Other investments— (91)— 36 496 441 (91)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate670 (3)(16)202 (41)812 — (16)
CLO202 — (29)130 — 303 — (29)
ABS6,445 16 (256)(715)52 5,542 (11)(259)
Trading securities1,771 3 — (1,084)188 878 1 — 
Equity securities284 (2)— (15)12 279 — — 
Mortgage loans1,369 (225)— 158 — 1,302 (225)— 
Investment funds2,855 78 — 57 (2,031)959 119 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— (1,425)— — — (1,425)— — 
Short-term investments— — — 53 (53)— — — 
Other investments— 14 — 15 274 303 14 — 
Reinsurance recoverable1,991 (603)— — — 1,388 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— 49 — 530 43 622 11 — 
Mortgage loans2,152 (227)— (31)161 2,055 (226)— 
Investment funds1,297 72 — 1,862 (760)2,471 58 — 
Other investments — (17)— 31 85 99 (24)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,752 $(9,969)$(621)$11,721 $(1,301)$45,582 $(3,104)$(635)
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$126 $(63)$— $23 $— $86 $— $— 
Debt and other liabilities of consolidated VIEs7,528 (28)— (442)(7,058)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$7,654 $(91)$— $(419)$(7,058)$86 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(7,408)$2,768 $— $(1,201)$— $(5,841)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(1,235)406 — — — (829)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,520)356 — — — (1,164)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(742)194 — — — (548)— — 
Derivative liabilities(3)2 — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities— (37)— (105)— (142)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(10,908)$3,689 $— $(1,306)$— $(8,525)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.
The following represents the gross components of purchases, issuances, sales and settlements, net, and net transfers in (out) shown above:

Year ended December 31, 2023
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$45 $— $(5)$— $40 $— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs5,019 — (4,321)— 698 — (2)(2)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$5,064 $— $(4,326)$— $738 $— $(2)$(2)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$53 $— $— $(12)$41 $— $— $— 
Corporate1,704 — (177)(229)1,298 29 (491)(462)
ABS4,221 — (33)(947)3,241 828 (2,045)(1,217)
CMBS— — — — — 20 — 20 
RMBS262 — — (6)256 5 (240)(235)
Trading securities8 — — (24)(16)5 (16)(11)
Equity securities— — (45)— (45)— (13)(13)
Mortgage loans21,018 — (529)(4,011)16,478 — — — 
Short-term investments100 — — (31)69 26 (23)3 
Other investments620 — — (431)189 — — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate184 — — (11)173 215 — 215 
CLO185 — — — 185 — — — 
ABS3,751 — (162)(1,711)1,878 284 — 284 
Trading securities66 — (38)(80)(52)— — — 
Equity securities— — — (32)(32)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (30)(30)— — — 
Investment funds32 — — — 32 — — — 
Other investments42 — — — 42 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities40 — (156)— (116)1,308 (31)1,277 
Mortgage loans203 — — (76)127 — — — 
Investment funds113 — (40)— 73 475 (2,012)(1,537)
Other investments14 — (21)— (7)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$32,616 $— $(1,201)$(7,631)$23,784 $3,195 $(4,871)$(1,676)
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $— $— $(4)$(4)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $— $— $(4)$(4)$— $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(2,431)$— $656 $(1,775)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — (75)(75)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(2,431)$— $581 $(1,850)$— $— $— 
Year ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet purchases, issuances, sales and settlements
Transfers In1
Transfers Out1
Net Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$230 $— $(121)$— $109 $23 $— $23 
Investments of consolidated VIEs3,349 — (3,362)— (13)2,072 (14,772)(12,700)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$3,579 $— $(3,483)$— $96 $2,095 $(14,772)$(12,677)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$685 $— $(177)$(144)$364 $393 $(292)$101 
CLO3 — — (12)(9)— (3)(3)
ABS3,306 — (1,791)(727)788 1,089 (447)642 
CMBS— — — — — — (26)(26)
RMBS296 — — (1)295 — (66)(66)
Trading securities8 — (9)(9)(10)56 (53)3 
Equity securities— — (4)— (4)41 (400)(359)
Mortgage loans12,367 — (198)(3,108)9,061 — — — 
Investment funds— — — — — — (19)(19)
Short-term investments59 — — (52)7 — — — 
Other investments48 — (12)— 36 496 — 496 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate483 — (263)(18)202 53 (94)(41)
CLO130 — — — 130 — — — 
ABS2,889 — (94)(3,510)(715)1,916 (1,864)52 
Trading securities43 — (1,081)(46)(1,084)1,448 (1,260)188 
Equity securities195 — (119)(91)(15)125 (113)12 
Mortgage loans182 — — (24)158 — — — 
Investment funds91 — (34)— 57 — (2,031)(2,031)
Short-term investments53 — — — 53 — (53)(53)
Other investments31 — (16)— 15 274 — 274 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading Securities531 — (1)— 530 430 (387)43 
Equity securities— — — — — 15 (15)— 
Mortgage loans176 — — (207)(31)384 (223)161 
Investment funds2,014 — (152)— 1,862 11,550 (12,310)(760)
Other investments33 — (2)— 31 2,018 (1,933)85 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$23,623 $— $(3,953)$(7,949)$11,721 $20,288 $(21,589)$(1,301)
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $36 $— $(13)$23 $— $— $— 
Debt and other liabilities of consolidated VIEs— — — (442)(442)1,568 (8,626)(7,058)
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $36 $— $(455)$(419)$1,568 $(8,626)$(7,058)
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(1,701)$— $500 $(1,201)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — (105)(105)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(1,701)$— $395 $(1,306)$— $— $— 
1 Transfers in and out are primarily assets of VIEs with changes in consolidation at Athene in 2022.
Schedule of Level 3 Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Year ended December 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$1,098 $63 $— $40 $— $1,201 $68 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs727 69 — 698 (2)1,492 13 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$1,825 $132 $— $738 $(2)$2,693 $81 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$1 $— $(2)$41 $— $40 $— $(2)
Corporate1,665 (21)45 1,298 (462)2,525 — 21 
ABS4,867 (9)61 3,241 (1,217)6,943 — 45 
CMBS— — 1 — 20 21 — 3 
RMBS232 8 4 256 (235)265 — 2 
Trading securities53 2 — (16)(11)28 — — 
Equity securities92 (8)— (45)(13)26 — — 
Mortgage loans27,454 183 — 16,478 — 44,115 184 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(4,847)1,468 — — — (3,379)— — 
Short-term investments36 — (3)69 3 105 — — 
Other investments441 — — 189 — 630 (3)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate812 3 (32)173 215 1,171 — (32)
CLO303 — 18 185 — 506 — 18 
ABS5,542 19 103 1,878 284 7,826 6 96 
Trading securities878 12 — (52)— 838 8 — 
Equity securities279 8 — (32)— 255 7 — 
Mortgage loans1,302 9 — (30)— 1,281 8 — 
Investment funds959 91 — 32 — 1,082 91 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative(1,425)704 — — — (721)— — 
Other investments303 (2)— 42 — 343 (3)— 
Reinsurance recoverable1,388 (21)— — — 1,367 — — 
(Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2023
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities622 69 — (116)1,277 1,852 69 — 
Mortgage loans2,055 (9)— 127 — 2,173 (9)— 
Investment funds2,471 (30)— 73 (1,537)977 (31)— 
Other investments99 9 — (7)— 101 9 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,582 $2,485 $195 $23,784 $(1,676)$70,370 $336 $151 
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$86 $11 $— $(4)$— $93 $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$86 $11 $— $(4)$— $93 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(5,841)$(1,443)$— $(1,775)$— $(9,059)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(829)(5)— — — (834)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,164)(14)— — — (1,178)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(548)26 — — — (522)— — 
Derivative liabilities(1)— — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities(142)(113)— (75)— (330)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(8,525)$(1,549)$— $(1,850)$— $(11,924)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.

Year ended December 31, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$946 $20 $— $109 $23 $1,098 $56 $— 
Investments of Consolidated VIEs13,188 252 — (13)(12,700)727 17 — 
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$14,134 $272 $— $96 $(12,677)$1,825 $73 $— 
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$2 $(1)$— $— $— $1 $— $— 
Corporate1,339 (16)(123)364 101 1,665 — (119)
CLO14 (2)— (9)(3)— — — 
ABS3,619 1 (183)788 642 4,867 — (216)
CMBS43 — (17)— (26)— — — 
RMBS— — 3 295 (66)232 — 4 
Trading securities69 (9)— (10)3 53 (5)— 
Equity securities429 26 — (4)(359)92 22 — 
Mortgage loans21,154 (2,761)— 9,061 — 27,454 (2,747)— 
(Continued)
Year ended December 31, 2022
Total realized and unrealized gains (losses)
(In millions)Beginning balanceIncluded in incomeIncluded in OCINet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsNet transfers in (out)Ending balance
Total gains (losses) included in earnings1
Total gains (losses) included in OCI1
Investment funds18 1 — — (19)— — — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— (4,847)— — — (4,847)— — 
Short-term investments29 — — 7 — 36 — — 
Other investments— (91)— 36 496 441 (91)— 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate670 (3)(16)202 (41)812 — (16)
CLO202 — (29)130 — 303 — (29)
ABS6,445 16 (256)(715)52 5,542 (11)(259)
Trading securities1,771 3 — (1,084)188 878 1 — 
Equity securities284 (2)— (15)12 279 — — 
Mortgage loans1,369 (225)— 158 — 1,302 (225)— 
Investment funds2,855 78 — 57 (2,031)959 119 — 
Funds withheld at interest – embedded derivative— (1,425)— — — (1,425)— — 
Short-term investments— — — 53 (53)— — — 
Other investments— 14 — 15 274 303 14 — 
Reinsurance recoverable1,991 (603)— — — 1,388 — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities— 49 — 530 43 622 11 — 
Mortgage loans2,152 (227)— (31)161 2,055 (226)— 
Investment funds1,297 72 — 1,862 (760)2,471 58 — 
Other investments — (17)— 31 85 99 (24)— 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$45,752 $(9,969)$(621)$11,721 $(1,301)$45,582 $(3,104)$(635)
Liabilities – Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$126 $(63)$— $23 $— $86 $— $— 
Debt and other liabilities of consolidated VIEs7,528 (28)— (442)(7,058)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$7,654 $(91)$— $(419)$(7,058)$86 $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Embedded derivative$(7,408)$2,768 $— $(1,201)$— $(5,841)$— $— 
Universal life benefits(1,235)406 — — — (829)— — 
Future policy benefits
AmerUs Closed Block(1,520)356 — — — (1,164)— — 
ILICO Closed Block and life benefits(742)194 — — — (548)— — 
Derivative liabilities(3)2 — — — (1)— — 
Other liabilities— (37)— (105)— (142)— — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$(10,908)$3,689 $— $(1,306)$— $(8,525)$— $— 
(Concluded)
1 Related to instruments held at end of period.
The following represents the gross components of purchases, issuances, sales and settlements, net, and net transfers in (out) shown above:

