Note 3. Revenue Recognition

We primarily derive revenue from the following sources: (1) royalty-based software license arrangements, (2) connected services, and (3) professional services. Revenue is reported net of applicable sales and use tax, value-added tax and other transaction taxes imposed on the related transaction including mandatory government charges that are passed through to our customers. We account for a contract when both parties have approved and committed to the contract, the rights of the parties are identified, payment terms are identified, the contract has commercial substance and collectability of consideration is probable.

(a) Disaggregated Revenue

For the three months ended December 31, 2024, revenues within China were $5.4 million, which were over 10% of revenues.

Revenues relating to three customers accounted for $7.4 million, or 14.5%, $6.2 million, or 12.2%, and $6.0 million, or 11.8%, of revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2024.

Revenues relating to one customer accounted for $78.4 million, or 56.7%, of revenues for the three months ended December 31, 2023. On October 31, 2023, we entered into an early termination agreement relating to a legacy contract acquired by Nuance Communications Inc. (“Nuance”) through a 2013 acquisition. Previously, the term of the contract ended on December 31, 2025, whereas the agreement signed on October 31, 2023 updated the termination date to December 31, 2023. There was no cash flow associated with this legacy contract. For the three months ended December 31, 2023, a total of $76.3 million was recognized in relation to this contract including $67.8 million of deferred revenue that was accelerated into the first quarter of fiscal year 2024.

(b) Contract Acquisition Costs

We are required to capitalize certain contract acquisition costs. The capitalized costs primarily relate to paid commissions. The current and noncurrent portions of contract acquisition costs are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and in Other assets, respectively. As of December 31, 2024 and September 30, 2024, we had $6.2 million and $7.1 million of contract acquisition costs, respectively. We had amortization expense of $0.6 million and $0.7 million related to these costs during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no impairment related to contract acquisition costs.

(c) Capitalized Contract Costs

We capitalize incremental costs incurred to fulfill our contracts that (i) relate directly to the contract, (ii) are expected to generate resources that will be used to satisfy our performance obligation under the contract, and (iii) are expected to be recovered through revenue generated under the contract. The current and noncurrent portions of capitalized contract fulfillment costs are presented as Deferred costs.

We had amortization expense of $2.4 million and $4.1 million related to these costs during the three months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. There was no impairment related to contract costs capitalized. Within the first quarter of fiscal 2024, we had an acceleration of $2.0 million in expenses associated with the termination of the legacy contract acquired by Nuance through a 2013 acquisition.

(d) Trade Accounts Receivable and Contract Balances

We classify our right to consideration in exchange for deliverables as either a receivable or a contract asset. A receivable is a right to consideration that is unconditional (i.e., only the passage of time is required before payment is due). We present such receivables in Accounts receivable, net at their net estimated realizable value. Accounts receivable, net as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 was $62.8 million and $61.3 million, respectively. We maintain an allowance for credit losses to provide for the estimated amount of receivables and contract assets that may not be collected.

Our contract assets and liabilities are reported in a net position on a contract-by-contract basis at the end of each reporting period.

Contract assets include unbilled amounts from long-term contracts when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer, and the right to payment is not solely subject to the passage of time. Contract assets were $56.7 million as of September 30, 2023. The current and noncurrent portions of contract assets are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets and Other assets, respectively. The table below shows significant changes in contract assets (dollars in thousands):

Our contract liabilities, which we present as deferred revenue, consist of advance payments and billings in excess of revenues recognized. Deferred revenues were $222.6 million as of September 30, 2023. We classify deferred revenue as current or noncurrent based on when we expect to recognize the revenues. The table below shows significant changes in deferred revenue (dollars in thousands):

(e) Remaining Performance Obligations

The table above includes fixed remaining performance obligations and does not include contingent usage-based activities, such as royalties and usage-based connected services.