N-2 |
Jul. 28, 2025
USD ($)
shares
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| Cover [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Central Index Key | 0001944664 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Amendment Flag | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Inv Company Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities Act File Number | 333-267402 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Act File Number | 811-23826 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Type | N-2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Document Registration Statement | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Effective Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Post-Effective Amendment Number | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Act Registration | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Registration Amendment | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Company Registration Amendment Number | 6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Registrant Name | NOMURA ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Address Line One | c/o Ultimus Fund Solutions, LLC | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Address Line Two | P.O. Box 541150 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, City or Town | Omaha | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, State or Province | NE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 68154 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| City Area Code | 212 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Local Phone Number | 667-9000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximate Date of Commencement of Proposed Sale to Public | As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dividend or Interest Reinvestment Plan Only | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Delayed or Continuous Offering | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Shelf [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective Upon Filing, 462(e) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Securities Effective, 413(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective when Declared, Section 8(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective upon Filing, 486(b) | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective on Set Date, 486(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Effective after 60 Days, 486(a) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New Effective Date for Previous Filing | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional Securities. 462(b) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| No Substantive Changes, 462(c) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Exhibits Only, 462(d) | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Registered Closed-End Fund [Flag] | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Business Development Company [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interval Fund [Flag] | true | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Shelf Qualified [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer | No | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Emerging Growth Company | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| New CEF or BDC Registrant [Flag] | false | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shareholder Transaction Expenses [Table Text Block] |
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| Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual Expenses [Table Text Block] |
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| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example [Table Text Block] |
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| Management Fee not based on Net Assets, Note [Text Block] | Management Fees include the Investment Management Fee paid to Nomura Capital Management LLC (the Investment Manager or NCM) at an annual rate of 0.95%, accrued daily and payable monthly in arrears based upon the Funds average daily net assets. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, Note [Text Block] | The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses disclosed above are based on the expense ratios for the most current fiscal year of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund anticipates investing, which may change substantially over time and, therefore, significantly affect Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses. Some of the Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest charge incentive fees based on the Underlying Funds performance. The 0.84% shown as Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses reflects estimated operating expenses of the Underlying Funds and transaction-related fees. Certain Underlying Funds in which the Fund intends to invest generally charge a management fee of 0.07% to 1.75% and up to a 20% incentive fee on income and/or capital gains, which are included in Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses, as applicable. The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses disclosed above, however, do not reflect any performance-based fees or allocations paid by the Underlying Funds that are calculated solely on the realization and/or distribution of gains, or on the sum of such gains and unrealized appreciation of assets distributed in-kind, as such fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Underlying Funds. Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses are borne indirectly by the Fund, but they will not be reflected in the Funds financial statements; and the information presented in the table will differ from that presented in the Funds financial highlights. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Total Annual Expenses, Note [Text Block] | The Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses disclosed above, however, do not reflect any performance-based fees or allocations paid by the Underlying Funds that are calculated solely on the realization and/or distribution of gains, or on the sum of such gains and unrealized appreciation of assets distributed in-kind, as such fees and allocations for a particular period may be unrelated to the cost of investing in the Underlying Funds. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Objectives and Practices [Text Block] | INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES
Investment Objectives
The primary investment objective of the Fund is to maximize risk-adjusted total return, and the Fund will seek to provide current income as a secondary investment objective. There can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objectives.
Except as otherwise indicated, the Fund may change its investment objectives and any of its investment policies, restrictions, strategies, and techniques without Shareholder approval. The investment objectives of the Fund are not a fundamental policy of the Fund and may be changed by the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the Board and the members thereof, Trustees) without the vote of a majority (as defined by the Investment Company Act) of the Funds outstanding Shares.
Investment Strategies and Overview of Investment Process
Under normal market conditions, the Fund seeks to achieve its investment objectives by investing at least a majority of its assets (net assets, plus any borrowings for investment purposes) either directly or indirectly through mutual funds (including money market funds), business development companies (BDCs), closed-end funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and other registered and private investment companies (collectively, Underlying Funds) across a wide array of global public and private credit markets, with allocations primarily focused on the private corporate, real estate, consumer, asset based, and specialty lending markets. Allocations also may be made to small and middle-market companies and to other markets that include publicly traded equity, emerging market debt and municipal credit markets.
A flexible asset allocation strategy will be employed to maximize risk-adjusted returns and current income subject to the Investment Managers assessment of market opportunity. Across the markets in public and private credit, the types of instruments employed will include, among other things, investments in limited partnerships; fixed-, variable- and floating-rate bonds; loans, including subordinated loans, unsecured loans, covenant-lite loans, loans with a payment-in-kind interest component and direct loans which typically consist of intermediate- to long-term borrowings by companies that are originated directly by lenders without the traditional intermediary role of a bank or broker; convertible securities; secured and unsecured debt securities and stressed, distressed and defaulted debt securities issued by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) corporations or other business entities, including emerging market issuers, mortgage-related and other consumer-related instruments (fixed and floating coupon bonds and loans), collateralized debt obligations, including, collateralized loan obligations, government and sovereign debt, municipal bonds and other fixed-, variable- and floating-rate income-producing securities of U.S. and foreign issuers, including emerging market issuers. The Fund may purchase securities denominated in U.S. or foreign currencies, and the Investment Manager may hedge any foreign currency exposure through the use of currency-related derivatives.
The Investment Manager employs an active allocation approach across several markets using a process which is informed by market conditions, valuation assessments, economic outlook, credit market trends and other economic factors, and at times other factors that have become relevant in an episodic manner (e.g., geopolitical developments, environmental events such as natural disaster and/or pandemic, etc.). The Fund may focus its investment strategy on, and its portfolio of investments may be focused in, a subset of one or more of these credit markets.
It is expected that the Fund normally will have a short to intermediate average portfolio duration (i.e., within a zero to ten year range), as calculated by the Investment Manager, although it may be shorter or longer at any time or from time to time depending on market conditions and other factors. In comparison to maturity (which is the date on which a debt instrument ceases, and the issuer is obligated to repay the principal amount), duration is a measure of the price volatility of a debt instrument as a result of changes in market rates of interest, based on the weighted average timing of the instruments expected principal and interest payments. Duration differs from maturity in that it considers a securitys yield, coupon payments, principal payments and call features in addition to the amount of time until the security finally matures. As the value of a security changes over time, so will its duration. Prices of securities with longer durations tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than securities with shorter durations. In general, a portfolio of securities with a longer duration can be expected to be more sensitive to interest rate changes than a portfolio with a shorter duration. The Investment Manager does not target any specific allocation to investment grade debt securities or below investment grade debt securities (commonly referred to as high yield securities or junk bonds), including securities of stressed and distressed issuers. Below investment grade securities are securities rated below BBB- by S&P Global Ratings or Fitch, Inc., or below Baa3 by Moodys Investor Service, or comparably rated by another nationally recognized statistical ratings organization (NRSRO) or, if unrated, determined by the Investment Manager to be of comparable credit quality at the time of purchase.
The Fund may enter into derivatives transactions, including options, swaps, futures contracts, forward agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. Derivatives may be used for hedging purposes and non-hedging (or speculative) purposes.
To the extent consistent with the applicable liquidity requirements for interval funds under Rule 23c-3 of the Investment Company Act, the Fund may invest without limit in illiquid investments.
Other Information Regarding Investment Strategy
The Fund may, from time to time, take temporary defensive positions that are inconsistent with the Funds principal investment strategy in attempting to respond to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During such times, the Investment Manager may determine that a large portion of the Funds assets should be invested in cash or cash equivalents, including money market instruments, prime commercial paper, repurchase agreements, municipal bonds, bank accounts, Treasury bills and other short-term obligations of the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities and other high-quality debt instruments maturing in one year or less from the time of investment. In these and in other cases, the Fund may not achieve its investment objective. The Investment Manager may invest the Funds cash balances in any investments it deems appropriate.
The frequency and amount of portfolio purchases and sales (known as the portfolio turnover rate) may vary from year to year and will not be a limiting factor when the Investment Manager deems portfolio changes appropriate. The Fund may engage in short-term trading strategies, and securities may be sold without regard to the length of time held when, in the opinion of the Investment Manager, investment considerations warrant such action. These policies may have the effect of increasing the annual rate of portfolio turnover of the Fund. |
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| Risk Factors [Table Text Block] | PRINCIPAL RISK FACTORS
All investments carry risks to some degree. The Fund cannot guarantee that its investment objective will be achieved or that its strategy of investing in the Fund will be successful, and its NAV may decrease. An investment in the Fund involves substantial risks, including the risk that the entire amount invested may be lost.
General Risks
DEPENDENCE ON THE INVESTMENT MANAGER. The success of the Fund depends upon the ability of the Investment Manager to develop and implement investment strategies that achieve the investment objective of the Fund. Additionally, the success of the Fund, in part, depends on the ability of investment advisers to the Underlying Funds to develop and implement strategies that achieve their own investment objectives. Shareholders will have no right or power to participate in the management or control of the Fund.
MANAGEMENT RISK. The NAV of the Fund changes daily based on the performance of the securities in which it invests. The Investment Managers judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular sector and securities or the financial performance of portfolio companies in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results.
NON-DIVERSIFIED STATUS. The Fund is a non-diversified management investment company. Thus, there are no percentage limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act on the Funds assets that may be invested, directly or indirectly, in the securities of any one issuer. Consequently, if one or more securities are allocated a relatively large percentage of the Funds assets, losses suffered by such securities could result in a higher reduction in the Funds capital than if such capital had been more proportionately allocated among a larger number of securities. The Fund may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. The Fund intends to satisfy the diversification requirements necessary to qualify as a RIC under the Code. See Taxes - Taxation of the Fund.
REPURCHASE OFFERS; LIMITED LIQUIDITY. The Fund is a closed-end investment company structured as an interval fund and, as such, has adopted a fundamental policy to make quarterly repurchase offers, at per-class NAV, of not less than 5% and not more than 25% of the Funds outstanding Shares on the repurchase request deadline, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act. The Fund will offer to purchase only a small portion of its Shares each quarter, and there is no guarantee that Shareholders will be able to sell all of the Shares that they desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for proration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they wish to have repurchased or result in investors being unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment during the particular repurchase offer.
Shares in the Fund provide limited liquidity since Shareholders will not be able to redeem Shares on a daily basis. A Shareholder may not be able to tender its Shares in the Fund promptly after it has made a decision to do so. In addition, with very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity will be provided only through repurchase offers made quarterly by the Fund. Shares in the Fund are therefore suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment.
Repurchase offers generally are funded from available cash (including, if necessary, offering proceeds) or sales of portfolio investments but may be funded with borrowings. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio and portfolio turnover. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Funds investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases, without offsetting new sales, may result in untimely sales of portfolio investments and a higher expense ratio, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. The sale of securities to fund repurchases could reduce the market price of those securities, which in turn would reduce the Funds NAV. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income.
In addition, to the extent the Fund sells portfolio holdings in order to fund repurchase requests, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event for the Shareholders of repurchased Shares, and potentially even for Shareholders that do not participate in the repurchase offer. Repurchase offers, if funded from offering proceeds, may constitute a return of capital for Federal income tax purposes. Any capital returned to Shareholders through the repurchase of Shares will be distributed after payment of Fund fees and expenses. See Taxes - Taxation of the Fund - Distribution to Shareholders.
Notices of each repurchase offer are sent to shareholders at least 21 days before the Repurchase Request Deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders must tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer). The Fund determines the NAV applicable to repurchases no later than the fourteen (14) days after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day, if the 14th day is not a business day) (the Repurchase Pricing Date). The Fund expects to distribute payment to Shareholders between one and three business days after the Repurchase Pricing Date and will distribute payment no later than seven (7) calendar days after such date. If a Shareholder tenders all of its Shares (or a portion of its Shares) in connection with a repurchase offer made by the Fund, that tender may not be rescinded by the Shareholder after the Repurchase Request Deadline. Because the NAV applicable to a repurchase is calculated 14 days after the Repurchase Request Deadline, a Shareholder will not know its repurchase price until after it has irrevocably tendered its Shares. See Offers to Repurchase/Repurchase Procedures. Shareholders may be subject to market risk in relation to the tender of their Shares for repurchase because like other market investments, the value of the Shares may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, between the date a repurchase offer terminates and the repurchase date. Likewise, because the Funds investments may include securities denominated in foreign currencies, changes in currency values between the date a repurchase offer terminates and the repurchase date may also adversely affect the value of the Shares.
In certain circumstances, the Board may require a Shareholder to tender its Shares if, among other reasons, the Board determines that continued ownership of such Shares by the Shareholder may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal consequences, or would otherwise be in the best interests of the Fund.
LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY. The Fund is a recently organized closed-end management investment company that has limited operating history and no public trading of its Shares. The Fund is designed primarily as a long-term investment vehicle and not as a trading tool. An investment in the Shares should not constitute a complete investment program for any investor and involves a high degree of risk. Due to the uncertainty in all investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The value of the Shares could decline substantially and cause you to lose some or all of your investment.
MINIMAL CAPITALIZATION. The Fund is not obligated to raise any specific amount of capital. There is a risk that the amount of capital actually raised by the Fund through the offering of its Shares may be insufficient to achieve profitability or allow the Fund to realize its investment objective. An inability to raise additional capital may adversely affect the Funds financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as its compliance with regulatory requirements. Further, if the Fund is unable to raise sufficient capital, Shareholders may bear higher expenses due to a lack of economies of scale.
Investment-Related Risks
General Investment-Related Risks
MARKET RISK. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund also represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund, including an indirect investment in any Underlying Funds. The value of the Fund or an Underlying Fund, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of your Shares at any point in time may be worth less than the value of your original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, the financial health of individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. Although vaccines for COVID-19 are widely available, it is unknown how long certain circumstances related to the pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect the Funds or an Underlying Funds performance.
The Fund and the Investment Manager have in place business continuity plans reasonably designed to ensure that they maintain normal business operations, and that the Fund, its portfolio and assets are protected. However, in the event of a pandemic or an outbreak, such as COVID-19, there can be no assurance that the Fund, its advisers and service providers, or the Funds portfolio companies, will be able to maintain normal business operations for an extended period of time or will not lose the services of key personnel on a temporary or long-term basis due to illness or other reasons. A pandemic or disease could also impair the information technology and other operational systems upon which the Funds advisers rely and could otherwise disrupt the ability of the Funds service providers to perform essential tasks.
Additionally, climate change poses long-term threats to physical and biological systems. Potential hazards and risks related to climate change include, among other things, wildfires, rising sea levels, more severe coastal flooding and erosion hazards, and more intense storms. Storms in recent years have demonstrated vulnerabilities in infrastructure to extreme weather events. Climate change risks, if they materialize, can adversely impact financial plans in current or future years. In addition, economists and others have expressed increasing concern about the potential effects of global climate change on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a climate-driven increase in sea levels or flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may not ever recover their value. Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate businesses and entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire. Regulatory changes and divestment movements tied to concerns about climate change could adversely affect the value of certain land and the viability of industries whose activities or products are seen as accelerating climate change. The Fund cannot predict the effects of or likelihood of such events on the U.S. and world economies. The Fund could be materially impacted by such events which may, in turn, negatively affect the value and performance the Fund.
Advancements in technology may also adversely impact markets and the overall performance of the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial intelligence (AI). As the use of technology grows, liquidity and market movements may be affected. As AI is used more widely, the profitability and growth of Fund holdings may be impacted, which could significantly impact the overall performance of the Fund.
GENERAL ECONOMIC AND MARKET CONDITIONS. The success of the Funds investment program may be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation/deflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws or governmental policies, including trade policies, treaties and tariffs, and national and international political circumstances. These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices, and the liquidity of investments held by the Fund. Unexpected volatility or illiquidity could impair the Funds profitability or result in losses.
The United Kingdom (UK) left the European Union (EU) on January 31, 2020, and a transition period during which the UK and EU negotiated terms of departure ended on December 31, 2020. The departure is commonly referred to as Brexit. The UK and EU reached an agreement, effective January 1, 2021, on the terms of their future trading relationship, which principally relates to the trading of goods. In March 2021, the UK and EU put in place a regulatory dialogue on financial systems based on a separate memorandum of understanding. Brexit may have significant political and financial consequences for the Eurozone markets and broader global economy, including greater volatility in the global stock markets and illiquidity, fluctuations in currency and exchange rates, and an increased likelihood of a recession in the UK. Securities issued by companies domiciled in the UK could be subject to changing regulatory and tax regimes. Banking and financial services companies that operate in the UK or EU could be disproportionately impacted by these actions. Further insecurity in EU membership or the abandonment of the euro could exacerbate market and currency volatility and negatively impact investments in securities issued by companies located in EU countries. Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets. As a result, markets in the UK, Europe and globally could experience increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth which in return could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Funds investments. Market disruption in the EU and globally may have a negative effect on the value of the Funds investments. Additionally, there could be additional risks if one or more additional EU member states seek to leave the EU.
International war or conflicts (including the war between Russia and Ukraine and conflict between Israel, Iran and the Axis of Resistance) and geopolitical events in foreign countries, along with instability in regions such as Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States or around the world, and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets. As a result, whether or not the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests in securities located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Funds or an Underlying Funds investments may be negatively impacted. Further, due to closures of certain markets and restrictions on trading certain securities, the value of certain securities held by the Fund, or an Underlying Fund, could be significantly impacted.
The impairment or failure of one or more banks with whom the Fund transacts may inhibit the Funds or an Underlying Funds ability to access depository accounts. In such cases, the Fund or an Underlying Fund may be forced to delay or forgo investments, resulting in lower Fund performance. In the event of such a failure of a banking institution where the Fund or an Underlying Fund or other Fund investment holds depository accounts, access to such accounts could be restricted and U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) protection may not be available for balances in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC. In such instances, the Fund, an Underlying Fund or other Fund investment may not recover such excess, uninsured amounts.
Recently, the United States has enacted or proposed to enact significant new tariffs, and various federal agencies have been directed to further evaluate key aspects of U.S. trade policy, which could potentially lead to significant changes to current policies, treaties, and tariffs. There continues to exist significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and other countries with respect to such trade policies, treaties and tariffs. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global trade, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S.; global financial markets stability; and global economic conditions.
ECONOMIC RECESSION OR DOWNTURN RISK. Many of the Funds investments may be issued by companies susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions. Therefore, the Funds non-performing assets are likely to increase, and the value of its portfolio is likely to decrease, during these periods. A prolonged recession may result in losses of value in the Funds portfolio and a decrease in the Funds revenues, net income and NAV. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase the Funds funding costs, limit the Funds access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to it on terms it deems acceptable. These events could prevent the Fund from increasing investments and harm the Funds operating results.
COMPETITION FOR ASSETS RISK. The current lending market in which the Fund participates is competitive and rapidly changing. The Fund may face increasing competition for access to corporate loans and especially direct loans as the lending industry continues to evolve. The Fund may face competition from other institutional lenders such as pooled investment vehicles and commercial banks that are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and other resources than the Fund. These potential competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than the Fund, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments than the Fund and establish relationships with direct lending managers. A direct lending manager may have similar arrangements with other parties, thereby reducing the potential investments of the Fund through such manager. There can be no assurance that the competitive pressures the Fund may face will not erode the Funds ability to deploy capital. If the Fund is limited in its ability to invest in corporate and/or direct loans, it may be forced to invest in cash, cash equivalents or other assets that may result in lower returns than otherwise may be available through investments in corporate and direct loans. If the Funds access to corporate and/or direct loans is limited, it would also be subject to increased concentration and counterparty risk.
The commercial lending business is highly competitive. Without a sufficient number of new qualified loan requests, there can be no assurances that the Fund will be able to compete effectively for corporate and direct loans with other market participants. General economic factors and market conditions, including the general interest rate environment, unemployment rates, and perceived consumer demand may affect borrower willingness to seek corporate and/or direct loans and investor ability and desire to invest in such loans.
SOURCING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RISK. On an ongoing basis, it cannot be certain that the Investment Manager will be able to continue to locate a sufficient number of suitable investment opportunities to allow the Fund to fully implement its investment strategy. In addition, privately negotiated investments in loans and illiquid securities of private middle-market companies require substantial due diligence and structuring, and the Fund may not be able to achieve its anticipated investment pace. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in the Fund. To the extent the Fund is unable to deploy its capital, its investment income and, in turn, the results of its operations, will likely be materially adversely affected.
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL RISK. The Investment Manager may be dependent upon the experience and expertise of certain key personnel in providing services with respect to the Funds investments. If the Investment Manager were to lose the services of these individuals, its ability to service the Fund could be adversely affected. As with any managed fund, the Investment Manager may not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities or investment techniques for the Funds portfolio, and the Funds performance may lag behind that of similar funds. The Investment Manager has informed the Fund that its investment professionals are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Funds business and affairs. In addition, individuals not currently associated with the Investment Manager may become associated with the Fund, and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. RISKS OF SECURITIES ACTIVITIES. The Fund will invest and trade in a variety of different securities and utilize a variety of investment instruments and techniques. Each security and each instrument and technique involves the risk of loss of capital. While the Investment Manager attempts to moderate these risks, there can be no assurance that the Funds investment activities will be successful or that the Shareholders will not suffer losses.
COUNTERPARTY RISK. Many of the markets in which the Fund effects its transactions are over the counter or inter-dealer markets. The participants in these markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange based markets. To the extent the Fund invests in swaps, derivative or synthetic instruments, or other over the counter transactions, on these markets, the Fund is assuming a credit risk with regard to parties with whom it trades and may also bear the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from those associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily marking to market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. This exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Such counterparty risk is accentuated in the case of contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Fund is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating its investments with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any independent evaluation of such counterparties financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund.
Investment Strategy-Specific Investment-Related Risks
In addition to the risks generally described in this Prospectus, the following are the specific material risks of the investment strategy:
BORROWING; USE OF LEVERAGE. The Fund may leverage its investments by borrowing. The use of leverage increases both risk of loss and profit potential. The Fund is subject to the Investment Company Act requirement that an investment company satisfy an asset coverage requirement of 300% of its indebtedness, including amounts borrowed measured at the time the investment company incurs the indebtedness. This means that at any given time the value of the Funds total indebtedness may not exceed one-third the value of its total assets (including such indebtedness). The Fund may be required to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms if market fluctuations or other factors reduce the Funds asset coverage to less than the prescribed amount. The interests of persons with whom the Fund enters into leverage arrangements will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of the Shareholders and such persons will have claims on the Funds assets that are senior to those of the Shareholders. In addition to the risks created by the Funds use of leverage, the Fund is subject to the additional risk that it would be unable to timely, or at all, obtain leverage borrowing. The Fund might also be required to de-leverage, selling securities at a potentially inopportune time and incurring tax consequences. Further, the Funds ability to generate income from the use of leverage would be adversely affected.
DEBT SECURITIES. Under normal market conditions, the Fund expects to primarily invest directly or indirectly in debt and debt-related securities. One of the fundamental risks associated with such investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. Adverse changes in the financial condition of an issuer or in general economic conditions (or both) may impair the ability of such issuer to make such payments and result in defaults on, and declines in, the value of its debt. The Funds return to Shareholders would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt securities in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due. Other risk factors include interest rate risk (a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment, possibly causing the Funds share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments.
SECURED DEBT. Secured debt holds the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower. Secured debt in most circumstances is fully collateralized by assets of the borrower. Thus, it is generally repaid before unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, subordinated debt, trade creditors, and preferred or common stockholders. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Funds loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the borrower to raise additional capital. Also, substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan defaults as borrowers may lack resources to meet higher debt service requirements. In some circumstances, the Funds security interest could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, any deterioration in a borrowers financial condition and prospects, including any inability on its part to raise additional capital, may result in the deterioration in the value of the related collateral. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the investment terms or at all, or that the Fund will be able to collect on the investment should the Fund be forced to enforce its remedies. Moreover, the security for the Funds investments in secured debt may not be recognized for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders, trustees or other responsible parties and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated.
