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Commitments and Contingencies
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]  
Commitments and Contingencies

13. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Required Member Distributions

 

Prior to the Business Combination and pursuant to the then applicable First Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “First Purple LLC Agreement”), Purple LLC was required to distribute to its members an amount equal to 45 percent of Purple LLC’s net taxable income following the end of each fiscal year. The First Purple LLC Agreement was amended and replaced by the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “Second Purple LLC Agreement”) on February 2, 2018 as part of the Business Combination. The Second Purple LLC Agreement was amended and replaced by the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement (the “Third Purple LLC Agreement”) on September 3, 2020. The Second Purple LLC Agreement and the Third Purple LLC Agreement do not include any mandatory distributions, other than tax distributions. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company paid $1.2 million in tax distributions under these agreements. There were no tax distributions paid during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s consolidated balance sheets at both December 31, 2023 and 2022 had $0.1 million of accrued tax distributions included in other current liabilities.

 

Subscription Agreement and Preemptive Rights

 

In February 2018, in connection with the Business Combination, the Company entered into a subscription agreement with Coliseum Capital Partners (“CCP”) and Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (“Blackwell”), pursuant to which CCP and Blackwell agreed to purchase from the Company an aggregate of 4.0 million shares of Class A common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share (the “Coliseum Private Placement”). In connection with the Coliseum Private Placement, the Sponsor assigned (i) an aggregate of 1.3 million additional shares of Class A common stock to CCP and Blackwell and (ii) an aggregate of 3.3 million warrants to purchase 1.6 million shares of Class A common stock to CCP, Blackwell, and Coliseum Co-Invest Debt Fund, L.P. (“CDF”). The subscription agreement provides CCP and Blackwell with preemptive rights with respect to future sales of the Company’s securities. It also provides them with a right of first refusal with respect to certain debt and preferred equity financings by the Company. The Company also entered into a registration rights agreement with CCP, Blackwell, and CDF, providing for the registration of the shares of Class A common stock issued and assigned to CCP and Blackwell in the Coliseum Private Placement, as well as the shares of Class A common stock underlying the warrants received by CCP, Blackwell and CDF. The Company has filed a registration statement with respect to such securities.

 

Rights of Securities Holders

 

The holders of certain warrants exercisable into Class A common stock, including CCP, Blackwell and CDF, were entitled to registration rights pursuant to certain registration rights agreements of the Company as of the Business Combination date. In March 2018, the Company filed a registration statement registering these warrants (and any shares of Class A common stock issuable upon the exercise of the warrants), and certain unregistered shares of Class A common stock. The registration statement was declared effective on April 3, 2018. Under the Registration Rights Agreement dated February 2, 2018 between the Company and CCP, Blackwell, and CDF (the “Coliseum Investors”), the Coliseum Investors have the right to make written demands for up to three registrations of certain warrants and shares of Class A common stock held by them, including in underwritten offerings. In an underwritten offering of such warrants and shares of Class A common stock by the Coliseum Investors, the Company will pay underwriting discounts and commissions and certain expenses incurred by the Coliseum Investors. In May 2021, the Coliseum Investors exercised the first of their three written demands for registration in an underwritten offering.

 

On May 21, 2021, 7.3 million shares of Class A common stock were sold in a secondary offering by the Coliseum Investors at a price of $30.00 per share. The Company did not receive any of the proceeds from the secondary offering. The underwriting discount, commission and other related costs incurred by the Company for the secondary offering totaled $7.9 million and was recorded by the Company as general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021.

 

Purple LLC Class B Unit Exchange Right

 

On February 2, 2018, in connection with the closing of the Business Combination, the Company entered into an exchange agreement with Purple LLC, InnoHold and Class B Unit holders who become a party thereto (the “Exchange Agreement”), which provides for the exchange of Purple LLC Class B Units (the “Class B Units”) and shares of Class B common stock (together with an equal number of Class B Units, the “Paired Securities”) for, at the Company’s option, either (A) shares of Class A common stock at an initial exchange ratio equal to one Paired Security for one share of Class A common stock or (B) a cash payment equal to the product of the average of the volume-weighted closing price of one share of Class A common stock for the 10 trading days immediately prior to the date InnoHold or other Class B Unit holders deliver a notice of exchange multiplied by the number of Paired Securities being exchanged. In December 2018, InnoHold distributed Paired Securities to Terry Pearce and Tony Pearce who agreed to become parties to the Exchange Agreement. In June 2019, InnoHold distributed Paired Securities to certain current and former employees who also agreed to become parties to the exchange agreement. Holders of Class B Units may elect to exchange all or any portion of their Paired Securities as described above by delivering a notice to Purple LLC.

 

In certain cases, adjustments to the exchange ratio will occur in case of a split, reclassification, recapitalization, subdivision or similar transaction of or relating to the Class B Units or the shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock or a transaction in which the Class A common stock is exchanged or converted into other securities or property. The exchange ratio will also adjust in certain circumstances when the Company acquires Class B Units other than through an exchange for its shares of Class A common stock.

