Ciena has undertaken a number of restructuring activities intended to reduce expense and to align its workforce and costs with market opportunities, product development, and business strategies. The following table sets forth the restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability accounts, which are included in accrued liabilities and other short-term obligations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, for the nine months ended July 27, 2024 (in thousands):


	Workforce reduction			Other restructuring activities			Total
Balance at October 28, 2023	$	1,913		$	—		$	1,913
Charges	13,708		(1)	8,279		(2)	21,987

Cash payments	(14,379)			(8,279)			(22,658)
Balance at July 27, 2024	$	1,242		$	—		$	1,242
Current restructuring liabilities	$	1,242		$	—		$	1,242

(1) Reflects a global workforce reduction of approximately 390 employees during the nine months ended July 27, 2024 as part of a business optimization strategy to improve gross margin, constrain operating expense and redesign certain business processes.

(2) Primarily represents costs related to restructured real estate facilities and the redesign of certain business processes associated with Ciena’s supply chain and distribution structure reorganization.

The following table sets forth the restructuring activity and balance of the restructuring liability accounts, which are included in accrued liabilities and other short-term obligations on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets for the nine months ended July 29, 2023 (in thousands):


	Workforce reduction			Other restructuring activities			Total
Balance at October 29, 2022	$	1,215		$	4,620		$	5,835
Charges	4,509		(1)	12,116		(2)	16,625


Cash payments	(4,920)			(16,736)			(21,656)
Balance at July 29, 2023	$	804		$	—		$	804
Current restructuring liabilities	$	804		$	—		$	804

(1) Reflects employee costs associated with workforce reductions during the nine months ended July 29, 2023 as part of a business optimization strategy to improve gross margin, constrain operating expense, and redesign certain business processes.