If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart. When a Multiple Class Fund offers more than one Class in the prospectus, provide annual total returns in the bar chart for only one of those Classes. The Fund can select which Class to include (e.g., the oldest Class, the Class with the greatest net assets).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart. When a Multiple Class Fund offers more than one Class in the prospectus, provide annual total returns in the bar chart for only one of those Classes. The Fund can select which Class to include (e.g., the oldest Class, the Class with the greatest net assets).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart. When a Multiple Class Fund offers more than one Class in the prospectus, provide annual total returns in the bar chart for only one of those Classes. The Fund can select which Class to include (e.g., the oldest Class, the Class with the greatest net assets).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart. When a Multiple Class Fund offers more than one Class in the prospectus, provide annual total returns in the bar chart for only one of those Classes. The Fund can select which Class to include (e.g., the oldest Class, the Class with the greatest net assets).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

Return Before Taxes.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph instructions
-Clause 4

This item represents Average Annual Total Returns. If a Multiple Class Fund offers a Class in the prospectus that converts into another Class after a stated period, compute average annual total returns in the table by using the returns of the other Class for the period after conversion.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii
-Clause 1
-Exhibit 2

Return Before Taxes.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii
-Clause 1
-Exhibit 2

Return Before Taxes.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii
-Clause 1
-Exhibit 2

Risk/Return Bar Chart and Table.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2

Multiple Class Funds.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph instructions
-Clause 3

Risk/Return Bar Chart and Table.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

Distribution [and/or Service] (12b-1) Fees" include all distribution or other expenses incurred during the most recent fiscal year under a plan adopted pursuant to rule 12b-1 [17 CFR 270.12b-1]. Under an appropriate caption or a subcaption of "Other Expenses," disclose the amount of any distribution or similar expenses deducted from the Fund's assets other than pursuant to a rule 12b-1 plan.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection table
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 9

Heading for Expense Example.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 4

The Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 1

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then you redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return per year and that the Fund's operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 4

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then you redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return per year and that the Fund's operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 2

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then you redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return per year and that the Fund's operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 2

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then you redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return per year and that the Fund's operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 2

Risk/Return Summary Fee Table Includes the following information, in plain English under rule 421(d) under the Securities Act, after Item 2 Fees and expenses of the Fund This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shared of the Fund. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $[_____] in [name of fund family] funds. Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) Example This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then you redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return per year and that the Fund's operating expenses remained the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be You would pay the following expenses if you did not redeem your shares The Example does not reflect sales charges (loads) on reinvested dividends [and other distributions]. If these sales charges (loads) were included, your costs would be higher. Portfolio Turnover The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover may indicate higher transaction costs. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was __% of the average value of its whole portfolio. Instructions. A.3.instructions.6 New Funds. For purposes of this Item, a "New Fund" is a Fund that does not include in Form N-1A financial statements reporting operating results or that includes financial statements for the Fund's initial fiscal year reporting operating results for a period of 6 months or less. The following Instructions apply to New Funds.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph d

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the tables and examples below. You may qualify for sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $[ ] in [name of fund family] funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your financial intermediary and in [identify section heading and page number] of the Fund's prospectus and [identify section heading and page number] of the Fund's statement of additional information

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph b

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses. If the Fund is a Feeder Fund, reflect the aggregate expenses of the Feeder Fund and the Master Fund in a single fee table using the captions provided. In a footnote to the fee table, state that the table and Example reflect the expenses of both the Feeder and Master Funds. If the prospectus offers more than one Class of a Multiple Class Fund or more than one Feeder Fund that invests in the same Master Fund, provide a separate response for each Class or Feeder Fund. Base the percentages of "Annual Fund Operating Expenses" on amounts incurred during the Fund's most recent fiscal year, but include in expenses amounts that would have been incurred absent expense reimbursement or fee waiver arrangements. If the Fund has changed its fiscal year and, as a result, the most recent fiscal year is less than three months, use the fiscal year prior to the most recent fiscal year as the basis for determining "Annual Fund Operating Expenses."

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph d

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

The Performance Table includes a parenthetical, indicating that the Index "(reflects no deduction for fees, expenses or taxes)". This tag is used when this is reflected in a footnote.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii
-Clause 1
-Exhibit 5

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a bar chart showing the Fund's annual total returns for each of the last 10 calendar years (or for the life of the Fund if less than 10 years), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. Present the corresponding numerical return adjacent to each bar. If the Fund's fiscal year is other than a calendar year, include the year-to-date return information as of the end of the most recent quarter in a footnote to the bar chart. Following the bar chart, disclose the Fund's highest and lowest return for a quarter during the 10 years or other period of the bar chart.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph ii

Management Fees include investment advisory fees (including any fees based on the Fund's performance), any other management fees payable to the investment adviser or its affiliates, and administrative fees payable to the investment adviser or its affiliates that are not included as "Other Expenses."

