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LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY
3. LOANS AND CREDIT QUALITY
 
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following:

 December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)20242023
Commercial and industrial$606,936 $575,707 
Real estate:
Construction145,211 185,519 
Residential mortgage1,892,520 1,927,789 
Home equity676,982 736,524 
Commercial mortgage1,500,680 1,382,902 
Consumer510,523 630,541 
Loans, net of deferred fees and costs$5,332,852 $5,438,982 

There are different types of risk characteristics for the loans in each portfolio segment. The construction and real estate segment's predominant risk characteristics are the collateral and the geographic location of the property collateralizing the loan, as well as the operating cash flow for the commercial real estate properties. The commercial and industrial segment's predominant risk characteristics are the cash flows of the business we lend to, the global cash flows and liquidity of the guarantors, as well as economic and market conditions. The consumer segment's predominant risk characteristics are employment and income levels as they relate to the consumer.

In 2024, the Company sold one loan with an amortized cost of $9.7 million and received proceeds of $9.4 million. The loan did not have any credit concerns at the time of sale. The loss of $0.3 million was recorded through charge-offs in the allowance for credit losses.

In 2023, the Company transferred one loan to the loans held for sale category. The loan did not have any credit concerns at the time of transfer and thus was transferred to loans held for sale at its amortized cost of $9.8 million. The loan was sold in 2023 for $9.6 million, or a loss of $0.2 million, which was recorded in other operating expense. The Company did not transfer any other loans to the held-for-sale category during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

The Company has purchased loan portfolios, none of which were credit deteriorated at the time of purchase.
The following table presents loan purchases by class for the periods presented:

(Dollars in thousands)Consumer - UnsecuredConsumer - AutomobileTotal
Year Ended December 31, 2024
Purchases:
Outstanding balance$— $47,560 $47,560 
Purchase premium— 1,883 1,883 
Purchase price$— $49,443 $49,443 
Year Ended December 31, 2023
Purchases:
Outstanding balance$3,932 $15,159 $19,091 
Purchase premium— 568 568 
Purchase price$3,932 $15,727 $19,659 

In the normal course of business, the Bank makes loans to certain directors, executive officers and their affiliates. Related party loan balances were $33.0 million and $33.7 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Collateral-Dependent Loans

In accordance with ASC 326, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral. The following table presents the amortized cost basis of collateral-dependent loans by class, which are individually evaluated to determine expected credit losses, and the related ACL allocated to these loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023:

December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)Secured by
1-4 Family
Residential
Properties		Secured by
Nonfarm
Nonresidential
Properties		TotalAllocated
ACL
Real estate:
Residential mortgage$9,044 $— $9,044 $— 
Home equity952 — 952 — 
Total$9,996 $— $9,996 $— 

December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)Secured by
1-4 Family
Residential
Properties		Secured by
Nonfarm
Nonresidential
Properties		TotalAllocated
ACL
Real estate:
Residential mortgage$6,450 $— $6,450 $47 
Home equity834 — 834 — 
Commercial mortgage— 77 77 — 
Total$7,284 $77 $7,361 $47 
Foreclosure Proceedings

Residential mortgage and home equity loans collateralized by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure totaled $3.9 million and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The residential mortgage and home equity loans that were in the process of foreclosure are well-collateralized with low loan-to-value ratios and no losses are expected upon foreclosure of the loans.
The Company did not foreclose on any loans during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Company did not sell any foreclosed properties during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Nonaccrual and Past Due Loans

For all loan types, the Company determines delinquency status by considering the number of days full payments required by the contractual terms of the loan are past due. The following tables present by class, the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The following tables also present the amortized cost of loans on nonaccrual status for which there was no related ACL as of the dates indicated:

December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)Accruing
Loans
30 - 59
Days
Past Due		Accruing
Loans
60 - 89
Days
Past Due		Accruing
Loans
90+ 
Days
Past Due		Nonaccrual
Loans		Total
Past Due
and
Nonaccrual		Loans and
Leases Not
Past Due		TotalNonaccrual Loans with No ACL
Commercial and industrial$2,978 $210 $— $414 $3,602 $603,334 $606,936 $— 
Real estate:
Construction— — — — — 145,211 145,211 — 
Residential mortgage8,880 3,316 323 9,044 21,563 1,870,957 1,892,520 9,044 
Home equity943 485 78 952 2,458 674,524 676,982 952 
Commercial mortgage— — — — — 1,500,680 1,500,680 — 
Consumer5,255 1,444 373 608 7,680 502,843 510,523 — 
Total$18,056 $5,455 $774 $11,018 $35,303 $5,297,549 $5,332,852 $9,996 

December 31, 2023
(Dollars in thousands)Accruing
Loans
30 - 59
Days
Past Due		Accruing
Loans
60 - 89
Days
Past Due		Accruing
Loans
90+ 
Days
Past Due		Nonaccrual
Loans		Total
Past Due
and
Nonaccrual		Loans and
Leases Not
Past Due		TotalNonaccrual Loans with No ACL
Commercial and industrial$513 $169 $— $432 $1,114 $574,593 $575,707 $— 
Real estate:
Construction— — — — — 185,519 185,519 — 
Residential mortgage3,082 2,140 — 4,962 10,184 1,917,605 1,927,789 4,855 
Home equity804 400 229 834 2,267 734,257 736,524 834 
Commercial mortgage— — — 77 77 1,382,825 1,382,902 77 
Consumer5,677 2,329 1,083 703 9,792 620,749 630,541 — 
Total$10,076 $5,038 $1,312 $7,008 $23,434 $5,415,548 $5,438,982 $5,766 

Interest income totaling $0.1 million, $0.1 million, and $1.6 million was recognized on nonaccrual loans in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Additional interest income of $0.6 million, $0.3 million, and $0.2 million would have been recognized in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, had these loans been accruing interest throughout those periods. Additionally, interest income recoveries of $0.2 million, $0.4 million, and $0.3 million was collected on charged-off loans and recognized in other operating income in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Loan Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

Since the adoption of ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023 and during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company has not modified any loans that were material, individually or in the aggregate, for borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Troubled Debt Restructurings Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02

Prior to our adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company accounted for a modification to the contractual terms of a loan that resulted in granting a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulties as a TDR.
There were $1.9 million and $2.1 million of TDRs still accruing interest at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, none of which were more than 90 days delinquent. There were $0.8 million and $0.9 million of TDRs included in nonperforming assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans by credit risk. This analysis includes non-homogeneous loans, such as commercial and industrial and commercial real estate loans. This analysis is performed on a quarterly basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk rating of loans:

Pass. Loans classified as pass are not adversely rated, are contractually current as to principal and interest, and are otherwise in compliance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement.

Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention, while still adequately protected by the borrower's capital adequacy and payment capability, exhibit distinct weakening trends and/or elevated levels of exposure to external conditions. If left unchecked or uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deteriorated prospects of repayment. These exposures require management's close attention so as to avoid becoming undue or unwarranted credit exposures.

Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the borrower's current financial condition and payment capability or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly repayment of debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or orderly repayment in full, on the basis of current existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable. Possibility of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific factors that may work to the advantage and strengthening of the exposure, its classification as an estimate loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.

Loss. Loans classified as loss are considered to be non-collectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted. This does not mean the loan has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is neither practical nor desirable to defer writing off the loan, even though partial recovery may be obtained in the future. Losses are taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible.
The following tables present the amortized cost basis, net of deferred (fees) costs of the Company's loans by class, credit quality indicator and origination year as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Revolving loans converted to term as of and during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 were not material to the total loan portfolio.