Secured debt usually includes restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund may have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans, including delayed draw term loans and revolving facilities, upon demand by the borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, while having a stated term, may be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments may be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a senior loan to be shorter than its stated maturity.
Secured debt typically will be secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund may invest in secured debt that is secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral may decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund.
MEZZANINE DEBT. A portion of the Funds debt investments may be made in certain high yield securities known as mezzanine investments, which are subordinated debt securities that may be issued together with an equity security (e.g., with attached warrants). Those mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Mezzanine investments can be unsecured and generally subordinate to other obligations of the issuer. The expected average life of the Funds mezzanine investments may be significantly shorter than the maturity of these investments due to prepayment rights. Mezzanine investments share all of the risks of other high yield securities and are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. Because investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with the lower-rated securities, the yields and prices of those securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher-rated securities. The Fund does not anticipate a market for its mezzanine investments, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions about lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may be a contributing factor in a decrease in the value and liquidity of those lower-rated securities. Mezzanine securities are often even more subordinated than other high yield debt, as they often represent the most junior debt security in an issuers capital structure.
INTEREST RATE RISK. The Fund is subject to the risks of changes in interest rates. The value of fixed rate loans is susceptible to general changes in interest rates. A decline in interest rates could reduce the amount of current income the Fund is able to achieve from interest on fixed-income securities and convertible debt. An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of any fixed-income securities and convertible securities owned by the Fund. To the extent that the cash flow from a fixed-income security is known in advance, the present value (i.e., discounted value) of that cash flow decreases as interest rates increase; to the extent that the cash flow is contingent, the dollar value of the payment may be linked to then prevailing interest rates. Moreover, the value of many fixed-income securities depends on the shape of the yield curve, not just on a single interest rate. Thus, for example, a callable cash flow, the coupons of which depend on a short term rate, may shorten (i.e., be called away) if the long rate decreases. In this way, such securities are exposed to the difference between long rates and short rates.
Duration is useful primarily as a measure of the sensitivity of a fixed-income securitys market price to interest rate (i.e., yield) movements. All other things remaining equal, for each one percentage point increase in interest rates, the value of a portfolio of fixed-income investments would generally be expected to decline by one percent for every year of the portfolios average duration above zero. For example, the value of a portfolio of fixed-income securities with an average duration of eight years would generally be expected to decline by approximately 8% if interest rates rose by one percentage point.
The risks associated with changing interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given that interest rates in the United States and many other countries have fluctuated in recent periods and may continue to change in the foreseeable future. To the extent the Fund or an Underlying Fund borrows money to finance its investments, the Funds or an Underlying Funds performance will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which it borrows funds and the rate at which it invests those funds. In periods of rising interest rates, the Funds cost of funds could increase. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Funds or an Underlying Funds financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, a decline in the prices of the debt the Fund or an Underlying Fund owns could adversely affect the Funds NAV. Changes in market interest rates could also affect the ability of operating companies in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests to service debt, which could materially impact the Fund or an Underlying Fund in which the Fund may invest, thus impacting the Fund.
Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Shares.
EQUITY INVESTMENTS. Stock markets are volatile, and the prices of equity securities fluctuate based on changes in a companys financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. Equity securities typically have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. The market price of equity securities may go down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally, particular industries represented by those markets, or factors related to a specific company, such as decisions made by its management.
When the Fund invests in loans and debt securities, the Fund may acquire warrants, or other equity securities of borrowers as well. The Fund may also invest in warrants, rights and equity securities directly. The Fund may not be able to realize gains from any dispositions of equity interests, and any gains that the Fund does realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses the Fund experiences.
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. Warrants may be considered to have more speculative characteristics than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date, if any.
The potential exercise price of warrants or rights may exceed their market price, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of the common stock declines.
The risks typically associated with warrants and rights include convertible securities risk, counterparty risk, credit risk and market risk.
INFLATION/DEFLATION RISK. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Funds investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Funds portfolio could decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio.
EXTENSION RISK. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of long-term, fixed rate securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value.
PREPAYMENT RISK. When interest rates decline, fixed-income securities with stated interest rates may have their principal paid earlier than expected. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates, which can reduce the returns of the Fund.
DEFAULT RISK. The ability of the Fund to generate income through its loan investments is dependent upon payments being made by the borrower underlying such loan investments. If a borrower is unable to make its payments on a loan, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal and interest under such loan.
A portion of the loans in which the Fund may invest in will not be secured by any collateral, will not be guaranteed or insured by a third party and will not be backed by any governmental authority. The Fund may need to rely on the collection efforts of third parties, which also may be limited in their ability to collect on defaulted loans. The Fund may not have direct recourse against borrowers, may not be able to contact a borrower about a loan and may not be able to pursue borrowers to collect payment under loans. To the extent a loan is secured, there can be no assurance as to the amount of any funds that may be realized from recovering and liquidating any collateral or the timing of such recovery and liquidation and hence there is no assurance that sufficient funds (or, possibly, any funds) will be available to offset any payment defaults that occur under the loans. Loans are credit obligations of the borrowers, and the terms of certain loans may not restrict the borrowers from incurring additional debt. If a borrower incurs additional debt after obtaining a loan through a platform, the additional debt may adversely affect the borrowers creditworthiness generally, and could result in the financial distress, insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower. This circumstance would ultimately impair the ability of that borrower to make payments on its loans and the Funds ability to receive the principal and interest payments that it expects to receive on such loan. To the extent borrowers incur other indebtedness that is secured, the ability of the secured creditors to exercise remedies against the assets of that borrower may impair the borrowers ability to repay its loans, or it may impair a third partys ability to collect, on behalf of the Fund, on the loan upon default. To the extent that a loan is unsecured, borrowers may choose to repay obligations under other indebtedness (such as loans obtained from traditional lending sources) before repaying an unsecured loan because the borrowers have no collateral at risk. The Fund will not be made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured.
If a borrower files for bankruptcy, any pending collection actions will automatically be put on hold and further collection action will not be permitted absent court approval. It is possible that a borrowers liability on its loan will be discharged in bankruptcy. In most cases involving the bankruptcy of a borrower with an unsecured loan, unsecured creditors will receive only a fraction of any amount outstanding on the loan, if anything.
REINVESTMENT RISK. Income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels, NAV and/or overall return of the Shares.
HIGH YIELD DEBT. The Fund may invest in high yield debt. A substantial portion of the high yield debt in which the Fund intends to invest may be rated below investment-grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or are unrated but of comparable credit quality to obligations rated below investment-grade and have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated debt obligations. Lower-rated securities may include securities that have the lowest rating or are in default. High yield debt is generally unsecured and may be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. The lower rating of high yield debt reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including, for example, a substantial period of rising interest rates or declining earnings) or both may impair the ability of the obligor to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be in poor financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth or be facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. High yield debt may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and individual corporate developments than would investment grade debt securities. Certain of these securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore, it may be difficult to accurately value certain portfolio securities and to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. Overall declines in the below investment-grade bond and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their debt at maturity. High yield debt is often less liquid than higher rated securities. Because investment in high yield debt involves greater investment risk, achievement of the Funds investment objectives will be more dependent on the relevant Investment Managers analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality debt securities.
High yield debt is often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. High yield debt has historically experienced greater default rates than has been the case for investment-grade securities. The Fund may also invest in equity securities issued by entities with unrated or below investment-grade debt.
High yield debt may also be in the form of zero-coupon or deferred interest bonds, which are bonds that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. While zero-coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest, deferred interest bonds generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. Such investments experience greater volatility in market value due to changes in the interest rates than bonds that provide for regular payments of interest.
Investing in lower-rated securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in higher-rated fixed-income securities, including a high degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers/issues of lower-rated securities may be more complex than for issuers/issues of higher quality debt securities. Securities that are in the lowest rating category are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default and/or to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The secondary markets on which lower-rated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the value of the Funds portfolio. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated securities, especially in a thinly traded market.
The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating lower-rated securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower-rated securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was rated, thus an issuers current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade.
SPECIALTY FINANCE AND OTHER FINANCIAL COMPANIES RISK. The profitability of specialty finance and other financial companies is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of capital funds and may fluctuate significantly in response to changes in interest rates, as well as changes in general economic conditions. Any impediments to a specialty finance or other financial companys access to capital markets, such as those caused by general economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of the companys financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect such companys business. From time to time, severe competition may also affect the profitability of specialty finance and other financial companies. Specialty finance and other financial companies are subject to rapid business changes, significant competition, value fluctuations due to the concentration of loans in particular industries significantly affected by economic conditions (such as real estate or energy) and volatile performance based upon the availability and cost of capital and prevailing interest rates. In addition, credit and other losses resulting from the financial difficulties of borrowers or other third parties potentially may have an adverse effect on companies in these industries. Credit losses or mergers, acquisitions, or bankruptcies of financial firms could make it difficult for specialty finance and other financial companies to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, which would seriously affect the profitability of such firms. Furthermore, accounting rule changes, including with respect to the standards regarding the valuation of assets, consolidation in the financial industry and additional volatility in the stock market have the potential to significantly impact specialty finance companies as well.
Specialty finance and other financial companies in general are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which may change frequently. Regulatory changes could cause business disruptions or result in significant loss of revenue to companies in which the Fund invests, and there can be no assurance as to the actual impact that these laws and their regulations will have on the financial markets and the Funds investments in specialty finance and other financial companies. Specialty finance and other financial companies in a given country may be subject to greater governmental regulation than many other industries, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approval may have a material effect on the services offered by companies in the financial services industry. Governmental regulation may limit both the financial commitments banks can make, including the amounts and types of loans, and the interest rates and fees they can charge. In addition, governmental regulation in certain foreign countries may impose interest rate controls, credit controls and price controls.
Under current regulations of the SEC, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any company that derives more than 15% of its gross revenues from securities brokerage, underwriting or investment management activities. In addition, the Fund may not acquire more than 5% of the outstanding equity securities, or more than 10% of the outstanding principal amount of debt securities, of any such company. This may limit the Funds ability to invest in certain specialty finance and other financial companies.
DISTRESSED SECURITIES. Certain of the companies in whose securities the Fund may invest may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. The characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Such investments can result in significant or even total losses. In addition, the markets for distressed investment assets are frequently illiquid. Also, among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. The Investment Managers judgments about the credit quality of a financially distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.
In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. Consequently, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when, and in what manner, and for what value obligations evidenced by securities of financially distressed issuers will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the issuers assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization, or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). In certain transactions, the Fund may not be hedged against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed transaction is consummated.
VALUATION RISK. Unlike publicly traded common stock which trades on national exchanges, there is no central place or exchange for most of the Funds investments to trade. Due to the lack of centralized information and trading, the valuation of loans or fixed-income instruments may result in more risk than that of common stock. Uncertainties in the conditions of the financial market, unreliable reference data, lack of transparency and inconsistency of valuation models and processes may lead to inaccurate asset pricing. In addition, other market participants may value securities differently than the Fund. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk that when an instrument is sold in the market, the amount received by the Fund is less than the value of such loans or fixed-income instruments carried on the Funds books.
Shareholders should recognize that valuations of illiquid assets involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. As a result, the NAV of the Fund, as determined based on the fair value of its investments, may vary from the amount ultimately received by the Fund from its investments. This could adversely affect Shareholders whose Shares are repurchased as well as new Shareholders and remaining Shareholders. For example, in certain cases, the Fund might receive less than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a dilution of the value of the Shares of Shareholders who do not tender their Shares in any coincident repurchase offer and a windfall to tendering Shareholders; in other cases, the Fund might receive more than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a windfall to Shareholders remaining in the Fund, but a shortfall to tendering Shareholders.
There may not exist readily available market quotations for certain of the Funds investments including, in particular, the Underlying Funds. The most relevant information may often be provided by the issuer of such investments, which information could be extremely limited and outdated, and it may be difficult or impossible to confirm or review the accuracy of such information. Further, the issuer of such investments may face a conflict of interest in providing information or valuations to the Fund.
