The Group’s activities may expose it to a variety of financial risks, including credit risk, market risk (including foreign exchange risk, cash flow or fair value interest rate risk, and equity price risk), liquidity risk and fraud risk. The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance.

The Board of Directors (the “Board”) has overall responsibility for the establishment and oversight of the Group’s risk management objectives and policies.

The Group’s risk management policies are established to identify and analyze the risks faced by the Group, to set appropriate risk limits and controls, and to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Group’s activities. The overall objective of the Board is to set policies that seek to reduce risk as much as possible without unduly affecting the Group’s competitiveness and flexibility. Further details of these policies are set out below:

Credit risk is the risk that a merchant or a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, leading to a financial loss. Credit risk arises from the group’s exposures to third parties, including cash and cash equivalents and financial instruments and from its operating activities, primarily related to trade and other receivables.

The carrying amount of financial assets represents the Group’s maximum credit exposure:

The table below discloses the external credit risk ratings for Group’s Trade and Other Receivables, based on the geographical regions in which the Trade and Other Receivables are held:

Financial Assets at Fair Value through profit or loss and cash and cash equivalents

Credit risk from balances with financial institutions and other third parties are managed in accordance with the Group’s policy. Financial assets consist of debt securities and other financial instruments with financial institutions that expose the Group to an acceptable level of credit risk.

Trade and Other Receivables

The Company serves high-quality merchant processors, thereby mitigating credit risk. The Group is not exposed to significant concentrations of credit risk based on customers, industries, sectors and/or geographic regions.

The Group applies the IFRS 9’s simplified approach to measuring expected credit losses, which uses a lifetime expected loss allowance model for all trade and other receivables. To measure expected credit losses, trade and other receivables were grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics and tenor. Historical loss experience was also considered and has been adjusted to reflect information about current conditions and reasonable and bearable forecasts of future economic conditions.

The Group’s expected loss rates are based on the payment profiles of its merchant customers, the country where the receivable balance was originated, and historical credit losses experienced. Historical loss rates are adjusted to reflect current and forward-looking information on macroeconomic factors affecting the ability of the Group’s merchant customers to settle the receivables. The Group has identified the credit rating of the countries in which it sells its services to be the most relevant factor, and adjusts the historical loss rates based on expected changes in credit ratings.

Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. For the Group, market risk may comprise interest rate risk and foreign currency risk and other price risk, such as equity price risk.

The objective of market risk management is to manage and control market risk exposures within acceptable parameters, while optimizing the return.

Interest Rate Risk

Interest rate risk arises from the possibility of the Group incurring losses due to fluctuations in interest rates, and by extension, future cash flows, of a financial instrument. The Group’s cash flows are not exposed to interest rate risk since there are no financial instruments held are subject to variable interest rates.

Other market risk

The primary goal of the Group’s investment in equity securities is to hold such investments for long-term strategic purposes. Management is assisted by external advisers in this regard. Certain investments are designated as at FVPL because their performance is actively monitored and they are managed on a fair value basis.

Sensitivity analysis - Equity price risk

All of the Group’s listed equity investments are listed on either the Argentinian Stock Exchange (Bolsas y Mercados Argentinos - BYMA). For the investments classified as FVPL, the impact of a 10%, increase in the Argentinian Index at the reporting date on profit or loss would have been an increase of USD 10,438 after tax. An equal change in the opposite direction would have decreased profit or loss by USD 10,438 after tax.

Foreign Currency Risk

The Group has significant operations internationally that are denominated in foreign currencies, primarily on emerging markets, subjecting the Group to foreign currency risk, which may impact the financial results. The Group transact business in various foreign companies and have significant international revenues and costs. The Group cash flows, results of operations and certain of our intercompany balances that are exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations may differ from expectations and it may record gain or losses due to foreign currency fluctuations.

Exposure is presented in thousands of U.S. Dollars. As discussed in Note 24: Derivative financial instruments, the Company entered into foreign currency exchange forward contracts to mitigate this risk and reduce the economic and financial statement impact.

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Group encounters difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Group’s approach to managing liquidity is to ensure, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due, under both normal and stressed conditions, without incurring unacceptable losses or risking damage to the Group’s reputation.

The Group invests surplus cash in interest-bearing financial investments, choosing instruments with appropriate maturity or enough liquidity to provide adequate margin as determined by the forecasts.

Exposure to Liquidity Risk

The tables below classify the Group’s financial liabilities based on their contractual maturities.

The Group’s transactions are susceptible to a fraudulent or improper sale and processes are used to mitigate fraud risk. Such processes rely on ‘dLocal Defense’, a local data-driven prevention program designed to maximize fraud detection and minimize false positives. This process reviews and validates transactions at the time of authorization using external tools that are reviewed on a periodic basis.

In addition, the Group has implemented an additional process to prevent fraud through chargebacks and disputes.

The Board’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence, and to sustain future development of the business. The Board’s objectives are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, to continue to provide returns to the Group’s shareholders, and benefit other stakeholder groups, and to maintain an optimal capital structure to reduce the Group’s cost of capital. To maintain or adjust the capital structure, the Group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce the Group’s borrowings. The Board monitors returns on capital as well as the level of dividends distributed to ordinary shareholders.

Additionally, as part of the requirements for maintaining its financial institution license, DLocal Limited, the Group’s licensee subsidiary, is subject to a minimum capital requirement. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, such capital requirements were fulfilled.

The Group’s Maltese subsidiary calculated its capital requirements as Euros 530 (USD 600) as of December 31, 2021. Tier 1 Capital was temporarily short in respect of its regulatory capital requirement with an amount of USD 37,666. The Group remediated this situation by verifying, through an external audit, that profits registered during the year ended December 31, 2021. Post-verification, Tier 1 Capital was USD 4,621, which exceeded the externally imposed minimum capital requirement of Euros 530 thousands (USD 600).