Leases

6 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

16. Leases

Changes in

Right-of-Use

assets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are as follows:


							(Unit: USD)
As of June 30, 2024
Classification	Beginning	Acquisition	Depreciation		Contract termination			Loss from translating foreign operations		Ending
Buildings	158,962	18,193	(105,197	)	(30,813	)		(7,376	)	33,769
Vehicles	25,336	—	(18,034	)	—			(1,192	)	6,110

Total	184,298	18,193	(123,231	)	(30,813	)		(8,568	)	39,879


																(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2023
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Depreciation			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from translating foreign operations			Ending
Buildings		104,083		276,290		(217,724	)		—		(1,589	)		(2,098	)		158,962
Vehicles		30,764		21,787		(26,398	)		—		—			(817	)		25,336

Total		134,847		298,077		(244,122	)		—		(1,589	)		(2,915	)		184,298

Changes in lease liabilities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, are as follows:


																(Unit: USD)
As of June 30, 2024
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Interest		Payments			Contract termination			Loss from transactin g foreign operations			Ending
Liabilities		179,237		16,411		5,090		(124,384	)		(29,582	)		(8,323	)		38,449


															(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2023
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Interest		Payments			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from transacting foreign operations			Ending
Liabilities		133,182		281,854		16,033		(247,419	)		—		(1,510	)		(2,903	)		179,237

Amount recognized of profit or loss in relation to the lease is as follows:


				(Unit: USD)
Classification	For the six months ended June 30, 2024			For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Right-of-Use assets

Buildings		105,197			106,587
Vehicles		18,034			7,815

Subtotal		123,231			114,402
Interest expense relating to lease liabilities		5,090			6,301
Expense relating to leases of low-value assets that are not short-term leases		16,448			9,840
Expense relating to short-term leases		133,778			141,293
Miscellaneous loss (profit)		(1,121	)		(91	)

Subtotal		154,195			157,343

Total		277,426			271,745

The total cash payments for leases for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, are as follows:


			(Unit: USD)
Classification	For the six months ended June 30, 2024		For the six months ended June 30, 2023
Repayments of lease (Cash Flow)		124,384		116,502
Expense relating to leases of low-value assets that are not short-term leases		16,448		9,840
Expense relating to short-term leases		133,778		141,293

Total Cash payments for leases		274,610		267,635

16. Leases

Changes in

Right-of-Use

assets as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are as follows:


																(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2023
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Depreciation			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from translating foreign operations			Ending
Buildings		104,083		276,290		(217,724	)		—		(1,589	)		(2,098	)		158,962
Vehicles		30,764		21,787		(26,398	)		—		—			(817	)		25,336

Total		134,847		298,077		(244,122	)		—		(1,589	)		(2,915	)		184,298


																(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2022
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Depreciation			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from translating foreign operations			Ending
Buildings		304,063		24,525		(202,977	)		6,612		(6,425	)		(21,715	)		104,083
Vehicles		55,480		—		(21,004	)		—		—			(3,712	)		30,764

Total		359,543		24,525		(223,981	)		6,612		(6,425	)		(25,427	)		134,847

Changes in lease liabilities as of December 31, 2023, and December 31, 2022, are as follows:


															(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2023
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Interest		Payments			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from transacting foreign operations			Ending
Liabilities		133,182		281,854		16,033		(247,419	)		—		(1,510	)		(2,903	)		179,237


															(Unit: USD)
As of December 31, 2022
Classification	Beginning		Acquisition		Interest		Payments			Change in contract		Contract termination			Loss from transacting foreign operations			Ending
Liabilities		350,973		21,801		15,601		(231,156	)		6,305		(5,555	)		(24,787	)		133,182

Amount recognized of profit or loss in relation to the lease is as follows:


				(Unit: USD)
Classification	For the year ended 2023			For the year ended 2022

Right-of-Use assets
Buildings		217,724			202,977
Vehicles		26,398			21,004
Subtotal		244,122			223,981
Interest expense relating to lease liabilities		16,033			15,601
Expense relating to leases of low-value assets that are not short-term leases		23,011			16,572
Expense relating to short-term leases		276,400			117,784
Miscellaneous loss (profit)		(90	)		(54	)

Subtotal		315,354			149,903

Total		559,476			373,884

The total cash payments for leases for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023, and 2022, are as follows:


			(Unit: USD)
Classification	For the year ended 2023		For the year ended 2022
Repayments of lease (Cash Flow)		247,419		231,156
Expense relating to leases of low-value assets that are not short-term leases		23,011		16,572
Expense relating to short-term leases		276,400		117,784

Total Cash payments for leases		546,830		365,512