Amortized Cost of Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)20242023202220212020PriorAmortized Cost of Revolving LoansTotal
December 31, 2024
Commercial and industrial:
Risk Rating
Pass$167,816 $58,905 $69,576 $57,354 $21,827 $142,546 $81,876 $599,900 
Special Mention— — — 2,539 — — — 2,539 
Substandard3,372 110 922 11 — 82 — 4,497 
Subtotal171,188 59,015 70,498 59,904 21,827 142,628 81,876 606,936 
Construction:
Risk Rating
Pass10,141 33,646 35,398 19,217 11,754 34,937 118 145,211 
Subtotal10,141 33,646 35,398 19,217 11,754 34,937 118 145,211 
Residential mortgage:
Risk Rating
Pass85,844 89,118 259,516 589,118 393,633 465,032 — 1,882,261 
Substandard— — 1,599 616 1,855 6,189 — 10,259 
Subtotal85,844 89,118 261,115 589,734 395,488 471,221 — 1,892,520 
Home equity:
Risk Rating
Pass1,060 11,787 28,687 18,277 8,406 25,235 582,499 675,951 
Substandard— — — — — 1,031 — 1,031 
Subtotal1,060 11,787 28,687 18,277 8,406 26,266 582,499 676,982 
Commercial mortgage:
Risk Rating
Pass180,391 95,323 235,344 223,724 111,399 635,255 5,731 1,487,167 
Special Mention— 621 — 2,506 — 2,930 — 6,057 
Substandard— — — — — 7,456 — 7,456 
Subtotal180,391 95,944 235,344 226,230 111,399 645,641 5,731 1,500,680 
Consumer:
Risk Rating
Pass95,971 60,771 173,097 92,976 20,838 14,466 51,422 509,541 
Substandard21 90 162 144 27 478 60 982 
Subtotal95,992 60,861 173,259 93,120 20,865 14,944 51,482 510,523 
Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs$544,616 $350,371 $804,301 $1,006,482 $569,739 $1,335,637 $721,706 $5,332,852 

The following table includes gross charge-offs of loans by origination year during the year ended December 31, 2024.

Gross Charge-offs by Year of Origination
(Dollars in thousands)20242023202220212020PriorAmortized Cost of Revolving LoansTotal
Commercial and industrial:$102 $434 $438 $519 $33 $1,451 $— $2,977 
Real estate:
Residential mortgage— — 175 — — 208 — 383 
Consumer140 675 10,132 4,179 481 1,259 — 16,866 
Total gross charge-offs$242 $1,109 $10,745 $4,698 $514 $2,918 $— $20,226 
Amortized Cost of Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorAmortized Cost of Revolving LoansTotal
December 31, 2023
Commercial and industrial:
Risk Rating
Pass$83,333 $82,649 $77,551 $32,831 $42,162 $152,940 $90,177 $561,643 
Special Mention— — 2,916 — — 944 93 3,953 
Substandard37 1,189 576 662 571 7,026 50 10,111 
Subtotal83,370 83,838 81,043 33,493 42,733 160,910 90,320 575,707 
Construction:
Risk Rating
Pass8,434 52,596 69,203 18,878 2,136 31,090 2,778 185,115 
Special Mention— — 404 — — — — 404 
Subtotal8,434 52,596 69,607 18,878 2,136 31,090 2,778 185,519 
Residential mortgage:
Risk Rating
Pass101,473 266,314 609,648 414,430 144,312 385,452 — 1,921,629 
Special Mention— — — — — 268 — 268 
Substandard— 1,057 299 931 818 2,787 — 5,892 
Subtotal101,473 267,371 609,947 415,361 145,130 388,507 — 1,927,789 
Home equity:
Risk Rating
Pass12,229 32,208 19,589 8,766 6,372 17,379 638,917 735,460 
Substandard— — — — 66 998 — 1,064 
Subtotal12,229 32,208 19,589 8,766 6,438 18,377 638,917 736,524 
Commercial mortgage:
Risk Rating
Pass96,479 256,660 202,933 115,055 112,578 566,325 6,311 1,356,341 
Special Mention— — — — 10,513 9,638 — 20,151 
Substandard— — 2,587 — 1,654 2,169 — 6,410 
Subtotal96,479 256,660 205,520 115,055 124,745 578,132 6,311 1,382,902 
Consumer:
Risk Rating
Pass88,593 261,752 144,341 36,431 27,970 10,538 59,130 628,755 
Substandard58 231 205 87 83 1,084 10 1,758 
Loss— — — — — 28 — 28 
Subtotal88,651 261,983 144,546 36,518 28,053 11,650 59,140 630,541 
Total loans, net of deferred fees and costs$390,636 $954,656 $1,130,252 $628,071 $349,235 $1,188,666 $797,466 $5,438,982 

The following table includes gross charge-offs of loans by origination year during the year ended December 31, 2023.

Gross Charge-offs by Year of Origination
(Dollars in thousands)20232022202120202019PriorAmortized Cost of Revolving LoansTotal
Commercial and industrial:$211 $314 $204 $— $276 $957 $— $1,962 
Consumer111 8,282 5,997 1,148 833 874 — 17,245 
Total gross charge-offs$322 $8,596 $6,201 $1,148 $1,109 $1,831 $— $19,207