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Retirement Benefits (Notes)
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS RETIREMENT BENEFITS
Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended March 31 were as follows (in millions):

First Quarter
20232024
 Pension BenefitsOPEBPension BenefitsOPEB
 U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide U.S. PlansNon-U.S. PlansWorldwide
Service cost$72 $61 $5 $73 $63 $6 
Interest cost408 237 58 400 235 57 
Expected return on assets(486)(219)— (455)(255)— 
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)
— 5 1 23 6 2 
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss113 — — — (11)— 
Separation programs/other2 4 — 8 14 — 
Settlements and curtailments
42 — — — — — 
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)
$151 $88 $64 $49 $52 $65 

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statements.

Pension Plan Contributions
During 2024, we continue to expect to contribute about $1 billion of cash to our global funded pension plans. We also expect to make about $420 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans. In the first quarter of 2024, we contributed $550 million to our global funded pension plans and made $105 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.