 

The right of a holder of Paired Securities to exchange may be limited by the Company if it reasonably determines in good faith that such restrictions are required by applicable law (including securities laws), such exchange would not be permitted under other agreements of such holder with the Company or its subsidiaries, including the Third Purple LLC Agreement, or if such exchange would cause Purple LLC to be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” under applicable tax laws.

 

The Company and each holder of Paired Securities shall bear its own expense regarding the exchange except that the Company shall be responsible for transfer taxes, stamp taxes and similar duties.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, 0.2 million and 0.1 million of Paired Securities were exchanged for shares of Class A common stock, respectively. There were no Paired Securities exchanged for Class A common stock during the year ended December 31, 2022.

 

Maintenance of One-to-One Ratios.

 

The Third Purple LLC Agreement includes provisions intended to ensure that the Company at all times maintains a one-to-one ratio between (a) (i) the number of outstanding shares of Class A common stock and (ii) the number of Class A Units owned by the Company (subject to certain exceptions for certain rights to purchase equity securities of the Company under a “poison pill” or similar stockholder rights plan, if any, certain convertible or exchangeable securities issued under the Company’s equity compensation plan and certain equity securities issued pursuant to the Company’s equity compensation plan (other than a stock option plan) that are restricted or have not vested thereunder) and (b) (i) the number of other outstanding equity securities of the Company (including the warrants exercisable for shares of Class A common stock) and (ii) the number of corresponding outstanding equity securities of Purple LLC. These provisions are intended to result in non-controlling interest holders having a voting interest in the Company that is identical to their economic interest in Purple LLC.

 

Non-Income Related Taxes

 

The Company complies with current law and collects and reports on sales tax and other taxes and required fees in all states in which it does business. The application of existing, new or revised taxes and fees on the Company’s business, in particular, sales taxes, VAT and similar taxes would likely increase the cost of doing business online and decrease the attractiveness of selling products over the internet. The application of these taxes and fees on the Company’s business could also create significant increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes and pay the fees. There have been, and will continue to be, substantial ongoing costs associated with complying with the various indirect tax requirements in the numerous markets in which the Company conducts or will conduct business.

 

Legal Proceedings

  

On October 13, 2020, Purple LLC filed a lawsuit against Responsive Surface Technology, LLC and its parent company, PatienTech, LLC (collectively referred to as “ReST”) in the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah. Purple LLC seeks damages from ReST’s multiple breaches of its obligations to Purple LLC, including infringing upon Purple LLC’s trademarks, patents, and trade dress, among other claims. On October 21, 2020, ReST filed a retaliatory lawsuit against Purple LLC, and some of the Company’s board members and former border members, also in the United States District Court for the District of Utah. Subsequently, the two cases were consolidated into one because the cases involve many of the same facts and transactions.  ReST filed a motion to compel arbitration of most of the claims.  The Court granted ReST’s motion and stayed the proceedings in the United States District Court for the District of Utah. The Court also ruled that ReST’s claims against the Company’s board members were not subject to arbitration, and the Court stayed the claims against those individuals.  The parties’ claims and counterclaims subject to arbitration were then litigated before a single arbitrator with the American Arbitration Association. During the litigation, ReST was sanctioned for improper litigation conduct, and certain of its defenses and claims were stricken, and costs were ordered to be paid by ReST to Purple LLC.  A two-week evidentiary arbitration hearing was held in the summer of 2023. On March 8, 2024, the Arbitrator issued his final award in Purple’s favor, awarding $3.3 million in damages and attorney’s fees on Purple’s affirmative claims, and only a de minimis amount to ReST on their counterclaims.  Purple LLC will immediately move to convert the award into a judgment against ReST in the United States District Court for the District of Utah.  Purple LLC will then seek judicial enforcement of the judgment if ReST does not voluntarily pay.

 

On May 3, 2022, Purple LLC filed a complaint against Photon Interactive UK Limited (“Photon”) in the U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware regarding a Master Professional Services Agreement with Photon dated on or around November 1, 2019. Photon counter-sued, seeking payment for the $0.1 million withheld by Purple LLC, and also advancing a vague claim for tortious interference. On August 31, 2022, Purple LLC filed an amended complaint adding additional claims pertaining to Photon’s failure to deliver a point-of-sale system pursuant to the Master Professional Services Agreement. Purple LLC is seeking judgment against Photon in the amount of $4.0 million. The case was stayed in September 2023 to allow the parties to mediate the dispute. Mediation did not result in a settlement. The parties are presently negotiating an amended scheduling order to set this matter for trial in late 2024 or early 2025.

