Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation – Interim Financial Statements

The unaudited consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 have been prepared by the Company without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). In the opinion of management, all adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position, results of operations, and cash flows as of March 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the periods then ended, have been made. Those adjustments consist of normal and recurring adjustments. Operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the fiscal year as a whole. Accordingly, the unaudited consolidated financial statements do not include all the information and notes necessary for a comprehensive presentation of our financial position and results of operations and should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2023 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on April 16, 2024.

Basis of Presentation – Discontinued Operations

ASC 205-20 “Discontinued Operations” requires that the disposal or abandonment of a component of an entity or a group of components of an entity should be reported in discontinued operations if the disposal represents a strategic shift that has (or will have) a major effect on an entity’s operations and financial results. As a result, the Company’s component’s results of operations have been classified as discontinued operations on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. Accordingly, the results of operations of this component, for all periods, are separately reported as “discontinued operations” on the consolidated statements of operations.

In 2023, the Company decided to discontinue business activities related to its underperforming clinic locations and BackSpace retail stores. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, all locations had been closed and all assets had been sold. The major classes of assets and liabilities of discontinued operations on the consolidated balance sheet are as follows:

 Schedule of Discontinued Operations on Consolidated Balance Sheet and Income Statement

The following table shows the unaudited results of income (loss) from discontinued operations:

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America (“U.S.”) as promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) and with the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of IMAC Holdings, Inc. and the following entities which are consolidated due to direct ownership of a controlling voting interest or other rights granted to us as the sole general partner or managing member of the entity: IMAC Regeneration Center of St. Louis, LLC (“IMAC St. Louis”), IMAC Management Services, LLC (“IMAC Management”), IMAC Regeneration Management, LLC (“IMAC Texas”) IMAC Regeneration Management of Nashville, LLC (“IMAC Nashville”) IMAC Management of Illinois, LLC (“IMAC Illinois”), Advantage Hand Therapy and Orthopedic Rehabilitation, LLC (“Advantage Therapy”), IMAC Management of Florida, LLC (“IMAC Florida”), Louisiana Orthopaedic & Sports Rehab (“IMAC Louisiana”) and The Back Space, LLC (“BackSpace”); the following entity which is consolidated with IMAC Regeneration Management of Nashville, LLC due to control by contract: IMAC Regeneration Center of Nashville, PC (“IMAC Nashville PC”); the following entities which are consolidated with IMAC Management of Illinois, LLC due to control by contract: Progressive Health and Rehabilitation, Ltd., Illinois Spine and Disc Institute, Ltd. and Ricardo Knight, P.C.; the following entities which are consolidated with IMAC Management Services, LLC due to control by contract: Integrated Medicine and Chiropractic Regeneration Center PSC (“Kentucky PC”) and IMAC Medical of Kentucky, PSC (“Kentucky PSC”) ; the following entities which are consolidated with IMAC Florida due to control by contract: Willmitch Chiropractic, P.A. and IMAC Medical of Florida, P.A.; the following entity which is consolidated with Louisiana Orthopaedic & Sports Rehab due to control by contract: IMAC Medical of Louisiana, a Medical Corporation; and the following entities which are consolidated with BackSpace due to control by contract: ChiroMart LLC, ChiroMart Florida LLC, and ChiroMart Missouri LLC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses at the date and for the periods that the consolidated financial statements are prepared. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to contractual insurance adjustments on revenues and provisions for doubtful accounts, impairment of long-lived assets including intangible assets, valuation of loans receivable and valuation of stock-based compensation. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. Specifically, we retrospectively reclassified certain amounts in 2023 to present as discontinued operations.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s patient service revenue was derived from non-surgical procedures performed at our outpatient medical clinics. The fees for such services were billed either to the patient or a third-party payer, including Medicare.

The Company recognized service revenues based upon the estimated amounts the Company expects to be entitled to receive from patients and third-party payers. Estimates of contractual adjustments are based upon the payment terms specified in the related contractual agreements. The Company also records estimated implicit price concessions (based primarily on historical collection experience) related to uninsured accounts to record these revenues at the estimated amounts expected to be collected.

