Subsidiaries such as JASM and TSMC Nanjingived subsidies from the governments of Japan China, respectively, for local plants setup and operation, which were mainly used to subsidize the purchase costs of property, plant and equipment as well as partial costs and expenses incurred from plant cond production. For the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, TSMC received a total of NT$827.9 million, NT$7,051.4 million and NT$47,545.9 million as government grants respectively.