7. Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

Performance Obligations

Net revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied in previous periods was immaterial for the three months ended September 30, 2024 primarily due to change orders.

Remaining performance obligations represent the transaction price of firm orders for all revenue streams for which work has not been performed on contracts with original expected duration of one year or more. We do not disclose the remaining performance obligations of royalty contracts, service contracts for which there is a right to invoice, and short-term contracts that are expected to have a duration of one year or less. As of September 30, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $4,836 million. Although numerous factors can affect timing of revenue recognized on performance obligations, such as customer change orders and supplier accelerations or delays, the Company expects to recognize approximately $431 million in revenue for the remaining performance obligations in the remainder of 2024, $1,538 million in 2025, $1,082 million in 2026, and $1,785 million thereafter.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

Contract assets include unbilled amounts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer under contracts where revenue is recognized over time. Contract liabilities consist of customer billings in excess of revenue recognized under over-time contracts, customer advance payments and deferred revenue.

Royalty Revenue

The Company recognizes royalty revenue due under various licenses for the Company's intellectual property, including for technology related to drill bits. The Company recognized revenue for drill bit licenses of approximately $17 million and $50 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, and $21 million and $62 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company is currently pursuing litigation against certain non-paying licensees, which will impact our ability to collect the receivables timely. As such, revenue and the related receivables are recorded at a discount to reflect the delayed timing of future cash collections. As of September 30, 2024, the receivables of $109 million, net of allowances of $21 million for credit losses and $16 million for the remaining timing related discount, are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. These allowances do not impact the amount the Company is entitled to recover on its claims from the licensees in litigation. While we continue to believe it is probable the Company will collect all or substantially all of the consideration to which it is entitled pursuant to the terms of the licensing agreements, the Company will also continue to evaluate the credit quality of the receivables. See Note 15 for discussion of the ongoing litigation.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company estimates its allowance for credit losses using information about past events, current conditions and risk characteristics of each customer, and reasonable and supportable forecasts relevant to assessing risk associated with the collectability of receivables and contract assets. The Company’s customer base, mostly in the oil and gas industry, have generally similar collectability risk characteristics, although larger and state-owned customers may have lower risk than smaller independent customers. As of September 30, 2024, the allowance for credit losses totaled $69 million.