Starting in January 2020, the Company implemented wellness maintenance programs on a subscription basis. There were four membership plans offered with different levels of service for each plan. The Company recognized membership revenue on a monthly basis. Enrollment in the wellness maintenance program can occur at any time during the month and can be dis-enrolled at any time.

Starting in June 2021, the Company introduced BackSpace and began offering outpatient chiropractic and spinal care services as well as memberships services in Walmart retail locations. The fees for such services were paid and recognized as incurred.

Starting in September 2022, the Company introduced hormone replacement therapy “HRT” and medical weight loss programs. The Company recognized HRT and medical weight loss revenue as the services are provided.

Other management service fees are derived from management services where the Company provided billings and collections support to the clinics and where management services were provided based on state specific regulations known as the corporate practice of medicine (“CPM”). Under the CPM, a business corporation is precluded from practicing medicine or employing a physician to provide professional medical services. In these circumstances, the Company provides all administrative support to the physician-owned PC through an LLC. The PC is consolidated due to control by contract (an “MSA” – Management Services Agreement). The fees we derive from these management arrangements are either based on a predetermined percentage of the revenue of each clinic or a percentage mark up on the costs of the LLC. The Company recognized other management service revenue in the period in which services were rendered. These revenues are earned by IMAC Nashville, IMAC Management, IMAC Illinois, IMAC Florida, IMAC Louisiana and the Back Space and are eliminated in consolidation to the extent owned.

Patient Deposits

Patient deposits were derived from patient payments in advance of services delivered. Our service lines included traditional and regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine procedures are rarely paid by insurance carriers; therefore, the Company typically requires up-front payment from the patient for regenerative services and any co-pays and deductibles as required by the patient-specific insurance carrier. For some patients, credit is provided through an outside vendor. In this case, the Company is paid from the credit card company and the risk is transferred to the credit card company for collection from the patient. These funds were accounted for as patient deposits until the procedures were performed at which point the patient deposit was recognized as patient service revenue.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amount of accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their respective fair values due to the short-term nature. The carrying amount of the line of credit and note payable approximates fair values due to their market interest rates. Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable.

Variable Interest Entities

Certain states prohibit the “corporate practice of medicine,” which restricts business corporations from practicing medical care by exercising control over clinical decisions by doctors. In states which prohibit the corporate practice of medicine, the Company entered into long-term management agreements with professional corporations (“PCs”) that are owned by licensed doctors, which, in turn employ or contract with doctors who provide professional care in its clinics. Under these management agreements with PCs, the Company provided, on an exclusive basis, all non-clinical services of the practice.

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of variable interest entities (“VIE”) in which the Company is the primary beneficiary under the provisions of the FASB Accounting Standards Codification 810, “Consolidation”. The Company has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact a VIE’s economic performance. Additionally, the Company would absorb the substantially all of the expected losses from any of these entities should such expected losses occur. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company’s consolidated VIE’s include 12 PCs.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers all short-term investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company had no cash equivalents at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable primarily consists of amounts due from third-party payers (non-governmental), governmental payers and private pay patients and is recorded net of allowances for doubtful accounts and contractual discounts. The Company’s ability to collect outstanding receivables is critical to its results of operations and cash flows. Accordingly, accounts receivable reported in the Company’s consolidated financial statements is recorded at the net amount expected to be received.

The Company’s accounts receivable from third-party payers are recorded net of estimated contractual adjustments and allowances from third-party payers, which are estimated based on the historical trend of the Company’s facilities’ cash collections and contractual write-offs, accounts receivable aging, established fee schedules, relationships with payers and procedure statistics. While changes in estimated reimbursement from third-party payers remain a possibility, the Company expects that any such changes would be minimal and, therefore, would not have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The Company’s collection policies and procedures are based on the type of payor, size of claim and estimated collection percentage for each patient account. The Company analyzes accounts receivable at each of the facilities to ensure the proper collection and aged category. The operating systems generate reports that assist in the collection efforts by prioritizing patient accounts. Collection efforts include direct contact with insurance carriers or patients and written correspondence.

Allowance for Contractual, Other Discounts and Doubtful Accounts

Management estimates the allowance for contractual and other discounts based on its historical collection experience and contracted relationship with the payers. The services authorized and provided and related reimbursement are often subject to interpretation and negotiation that could result in payments that differ from the Company’s estimates.

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses.” This ASU added a new impairment model (known as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model) that is based on expected losses rather than incurred losses. Under the new guidance, an entity recognizes as an allowance its estimate of expected credit losses. As a result, the Company changed its accounting policy for allowance for doubtful accounts using an expected losses model rather than using incurred losses. The new model is based on the credit losses expected to arise over the life of the asset based on the Company’s expectations as of the balance sheet date through analyzing historical customer data as well as taking into consideration current economic trends.

As a smaller reporting Company pursuant to Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, these changes became effective for the Company on January 1, 2023. The adoption of ASU 2016-13 did not have a material financial impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The roll forward of the allowance for doubtful accounts for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and year ended December 31, 2023 was as follows:

 Schedule of Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

Note Receivable

Note Receivable consists of a subordinated promissory note and a convertible promissory note that the Company’s merger partner, Theralink Technologies, Inc. (“THER”) entered into during July of 2023 and August of 2023, respectively. Each note is due to be repaid within one year and contains interest compounding at 6.0%. The convertible promissory note also contains a convertible feature at the option of the Company into THER common stock at a fixed price of $0.00313 per share. The total amount loaned between the two notes was $3.0 million. The Company determined the fair value of the notes and related accrued interest owed as of March 31, 2024 was approximately $0.7 million (their principal balance less a credit loss allowance under ASU 2016-13 of approximately $2.3 million which was recorded as an impairment of assets in 2023) given the current financial position of THER and their perceived lack of ability to re-pay these notes as of March 31, 2024.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation. Additions and improvements to property and equipment are capitalized at cost. Depreciation of owned assets are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives and amortization of leasehold improvements are computed using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the related assets or the lease term. The cost of assets sold or retired, and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gains or losses are reflected in other income (expense) for the year. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred.

Intangible Assets

The Company capitalizes the fair value of intangible assets acquired in business combinations. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic useful lives, generally the contract term. The Company performs valuations of assets acquired and liabilities assumed on each acquisition accounted for as a business combination and allocates the purchase price of each acquired business to its respective net tangible and intangible assets. The Company records an impairment loss when the carrying amount of the asset is not recoverable and exceeds its fair value. An impairment loss of $0.06 million was recorded in January 2023 related to the sale of Louisiana. An impairment loss of $0.06 million was recorded in February 2023 related to the sale of BackSpace. An impairment loss of $0 and $0.12 million was charged to discontinued operations for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Long-Lived Assets

Long-lived assets such as property and equipment, operating lease assets and intangible assets are evaluated for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Some of the events or changes in circumstances that would trigger an impairment test include, but are not limited to:

Advertising and Marketing

The Company uses advertising and marketing to promote its services. Advertising and marketing costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising and marketing expense was approximately $0 and $7,732* for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per common share is computed by dividing net loss applicable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted net loss per common share is determined using the weighted-average of common shares outstanding during the year, adjusted for the dilutive effect of common stock equivalents, consisting of the conversion option embedded in convertible debt. The weighted-average number of common shares outstanding excludes common stock equivalents because their inclusion would have an anti-dilutive effect. Dilutive shares not included in the computation of dilutive loss per share because the effect would be anti-dilutive due to the Company’s net loss were as follows:

 Schedule of Net Loss Per Share

Income Taxes

Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred tax assets are required to be reduced by a valuation allowance to the extent that, based on the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized.