SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	9 Months Ended
May 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES	SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Presentation We conduct business globally and manage our business on a geographic basis. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. As such, the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries; all intercompany activity and balances have been eliminated. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal recurring adjustments, transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods considered necessary to present fairly our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and equity. Reclassifications Asset impairments were included within Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, and were included within Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. We conformed the comparative prior period figures to the current period presentation. During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, Prepaid expenses and other assets, previously included within Other, net, were presented as a separate component of Cash Flows from Operating Activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We conformed the comparative figures for the nine months ended May 31, 2024, to the current period presentation. Use of Estimates The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP required management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates may include income taxes, stock-based compensation, goodwill and intangible assets, business combinations, property, equipment and leasehold improvements ("PPE"), contingencies and impairment assessments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. Concentrations of Credit Risk Credit risk arises from the potential nonperformance by counterparties to fulfill their financial obligations. Our financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in mutual funds, accounts receivable and derivative instruments. The maximum credit exposure of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in mutual funds and accounts receivable is their carrying values as of the balance sheet date. The maximum credit exposure related to our derivative instruments is based upon their respective gross fair values as of the balance sheet date. Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Investments We are exposed to credit risk on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments in mutual funds in the event of default by the financial and governmental institutions with which we transact. We invest in a manner that aligns with our restrictive cash investment practices, preserves capital and provides liquidity, while minimizing our exposure to credit risk. We limit our exposure to credit loss by investing with multiple financial and governmental institutions that we believe are high-quality and credit-worthy. We have not experienced any credit losses relating to our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments in mutual funds. Accounts Receivable Our accounts receivable credit risk is dependent upon the financial stability of our individual clients. As of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, our accounts receivable reserve was $13.9 million and $14.6 million, respectively. We do not require collateral from our clients; however, no single client represented more than 3.5% of our total revenues for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024. Due to our large and geographically dispersed client base, our concentration of credit risk related to our accounts receivable is generally limited. Derivative Instruments Our use of derivative instruments exposes us to credit risk to the extent counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of their agreements. To mitigate credit risk, we limit counterparties to financial institutions we believe are credit-worthy and use several institutions to reduce concentration risk. We do not expect any losses as a result of default by our counterparties. Concentrations of Data Providers We integrate data from various third-party sources into our hosted proprietary data and analytics platform. As certain data sources have a limited number of suppliers, we make every effort to assure that, where reasonable, alternative sources are available. We are not dependent on any individual third-party data supplier to meet the needs of our clients, with only two data suppliers each representing more than 10% of our total data costs for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024. Concentrations of Cloud Providers Our clients rely on us for the delivery of time-sensitive, up-to-date data and applications. Our business is dependent on our ability to process substantial volumes of data and transactions rapidly and efficiently. We currently use multiple providers of cloud services; however, one supplier provided the majority of our cloud computing support for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024. We maintain back-up facilities and other redundancies at our data centers, take security measures and have emergency procedures to minimize the risk that an event will disrupt our operations. Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. This ASU amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("the Codification") to remove references to various FASB Concepts Statements and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance, but in most instances the references removed are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. We early adopted this ASU on a prospective basis as of March 1, 2025. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures. We did not adopt any other new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") during the nine months ended May 31, 2025 that had a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Income Statement - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires disaggregation of certain income statement expense captions into specified categories to be disclosed within the footnotes to the financial statements. This ASU does not change the expense captions on the income statement. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied prospectively, although retrospective application is permitted, and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2028 and interim periods starting in fiscal 2029. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on our disclosures. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Disclosures - The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors In March 2024, the SEC adopted a final rule under SEC Release Nos. 33-11275 and 34-99678, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors, which would require disclosure of certain climate-related information in various filings with the SEC. In April 2024, the SEC stayed implementation of the final rule pending completion of judicial review. In March 2025, the SEC stated that it has ended its defense of the rule. We are currently monitoring the legal challenges and assessing the potential impact of the rule on our disclosures. Income Taxes - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU enhances annual income tax disclosures primarily related to our effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied prospectively, although retrospective application is permitted, and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on our disclosures. Segment Reporting - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU enhances segment disclosures primarily related to significant segment expenses for both interim and annual periods. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied retrospectively and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2025 and interim periods starting in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will result in additional disclosures with no impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements. Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendment in Response to the SEC's Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendment in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU incorporates several disclosure and presentation requirements currently residing in the SEC Regulations S-X and S-K. The amendments will be applied prospectively and are effective when the SEC removes the related requirements from Regulations S-X or S-K. Any amendments the SEC does not remove by June 30, 2027 will not be effective. As we are currently subject to these SEC requirements, this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures. No other new accounting pronouncements issued or effective during the nine months ended May 31, 2025 have had, or are expected to have, a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

We conduct business globally and manage our business on a geographic basis. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. As such, the information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2024. The accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned subsidiaries; all intercompany activity and balances have been eliminated.

