Goodwill represents the future economic benefits of a business combination to the extent that the purchase price exceeds the fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed. The Company determines the estimated fair value of the net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed after review and consideration of relevant information including discounted cash flows, quoted market prices, and estimates made by management.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment as of October 1 each year, or more frequently as circumstances indicate it is necessary. Testing compares the estimated fair values of our reporting units to the reporting units’ carrying values. The reportable segments with goodwill balances as of September 30, 2024 included the United States, Canada and Poland. For the quantitative goodwill impairment test, the current fair value of each reporting unit with goodwill balances is estimated using a combination of (i) the income approach using the discounted cash flow method for projected revenue, EBITDAR and working capital, (ii) the market approach observing the price at which comparable companies or shares of comparable companies are bought or sold, and (iii) fair value measurements using either quoted market price or an estimate of fair value using a present value technique. The cost approach, estimating the cost of reproduction or replacement of an asset, was considered but not used because it does not adequately capture an operating company’s intangible value. If the carrying value of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, the Company will recognize an impairment for the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. The impairment analysis requires management to make estimates about future operating results, valuation multiples and discount rates and assumptions based on historical data and consideration of future market conditions. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect these estimates. Given the uncertainty inherent in any projection, actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used, or conditions may change, which could result in additional impairment charges in the future. Such impairments could be material.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill related to the United States, Canada and Poland segments are as follows:


Amounts in thousands	United States		Canada		Poland		Total
Gross carrying value January 1, 2024	$	89,975	$	7,233	$	6,536	$	103,744
Currency translation		—		(78)		154		76
Gross carrying value September 30, 2024		89,975		7,155		6,690		103,820

Accumulated impairment losses January 1, 2024		(19,786)		(3,375)		—		(23,161)
Accumulated impairment losses September 30, 2024		(19,786)		(3,375)		—		(23,161)

Net carrying value at January 1, 2024	$	70,189	$	3,858	$	6,536	$	80,583
Net carrying value at September 30, 2024	$	70,189	$	3,780	$	6,690	$	80,659

Intangible Assets

The Company tests its indefinite-lived intangible assets as of October 1 each year, or more frequently as circumstances indicate it is necessary. The fair value is determined primarily using the multi-period excess earnings methodology and the relief from royalty method under the income approach.

Intangible assets at September 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following:


		September 30,		December 31,
Amounts in thousands	2024		2023
Finite-lived
Casino licenses	$	3,283	$	2,499
Less: accumulated amortization		(770)		(1,417)
		2,513		1,082
Trademarks		16,718		16,718
Less: accumulated amortization		(3,092)		(1,843)
		13,626		14,875
Players club lists		59,253		59,253
Less: accumulated amortization		(19,348)		(14,272)
		39,905		44,981
Total finite-lived intangible assets, net		56,044		60,938
Indefinite-lived
Casino licenses		30,369		30,604
Trademarks		1,703		1,665
Total indefinite-lived intangible assets		32,072		32,269
Total intangible assets, net	$	88,116	$	93,207

Trademarks

The Company currently owns five trademarks: Century Casinos, Mountaineer, Nugget, Rocky Gap and Casinos Poland. The trademarks are reported as intangible assets on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Trademarks: Finite-Lived

The Company has determined that the Mountaineer, Nugget and Rocky Gap trademarks, all reported in the United States segment, have useful lives of ten years after considering, among other things, the expected use of the asset, the expected useful life of other related assets or asset groups, any legal, regulatory, or contractual provisions that may limit the useful life, the effects of obsolescence, demand and other economic factors, and the maintenance expenditures required to promote and support the trademark. As such, the trademarks will be amortized over their useful lives. Costs incurred to renew trademarks that are finite-lived are expensed over the renewal period to general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of loss.

Changes in the carrying amount of the United States trademarks are as follows:


Amounts in thousands		Balance at ‎January 1, 2024		Amortization		Balance at September 30, 2024
United States	$	14,875	$	(1,249)	$	13,626

As of September 30, 2024, estimated amortization expense of the United States trademarks over the next five years was as follows:


Amounts in thousands
2024	$	415
2025		1,665
2026		1,665
2027		1,665
2028		1,665
Thereafter		6,551
	$	13,626

The weighted-average amortization period of the United States trademarks is 7.5 years.

Trademarks: Indefinite-Lived

The Company has determined that the Casinos Poland trademark, reported in the Poland segment, and the Century Casinos trademark, reported in the Corporate and Other segment, have indefinite useful lives and therefore the Company does not amortize these trademarks. Costs incurred to renew trademarks that are indefinite-lived are expensed over the renewal period as general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of loss.

Changes in the carrying amount of the indefinite-lived trademarks are as follows:


Amounts in thousands		Balance at January 1, 2024		Currency translation		Balance at September 30, 2024
Poland	$	1,557	$	38	$	1,595
Corporate and Other		108		—		108
	$	1,665	$	38	$	1,703

Casino Licenses: Finite-Lived

As of September 30, 2024, Casinos Poland had six casino licenses and five operating casinos, each with an original term of six years, which are reported as finite-lived intangible assets and are amortized over their respective useful lives.

Changes in the carrying amount of the Casinos Poland licenses are as follows:


Amounts in thousands		Balance at January 1, 2024		New Casino License		Amortization		Currency translation		Balance at September 30, 2024
Poland	$	1,082	$	1,760	$	(426)	$	97	$	2,513

As of September 30, 2024, estimated amortization expense for the CPL casino licenses over the next five years was as follows:


Amounts in thousands
2024	$	137
2025		508
2026		480
2027		480
2028		439
Thereafter		469
	$	2,513

These estimates do not reflect the impact of future foreign exchange rate changes or the continuation of the licenses following their expiration. The weighted average period before the next license expiration is 4.4 years. In Poland, gaming licenses are not renewable. Before a gaming license expires for a particular city, there is a public notification of the available license and any gaming company can apply for a new license for that city. Although the Company applies for the new license prior to the expiration of the current license, there is no guarantee a new license will be awarded prior to the expiration of the current license or at all. The Company closed the Krakow casino in May 2024 and the LIM Center casino in Warsaw in July 2024 due to the expiration of the gaming licenses. CPL applied for new casino licenses for these locations but was notified in October 2024 that it was not awarded the licenses at either location.

Casino Licenses: Indefinite-Lived

The Company has determined that the casino licenses held in the United States segment from the Missouri Gaming Commission, the West Virginia Lottery Commission and the Nevada Gaming Commission (held by Smooth Bourbon) and those held in the Canada segment from the Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission and Horse Racing Alberta are indefinite-lived. Costs incurred to renew licenses that are indefinite-lived are expensed over the renewal period to general and administrative expenses on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of loss. Changes in the carrying amount of the licenses are as follows:


Amounts in thousands		Balance at ‎January 1, 2024		Currency translation		Balance at September 30, 2024
United States	$	18,962	$	—	$	18,962
Canada		11,642		(235)		11,407
	$	30,604	$	(235)	$	30,369

Player’s Club Lists

The Company has determined that the player’s club lists, reported in the United States segment, have useful lives of seven to 10 years based on estimated revenue attrition among the player’s club members over each property’s historical operations as estimated by management. As such, the player’s club lists will be amortized over their useful lives. Changes in the carrying amount of the player’s club lists are as follows:

As of September 30, 2024, estimated amortization expense for the player’s club lists over the next five years was as follows: