​

2023

2022

*

2021

​

​

$’000

​

$'000

​

$'000

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Interest expenses - third party loans

362,381

256,208

​

174,876

Interest expenses - withholding tax paid on bond interest

​

13,439

​

12,197

​

4,404

Unwinding of discount on decommissioning liability

9,156

7,084

​

4,644

Interest and finance charges paid/payable for lease liabilities

61,617

52,234

​

32,826

Net foreign exchange loss arising from financing - unrealized

1,713,242

157,836

​

126,131

Net foreign exchange loss arising from financing - realized

162,944

206,329

​

43,422

Fair value loss on embedded options and interest rate caps

​

3,760

​

159,889

​

—

Costs paid on early loan and bond settlement

—

—

​

18,171

Fees on loans and financial derivatives

17,821

18,673

​

13,663

Net foreign exchange loss on derivative instruments - unrealized

​

92,151

​

1,599

​

3,897

​

2,436,511

​

872,049

​

422,034