| Schedule of cost of sales |
| | | | | | | | | 2023 | | 2022 | * | 2021 | | | $'000 | | $'000 | | $'000 | | | | | | | | Power generation | | 396,714 | | 419,151 | | 267,044 | Depreciation (note 14)** | | 373,889 | | 411,579 | | 330,799 | Tower repairs and maintenance | | 96,258 | | 90,126 | | 74,523 | Impairment of property, plant and equipment, intangible assets excluding goodwill and related prepaid land rent | | 87,696 | | 38,157 | | 51,113 | Amortization (note 15) | | 44,618 | | 42,050 | | 34,051 | Security services | | 42,512 | | 43,448 | | 36,132 | Site regulatory permits | | 37,502 | | 33,999 | | 41,165 | Staff costs (note 8.3) | | 33,149 | | 33,229 | | 26,323 | Travel costs | | 9,700 | | 5,343 | | 7,155 | Short-term site rental | | 8,613 | | 14,111 | | 11,165 | Insurance | | 4,648 | | 5,109 | | 4,156 | Professional fees | | 2,570 | | 3,460 | | 3,385 | Short-term other rent | | 2,266 | | 2,813 | | 3,419 | Vehicle maintenance and repairs | | 2,184 | | 1,968 | | 2,754 | Other | | 40,987 | | 12,458 | | 14,204 | | | 1,183,306 | | 1,157,001 | | 907,388 |
*Re-presented to reflect the remeasurement period adjustments, as required by IFRS 3, in respect of updates to the accounting for the MTN SA Acquisition in May 2022. **Presented net of related indirect tax receivable in Brazil of $1.3 million (2022: $0.9 million, 2021: $0.4 million). Refer to note 14. Included in Other are $31.1 million (2022: $0.8 million, 2021: $Nil) in foreign exchange losses on cost of sales.
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