v3.24.3
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS RETIREMENT BENEFITS PLANS
The components of retirement benefits expense are as follows:
United States
pension benefit expense		Non-United States
pension benefit expense
Three months ended September 30
(In millions)2024202320242023
Service cost$5 $4 $11 $11 
Interest cost33 35 21 22 
Expected return on plan assets(47)(48)(35)(31)
Amortization2 1 4 1 
(7)(8)1 4 
Settlements12 9 1 1 
Total expense$5 $1 $2 $5 
United States
pension benefit expense		Non-United States pension benefit expense
Nine months ended September 30
(In millions)2024202320242023
Service cost$14 $14 $34 $32 
Interest cost100 106 64 64 
Expected return on plan assets(142)(146)(101)(91)
Amortization7 3 9 5 
(21)(23)6 11 
Settlements31 28 4 2 
Total expense$10 $5 $10 $13 
The components of retirement benefits expense other than service costs are included in Other income - net.
During 2020, the Company announced it was freezing its United States pension plans for its non-union employees. The freeze was effective January 1, 2021 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit was determined under a cash balance formula and is effective January 1, 2026 for non-union U.S. employees whose retirement benefit is determined under a final average pay formula.