| Schedule of benefit recognized from asset and research and development related subsidy |
| | | | | | | | | Asset-related | | R&D-related | | | | | subsidy | | subsidy | | Total | | | US$ | | US$ | | US$ | Balance as of January 1, 2021 | | — | | 541,592 | | 541,592 | Government grants received during the year | | 279,052 | | — | | 279,052 | Recognized as income during the year | | — | | (490,461) | | (490,461) | Foreign currency translation adjustment | | 3,270 | | 6,843 | | 10,113 | Balance as of December 31, 2021 | | 282,322 | | 57,974 | | 340,296 | Recognized as income during the year | | — | | (54,954) | | (54,954) | Foreign currency translation adjustment | | (23,872) | | (3,020) | | (26,892) | Balance as of December 31, 2022 | | 258,450 | | — | | 258,450 | Subsidy received during the year | | 16,345 | | — | | 16,345 | Recognized as income during the year | | — | | — | | — | Foreign currency translation adjustment | | (4,698) | | — | | (4,698) | Balance as of December 31, 2023 | | 270,097 | | — | | 270,097 |
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