v3.24.3
Segments
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segments Segments
The following table presents the Company’s operations by reportable segment. The Company is managed through three reportable segments, Technology & Analytics Solutions, Research & Development Solutions and Contract Sales & Medical Solutions. Technology & Analytics Solutions provides mission critical information, technology solutions and real world insights and services to the Company's life science clients. Research & Development Solutions, which primarily serves biopharmaceutical customers, provides outsourced clinical research and clinical trial related services. Contract Sales & Medical Solutions provides health care provider (including contract sales) and patient engagement services to both biopharmaceutical clients and the broader healthcare market.
Certain costs are not allocated to our segments and are reported as general corporate and unallocated expenses. These costs primarily consist of stock-based compensation and expenses related to integration activities and acquisitions. The Company also does not allocate restructuring costs, depreciation and amortization, or impairment charges, if any, to its segments. Asset information by segment is not presented, as this measure is not used by the chief operating decision maker to assess the Company’s performance. The Company’s reportable segment information is presented below:
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)2024202320242023
Revenues
Technology & Analytics Solutions$1,554 $1,431 $4,502 $4,331 
Research & Development Solutions2,162 2,122 6,404 6,244 
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions180 183 541 541 
Total revenues3,896 3,736 11,447 11,116 
Cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization
Technology & Analytics Solutions922 859 2,720 2,593 
Research & Development Solutions1,442 1,410 4,268 4,213 
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions154 157 462 461 
Total cost of revenues, exclusive of depreciation and amortization2,518 2,426 7,450 7,267 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
Technology & Analytics Solutions227 217 681 652 
Research & Development Solutions222 217 666 640 
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions14 14 45 43 
General corporate and unallocated59 54 147 162 
Total selling, general and administrative expenses522 502 1,539 1,497 
Segment profit
Technology & Analytics Solutions405 355 1,101 1,086 
Research & Development Solutions498 495 1,470 1,391 
Contract Sales & Medical Solutions12 12 34 37 
Total segment profit915 862 2,605 2,514 
General corporate and unallocated(59)(54)(147)(162)
Depreciation and amortization(278)(297)(811)(809)
Restructuring costs(28)(30)(71)(67)
Total income from operations$550 $481 $1,576 $1,476