Year ended December 31, 2023
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet purchases, issuances, sales and settlementsTransfers InTransfers OutNet Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$45 $— $(5)$— $40 $— $— $— 
Investments of consolidated VIEs5,019 — (4,321)— 698 — (2)(2)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$5,064 $— $(4,326)$— $738 $— $(2)$(2)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Foreign governments$53 $— $— $(12)$41 $— $— $— 
Corporate1,704 — (177)(229)1,298 29 (491)(462)
ABS4,221 — (33)(947)3,241 828 (2,045)(1,217)
CMBS— — — — — 20 — 20 
RMBS262 — — (6)256 5 (240)(235)
Trading securities8 — — (24)(16)5 (16)(11)
Equity securities— — (45)— (45)— (13)(13)
Mortgage loans21,018 — (529)(4,011)16,478 — — — 
Short-term investments100 — — (31)69 26 (23)3 
Other investments620 — — (431)189 — — — 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate184 — — (11)173 215 — 215 
CLO185 — — — 185 — — — 
ABS3,751 — (162)(1,711)1,878 284 — 284 
Trading securities66 — (38)(80)(52)— — — 
Equity securities— — — (32)(32)— — — 
Mortgage loans— — — (30)(30)— — — 
Investment funds32 — — — 32 — — — 
Other investments42 — — — 42 — — — 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading securities40 — (156)— (116)1,308 (31)1,277 
Mortgage loans203 — — (76)127 — — — 
Investment funds113 — (40)— 73 475 (2,012)(1,537)
Other investments14 — (21)— (7)— — — 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$32,616 $— $(1,201)$(7,631)$23,784 $3,195 $(4,871)$(1,676)
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $— $— $(4)$(4)$— $— $— 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $— $— $(4)$(4)$— $— $— 
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(2,431)$— $656 $(1,775)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — (75)(75)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(2,431)$— $581 $(1,850)$— $— $— 
Year ended December 31, 2022
(In millions)PurchasesIssuancesSalesSettlementsNet purchases, issuances, sales and settlements
Transfers In1
Transfers Out1
Net Transfers In (Out)
Assets – Asset Management
Investments and derivative assets$230 $— $(121)$— $109 $23 $— $23 
Investments of consolidated VIEs3,349 — (3,362)— (13)2,072 (14,772)(12,700)
Total Level 3 assets – Asset Management
$3,579 $— $(3,483)$— $96 $2,095 $(14,772)$(12,677)
Assets – Retirement Services
AFS securities
Corporate$685 $— $(177)$(144)$364 $393 $(292)$101 
CLO3 — — (12)(9)— (3)(3)
ABS3,306 — (1,791)(727)788 1,089 (447)642 
CMBS— — — — — — (26)(26)
RMBS296 — — (1)295 — (66)(66)
Trading securities8 — (9)(9)(10)56 (53)3 
Equity securities— — (4)— (4)41 (400)(359)
Mortgage loans12,367 — (198)(3,108)9,061 — — — 
Investment funds— — — — — — (19)(19)
Short-term investments59 — — (52)7 — — — 
Other investments48 — (12)— 36 496 — 496 
Investments in related parties
AFS securities
Corporate483 — (263)(18)202 53 (94)(41)
CLO130 — — — 130 — — — 
ABS2,889 — (94)(3,510)(715)1,916 (1,864)52 
Trading securities43 — (1,081)(46)(1,084)1,448 (1,260)188 
Equity securities195 — (119)(91)(15)125 (113)12 
Mortgage loans182 — — (24)158 — — — 
Investment funds91 — (34)— 57 — (2,031)(2,031)
Short-term investments53 — — — 53 — (53)(53)
Other investments31 — (16)— 15 274 — 274 
Assets of consolidated VIEs
Trading Securities531 — (1)— 530 430 (387)43 
Equity securities— — — — — 15 (15)— 
Mortgage loans176 — — (207)(31)384 (223)161 
Investment funds2,014 — (152)— 1,862 11,550 (12,310)(760)
Other investments33 — (2)— 31 2,018 (1,933)85 
Total Level 3 assets – Retirement Services
$23,623 $— $(3,953)$(7,949)$11,721 $20,288 $(21,589)$(1,301)
Liabilities - Asset Management
Contingent consideration obligations$— $36 $— $(13)$23 $— $— $— 
Debt and other liabilities of consolidated VIEs— — — (442)(442)1,568 (8,626)(7,058)
Total Level 3 liabilities – Asset Management
$— $36 $— $(455)$(419)$1,568 $(8,626)$(7,058)
Liabilities – Retirement Services
Interest sensitive contract liabilities - Embedded derivative$— $(1,701)$— $500 $(1,201)$— $— $— 
Other liabilities— — — (105)(105)— — — 
Total Level 3 liabilities – Retirement Services
$— $(1,701)$— $395 $(1,306)$— $— $— 
1 Transfers in and out are primarily assets of VIEs with changes in consolidation at Athene in 2022.
Schedule of Gain (Losses) Recorded for Financial Instruments Elected the Fair Value Option The following represents the mortgage loan portfolio, with fair value option loans presented at unpaid principal balance:
(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Commercial mortgage loans$27,630 $21,061 
Commercial mortgage loans under development1,228 790 
Total commercial mortgage loans28,858 21,851 
Mark to fair value(2,246)(1,743)
Commercial mortgage loans26,612 20,108 
Residential mortgage loans21,894 11,802 
Mark to fair value(937)(1,099)
Residential mortgage loans20,957 10,703 
Mortgage loans$47,569 $30,811 
The following represents the gains (losses) recorded for instruments for which Athene has elected the fair value option, including related parties and VIEs:
Years ended December 31,
(In millions)20232022
Trading securities$66 $(424)
Mortgage loans183 (3,213)
Investment funds77 114 
Future policy benefits(14)356 
Other liabilities(113)(37)
Total gains (losses)$199 $(3,204)
The following summarizes information for fair value option mortgage loans, including related parties and VIEs:

