v3.25.1
Income tax (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income tax  
Schedule of (loss) income before income tax expense and share of income (loss) in equity method investments

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

​

    

Year Ended December 31,

​

 

2022

 

2023

 

2024

​

    

RMB

    

RMB

    

RMB

PRC

 

(7,480,164)

 

(8,302,693)

 

(5,397,006)

Netherlands

​

—

​

(107,145)

​

(434,291)

Sweden

 

131,098

 

119,064

 

89,231

Others

 

7,254

 

1,854

 

3,891

Total

 

(7,355,091)

 

(8,288,920)

 

(5,738,175)

Schedule of reconciliations of differences between PRC statutory income tax rate and the Group's effective income tax rate

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​

Year Ended December 31,

​

​

    

2022

    

2023

    

2024

 

Statutory income tax rate

​

25.0

%  

25.0

%  

25.0

%

Non-deductible expenses

 

(0.8)

%  

(0.3)

%  

(1.3)

%

Additional tax deduction for qualified research and development expenses

 

0.9

%  

1.7

%  

5.0

%

Non-taxable income

 

—

%  

0.4

%  

0.8

%

Tax effect of preferential tax rate

 

0.8

%  

(0.3)

%  

(11.1)

%

Effect of changes in tax rates

​

—

%  

—

%  

(20.4)

%

Effect on tax rates in different tax jurisdiction

 

0.1

%  

(0.6)

%  

0.1

%

Change in valuation allowance

 

(27.8)

%  

(27.2)

%  

0.7

%

Others

 

0.1

%  

0.5

%  

(1.9)

%

Income tax expense

 

(1.7)

%  

(0.8)

%  

(3.1)

%

Schedule of income tax expense (benefit)

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​

    

Year Ended December 31,

​

    

2022

    

2023

    

2024

​

​

RMB

​

RMB

​

RMB

Current income tax expense

​

96,321

​

103,865

​

381,407

Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)

 

30,947

 

(41,752)

 

(204,655)

Total

 

127,268

 

62,113

 

176,752

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

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​

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As of December 31, 

​

    

2023

    

2024

​

​

RMB

​

RMB

Deferred tax assets

​

​

​

​

Net operating loss carry-forwards

 

1,339,819

 

1,657,491

Development Expense

 

3,419,526

 

2,876,708

Accrued expenses

 

355,956

 

520,494

Inter-group unrealized profits

 

194,486

 

227,014

Depreciation and amortization

 

150,217

 

371,642

Others

 

6,415

 

26,499

Valuation allowance

 

(5,380,024)

 

(5,339,883)

Total deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance

 

86,395

 

339,965

Deferred tax liabilities:

​

​

​

​

Disposal of an associate

​

—

​

52,847

Others

​

8,337

​

4,405

Total deferred tax liabilities

​

8,337

​

57,252

Net deferred tax assets

​

78,058

​

282,713

Analysis as:

​

​

​

​

Deferred tax assets

​

86,395

​

339,965

Deferred tax liabilities

​

8,337

​

57,252

Net deferred tax assets

​

78,058

​

282,713

Schedule of aggregate amount and per share effect of tax holiday

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​

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​

​

    

Year Ended December 31,

​

    

2022

    

2023

    

2024

​

​

RMB

​

RMB

​

RMB

The aggregate effect

 

(63,325)

 

—

 

(179,435)

Per share effect – basic and diluted

 

(0.03)

 

—

 

(0.08)

Schedule of movement of valuation allowance

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​

​

Year ended December 31,

​

    

2022

    

2023

    

2024

​

​

RMB

​

RMB

​

RMB

Balance at beginning of the year

​

1,061,275

​

3,151,394

​

5,380,024

Additions

​

2,090,119

​

2,228,630

​

1,226,423

Reversals

 

—

 

—

 

(1,266,564)

Balance at end of the year

​

3,151,394

​

5,380,024

​

5,339,883