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RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
The components of retirement benefits expense are as follows:
United States
pension benefit expense		Non-United States
pension benefit expense
Three months ended June 30
(In millions)2024202320242023
Service cost$5 $5 $11 $10 
Interest cost34 35 22 21 
Expected return on plan assets(48)(49)(33)(30)
Amortization3 1 2 3 
(6)(8)2 4 
Settlements10 10 2 — 
Total expense$4 $2 $4 $4 
United States
pension benefit expense		Non-United States pension benefit expense
Six months ended June 30
(In millions)2024202320242023
Service cost$9 $10 $23 $21 
Interest cost67 71 43 42 
Expected return on plan assets(95)(98)(66)(60)
Amortization5 2 5 4 
(14)(15)5 7 
Settlements19 19 3 1 
Total expense$5 $4 $8 $8 
The components of retirement benefits expense other than service costs are included in Other expense (income) - net.
During 2020, the Company announced it was freezing its United States pension plans for its non-union employees. The freeze was effective January 1, 2021 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit was determined under a cash balance formula and is effective January 1, 2026 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit is determined under a final average pay formula.