(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance$50,752 $33,653 
Mark to fair value(3,183)(2,842)
Fair value$47,569 $30,811 

The following represents the commercial mortgage loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$221 $74 
Mark to fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status(74)(55)
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$147 $19 
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans 90 days or more past due$64 $2 
Fair value of commercial mortgage loans in non-accrual status147 19 

The following represents the residential loan portfolio 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status:

(In millions)December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Unpaid principal balance of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$528 $522 
Mark to fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status(49)(50)
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due and/or in non-accrual status$479 $472 
Fair value of residential mortgage loans 90 days or more past due1
$479 $472 
Fair value of residential mortgage loans in non-accrual status355 360 
1 As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, includes $124 million and $221 million, respectively, of residential mortgage loans that are guaranteed by U.S. government-sponsored agencies.
The following is the estimated amount of gains (losses) included in earnings during the period attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk on our mortgage loan portfolio:

Years ended December 31,
(In millions)20232022
Mortgage loans$(53)$(41)
Schedule of Financial Instruments not Measured at Fair Value
The following represents Athene’s financial instruments not carried at fair value on the consolidated statements of financial condition:

December 31, 2023
(In millions)Carrying ValueFair ValueNAVLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds$109 $109 $109 $— $— $— 
Policy loans334 334 — — 334 — 
Funds withheld at interest27,738 27,738 — — — 27,738 
Other investments46 52 — — — 52 
Investments in related parties
Investment funds550 550 550 — — — 
Funds withheld at interest7,195 7,195 — — — 7,195 
Short-term investments947 947 — — 947 — 
Total financial assets not carried at fair value$36,919 $36,925 $659 $— $1,281 $34,985 
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities$154,095 $146,038 $— $— $— $146,038 
Debt4,209 3,660 — — 3,660 — 
Securities to repurchase3,853 3,853 — — 3,853 — 
Funds withheld liability350 350 — — 350 — 
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value$162,507 $153,901 $— $— $7,863 $146,038 
December 31, 2022
(In millions)Carrying ValueFair ValueNAVLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Financial assets
Investment funds$79 $79 $79 $— $— $— 
Policy loans347 347 — — 347 — 
Funds withheld at interest37,727 37,727 — — — 37,727 
Short-term investments1,640 1,640 — — 1,614 26 
Other investments162 162 — — — 162 
Investments in related parties
Investment funds610 610 610 — — — 
Funds withheld at interest11,233 11,233 — — — 11,233 
Total financial assets not carried at fair value$51,798 $51,798 $689 $— $1,961 $49,148 
Financial liabilities
Interest sensitive contract liabilities$125,101 $111,608 $— $— $— $111,608 
Debt3,658 2,893 — — 2,893 — 
Securities to repurchase4,743 4,743 — — 4,743 — 
Funds withheld liability360 360 — — 360 — 
Total financial liabilities not carried at fair value$133,862 $119,604 $— $— $7,996 $111,608