We maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of derivative instruments to reduce the economic effect of interest rate changes. Our goal is to manage interest rate sensitivity by modifying the repricing frequency and underlying index characteristics of certain balance sheet assets or liabilities so any adverse impacts related to movements in interest rates are managed within low to moderate limits. As a result of interest rate fluctuations, hedged balance sheet positions will appreciate or depreciate in market value or create variability in cash flows. Income or loss on the derivative instruments linked to the hedged item will generally offset the effect of this unrealized appreciation or depreciation or volatility in cash flows for the period the item is being hedged. We view this strategy as a prudent management of interest rate risk. Please refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments” in our 2023 Form 10-K for a full discussion of our risk management strategy.

Title VII of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) requires all standardized derivatives, including most interest rate swaps, to be submitted for clearing to central counterparties to reduce counterparty risk. Two of the central counterparties we use are the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (“CME”) and the London Clearing House (“LCH”). All variation margin payments on derivatives cleared through the CME and LCH are accounted for as legal settlement. As of March 31, 2024, $1.5 billion notional of our derivative contracts were cleared on the CME and $0.1 billion were cleared on the LCH. The derivative contracts cleared through the CME and LCH represent 92.2 percent and 7.8 percent, respectively, of our total notional derivative contracts of $1.6 billion at March 31, 2024.

For derivatives cleared through the CME and LCH, the net gain (loss) position includes the variation margin amounts as settlement of the derivative and not collateral against the fair value of the derivative. The amount of variation margin included as settlement as of March 31, 2024 was $(39) million and $(3) million for the CME and LCH, respectively. Changes in fair value for derivatives not designated as hedging instruments are presented as realized gains (losses).

Our exposure is limited to the value of the derivative contracts in a gain position less any collateral held and plus any collateral posted. When there is a net negative exposure, we consider our exposure to the counterparty to be zero. At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, we had a net positive exposure (derivative gain/loss positions to us, less collateral held by us and plus collateral posted with counterparties) related to derivatives of $8 million and $9 million, respectively.

The following tables summarize the fair values and notional amounts of all derivative instruments at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, and their impact on earnings and other comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and March 31, 2023. Please refer to Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, Note 13, “Derivative Financial Instruments” in our 2023 Form 10-K for a full discussion of cash flow hedges, fair value hedges, and trading activities.


Impact of Derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets
		Cash Flow Hedges				Fair Value Hedges				Trading				Total
		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Fair Values(1)	Hedged Risk Exposure

Derivative Assets:(2)
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	$	208	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	208	$	—

Derivative Liabilities:(2)
Interest rate swaps	Interest rate	(33)		(339)		(83)		(31)		—		—		(116)		(370)
Total net derivatives		$	175	$	(339)	$	(83)	$	(31)	$	—	$	—	$	92	$	(370)

(1) Fair values reported include variation margin as legal settlement of the derivative contract. Assets and liabilities are presented without consideration of master netting agreements. Derivatives are carried on the balance sheet based on net position by counterparty under master netting agreements and classified in other assets or other liabilities depending on whether in a net positive or negative position.


	Other Assets				Other Liabilities
	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023		2024		2023
Gross position(1)	$	208	$	—	$	(116)	$	(370)
Impact of master netting agreement	(83)		—		83		—
Derivative values with impact of master netting agreements (as carried on balance sheet)	125		—		(33)		(370)
Cash collateral pledged(2)	7,572		9,228		—		—
Net position	$	7,697	$	9,228	$	(33)	$	(370)


Notional Values
	Cash Flow				Fair Value				Trading				Total
(Dollars in thousands)	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Interest rate swaps	$	1,180,025	$	1,203,783	$	402,309	$	702,309	$	—	$	—	$	1,582,334	$	1,906,092

Net total notional	$	1,180,025	$	1,203,783	$	402,309	$	702,309	$	—	$	—	$	1,582,334	$	1,906,092


(Dollars in thousands)	Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)				Cumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in the Carrying Amount of the Hedged Assets/(Liabilities)
Line Item in the Balance Sheet in Which the Hedged Item is Included:	March 31,		December 31,		March 31,		December 31,
	2024		2023		2024		2023

Deposits	$	(392,343)	$	(689,137)	$	9,704	$	12,910


Impact of Derivatives on the Consolidated Statements of Income
	Three Months Ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023

Fair Value Hedges
Interest rate swaps:
Interest recognized on derivatives	$	(5,538)	$	(6,405)
Hedged items recorded in interest expense	(3,205)		(7,035)
Derivatives recorded in interest expense	3,229		7,096
Total	$	(5,514)	$	(6,344)

Cash Flow Hedges
Interest rate swaps:
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into interest expense	$	12,461	$	10,278
Total	$	12,461	$	10,278

Trading
Interest rate swaps:
Change in fair value of future interest payments recorded in earnings	$	—	$	—
Total	—		—
Total	$	6,947	$	3,934


Impact of Derivatives on the Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)	2024		2023

Amount of gain (loss) recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)	$	9,412	$	(4,721)
Less: amount of gain (loss) reclassified in interest expense	12,461		10,278
Total change in other comprehensive income (loss) for unrealized gains (losses) on derivatives, before income tax (expense) benefit	$	(3,049)	$	(14,999)

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate deposits. During the next 12 months, we estimate that $34 million will be reclassified as a decrease to interest expense.

As of March 31, 2024, cash collateral held and pledged excludes amounts that represent legal settlement of the derivative contracts held with the CME and LCH. There was no cash collateral held by us related to derivative exposure between us and our derivatives counterparties at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Collateral held is recorded in “Other Liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets. Cash collateral pledged by us related to derivative exposure between us and our derivatives counterparties was $8 million and $9 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. Collateral pledged is recorded in “Other interest-earning assets” on the consolidated balance sheets.