In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements include all normal recurring adjustments, transactions or events discretely impacting the interim periods considered necessary to present fairly our results of operations, financial position, cash flows and equity.

Asset impairments were included within Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, and were included within Other, net in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended May 31, 2025. We conformed the comparative prior period figures to the current period presentation.

During the nine months ended May 31, 2025, Prepaid expenses and other assets, previously included within Other, net, were presented as a separate component of Cash Flows from Operating Activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. We conformed the comparative figures for the nine months ended May 31, 2024, to the current period presentation.

The preparation of our Consolidated Financial Statements and related disclosures in conformity with GAAP required management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates may include income taxes, stock-based compensation, goodwill and intangible assets, business combinations, property, equipment and leasehold improvements ("PPE"), contingencies and impairment assessments. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of our assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

Credit risk arises from the potential nonperformance by counterparties to fulfill their financial obligations. Our financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in mutual funds, accounts receivable and derivative instruments. The maximum credit exposure of our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, investments in mutual funds and accounts receivable is their carrying values as of the balance sheet date. The maximum credit exposure related to our derivative instruments is based upon their respective gross fair values as of the balance sheet date.

We are exposed to credit risk on our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments in mutual funds in the event of default by the financial and governmental institutions with which we transact. We invest in a manner that aligns with our restrictive cash investment practices, preserves capital and provides liquidity, while minimizing our exposure to credit risk. We limit our exposure to credit loss by investing with multiple financial and governmental institutions that we believe are high-quality and credit-worthy. We have not experienced any credit losses relating to our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and investments in mutual funds.

Our accounts receivable credit risk is dependent upon the financial stability of our individual clients. As of May 31, 2025 and August 31, 2024, our accounts receivable reserve was $13.9 million and $14.6 million, respectively. We do not require collateral from our clients; however, no single client represented more than 3.5% of our total revenues for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024. Due to our large and geographically dispersed client base, our concentration of credit risk related to our accounts receivable is generally limited.

Our use of derivative instruments exposes us to credit risk to the extent counterparties may be unable to meet the terms of their agreements. To mitigate credit risk, we limit counterparties to financial institutions we believe are credit-worthy and use several institutions to reduce concentration risk. We do not expect any losses as a result of default by our counterparties.

We integrate data from various third-party sources into our hosted proprietary data and analytics platform. As certain data sources have a limited number of suppliers, we make every effort to assure that, where reasonable, alternative sources are available. We are not dependent on any individual third-party data supplier to meet the needs of our clients, with only two data suppliers each representing more than 10% of our total data costs for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024.

Our clients rely on us for the delivery of time-sensitive, up-to-date data and applications. Our business is dependent on our ability to process substantial volumes of data and transactions rapidly and efficiently. We currently use multiple providers of cloud services; however, one supplier provided the majority of our cloud computing support for the nine months ended May 31, 2025 and May 31, 2024. We maintain back-up facilities and other redundancies at our data centers, take security measures and have emergency procedures to minimize the risk that an event will disrupt our operations.

In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-02, Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements. This ASU amends the FASB Accounting Standards Codification ("the Codification") to remove

references to various FASB Concepts Statements and impacts a variety of topics in the Codification. The amendments apply to all reporting entities within the scope of the affected accounting guidance, but in most instances the references removed are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. We early adopted this ASU on a prospective basis as of March 1, 2025. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.

We did not adopt any other new accounting pronouncements issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") during the nine months ended May 31, 2025 that had a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40) - Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires disaggregation of certain income statement expense captions into specified categories to be disclosed within the footnotes to the financial statements. This ASU does not change the expense captions on the income statement. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied prospectively, although retrospective application is permitted, and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2028 and interim periods starting in fiscal 2029. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on our disclosures.

In March 2024, the SEC adopted a final rule under SEC Release Nos. 33-11275 and 34-99678, The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors, which would require disclosure of certain climate-related information in various filings with the SEC. In April 2024, the SEC stayed implementation of the final rule pending completion of judicial review. In March 2025, the SEC stated that it has ended its defense of the rule. We are currently monitoring the legal challenges and assessing the potential impact of the rule on our disclosures.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU enhances annual income tax disclosures primarily related to our effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied prospectively, although retrospective application is permitted, and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements. We are currently assessing the impact of the new requirements on our disclosures.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU enhances segment disclosures primarily related to significant segment expenses for both interim and annual periods. The amendments in this ASU are to be applied retrospectively and are effective for our annual financial statements starting in fiscal 2025 and interim periods starting in fiscal 2026. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU will result in additional disclosures with no impact to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-06, Disclosure Improvements - Codification Amendment in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative. The ASU incorporates several disclosure and presentation requirements currently residing in the SEC Regulations S-X and S-K. The amendments will be applied prospectively and are effective when the SEC removes the related requirements from Regulations S-X or S-K. Any amendments the SEC does not remove by June 30, 2027 will not be effective. As we are currently subject to these SEC requirements, this ASU is not expected to have a material impact on our Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures.