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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
17. Income Taxes
The following table presents the domestic and foreign components of income before income taxes for 2023, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):
202320222021
Domestic income$91,218 $65,434 $115,221 
Foreign income12,455 18,335 35,727 
Total income$103,673 $83,769 $150,948 
Included within the foreign income before income taxes above is $24.1 million, $23.6 million, and $22.4 million of foreign sourced income subject to foreign withholding taxes in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
A summary of the expense (benefit) for income tax follows (in thousands):
202320222021
Current:
Federal$20,742 $3,496 $10,591 
Foreign3,916 5,335 8,812 
State and local 2,207 2,791 2,837 
Deferred:
Federal(4,115)4,243 2,430 
Foreign(558)(1,152)769 
State and local (1,318)(293)554 
Total income tax expense$20,874 $14,420 $25,993 
The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 25, 2022 and December 26, 2021 is as follows in both dollars and as a percentage of income before income taxes (dollars in thousands):
202320222021
Income Tax
Expense (Benefit)		Income
Tax Rate		Income Tax
Expense (Benefit)		Income
Tax Rate		Income Tax
Expense (Benefit)		Income
Tax Rate
Tax at U.S. federal statutory rate$21,771 21.0 %$17,591 21.0 %$31,699 21.0 %
State and local income taxes1,866 1.8 %1,422 1.7 %2,317 1.5 %
Foreign income taxes5,159 4.9 %4,672 5.6 %9,144 6.1 %
Income of consolidated partnerships attributable to noncontrolling interests(159)(0.2)%(355)(0.4)%(1,110)(0.7)%
Non-qualified deferred compensation plan expense (income)(752)(0.7)%1,278 1.5 %(911)(0.6)%
Excess tax (benefits) on equity awards(539)(0.5)%(3,902)(4.7)%(3,697)(2.5)%
Tax credits(7,003)(6.8)%(8,981)(10.7)%(8,830)(5.9)%
Non-deductible executive compensation1,341 1.3 %2,450 2.9 %2,636 1.7 %
Foreign-derived intangible income(1,263)(1.2)%(1,452)(1.7)%(1,519)(1.0)%
US deferred offset on foreign deferreds270 0.3 %1,183 1.4 %238 0.2 %
Other183 0.2 %514 0.6 %(3,974)(2.6)%
Total$20,874 20.1 %$14,420 17.2 %$25,993 17.2 %
Significant deferred tax assets (liabilities) follow (in thousands):
December 31,
2023		December 25,
2022
Accrued liabilities$12,735 $17,424 
Accrued bonuses2,284 351 
Other liabilities and asset reserves15,315 14,607 
Equity awards7,988 7,905 
Lease liabilities45,550 45,646 
Other2,825 2,904 
Net operating losses13,759 11,738 
Foreign tax credit carryforwards23,888 20,198 
Total deferred tax assets124,344 120,773 
Valuation allowances(37,609)(32,052)
Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowances86,735 88,721 
Deferred expenses(5,719)(5,756)
Accelerated depreciation(23,012)(31,098)
Goodwill(7,881)(7,690)
Right-of-use assets(41,513)(41,892)
Other(1,071)(365)
Total deferred tax liabilities(79,196)(86,801)
Net deferred tax assets$7,539 $1,920 
The following table summarizes changes in the Company’s valuation allowances on deferred tax (in thousands):
Balance at December 26, 2021
$28,598
Charged to costs and expenses3,454
Balance at December 25, 2022
$32,052
Charged to costs and expenses5,470
Other87
Balance at December 31, 2023
$37,609
The Company had approximately $10.3 million and $10.2 million of state deferred tax assets in separate company jurisdictions primarily related to state net operating loss carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively. Our ability to utilize these state deferred tax assets is dependent on our ability to generate earnings in future years in the respective state jurisdictions. The Company provided a full valuation allowance of $10.3 million and $10.2 million for these state deferred tax assets as we believe realization based on the more-likely-than-not criteria has not been met as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively.
The Company had approximately $3.0 million and $2.0 million of state deferred tax assets related to state income tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively. Our ability to fully utilize these deferred tax assets related to state income tax credit carryforwards is dependent on our ability to generate earnings in future years in the respective state jurisdictions. The Company provided a partial valuation allowance of $0.7 million and $0.5 million against these state deferred tax assets at December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively. We believe that a portion of these state income tax credit carryforwards would not be realizable before expiration.
The Company had approximately $4.6 million and $2.2 million of foreign net operating loss and capital loss carryovers as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively. The Company had approximately $2.7 million and $1.2 million of valuation allowances primarily related to the foreign net operating losses, foreign capital losses and foreign deferred tax assets at both December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022. A substantial majority of our foreign net operating losses do not have an expiration date.
In addition, the Company had approximately $23.9 million and $20.2 million in foreign tax credit carryforwards as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively, that expire ten years from inception in years 2027 through 2033. Our ability to utilize these foreign tax credit carryforwards is dependent on our ability to generate foreign earnings in future years sufficient to claim foreign tax credits in excess of foreign taxes paid in those years. The Company provided a full valuation allowance of $23.9 million and $20.2 million for these foreign tax credit carryforwards as we believe realization based on the more-likely-than-not criteria has not been met as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022, respectively.
Cash for income taxes paid were $12.5 million in 2023, $11.7 million in 2022 and $32.6 million in 2021.
The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and foreign jurisdictions. The Company, with few exceptions, is no longer subject to U.S. federal, state and local, or non-US income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2019. The Company is currently undergoing examinations by various tax authorities.
The Company had $1.1 million of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 which, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending liability for unrecognized tax benefits excluding interest and penalties is as follows, which is recorded in Other long-term liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands):
Balance at December 26, 2021
$896 
Additions for tax positions of prior years331 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(65)
Balance at December 25, 2022
$1,162 
Additions for tax positions of prior years217 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years(321)
Balance at December 31, 2023
$1,058 
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of income tax expense. The Company has accrued approximately $0.1 million for the payment of interest and penalties as of December 31, 2023 and December 25, 2022.