 

In December 2022, Terry and Tony Pearce, Purple’s founders, filed a complaint against Purple Inc. in the Fourth Judicial District Court in the State of Utah. In that suit, the Pearces alleged that they each entered into employment agreements with Purple LLC in February 2018. The Pearces contended that certain corporate transactions reduced their “ownership interest and voting power in Purple” and that, as a result, they should have continued to be paid a salary when they retired from Purple LLC. The Pearces calculated that they were each owed “no less than $500,000” in unpaid salary. Purple Inc. moved to dismiss the Pearces’ claims in full, arguing that the Pearces’ legal theories are flawed and that the amended pleading reflected the Pearces’ inability to rehabilitate their claims. In October 2023, the Fourth Judicial District Court granted Purple Inc.’s motion and ordered that the claims brought by the Pearces be dismissed in full, with prejudice. The Court entered a final judgment dismissing the case in January 2024. The Pearces have filed a notice reflecting their intent to appeal to either the Utah Court of Appeals or the Utah Supreme Court. The Company maintains insurance to cover the costs of defending against claims of this nature and intends to continue to vigorously defend against these claims in the course of the Pearces’ appeal.

 

On April 3, 2023, InnoHold, LLC, Terry Pearce, and Tony Pearce (collectively, the “InnoHold Parties”) filed a complaint against Purple LLC in the Delaware Court of Chancery, captioned InnoHold, LLC et al. v. Purple Innovation, LLC, Case No. 2023-0393-PAF (Del. Ch. Apr. 3, 2023). The complaint alleges that Purple LLC breached the Second Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Purple Innovation, LLC, dated as of February 2, 2018 (the “LLC Agreement”), by failing to pay the full amount of tax distributions owed under the LLC Agreement. The InnoHold Parties seek damages of approximately $3.0 million in allegedly unpaid tax distributions as well as its legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the litigation. On June 13, 2023, Purple LLC filed an answer to the complaint denying the InnoHold Parties’ allegations, setting forth its affirmative defenses, and requesting dismissal of all claims and entry of judgment in Purple LLC’s favor. The outcome of the litigation cannot be predicted at this early stage in the proceedings. Purple LLC intends to vigorously defend against these claims.

 

On March 24, 2023, Purple LLC filed a complaint against Tempur Sealy International, Inc., Sealy Technology LLC and Sealy Mattress Manufacturing Co., LLC (collectively, “Sealy”) in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina for infringement of Purple LLC’s U.S. Patent No. 11,317,733 entitled “Mattress Including an Elastomeric Cushioning Element and a Pocketed Coil Layer and Related Methods.” On July 17, 2023, Purple LLC filed a First Amended Complaint further detailing Sealy’s infringement of the patent through Sealy’s direct and indirect infringement by making, using, offering for sale, and/or importing into the United States Sealy FlexGrid Hybrid Construction mattresses. Purple seeks judgment of willful infringement, trebled damages, a permanent injunction, prejudgment and post-judgment interest, costs, expenses, and attorneys’ fees. Sealy filed its response to Purple’s First Amended Complaint on July 31, 2023. Discovery is ongoing but was temporarily stayed for 30 days on March 6, 2024 to allow the parties to discuss settlement; a claim construction hearing has been scheduled for May 23, 2024. On March 12, 2024, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement. The parties will take all necessary actions to ensure that the action and counterclaims are dismissed with prejudice.

 

On March 27, 2023, Sealy Technology, LLC (“Sealy Technology”) filed a Petition for Cancellation with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (“TTAB”), seeking cancellation of Purple LLC’s Trademark Registration No. 5,416,146 for HYPER-ELASTIC POLYMER in Class 20 for “elastomeric polymer in pre-shaped form sold as an integral component of pillows” (the “Registration”). On June 18, 2023, Sealy Technology filed an Amended Petition, which seeks cancellation of the Registration on the basis that the term is generic. On September 25, 2023, the TTAB denied Purple LLC’s previously filed motion to dismiss and issued a new schedule. On October 16, 2023, Purple LLC filed its Answer to the Amended Petition. Discovery opened on November 14, 2023, and is scheduled to conclude on May 12, 2024. On March 12, 2024, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement. The parties will take all necessary actions to ensure that the action and counterclaims are dismissed with prejudice.

 

On August 16, 2023, Sealy Technology filed a Notice of Opposition with the TTAB, requesting that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office deny Purple LLC’s pending Trademark Application No. 97,650,658 for HYPER-ELASTIC POLYMER in Class 20 for “mattresses; seat cushions” (the “Application”), on the grounds that the mark is merely descriptive or deceptively misdescriptive. On September 25, 2023, Purple LLC filed a motion to dismiss all claims. On October 5, 2023, the TTAB suspended all deadlines in the proceeding, pending the outcome of the motion to dismiss. On October 17, 2023, Sealy Technology filed its opposition to the motion to dismiss. Purple LLC filed its reply in support of its motion to dismiss on November 6, 2023, and also requested that the TTAB strike Sealy Technology’s opposition as untimely.  On January 1, 2024 the TTAB denied Purple LLC’s motion to dismiss and consolidated the opposition and cancellation proceedings and issued a new schedule. On March 12, 2024, the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement. The parties will take all necessary actions to ensure that the action and counterclaims are dismissed with prejudice.

 

The Company is from time to time involved in various other claims, legal proceedings and complaints arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company does not believe that adverse decisions in any such pending or threatened proceedings, or any amount that the Company might be required to pay by reason thereof, would have a material adverse effect on the financial condition or future results of the Company.