Fixed assets, net, summarized by major category, consist of the following (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2024		2023
Machinery and equipment (1)	$	106,877	$	121,773
Leasehold improvements	58,835		61,826
Computer equipment and software	16,490		17,186
Office furniture and equipment	2,446		2,543
Construction in progress (2)	107,997		105,905
Total	292,645		309,233
Less: accumulated depreciation (1)	(123,795)		(135,306)
Fixed assets, net	$	168,850	$	173,927

(1) During the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Company disposed of $19.0 million of fully depreciated machinery and equipment associated with its 45-liter EXPAREL manufacturing process at its contract manufacturing facility located in Swindon, England. The Company continues to operate its 200-liter EXPAREL manufacturing process at the same facility.

(2) In July 2024, a new 200-liter EXPAREL manufacturing suite at the Company’s Science Center Campus in San Diego, California was placed into service, for which approximately $76.1 million will be reclassified from construction in progress to machinery and equipment and, to a lesser extent, leasehold improvements in the third quarter of 2024.

For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation expense was $4.5 million and $4.7 million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there was $0.7 million and $0.7 million of capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites, respectively.

For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, depreciation expense was $8.6 million and $10.0 million, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, there was $1.4 million and $2.1 million of capitalized interest on the construction of manufacturing sites, respectively.

At June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, total fixed assets, net, includes manufacturing process equipment and leasehold improvements located in Europe in the amount of $32.5 million and $36.8 million, respectively.

As of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company had asset retirement obligations of $4.0 million and $4.3 million, respectively, included in accrued expenses and other liabilities on its condensed consolidated balance sheets, for costs associated with returning leased spaces to their original condition upon the termination of certain of its lease agreements.