For the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recognized stock-based compensation windfall of $46.0 million (tax-effected).

The Company’s income tax expense as recorded in the financial statements differs from the benefit computed by applying statutory tax rates to net loss before income taxes due to permanent differences related to the deductibility of certain expenses and the valuation allowance. Current income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, related to state and foreign expense was not material.

As of December 31, 2024 the Company had federal net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards of $257.0 million (tax effected) and state NOL carry forwards of approximately $51.7 million (tax effected), which may be available to offset future taxable income. The federal NOLs will begin to expire in 2037 and the state NOLs will begin to expire in 2028. A full valuation allowance has been recorded against the NOL carry forwards.

The Company files income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state jurisdictions. Due to its operating loss carryforwards, the U.S. federal statute of limitations remains open for tax year 2016 and onward and the Company continues to be subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service for tax years 2016 and later. The resolutions of any examinations are not expected to be material to these financial statements. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there are no penalties or accrued interest recorded in the consolidated financial statements. The calculation of the Company’s tax obligations involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws and regulations. ASC 740, Income Taxes, provides that a tax benefit from an uncertain tax position may be recognized when it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained upon examination, including resolutions of any related appeals or litigation processes, on the basis of the technical merits. The Company has assessed its income tax positions and recorded tax benefits for all years subject to examination, based upon its evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at each period end. For those tax positions where the Company has determined there is a greater than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, the Company has recorded the largest amount of tax benefit that may potentially be realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is determined there is less than 50% likelihood that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized. The Company had no uncertain tax positions during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The Company recognizes interest and, if applicable, penalties for any uncertain tax positions. Interest and penalties are recorded as a component of income tax expense. In the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Company did not have any accrued interest or penalties associated with any unrecognized tax benefits.

The Company does not provide for U.S. income taxes on unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries. Unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries were immaterial on December 31, 2024 and 2023.