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph a

Investment Objectives/Goals. Disclose the Fund's investment objectives or goals. A Fund also may identify its type or category (e.g., that it is a Money Market Fund or a balanced fund).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 2
-Subsection a

Investment Objectives/Goals. Disclose the Fund's investment objectives or goals. A Fund also may identify its type or category (e.g., that it is a Money Market Fund or a balanced fund).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 2
-Subsection a

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (ongoing expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection table
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph 7

"Other Expenses" include all expenses not otherwise disclosed in the table that are deducted from the Fund's assets or charged to all shareholder accounts. The amount of expenses deducted from the Fund's assets are the amounts shown as expenses in the Fund's statement of operations (including increases resulting from complying with paragraph 2(g) of rule 6-07 of Regulation S-X [17 CFR 210.6-07]). "Other Expenses" do not include extraordinary expenses as determined under generally accepted accounting principles (see Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 30). If extraordinary expenses were incurred that materially affected the Fund's "Other Expenses," disclose in a footnote to the table what "Other Expenses" would have been had the extraordinary expenses been included.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph c
-Clause i

If applicable, include a statement explaining that updated performance information is available and providing a Web site address and/or toll-free (or collect) telephone number where the updated information may be obtained.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph i

If applicable, include a statement explaining that updated performance information is available and providing a Website address and/or toll-free (or collect) telephone number where the updated information may be obtained.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph i

Include the bar chart and table required by paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this section. Provide a brief explanation of how the information illustrates the variability of the Fund's returns (e.g., by stating that the information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund's performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund's average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance). Provide a statement to the effect that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph i

Risk/Return Bar Chart and Table.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2

Include the bar chart and table required by paragraphs (b)(2)(ii) and (iii) of this section. Provide a brief explanation of how the information illustrates the variability of the Fund's returns (e.g., by stating that the information provides some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing changes in the Fund's performance from year to year and by showing how the Fund's average annual returns for 1, 5, and 10 years compare with those of a broad measure of market performance). Provide a statement to the effect that the Fund's past performance (before and after taxes) is not necessarily an indication of how the Fund will perform in the future.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph i

If the Fund has annual returns for at least one calendar year, provide a table showing the Fund's (A) average annual total return; (B) average annual total return (after taxes on distributions); and (C) average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemption). A Money Market Fund should show only the returns described in clause (A) of the preceding sentence. All returns should be shown for 1-, 5-, and 10- calendar year periods ending on the date of the most recently completed calendar year (or for the life of the Fund, if shorter), but only for periods subsequent to the effective date of the Fund's registration statement. The table also should show the returns of an appropriate broad-based securities market index as defined in Instruction 5 to Item 22(b)(7) for the same periods. A Fund that has been in existence for more than 10 years also may include returns for the life of the Fund. A Money Market Fund may provide the Fund's 7-day yield ending on the date of the most recent calendar year or disclose a toll-free (or collect) telephone number that investors can use to obtain the Fund's current 7-day yield. For a Fund (other than a Money Market Fund or a Fund described in General Instruction C.3.(d)(iii)), provide the information in the following table with the specified captions AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS (For the periods ended December 31, _____)

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii

If average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemption) is higher than average annual total return, the reason for this result may be explained.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iv
-Clause D

This item represents Average Annual Total Returns. If a Multiple Class Fund offers a Class in the prospectus that converts into another Class after a stated period, compute average annual total returns in the table by using the returns of the other Class for the period after conversion.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph instructions
-Clause 3
-Exhibit c

Provide a brief explanation that the actual after-tax returns depend on an investor's tax situation and may differ from those shown, and after-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their Fund shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iv
-Clause B

Provide a brief explanation that after-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph iii

Disclose the portfolio turnover rate provided in response to Item 14(a) for the most recent fiscal year (or for such shorter period as the Fund has been in operation). Disclose the period for which the information is provided if less than a full fiscal year. A Fund that is a Money Market Fund may omit the portfolio turnover information required by this Item.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection instructions
-Paragraph 5

This element represents the rate of portfolio turnover presented as a percentage (SEC Form N-1A 2006-09-14 A.3.example.3 Portfolio Turnover A.3.instructions.5 Portfolio Turnover).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 3

Disclose the portfolio turnover rate provided in response to Item 14(a) for the most recent fiscal year (or for such shorter period as the Fund has been in operation). Disclose the period for which the information is provided if less than a full fiscal year. A Fund that is a Money Market Fund may omit the portfolio turnover information required by this Item.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 3
-Subsection example
-Paragraph 3

Narrative Risk Disclosure.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 1

No definition available.

Risk/Return Summary Investment Objectives/Goals Include the following information, in plain English under rule 421(d) under the Securities Act, in the order and subject matter indicated

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 2

Text block containing a risk heading and narrative for a single risk.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection b
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph i
-Clause instruction

Principal investment strategies of the Fund. Summarize how the Fund intends to achieve its investment objectives by identifying the Fund's principal investment strategies (including the type or types of securities in which the Fund invests or will invest principally) and any policy to concentrate in securities of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection a

Principal investment strategies of the Fund. Summarize how the Fund intends to achieve its investment objectives by identifying the Fund's principal investment strategies (including the type or types of securities in which the Fund invests or will invest principally) and any policy to concentrate in securities of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection a

Principal investment strategies of the Fund. Summarize how the Fund intends to achieve its investment objectives by identifying the Fund's principal investment strategies (including the type or types of securities in which the Fund invests or will invest principally) and any policy to concentrate in securities of issuers in a particular industry or group of industries.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
-Publisher SEC
-Name Form N-1A
-Section 4
-Subsection a