v3.24.1.u1
INCOME TAX (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
INCOME TAX  
Schedule of maximum applicable income tax rates of other countries where the Company's subsidiaries having significant operations

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Year ended December 31,

​

​

​

2023

​

2022

    

2021

​

Germany

 

  

 

  

 

  

​

 – Corporation tax*

 

15.825

%  

15.825

%  

15.825

%

 – Trade tax*

 

14.35

%  

14.35

%  

13.825

%

UK**

 

25

%  

19

%  

19

%

Netherlands

 

25.8

%  

25.8

%  

25.8

%

*This corporate tax rate excludes trade tax, which rate depends on the municipality in which Lotus GmbH conducts its business. Trade Tax is calculated by determining the Trade Tax Base with 3.5% of the trade income and applying the tax factor which differs according to the specific municipality in Germany and equals 410%, 410% and 395% for the municipality of Raunheim in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

**UK corporate income tax rate changed from 19% to 25% since April 2023.

Schedule of component of income tax expense

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​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

Year ended December 31,

​

​

2023

​

2022

​

2021

​

    

US$

    

US$

    

US$

The PRC, excluding Hong Kong

 

(514,816)

 

(652,302)

 

(113,598)

Germany

 

(5,370)

 

801

 

2,060

UK

 

(166,174)

 

821

 

2,415

Netherlands

 

(46,774)

 

(47,710)

 

(1,415)

Cayman Islands

 

(4,383)

 

(25,598)

 

1,860

Hong Kong

​

(1,859)

​

78

​

—

Others

 

(9,766)

 

(361)

 

—

Total

 

(749,142)

 

(724,271)

 

(108,678)

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​

​

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​

Year ended December 31,

​

​

2023

​

2022

​

2021

​

    

US$

    

US$

    

US$

Current income tax expense

 

  

 

  

 

  

−The PRC, excluding Hong Kong

 

727

 

73

 

852

− Germany

 

332

 

400

 

603

− UK

 

—

 

(187)

 

182

− Netherlands

 

—

 

—

 

—

− Cayman Islands

 

—

 

—

 

—

− Hong Kong

​

—

​

—

​

—

− Others

 

54

 

6

 

—

Total current tax provision

 

1,113

 

292

 

1,637

Deferred income tax expense

 

​

 

  

 

  

− The PRC, excluding Hong Kong

 

—

 

—

 

—

− Germany

 

—

 

—

 

—

− UK

 

—

 

—

 

216

− Netherlands

 

—

 

—

 

—

− Cayman Islands

 

—

 

—

 

—

− Hong Kong

​

—

​

—

​

—

− Others

 

—

 

—

 

—

Total deferred tax expense

 

—

 

—

 

216

Total income tax expense

 

1,113

 

292

 

1,853

Schedule of reconciliation of actual income tax expense reported from the amount computed by applying the PRC income tax rate

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​

Year ended December 31,

​

​

2023

​

2022

​

2021

​

    

US$

    

US$

    

US$

Computed expected income tax benefit at the PRC statutory tax rate of 25%

​

(187,286)

​

(181,068)

 

(27,170)

Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction

 

824

 

5,997

 

(373)

Preferential tax rate impact

​

(423)

​

—

​

—

Tax effect of non-deductible expenses

 

2,474

 

480

 

110

Tax effect of R&D expenses additional deduction

 

(17,732)

 

(3,068)

 

(134)

Change in valuation allowance

 

202,586

 

177,715

 

29,784

Tax filing difference

​

663

​

—

​

—

Others

 

7

 

236

 

(364)

Actual income tax expense

 

1,113

 

292

 

1,853

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

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​

​

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​

​

​

    

As of December 31,

​

​

2023

    

2022

​

​

US$

​

US$

 Deferred tax assets:

 

  

 

  

Net operating losses carryforwards

 

186,642

 

78,971

Accrued expenses

 

22,664

 

23,271

Deferral of tax deduction of R&D expenses

 

308,850

 

263,384

Operating lease liabilities

 

31,633

 

29,201

Exchangeable notes

 

5,061

 

3,532

Mandatorily redeemable noncontrolling interest

 

-

 

1,463

Convertible notes

 

3,620

 

1,289

Deferral of tax deduction of advertising expenses

 

10,054

 

6,404

Property, equipment and software

 

2,908

 

364

Equity investments

 

843

 

667

Deferred revenue

 

19,102

 

1,619

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

591,377

 

410,165

Valuation allowance on deferred tax assets

 

(390,737)

 

(202,715)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

 

200,640

 

207,450

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

​

 

  

Property, equipment and software

 

(3,430)

 

(285)

Derivative assets

 

(17)

 

—

Government grants

 

(155,717)

 

(178,090)

Operating lease right-of-use assets

 

(41,476)

 

(29,201)

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

(200,640)

 

(207,576)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

—

 

(126)

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​

​

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​

​

​

As of December 31,

​

​

2023

    

2022

​

    

US$

​

US$

Deferred tax assets

 

—

 

—

Deferred tax liabilities

 

—

 

(126)

Net deferred tax liabilities

 

—

 

(126)

Summary of valuation allowance

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​

    

Year ended December 31,

​

​

2023

​

2022

​

2021

​

​

US$

​

US$

    

US$

Balance at the beginning of the year

 

202,715

 

32,914

 

3,130

Addition

 

215,886

 

177,715

 

29,784

Deduction

​

(25,934)

​

—

​

—

Effect of foreign currency translation

 

(1,930)

 

(7,914)

 

—

Balance at the end of the year

 

390,737

 

202,715

 

32,914

Schedule of operating loss carryforwards

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​

​

Year ending December 31,

    

Amount

​

 

US$

2026

 

43,523

2027

 

151,292

2028

​

275,898

Total

 

470,713