| Selling and administrative expenses |
25. Selling and administrative expenses Details of selling and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, are as follows:
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(Unit: USD) |
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Salaries |
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2,348,048 |
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2,124,171 |
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2,712,236 |
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Sundry allowances |
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110,106 |
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91,199 |
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79,529 |
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Miscellaneous salaries |
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— |
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9,288 |
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11,894 |
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Severance benefit |
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198,097 |
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158,813 |
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228,936 |
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Employee benefits |
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276,654 |
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252,445 |
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241,410 |
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Travel expenses |
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314,736 |
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268,660 |
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209,412 |
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Entertainment expenses |
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75,260 |
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37,393 |
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34,537 |
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Communication expenses |
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22,156 |
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14,593 |
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17,502 |
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Utilities |
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7,285 |
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18,398 |
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9,626 |
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Electricity |
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64,427 |
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52,249 |
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46,764 |
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Taxes and dues |
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120,438 |
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121,199 |
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274,993 |
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Depreciation |
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303,608 |
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411,596 |
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479,139 |
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Rent |
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363,459 |
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195,134 |
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71,008 |
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Repairing cost |
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10,939 |
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106,354 |
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6,755 |
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Insurance |
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212,261 |
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27,816 |
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33,332 |
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Vehicle maintenance |
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11,313 |
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4,574 |
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10,797 |
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Research and development expenses |
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750,309 |
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300,486 |
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927,206 |
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Transportation |
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183,664 |
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308,279 |
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156,697 |
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Training |
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828 |
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12 |
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2,240 |
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Publication expenses |
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17,772 |
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17,819 |
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10,934 |
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(Unit: USD) |
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Packing charge |
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— |
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— |
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8,568 |
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Office supplies |
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26,475 |
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26,043 |
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12,496 |
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Consumable supplies |
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37,747 |
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39,790 |
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25,353 |
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Commission |
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1,093,270 |
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484,107 |
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514,879 |
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Professional fee |
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1,907,205 |
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1,358,068 |
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3,191,779 |
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Advertisement expense |
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349,661 |
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225,067 |
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70,549 |
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Export expense |
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— |
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— |
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7,149 |
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Bad debt expenses |
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2,427,642 |
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46,005 |
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15,586,247 |
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Product warranty expense |
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29,637 |
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5,503 |
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33,573 |
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Miscellaneous expense |
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7,788 |
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19,116 |
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20,370 |
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Amortization |
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1,750,177 |
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1,412,799 |
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1,046,403 |
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Employee share compensation Cost |
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2,532,821 |
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687,888 |
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277,638 |
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Safety |
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— |
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2,755 |
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3,844 |
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Total |
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15,553,783 |
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8,827,619 |
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26,363,795 |
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