UNDERLYING FUND RISK. The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses, including advisory fees, when it invests in Underlying Funds. There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the Underlying Funds (such as the use of derivatives). The ETFs in which the Fund may invest that attempt to track an index may not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track, due to transactions costs and other expenses of the ETFs. The existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for an ETFs or closed-end funds shares could result in such shares trading at a significant premium or discount to their NAV (the amount that an ETF or closed-end fund is trading above or below its NAV) and may increase the funds bid-ask spread (the difference between the offer/sell price and purchase/buy price of a security). The shares of listed closed-end funds may also frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease, and it is possible that the discount may increase.
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Funds investment objectives and permissible under the Investment Company Act. Under one provision of the Investment Company Act, the Fund may not acquire the securities of other investment companies if, as a result, (i) more than 10% of the Funds total assets would be invested in securities of other investment companies, (ii) such purchase would result in more than 3% of the total outstanding voting securities of any one investment company being held by the Fund or (iii) more than 5% of the Funds total assets would be invested in any one investment company. In some instances, the Fund may invest in an investment company in excess of these limits. For example, the Fund may invest in other registered investment companies, such as mutual funds, closed-end funds and ETFs, and in BDCs in excess of the statutory limits imposed by the Investment Company Act in reliance on Rule 12d1-4 under the Investment Company Act. These investments would be subject to the applicable conditions of Rule 12d1-4, which in part would affect or otherwise impose certain limits on the investments and operations of the underlying fund. Accordingly, if the Fund serves as an underlying fund to another investment company, the Funds ability to invest in other investment companies, private funds and other investment vehicles may be limited and, under these circumstances, the Funds investments in other investment companies, private funds and other investment vehicles will be consistent with applicable law and/or exemptive relief obtained from the SEC. The requirements of Rule 12d1-4 have been implemented by the Fund with respect to its fund of funds arrangements.
PRIVATE INVESTMENT FUNDS RISK. The Fund may invest in private investment funds that are not registered as investment companies. As a result, the Fund as an investor in these funds would not have the benefit of certain protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. The Fund may not have the same amount of information about the identity, value, or performance of the private investment funds investments as such private investment funds managers. Investments in private investment funds generally will be illiquid and generally may not be transferred without the consent of the fund. The Fund may be unable to liquidate its investment in a private investment fund when desired (and may incur losses as a result) or may be required to sell such investment regardless of whether it desires to do so. Upon its withdrawal of all or a portion of its interest in a private investment fund, the Fund may receive securities that are illiquid or difficult to value. The Fund may not be able to withdraw from a private investment fund except at certain designated times, thereby limiting the ability of the Fund to withdraw assets from the private fund due to poor performance or other reasons. The fees paid by private investment funds to their advisers and general partners or managing members often are higher than those paid by registered funds and generally include a percentage of gains. The Fund will bear its proportionate share of the management fees and other expenses that are charged by a private investment fund in addition to the management fees and other expenses paid by the Fund. Certain private investment funds may be newly formed entities that have no operating histories or limited operating histories and the information the Fund will obtain about such investments may be limited. As such, the ability of the Investment Manager to evaluate past performance or to validate the investment strategies of such private investment will be limited. Moreover, even to the extent a private investment has a longer operating history, the past investment performance of any of the private investments should not be construed as an indication of the future results of such investments or the Fund, particularly as the investment professionals responsible for the performance of such investments may change over time. This risk is related to, and enhanced by, the risks created by the fact that the Investment Manager relies upon information provided to it by the issuer of the securities it receives or the managers of the Underlying Funds (as applicable) that is not, and cannot be, independently verified.
The valuation of the Funds investments in underlying private funds is ordinarily determined based upon valuations calculated by the Administrator (defined below), in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board and based on information provided by the underlying private funds or their respective administrators. Although the Investment Manager reviews the valuation procedures used by the managers to the underlying private funds, neither the Investment Manager nor the Administrator can confirm or review the accuracy of valuations provided by the underlying private funds or their administrators. An underlying private fund may face a conflict of interest in valuing such securities since their values will affect the managers compensation.
The managers of underlying private funds often have broad indemnification rights and limitations on liability. The Fund may also agree to indemnify certain of the underlying private funds and, subject to certain limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), their underlying managers from any liability, damage, cost, or expense arising out of, among other things, certain acts or omissions relating to the offer or sale of the shares of underlying private funds.
The Fund will invest in underlying private funds that it believes will generally, and in the aggregate, be managed in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objective and strategy. The Investment Manager will not have any control over the underlying managers of the private funds, and thus, there can be no assurances that a manger will manage its private funds in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objective.
FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies may affect their values in U.S. dollar terms. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up, compared to a foreign currency, a loan payable in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments. The Fund may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but the Fund can offer no assurance that the Fund will, in fact, hedge currency risk or, that if the Fund does, such strategies will be effective.
The political, economic, and social structure of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the United States. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. A government may take over assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise stockholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Funds investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and to take into account with respect to the Funds investments in foreign securities. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the United States. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Funds assets) may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies, and some countries may lack uniform accounting and auditing standards. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices. Dividend and interest income from foreign securities may be subject to withholding taxes by the country in which the issuer is located, and the Fund may not be able to pass through to its Shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions with respect to these taxes.
EMERGING MARKETS SECURITIES RISK. The Fund may invest in foreign securities of issuers in so-called emerging markets (or less developed countries). Such investments are particularly speculative and entail all of the risks of investing in foreign securities but to a heightened degree. Emerging market countries generally include all countries in the following regions: Asia (excluding Japan), Eastern Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America, or such countries as reasonably determined by the Investment Manager from time to time. Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets present risks not found in securities of issuers in more developed markets. Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets may be more difficult to sell at acceptable prices and their prices may be more volatile than securities of issuers in more developed markets. Settlements of securities trades in emerging and developing markets may be subject to greater delays than in other markets so that the Fund might not receive the proceeds of a sale of a security on a timely basis. Emerging markets generally have less developed trading markets and exchanges and legal and accounting systems. In addition, emerging markets countries may have more or less government regulation and generally do not impose as extensive and frequent accounting, auditing, financial and other reporting requirements as the securities markets of more developed countries. As a result, there could be less information available about issuers in emerging market countries, which could negatively affect the Investment Managers ability to evaluate local companies or their potential impact on the Funds performance. Further, investments in securities of issuers located in certain emerging countries involve the risk of loss resulting from problems in share registration, settlement or custody, substantial economic, political and social disruptions and the imposition of exchange controls (including repatriation restrictions). The legal remedies for investors in emerging markets may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S., and the ability of U.S. authorities (e.g., SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice) to bring actions against bad actors may be limited.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK. The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of the Funds assets may be denominated directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged.
Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Funds portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Shareholders. The Fund intends to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful. As a result, the Funds investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.
Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. These currency transactions may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engaging in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to developed foreign countries.
ILLIQUID PORTFOLIO OF INVESTMENTS. The Fund is expected to invest in securities that are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. The Fund may make investments that may become less liquid in response to market developments or geopolitical events such as sanctions, trading halts or wars, or adverse investor perceptions. The market prices, if any, for restricted and illiquid securities may be volatile and the Fund may not be able to sell them when the Investment Manager desires to do so or to realize what the Investment Manager perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The sale of such securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over the counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
Investors acquiring direct loans hoping to recoup their entire principal must generally hold their loans through maturity. Direct loans may not be registered under the Securities Act and are not listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, those loan investments may not be transferred unless they are first registered under the Securities Act and all applicable state or foreign securities laws or the transfer qualifies for an exemption from such registration. A reliable secondary market has yet to develop, nor may one ever develop for direct loans and, as such, these investments should be considered illiquid. Until an active secondary market develops, the Fund intends to primarily hold its direct loans until maturity. The Fund may not be able to sell any of its direct loans even under circumstances when the Investment Manager believes it would be in the best interests of the Fund to sell such investments. In such circumstances, the overall returns to the Fund from its direct loans may be adversely affected. Moreover, certain direct loans may be subject to certain additional significant restrictions on transferability. Although the Fund may attempt to increase its liquidity by borrowing from a bank or other institution, its assets may not readily be accepted as collateral for such borrowing.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to risks associated with both debt securities and equity securities. Convertible securities are similar to fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate (or dividend) and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income and preferred securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and tends to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities have characteristics of a fixed-income security and are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion value is lower than the value of the bond or preferred share. Fixed income and preferred securities also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. In addition, the Fund may invest in fixed-income and preferred securities rated less than investment grade that are sometimes referred to as high yield. These securities are speculative investments that carry greater risks and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher quality securities. Fixed income and preferred securities also may be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing companys common stock or cash or sell it to a third party at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Such securities also may be subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these securities could decrease the Funds share price. Convertible securities with a conversion value that is the same as the value of the bond or preferred share have characteristics similar to common stocks. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuers failure to meet the markets expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates.
SECOND LIEN AND SUBORDINATED LOANS. The Fund may invest in secured subordinated loans, including second and lower lien loans. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrowers capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower. In addition, the rights the Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans the Fund makes to borrowers with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that the Fund may enter into with the holders of such senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: (i) the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; (ii) the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; (iii) the approval of amendments to collateral documents; (iv) releases of liens on the collateral; and (v) waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if the Funds rights are adversely affected.
UNSECURED LOANS. The Fund may make unsecured loans to borrowers, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such borrowers. Liens on such a borrowers collateral, if any, will secure the borrowers obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the borrower under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the Funds unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all secured loan obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then the Funds unsecured claims generally would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors claims against the borrowers remaining assets, if any.
PIK INTEREST. To the extent that the Fund invests in loans with a payment in kind (PIK) interest component and the accretion of PIK interest constitutes a portion of the Funds income, the Fund will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such non-cash income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following: (i) loans with a PIK interest component may have higher interest rates that reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; (ii) loans with a PIK interest component may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; (iii) the deferral of PIK interest increases the loan-to-value ratio, which is a fundamental measure of loan risk; and (iv) even if the accounting conditions for PIK interest accrual are met, the borrower could still default when the borrowers actual payment is due at the maturity of the loan.
DIRECT LENDING RISK. To the extent the Fund is the sole lender in privately offered debt, it may be solely responsible for the expense of servicing that debt, including, if necessary, taking legal actions to foreclose on any security instrument securing the debt (e.g., the mortgage or, in the case of a mezzanine loan, the pledge). This may increase the risk and expense to the Fund compared to syndicated or publicly offered debt.
COVENANT-LITE LOANS RISK. Although many of the Funds loan investments are expected to include both incurrence and maintenance-based covenants, there may be instances in which the Fund invests in covenant-lite loans, which means the obligation contains fewer maintenance covenants than other obligations, or no maintenance covenants, and may not include terms which allow the lender to monitor the performance of the borrower and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. An investment by the Fund in a covenant-lite loan may potentially hinder the ability to reprice credit risk associated with the issuer and reduce the ability to restructure a problematic loan and mitigate potential loss. As a result, the Funds exposure to losses may be increased, which could result in an adverse impact on the Funds revenues, net income and NAV.
LENDER LIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS AND EQUITABLE SUBORDINATION. A number of U.S. judicial decisions have upheld judgments obtained by borrowers against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed lender liability. Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of its investments, the Fund may be subject to allegations of lender liability.
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (a) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (b) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (c) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (d) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called equitable subordination.
Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Investment Manager may hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings.
BANK LOANS. The Fund may invest in loans originated by banks and other financial institutions. The loans invested in by the Fund may include term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate and may be senior or subordinated. Special risks associated with investments in bank loans and participations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors rights laws, (ii) so-called lender-liability claims by the issuer of the obligations, (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, (iv) the risk that bank loans may not be securities and therefore may not have the protections afforded by the federal securities laws, and (v) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. Successful claims in respect of such matters may reduce the cash flow and/or market value of the investment. In addition, the bank loan market may face illiquidity and volatility. There can be no assurance that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity, or the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.
In addition to the special risks generally associated with investments in bank loans described above, the Funds investments in second-lien and unsecured bank loans will entail additional risks, including (i) the subordination of the Funds claims to a senior lien in terms of the coverage and recovery from the collateral and (ii) with respect to second-lien loans, the prohibition of or limitation on the right to foreclose on a second-lien or exercise other rights as a second-lien holder, and with respect to unsecured loans, the absence of any collateral on which the Fund may foreclose to satisfy its claim in whole or in part. In certain cases, therefore, no recovery may be available from a defaulted second-lien or unsecured loan. The Funds investments in bank loans of below investment grade companies also entail specific risks associated with investments in non-investment grade securities.
LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS. The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest, not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation. A selling institution voting in connection with a potential waiver of a default by a borrower may have interests different from those of the Fund, and the selling institution might not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with its vote. Notwithstanding the foregoing, many participation agreements with respect to loans provide that the selling institution may not vote in favor of any amendment, modification or waiver that forgives principal, interest or fees, reduces principal, interest or fees that are payable, postpones any payment of principal (whether a scheduled payment or a mandatory prepayment), interest or fees or releases any material guarantee or collateral without the consent of the participant (at least to the extent the participant would be affected by any such amendment, modification or waiver). In addition, many participation agreements with respect to loans that provide voting rights to the participant further provide that if the participant does not vote in favor of amendments, modifications or waivers, the selling institution may repurchase such participation at par.
NON-PERFORMING LOANS. The Fund may invest in non-performing and sub-performing loans which often involve workout negotiations, restructuring and the possibility of foreclosure. These processes are often lengthy and expensive. In addition, the Funds investments may include securities and debt obligations of financially distressed issuers, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. As a result, the Funds investments may be subject to additional bankruptcy related risks and returns on such investments may not be realized for a considerable period of time.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK. Asset-backed securities often involve risks that are different from or more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. For instance, asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. In addition, the underlying assets are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities weighted average maturity and may lower their return. Asset-backed securities are also subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the assets underlying the security and the servicing of those assets. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements. The values of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. Furthermore, debtors may be entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws with respect to the assets underlying these securities, which may give the debtor the right to avoid or reduce payment. In addition, due to their often complicated structures, various asset-backed securities may be difficult to value and may constitute illiquid investments. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in asset-backed securities.
An investment in subordinated (residual) classes of asset-backed securities is typically considered to be an illiquid and highly speculative investment, as losses on the underlying assets are first absorbed by the subordinated classes. The risks associated with an investment in such subordinated classes of asset-backed securities include credit risk, regulatory risk pertaining to the Funds ability to collect on such securities and liquidity risk.
COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS (CLOs) AND COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (CDOs). The Fund may invest in CLOs and CDOs. CLOs and CDOs are created by the grouping of certain private loans and other lender assets/collateral into pools. A sponsoring organization establishes a special purpose vehicle (SPV) to hold the assets/collateral and issue securities. Interests in these pools are sold as individual securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to investors and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guaranty or senior/subordination. Payments from the asset pools may be divided into several different tranches of debt securities, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Some tranches entitled to receive regular installments of principal and interest, other tranches entitled to receive regular installments of interest, with principal payable at maturity or upon specified call dates, and other tranches only entitled to receive payments of principal and accrued interest at maturity or upon specified call dates. Different tranches of securities will bear different interest rates, which may be fixed or floating.
Investors in CLOs and CDOs bear the credit risk of the assets/collateral. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine, and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDOs collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving S&P Global Ratings (S&P) ratings of A to AAA and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.
Because the loans held in the pool often may be prepaid without penalty or premium, CLOs and CDOs can be subject to higher prepayment risks than most other types of debt instruments. Prepayments may result in a capital loss to the Fund to the extent that the prepaid securities purchased at a market discount from their stated principal amount will accelerate the recognition of interest income by the Fund, which would be taxed as ordinary income when distributed to the Shareholders. The credit characteristics of CLOs and CDOs also differ in a number of respects from those of traditional debt securities. The credit quality of most CLOs and CDOs depends primarily upon the credit quality of the assets/collateral underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement to such securities.
CLOs and CDOs are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in CLOs and CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. An active dealer market may exist for CLOs and CDOs that can be resold in Rule 144A transactions, but there can be no assurance that such a market will exist or will be active enough for the Fund to sell such securities.
In addition to the typical risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities, CLOs and CDOs carry other risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the collateral may default, decline in value or quality, or be downgraded by a rating agency; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of CLOs and CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches, diminishing the likelihood of payment; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) risk of forced fire sale liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (vi) the manager of the CLO or CDO may perform poorly.
STRUCTURED PRODUCTS. The CLOs and other CDOs in which the Fund may invest are structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying assets and are subject to counterparty risk.
The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured products administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of assets underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer-term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below-market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund.
Certain structured products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. CLOs, CDOs and credit-linked notes are typically privately offered and sold. As a result, investments in structured products may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. In addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities, structured products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in structured products are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) a forced fire sale liquidation may occur due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures and (vi) the manager of the CLO or CDO may perform poorly.
WAREHOUSE INVESTMENT RISK. The Fund may invest in Warehouses, which are financing structures created prior to and in anticipation of CLO or CDO closings and issuing securities and are intended to aggregate direct loans, corporate loans and/or other debt obligations that may be used to form the basis of CLO or CDO vehicles. To finance the acquisition of a Warehouses assets, a financing facility (a Warehouse Facility) is often opened by (i) the entity or affiliates of the entity that will become the collateral manager of the CLO or CDO upon its closing and/or (ii) third-party investors that may or may not invest in the CLO or CDO. The period from the date that a Warehouse is opened and asset accumulation begins to the date that the CLO or CDO closes is commonly referred to as the warehousing period. In practice, investments in Warehouses (Warehouse Investments) are structured in a variety of legal forms, including subscriptions for equity interests or subordinated debt investments in SPVs that obtain a Warehouse Facility secured by the assets acquired in anticipation of a CLO or CDO closing.
A Warehouse Investment generally bears the risk that (i) the warehoused assets (typically senior secured corporate loans) will drop in value during the warehousing period, (ii) certain of the warehoused assets default or for another reason are not permitted to be included in a CLO or CDO and a loss is incurred upon their disposition, and (iii) the anticipated CLO or CDO is delayed past the maturity date of the related Warehouse Facility or does not close at all, and, in either case, losses are incurred upon disposition of all of the warehoused assets. In the case of (iii), a particular CLO or CDO may not close for many reasons, including as a result of a market-wide material adverse change, a manager-related material adverse change or the discretion of the manager or the underwriter. There can be no assurance that a CLO or CDO related to Warehouse Investments will be consummated. In the event a planned CLO or CDO is not consummated, investors in a Warehouse (which may include the Fund) may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the warehoused assets. Because leverage is typically used in Warehouses, the potential risk of loss may be increased for the owners of Warehouse Investments. This could expose the Fund to losses, including in some cases a complete loss of all capital invested in a Warehouse Investment.
The Fund may be an investor in Warehouse Investments and in CLOs or CDOs that acquire warehoused assets, including from Warehouses in which the Fund has directly or indirectly invested. This involves certain conflicts and risks. Because the Fund would hold a direct interest in the warehoused assets and an interest through its investment in the CDO/CLO, there is a potential for the Fund to have exposure to the same portfolio company through two structures with interests that do not completely align. In such cases, the Investment Manager would make any investment management decisions with respect to such investments in a manner that it believes is in the Funds best interests overall.
The Warehouse Investments represent leveraged investments in the underlying assets of a Warehouse. Therefore, the value of a Warehouse Investment is often affected by, among other things, (i) changes in the market value of the underlying assets of the Warehouse; (ii) distributions, defaults, recoveries, capital gains, capital losses and prepayments on the underlying assets of the Warehouse; and (iii) the prices, interest rates and availability of eligible assets for reinvestment. Due to the leveraged nature of a Warehouse Investment, a significant portion (and in some circumstances all) of the Warehouse Investments made by the Fund may not be repaid.
MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS RISK. The Fund (or Underlying Fund) may invest in municipal bonds. Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued by the states, possessions, or territories of the United States (including the District of Columbia) or a political subdivision, public instrumentality, agency, public authority or other governmental unit of such states, possessions, or territories (e.g., counties, cities, towns, villages, districts and authorities). Certain of the municipal obligations in which the Fund (or Underlying Funds) may invest, present their own distinct risks. These risks may depend, among other things, on the financial situation of the government issuer, or in the case of industrial development bonds and similar securities, on that of the entity supplying the revenues that are intended to repay the obligations. It is also possible that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers or those other entities to meet their obligations for the repayment of principal and payment of interest may be materially and adversely affected. States, possessions, territories and municipalities may issue municipal bonds to raise funds for various public purposes such as airports, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, water and sewer works, gas, and electric utilities. They may also issue municipal bonds to refund outstanding obligations and to meet general operating expenses. Municipal bonds may be general obligation bonds or revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from revenues derived from particular facilities, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or from other specific revenue sources. They are not usually payable from the general taxing power of a municipality. In addition, certain types of private activity bonds may be issued by public authorities to obtain funding for privately operated facilities, such as housing and pollution control facilities, for industrial facilities and for water supply, gas, electricity and waste disposal facilities. Other types of private activity bonds are used to finance the construction, repair or improvement of, or to obtain equipment for, privately operated industrial or commercial facilities. Current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of certain of such issues. In certain cases, the interest on a private activity bond may not be exempt from federal income tax or the alternative minimum tax.
PRIVATE COMPANY RISK. Investment in private companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and the Fund (or Underlying Fund) is required to rely on the ability of the investment advisers investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If the Investment Manager is unable to uncover all material information about these companies, it may not be able to make a fully informed investment decision and may lose money on its investments. Private companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that the Fund (or Underlying Fund) holds, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund (or Underlying Fund) realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with its investment. In addition, they typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These companies generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. These companies may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity. In addition, investments in private companies may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until the company meets certain growth and liquidity objectives.
SMALL AND MIDDLE-MARKET COMPANIES. Investment in private and small or middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and the Fund will rely on the ability of the Investment Manager to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If the Investment Manager is unable to uncover all material information about these companies, it may not make a fully informed investment decision, and the Fund may lose money on its investments. Small and middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that the Fund holds, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with its investment. In addition, such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Additionally, small and middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons. Therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on one or more of the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests. Small and middle-market companies also may be parties to litigation and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence.
DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS. The Fund may use options, swaps, futures contracts, forward agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The Funds derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying asset, rate or index, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying asset, rate or index; the loss of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Investment Manager to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Funds derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain. The use of derivatives is also subject to operational and legal risks. Operational risks generally refer to risks related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error. Legal risks generally refer to risks of loss resulting from insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract.
RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF DERIVATIVES AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS. Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits the Fund to enter into certain derivatives and other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of senior securities under Section 18 of the Investment Company Act. Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, among other things, prohibits closed-end funds, including the Fund, from issuing or selling any senior security representing indebtedness, unless the fund maintains 300% asset coverage, or any senior security representing stock, unless the fund maintains 200% asset coverage.
Rule 18f-4 imposes limits on the amount of derivatives and other transactions a fund can enter into, eliminates the asset segregation framework that had been used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, and requires funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager. The Fund intends to treat any reverse repurchase agreement as a derivative transaction pursuant to Rule 18f-4 and in accordance with such Rule, the Fund has adopted and implemented a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program and is subject to an absolute value-at-risk test. The Funds value-at-risk may not exceed 20% of the Funds net assets (25% if the Fund has issued preferred stock). The derivatives risk management program is administered by a derivatives risk manager, who has been appointed by the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), and periodically reviews the derivatives risk management program and reports to the Board on a quarterly basis. Subject to certain conditions, limited derivatives users (as defined in Rule 18f-4), however, are not subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4 and the Fund could, in the future, determine to seek to qualify as a limited derivatives user by limiting its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets (as calculated in accordance with Rule 18f-4).
GOVERNMENT BOND RISK. Investments in government bonds, including sovereign, quasi-sovereign, and supranational bonds, involve special risks that are not present in corporate bonds. The governmental authority or government entity that controls the repayment of the bond may be unable or unwilling to make interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations. If an issuer of government bonds defaults on payments of principal and/or interest, the Fund may have limited recourse against the issuer. In the past, certain governments of emerging market countries have declared themselves unable to meet their financial obligations on a timely basis, which has resulted in losses for holders of government bonds. In addition, supranational entities have no taxing authority and are dependent on their members for payments of interest and principal. If one or more members of a supranational entity fails to make necessary contributions, the entity may be unable to pay interest or repay principal on its debt securities. Political changes in principal donor nations may unexpectedly disrupt the finances of supranational entities.
ADDITIONAL RISKS OF THE FUND
CONTINGENT CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES RISK. CoCos, sometimes referred to as contingent convertible securities, are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security for the benefit of the issuer, for example, an automatic write-down of principal or a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuers capital ratio falling below a certain level. CoCos may be subject to an automatic write-down (i.e., the automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities, potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic write-down could also result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the securitys par value. If a CoCo provides for mandatory conversion of the security into common shares of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as an adverse event, the Fund could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, as a result of the issuers common shares not paying a dividend. In addition, a conversion event would likely be the result of or related to the deterioration of the issuers financial condition (e.g., a decrease in the issuers capital ratio) and status as a going concern, so the market price of the issuers common shares received by the Fund may have declined, perhaps substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the Funds NAV. Further, the issuers common shares would be subordinate to the issuers other security classes and therefore worsen the Funds standing in a bankruptcy proceeding. In addition, most CoCos are considered to be high yield or junk securities and are therefore subject to the risks of investment in below investment grade securities.
It will often be difficult to predict when, if at all, an automatic write-down or conversion event will occur. Accordingly, the trading behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other types of debt and preferred securities. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion event may occur can be expected to have a material adverse effect on the market price of the CoCos. CoCos are a relatively new form of security, and the full effects of an automatic write-down or conversion event have not been experienced broadly in the marketplace. The occurrence of an automatic write-down or conversion event may be unpredictable and the potential effects of such event on the Funds yield or NAV may be adverse.
COST OF CAPITAL AND NET INVESTMENT INCOME RISK. If the Fund uses debt to finance investments, its net investment income may depend, in part, upon the difference between the interest rate at which it borrows funds, and the interest rate of investments made using those funds. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates can have a material adverse effect on the Funds net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates when it has debt outstanding, the Funds cost of funds will increase, which could reduce the Funds net investment income. The Fund may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit its exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. These activities may limit the Funds ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on the Funds business, financial condition and results of operations.
CYBERSECURITY RISK. Cybersecurity refers to the combination of technologies, processes and procedures established to protect information technology systems and data from unauthorized access, attack or damage. The Fund, the Underlying Funds and their affiliates and third-party service providers are subject to cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity risks have significantly increased in recent years and the Fund could suffer such losses in the future. Computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. In addition, the Fund and the Investment Manager have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third-party service providers. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize confidential and other information, including nonpublic personal information and sensitive business data, processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in the Funds operations or the operations of their respective affiliates and third-party service providers. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect the Funds business, financial condition or results of operations. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes. In addition, the Fund may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify the Funds protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. There can be no assurance that the Fund, the Underlying Funds or their service providers will not suffer losses relating to cybersecurity breaches in the future. Despite reasonable precautions, the risk remains that such incidents could occur, and that such incidents could cause damage to individual investors due to the risk of exposing confidential personal data about investors to unintended parties. The use of AI and machine learning could exacerbate these risks or result in cyber security incidents that implicate personal data. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by its service providers, the Underlying Funds or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund or its Shareholders.
DISTRIBUTION POLICY. The Funds distribution policy is to make quarterly distributions of substantially all of its net investment income. Distributions cannot be assured, and the amount of each distribution is likely to vary. Distributions will be paid at least annually in amounts representing substantially all of the net investment income not previously distributed in a quarterly distribution and net capital gains, if any, earned each year. All or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital (i.e., from your original investment) for Federal income tax purposes instead of net investment income. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net investment income. Shareholders should note that a return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their Shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their Shares, even if the Shares are sold at a loss.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RELATING TO CO-INVESTING. The Fund has been granted an order of exemptive relief from the SEC (the Order) that permits the Fund to participate in certain negotiated investments alongside other funds managed by the Investment Manager or certain of its affiliates outside the parameters of Section 17 of the Investment Company Act. The Order imposes various conditions on the Fund and the Investment Manager intended to ensure that any co-investment transactions are done in a fair and equitable manner.
The Investment Managers investment allocation policy is designed to manage the potential conflicts of interest between its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and its similar fiduciary obligations to other clients; however, there can be no assurance that the Investment Managers efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity fairly among all clients for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to the Fund.
The allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and any of the other investment funds sponsored or accounts managed by the Investment Manager may not always, and often will not, be proportional. In general, pursuant to the Investment Managers investment allocation policy, the process for making an allocation determination includes an assessment as to whether a particular investment opportunity (including any follow-on investment in, or disposition from, an existing investment held by the Fund or another investment fund or account) is suitable for the Fund or another investment fund or accounts. In making this assessment, the Investment Manager may consider a variety of factors, including, without limitation: the investment objectives, guidelines and strategies applicable to the investment fund or account; the nature of the investment, including its risk-return profile and expected holding period; portfolio diversification and concentration concerns; the liquidity needs of the investment fund or account; the ability of the investment fund or account to accommodate structural, timing and other aspects of the investment process; the life cycle of the investment fund or account; legal, tax and regulatory requirements and restrictions, including, as applicable, compliance with the Investment Company Act (including requirements and restrictions pertaining to co-investment opportunities); compliance with existing agreements of the investment fund or account; the available capital of the investment fund or account; diversification requirements for RICs; the gross asset value and net asset value of the investment fund or account; the current and targeted leverage levels for the investment fund or account; and portfolio construction considerations. The relevance of each of these criteria will vary from investment opportunity to investment opportunity. The Investment Manager may be incentivized to pursue a co-investment transaction for reputational or other reasons that are not directly advantageous to the Fund. For example, the Investment Manager may receive a higher advisory fee from an affiliated fund that would be a participant in a co-investment transaction with the Fund, in which case the Investment Manager might be incentivized to recommend that the Fund participate in riskier co-investment transactions than would be the case if the Fund was the only participant.
By reason of the various activities of the Investment Manager and its affiliates, the Investment Manager and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time.
INVESTMENTS IN CASH, CASH-EQUIVALENT INVESTMENTS OR MONEY MARKET FUNDS. A portion of the Funds assets may be invested in cash, cash-equivalent investments or money market funds when, for example, other investments are unattractive, to provide a reserve for anticipated obligations of the Fund or for other temporary purposes. Although such a practice may assist in the preservation of capital, the assumption of cash positions may also impact overall investment return. Cash investment practices of the Fund may be expected, therefore, to affect total investment performance of the Fund. Although a money market fund seeks to preserve a $1.00 per share NAV, it cannot guarantee it will do so. The sponsor of a money market fund has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the money market fund and investors in money market funds should not expect that the sponsor will provide support to a money market fund at any time.
LEGAL, TAX AND REGULATORY. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may materially adversely affect the Fund and Underlying Funds. For example, the regulatory environment for leveraged investors is evolving, and changes in the direct or indirect regulation of leveraged investors may materially adversely affect the ability of the Fund or Underlying Funds to pursue their investment objective or strategies. Increased regulatory oversight and other legislation or regulation could result.
The current presidential administration has called for significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although the Fund cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Funds or an Underlying Funds business, they could adversely affect the Funds business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Fund knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Funds business and the business of the Funds competitors over the long term, the Fund will not know if, overall, the Fund will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them
Each prospective investor should also be aware that developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions where the Fund or its Underlying Funds invest could have a material effect on the tax consequences to the shareholders. In the event of any such change in law, each Shareholder is urged to consult its own tax advisers. Recent technological developments in, and the increasingly widespread use of, certain AI technologies, including machine learning models and generative artificial intelligence (collectively AI Technologies), may pose risks to the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of AI Technologies. As AI Technologies are used more widely, the profitability and growth of Fund holdings may be impacted, which could significantly impact the overall performance of the Fund. The legal and regulatory frameworks within which AI Technologies operate continue to rapidly evolve, and it is not possible to predict the full extent of current or future risks related thereto.
LIBOR DISCONTINUATION RISK. Certain London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBORs) were generally phased out by the end of 2021, and some regulated entities have ceased to enter into new LIBOR-based contracts beginning January 1, 2022. As of September 30, 2024, the UK Financial Conduct Authority has confirmed that all publications of LIBOR, including all synthetic publications of the1-, 3- and 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings, have ceased. Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. Although the transition away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined, any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR and other benchmark rates on financial markets, a fund or the financial instruments in which a fund invests can be difficult to ascertain. Not all existing LIBOR-based instruments may have alternative rate-setting provisions and there remains uncertainty regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to add alternative rate-setting provisions in certain existing instruments. Global regulators have advised market participants to cease entering into new contracts using LIBOR as a reference rate, and it is possible that investments in LIBOR-based instruments could invite regulatory scrutiny. Instruments in which the Fund invests historically paid interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or were subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests also historically obtained financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. In addition, a liquid market for newly-issued instruments that use a reference rate other than LIBOR still may be developing. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the Fund or an Underlying Funds performance or NAV.
SOFR RISK. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. SOFR is calculated based on transaction-level repo data collected from various sources. For each trading day, SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median rate derived from such data. SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). If data from a given source required by the FRBNY to calculate SOFR is unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data for that segment will be used, with certain adjustments. If errors are discovered in the transaction data or the calculations underlying SOFR after its initial publication on a given day, SOFR may be republished at a later time that day. Rate revisions will be effected only on the day of initial publication and will be republished only if the change in the rate exceeds one basis point.
Because SOFR is a financing rate based on overnight secured funding transactions, it differs fundamentally from LIBOR. LIBOR is intended to be an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding costs for different short-term maturities or tenors. It is a forward-looking rate reflecting expectations regarding interest rates for the applicable tenor. Thus, LIBOR is intended to be sensitive, in certain respects, to bank credit risk and to term interest rate risk. In contrast, SOFR is a secured overnight rate reflecting the credit of U.S. Treasury securities as collateral. Thus, it is largely insensitive to credit-risk considerations and to short-term interest rate risks. SOFR is a transaction-based rate, and it has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. For these reasons, among others, there is no assurance that SOFR, or rates derived from SOFR, will perform in the same or similar way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no assurance that SOFR-based rates will be a suitable substitute for LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based on SOFRs history or otherwise. Levels of SOFR in the future, including following the discontinuation of LIBOR, may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR, LIBOR or other rates.
NEED FOR FOLLOW-ON INVESTMENTS. Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, the Fund may make additional investments in that portfolio company as follow-on investments, including exercising warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; in seeking to: (i) increase or maintain in whole or in part the Funds position as a creditor or the Funds equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company; or (ii) preserve or enhance the value of the Funds investment. The Fund has discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. Failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of an underlying portfolio company and the Funds initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for the Fund to increase its participation in a successful operation. Even if the Fund has sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, the Investment Manager may elect not to make a follow-on investment because the Investment Manager may not want to increase the Funds level of risk or because the Investment Manager prefers other opportunities for the Fund.
The Order permits the Fund to participate in certain negotiated investments alongside other funds managed by the Investment Manager or certain of its affiliates outside the parameters of Section 17 of the Investment Company Act. The Order imposes various conditions on the Fund and the Investment Manager intended to ensure that any co-investment transactions are done in a fair and equitable manner.
NON-QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet three numerical requirements each year regarding (i) the diversification of the assets it holds, (ii) the income it earns, and (iii) the amount of taxable income that it distributes to Shareholders. These requirements and certain additional tax risks associated with investments in the Fund are discussed in Taxes - Taxation of the Fund in this Prospectus.
OPERATIONAL RISK. An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Funds annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
CO-INVESTMENT REVENUE. The Fund may invest in co-investment vehicles owned and managed by unaffiliated entities. The investment strategy of any co-investment vehicle in which the Fund invests will be consistent with the investment objective, investment strategies, and risk factors of the Fund. The Fund may receive an asset-based fee from other investors in the co-investment fund for rendering certain services to the co-investment fund such as warehousing investments and acting as the collateral agent. The asset-based fees may be subordinated to outside investor capital and thus subject to first loss if the investment underperforms.
PREFERRED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in preferred securities. There are various risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including credit risk, interest rate risk, deferral and omission of distributions, subordination to bonds and other debt securities in a companys capital structure, limited liquidity, limited voting rights and special redemption rights. Interest rate risk is, in general, the risk that the price of a debt security falls when interest rates rise. Securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. Holders of preferred securities may not receive dividends, or the payment can be deferred for some period of time. In bankruptcy, creditors are generally paid before the holders of preferred securities.
RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY. The Funds business is highly dependent on the communications and information systems of the Investment Manager. In addition, certain of these systems are provided to the Investment Manager by third-party service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third-party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in the Funds activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Funds operating results.
RIC-RELATED RISKS OF INVESTMENT GENERATING NON-CASH TAXABLE INCOME. Certain of the Funds investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in loans and other debt instruments, including PIK instruments, that will be treated as having market discount and/or original issue discount (OID) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Additionally, the Fund may invest in passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) with respect to which it may make an election to recognize income currently in order to avoid a Fund-level tax and non-deductible interest that would otherwise be imposed by the Code. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. Such required cash distributions may need to be paid from offering proceeds. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions. Additionally, the required recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes without an associated receipt of cash may have a negative impact on liquidity (because it represents a non-cash component of the Funds taxable income that must, nevertheless, be distributed in cash to avoid the Fund being subject to corporate level taxation).
Instruments that are treated as having OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any collateral. Loans that are treated as having OID generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Accruals on such instruments may create uncertainty about the source of Fund distributions to Shareholders. OID creates the risk of non-refundable cash payments to the Investment Manager based on accruals that may never be realized. In addition, the deferral of payment-in-kind interest also reduces a loans loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate.
UNCERTAIN TAX TREATMENT. The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in connection with the Funds intention to distribute sufficient income each tax year to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax.
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LIMITS OF RISK DISCLOSURES. The above discussions relate to the various principal risks associated with the Fund, its investments and Shares and are not intended to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and consult with their own advisers before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Funds investment program changes or develops over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to risk factors not currently contemplated or described in this Prospectus.
In view of the risks noted above, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment and prospective investors should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment.
No guarantee or representation is made that the investment program of the Fund will be successful or that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. |
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| Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Security Dividends [Text Block] | The Funds distribution policy is to accrue dividends daily (Saturdays, Sundays and holidays included) and to distribute as of the last business day of each quarter. Unless a Shareholder elects otherwise, the Shareholders distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the same class under the Funds dividend reinvestment program (the DRIP). Shareholders who elect not to participate in the DRIP will receive all distributions in cash paid to the shareholder of record (or, if the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee). Distributions are made at the class level, so they may vary from class to class within the Fund. The Fund may pay distributions from sources that may not be available in the future and that are unrelated to the Funds performance, such as from offering proceeds and/or borrowings. When distributions are paid from offering proceeds and/or borrowings, they may constitute a return of capital for Federal income tax purposes and reduce the amount of capital available to the Fund for investment. See Taxes - Taxation of the Fund - Distributions to Shareholders. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Security Voting Rights [Text Block] | Each Shareholder will have the right to cast a number of votes, based on the number of such Shareholders Shares, at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Board. Each Share is entitled to one vote per Share. A Shareholder of each Class is entitled to a proportionate vote for each fractional Share of such Class on any matter on which the Shareholder is entitled to vote. Except for the exercise of such voting privileges, Shareholders will not be entitled to participate in the management or control of the Funds business and may not act for or bind the Fund. Shareholders of the Fund shall have power to vote only: (a) for the election of one or more Trustees in order to comply with the provisions of the Investment Company Act (including Section 16(a) thereof); (b) with respect to any contract entered into pursuant to Article V of the Funds Declaration of Trust to the extent required by the Investment Company Act; (c) with respect to termination of the Fund or a Class thereof to the extent required by applicable law; and (d) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Fund as may be required by the Funds Declaration of Trust, the Amended and Restated By-laws of the Fund or any registration of the Fund as an investment company under the Investment Company Act with the SEC (or any successor agency) or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Securities [Table Text Block] |
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| Dependence On The Investment Manager [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DEPENDENCE ON THE INVESTMENT MANAGER. The success of the Fund depends upon the ability of the Investment Manager to develop and implement investment strategies that achieve the investment objective of the Fund. Additionally, the success of the Fund, in part, depends on the ability of investment advisers to the Underlying Funds to develop and implement strategies that achieve their own investment objectives. Shareholders will have no right or power to participate in the management or control of the Fund. |
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| Management Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | MANAGEMENT RISK. The NAV of the Fund changes daily based on the performance of the securities in which it invests. The Investment Managers judgments about the attractiveness, value and potential appreciation of a particular sector and securities or the financial performance of portfolio companies in which the Fund invests may prove to be incorrect and may not produce the desired results. |
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| Non Diversified Status [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | NON-DIVERSIFIED STATUS. The Fund is a non-diversified management investment company. Thus, there are no percentage limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act on the Funds assets that may be invested, directly or indirectly, in the securities of any one issuer. Consequently, if one or more securities are allocated a relatively large percentage of the Funds assets, losses suffered by such securities could result in a higher reduction in the Funds capital than if such capital had been more proportionately allocated among a larger number of securities. The Fund may also be more susceptible to any single economic or regulatory occurrence than a diversified investment company. The Fund intends to satisfy the diversification requirements necessary to qualify as a RIC under the Code. See Taxes - Taxation of the Fund. |
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| Repurchase Offers Limited Liquidity [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | REPURCHASE OFFERS; LIMITED LIQUIDITY. The Fund is a closed-end investment company structured as an interval fund and, as such, has adopted a fundamental policy to make quarterly repurchase offers, at per-class NAV, of not less than 5% and not more than 25% of the Funds outstanding Shares on the repurchase request deadline, pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the Investment Company Act. The Fund will offer to purchase only a small portion of its Shares each quarter, and there is no guarantee that Shareholders will be able to sell all of the Shares that they desire to sell in any particular repurchase offer. If a repurchase offer is oversubscribed, the Fund may repurchase only a pro rata portion of the Shares tendered by each Shareholder. The potential for proration may cause some investors to tender more Shares for repurchase than they wish to have repurchased or result in investors being unable to liquidate all or a given percentage of their investment during the particular repurchase offer.
Shares in the Fund provide limited liquidity since Shareholders will not be able to redeem Shares on a daily basis. A Shareholder may not be able to tender its Shares in the Fund promptly after it has made a decision to do so. In addition, with very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity will be provided only through repurchase offers made quarterly by the Fund. Shares in the Fund are therefore suitable only for investors who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment.
Repurchase offers generally are funded from available cash (including, if necessary, offering proceeds) or sales of portfolio investments but may be funded with borrowings. However, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund decreases the assets of the Fund and, therefore, may have the effect of increasing the Funds expense ratio and portfolio turnover. Repurchase offers and the need to fund repurchase obligations may also affect the ability of the Fund to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of its assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Funds investment performance. Moreover, diminution in the size of the Fund through repurchases, without offsetting new sales, may result in untimely sales of portfolio investments and a higher expense ratio, and may limit the ability of the Fund to participate in new investment opportunities or to achieve its investment objective. The sale of securities to fund repurchases could reduce the market price of those securities, which in turn would reduce the Funds NAV. If the Fund uses leverage, repurchases of Shares may compound the adverse effects of leverage in a declining market. In addition, if the Fund borrows money to finance repurchases, interest on that borrowing will negatively affect Shareholders who do not tender their Shares by increasing Fund expenses and reducing any net investment income.
In addition, to the extent the Fund sells portfolio holdings in order to fund repurchase requests, the repurchase of Shares by the Fund may be a taxable event for the Shareholders of repurchased Shares, and potentially even for Shareholders that do not participate in the repurchase offer. Repurchase offers, if funded from offering proceeds, may constitute a return of capital for Federal income tax purposes. Any capital returned to Shareholders through the repurchase of Shares will be distributed after payment of Fund fees and expenses. See Taxes - Taxation of the Fund - Distribution to Shareholders.
Notices of each repurchase offer are sent to shareholders at least 21 days before the Repurchase Request Deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders must tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer). The Fund determines the NAV applicable to repurchases no later than the fourteen (14) days after the Repurchase Request Deadline (or the next business day, if the 14th day is not a business day) (the Repurchase Pricing Date). The Fund expects to distribute payment to Shareholders between one and three business days after the Repurchase Pricing Date and will distribute payment no later than seven (7) calendar days after such date. If a Shareholder tenders all of its Shares (or a portion of its Shares) in connection with a repurchase offer made by the Fund, that tender may not be rescinded by the Shareholder after the Repurchase Request Deadline. Because the NAV applicable to a repurchase is calculated 14 days after the Repurchase Request Deadline, a Shareholder will not know its repurchase price until after it has irrevocably tendered its Shares. See Offers to Repurchase/Repurchase Procedures. Shareholders may be subject to market risk in relation to the tender of their Shares for repurchase because like other market investments, the value of the Shares may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably, between the date a repurchase offer terminates and the repurchase date. Likewise, because the Funds investments may include securities denominated in foreign currencies, changes in currency values between the date a repurchase offer terminates and the repurchase date may also adversely affect the value of the Shares.
In certain circumstances, the Board may require a Shareholder to tender its Shares if, among other reasons, the Board determines that continued ownership of such Shares by the Shareholder may be harmful or injurious to the business or reputation of the Fund, or may subject the Fund or any Shareholder to an undue risk of adverse tax or other fiscal consequences, or would otherwise be in the best interests of the Fund. |
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| Limited Operating History [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | LIMITED OPERATING HISTORY. The Fund is a recently organized closed-end management investment company that has limited operating history and no public trading of its Shares. The Fund is designed primarily as a long-term investment vehicle and not as a trading tool. An investment in the Shares should not constitute a complete investment program for any investor and involves a high degree of risk. Due to the uncertainty in all investments, there can be no assurance that the Fund will achieve its investment objective. The value of the Shares could decline substantially and cause you to lose some or all of your investment. |
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| Minimal Capitalization [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | MINIMAL CAPITALIZATION. The Fund is not obligated to raise any specific amount of capital. There is a risk that the amount of capital actually raised by the Fund through the offering of its Shares may be insufficient to achieve profitability or allow the Fund to realize its investment objective. An inability to raise additional capital may adversely affect the Funds financial condition, liquidity and results of operations, as well as its compliance with regulatory requirements. Further, if the Fund is unable to raise sufficient capital, Shareholders may bear higher expenses due to a lack of economies of scale. |
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| Market Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | MARKET RISK. An investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount invested. An investment in the Fund also represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the Fund, including an indirect investment in any Underlying Funds. The value of the Fund or an Underlying Fund, like other market investments, may move up or down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of your Shares at any point in time may be worth less than the value of your original investment, even after taking into account any reinvestment of dividends and distributions.
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected the worldwide economy, as well as the economies of individual countries, the financial health of individual companies and the market in general in significant and unforeseen ways. Although vaccines for COVID-19 are widely available, it is unknown how long certain circumstances related to the pandemic will persist, whether they will reoccur in the future, and what additional implications may follow from the pandemic. The impact of these events and other epidemics or pandemics in the future could adversely affect the Funds or an Underlying Funds performance.
The Fund and the Investment Manager have in place business continuity plans reasonably designed to ensure that they maintain normal business operations, and that the Fund, its portfolio and assets are protected. However, in the event of a pandemic or an outbreak, such as COVID-19, there can be no assurance that the Fund, its advisers and service providers, or the Funds portfolio companies, will be able to maintain normal business operations for an extended period of time or will not lose the services of key personnel on a temporary or long-term basis due to illness or other reasons. A pandemic or disease could also impair the information technology and other operational systems upon which the Funds advisers rely and could otherwise disrupt the ability of the Funds service providers to perform essential tasks.
Additionally, climate change poses long-term threats to physical and biological systems. Potential hazards and risks related to climate change include, among other things, wildfires, rising sea levels, more severe coastal flooding and erosion hazards, and more intense storms. Storms in recent years have demonstrated vulnerabilities in infrastructure to extreme weather events. Climate change risks, if they materialize, can adversely impact financial plans in current or future years. In addition, economists and others have expressed increasing concern about the potential effects of global climate change on property and security values. A rise in sea levels, an increase in powerful windstorms and/or a climate-driven increase in sea levels or flooding could cause coastal properties to lose value or become unmarketable altogether. Economists warn that, unlike previous declines in the real estate market, properties in affected coastal zones may not ever recover their value. Large wildfires driven by high winds and prolonged drought may devastate businesses and entire communities and may be very costly to any business found to be responsible for the fire. Regulatory changes and divestment movements tied to concerns about climate change could adversely affect the value of certain land and the viability of industries whose activities or products are seen as accelerating climate change. The Fund cannot predict the effects of or likelihood of such events on the U.S. and world economies. The Fund could be materially impacted by such events which may, in turn, negatively affect the value and performance the Fund.
Advancements in technology may also adversely impact markets and the overall performance of the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of artificial intelligence (AI). As the use of technology grows, liquidity and market movements may be affected. As AI is used more widely, the profitability and growth of Fund holdings may be impacted, which could significantly impact the overall performance of the Fund. |
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| General Economic And Market Conditions [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | GENERAL ECONOMIC AND MARKET CONDITIONS. The success of the Funds investment program may be affected by general economic and market conditions, such as interest rates, availability of credit, inflation/deflation rates, economic uncertainty, changes in laws or governmental policies, including trade policies, treaties and tariffs, and national and international political circumstances. These factors may affect the level and volatility of securities prices, and the liquidity of investments held by the Fund. Unexpected volatility or illiquidity could impair the Funds profitability or result in losses.
The United Kingdom (UK) left the European Union (EU) on January 31, 2020, and a transition period during which the UK and EU negotiated terms of departure ended on December 31, 2020. The departure is commonly referred to as Brexit. The UK and EU reached an agreement, effective January 1, 2021, on the terms of their future trading relationship, which principally relates to the trading of goods. In March 2021, the UK and EU put in place a regulatory dialogue on financial systems based on a separate memorandum of understanding. Brexit may have significant political and financial consequences for the Eurozone markets and broader global economy, including greater volatility in the global stock markets and illiquidity, fluctuations in currency and exchange rates, and an increased likelihood of a recession in the UK. Securities issued by companies domiciled in the UK could be subject to changing regulatory and tax regimes. Banking and financial services companies that operate in the UK or EU could be disproportionately impacted by these actions. Further insecurity in EU membership or the abandonment of the euro could exacerbate market and currency volatility and negatively impact investments in securities issued by companies located in EU countries. Brexit also may cause additional member states to contemplate departing the EU, which would likely perpetuate political and economic instability in the region and cause additional market disruption in global financial markets. As a result, markets in the UK, Europe and globally could experience increased volatility and illiquidity, and potentially lower economic growth which in return could potentially have an adverse effect on the value of the Funds investments. Market disruption in the EU and globally may have a negative effect on the value of the Funds investments. Additionally, there could be additional risks if one or more additional EU member states seek to leave the EU.
International war or conflicts (including the war between Russia and Ukraine and conflict between Israel, Iran and the Axis of Resistance) and geopolitical events in foreign countries, along with instability in regions such as Asia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, possible terrorist attacks in the United States or around the world, and other similar events could adversely affect the U.S. and foreign financial markets. As a result, whether or not the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests in securities located in or with significant exposure to the countries directly affected, the value and liquidity of the Funds or an Underlying Funds investments may be negatively impacted. Further, due to closures of certain markets and restrictions on trading certain securities, the value of certain securities held by the Fund, or an Underlying Fund, could be significantly impacted.
The impairment or failure of one or more banks with whom the Fund transacts may inhibit the Funds or an Underlying Funds ability to access depository accounts. In such cases, the Fund or an Underlying Fund may be forced to delay or forgo investments, resulting in lower Fund performance. In the event of such a failure of a banking institution where the Fund or an Underlying Fund or other Fund investment holds depository accounts, access to such accounts could be restricted and U.S. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) protection may not be available for balances in excess of amounts insured by the FDIC. In such instances, the Fund, an Underlying Fund or other Fund investment may not recover such excess, uninsured amounts.
Recently, the United States has enacted or proposed to enact significant new tariffs, and various federal agencies have been directed to further evaluate key aspects of U.S. trade policy, which could potentially lead to significant changes to current policies, treaties, and tariffs. There continues to exist significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and other countries with respect to such trade policies, treaties and tariffs. These developments, or the perception that any of them could occur, may have a material adverse effect on global trade, in particular, trade between the impacted nations and the U.S.; global financial markets stability; and global economic conditions. |
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| Economic Recession Or Downturn Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | ECONOMIC RECESSION OR DOWNTURN RISK. Many of the Funds investments may be issued by companies susceptible to economic slowdowns or recessions. Therefore, the Funds non-performing assets are likely to increase, and the value of its portfolio is likely to decrease, during these periods. A prolonged recession may result in losses of value in the Funds portfolio and a decrease in the Funds revenues, net income and NAV. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase the Funds funding costs, limit the Funds access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to it on terms it deems acceptable. These events could prevent the Fund from increasing investments and harm the Funds operating results. |
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| Competition For Assets Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | COMPETITION FOR ASSETS RISK. The current lending market in which the Fund participates is competitive and rapidly changing. The Fund may face increasing competition for access to corporate loans and especially direct loans as the lending industry continues to evolve. The Fund may face competition from other institutional lenders such as pooled investment vehicles and commercial banks that are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and other resources than the Fund. These potential competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments than the Fund, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments than the Fund and establish relationships with direct lending managers. A direct lending manager may have similar arrangements with other parties, thereby reducing the potential investments of the Fund through such manager. There can be no assurance that the competitive pressures the Fund may face will not erode the Funds ability to deploy capital. If the Fund is limited in its ability to invest in corporate and/or direct loans, it may be forced to invest in cash, cash equivalents or other assets that may result in lower returns than otherwise may be available through investments in corporate and direct loans. If the Funds access to corporate and/or direct loans is limited, it would also be subject to increased concentration and counterparty risk.
The commercial lending business is highly competitive. Without a sufficient number of new qualified loan requests, there can be no assurances that the Fund will be able to compete effectively for corporate and direct loans with other market participants. General economic factors and market conditions, including the general interest rate environment, unemployment rates, and perceived consumer demand may affect borrower willingness to seek corporate and/or direct loans and investor ability and desire to invest in such loans. |
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| Sourcing Investment Opportunities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SOURCING INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES RISK. On an ongoing basis, it cannot be certain that the Investment Manager will be able to continue to locate a sufficient number of suitable investment opportunities to allow the Fund to fully implement its investment strategy. In addition, privately negotiated investments in loans and illiquid securities of private middle-market companies require substantial due diligence and structuring, and the Fund may not be able to achieve its anticipated investment pace. These factors increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in the Fund. To the extent the Fund is unable to deploy its capital, its investment income and, in turn, the results of its operations, will likely be materially adversely affected. |
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| Dependence On Key Personnel Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL RISK. The Investment Manager may be dependent upon the experience and expertise of certain key personnel in providing services with respect to the Funds investments. If the Investment Manager were to lose the services of these individuals, its ability to service the Fund could be adversely affected. As with any managed fund, the Investment Manager may not be successful in selecting the best-performing securities or investment techniques for the Funds portfolio, and the Funds performance may lag behind that of similar funds. The Investment Manager has informed the Fund that its investment professionals are actively involved in other investment activities not concerning the Fund and will not be able to devote all of their time to the Funds business and affairs. In addition, individuals not currently associated with the Investment Manager may become associated with the Fund, and the performance of the Fund may also depend on the experience and expertise of such individuals. |
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| Risks Of Securities Activities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | RISKS OF SECURITIES ACTIVITIES. The Fund will invest and trade in a variety of different securities and utilize a variety of investment instruments and techniques. Each security and each instrument and technique involves the risk of loss of capital. While the Investment Manager attempts to moderate these risks, there can be no assurance that the Funds investment activities will be successful or that the Shareholders will not suffer losses. |
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| Counterparty Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | COUNTERPARTY RISK. Many of the markets in which the Fund effects its transactions are over the counter or inter-dealer markets. The participants in these markets are typically not subject to credit evaluation and regulatory oversight as are members of exchange based markets. To the extent the Fund invests in swaps, derivative or synthetic instruments, or other over the counter transactions, on these markets, the Fund is assuming a credit risk with regard to parties with whom it trades and may also bear the risk of settlement default. These risks may differ materially from those associated with transactions effected on an exchange, which generally are backed by clearing organization guarantees, daily marking to market and settlement, and segregation and minimum capital requirements applicable to intermediaries. Transactions entered into directly between two counterparties generally do not benefit from such protections. This exposes the Fund to the risk that a counterparty will not settle a transaction in accordance with its terms and conditions because of a dispute over the terms of the contract (whether or not bona fide) or because of a credit or liquidity problem, thus causing the Fund to suffer a loss. Such counterparty risk is accentuated in the case of contracts with longer maturities where events may intervene to prevent settlement, or where the Fund has concentrated its transactions with a single or small group of counterparties. The Fund is not restricted from dealing with any particular counterparty or from concentrating its investments with one counterparty. The ability of the Fund to transact business with any one or number of counterparties, the lack of any independent evaluation of such counterparties financial capabilities and the absence of a regulated market to facilitate settlement may increase the potential for losses by the Fund. |
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| Borrowing Use Of Leverage [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | BORROWING; USE OF LEVERAGE. The Fund may leverage its investments by borrowing. The use of leverage increases both risk of loss and profit potential. The Fund is subject to the Investment Company Act requirement that an investment company satisfy an asset coverage requirement of 300% of its indebtedness, including amounts borrowed measured at the time the investment company incurs the indebtedness. This means that at any given time the value of the Funds total indebtedness may not exceed one-third the value of its total assets (including such indebtedness). The Fund may be required to dispose of assets on unfavorable terms if market fluctuations or other factors reduce the Funds asset coverage to less than the prescribed amount. The interests of persons with whom the Fund enters into leverage arrangements will not necessarily be aligned with the interests of the Shareholders and such persons will have claims on the Funds assets that are senior to those of the Shareholders. In addition to the risks created by the Funds use of leverage, the Fund is subject to the additional risk that it would be unable to timely, or at all, obtain leverage borrowing. The Fund might also be required to de-leverage, selling securities at a potentially inopportune time and incurring tax consequences. Further, the Funds ability to generate income from the use of leverage would be adversely affected. |
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| Debt Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DEBT SECURITIES. Under normal market conditions, the Fund expects to primarily invest directly or indirectly in debt and debt-related securities. One of the fundamental risks associated with such investments is credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer will be unable to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding debt obligations when due. Adverse changes in the financial condition of an issuer or in general economic conditions (or both) may impair the ability of such issuer to make such payments and result in defaults on, and declines in, the value of its debt. The Funds return to Shareholders would be adversely impacted if an issuer of debt securities in which the Fund invests becomes unable to make such payments when due. Other risk factors include interest rate risk (a rise in interest rates causes a decline in the value of debt securities) and prepayment risk (the debtor may pay its obligation early, reducing the amount of interest payments). These risks could affect the value of a particular investment, possibly causing the Funds share price and total return to be reduced and fluctuate more than other types of investments. |
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| Secured Debt [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SECURED DEBT. Secured debt holds the most senior position in the capital structure of a borrower. Secured debt in most circumstances is fully collateralized by assets of the borrower. Thus, it is generally repaid before unsecured bank loans, corporate bonds, subordinated debt, trade creditors, and preferred or common stockholders. However, there is a risk that the collateral securing the Funds loans may decrease in value over time, may be difficult to sell in a timely manner, may be difficult to appraise, and may fluctuate in value based upon the success of the business and market conditions, including as a result of the inability of the borrower to raise additional capital. Also, substantial increases in interest rates may cause an increase in loan defaults as borrowers may lack resources to meet higher debt service requirements. In some circumstances, the Funds security interest could be subordinated to claims of other creditors. In addition, any deterioration in a borrowers financial condition and prospects, including any inability on its part to raise additional capital, may result in the deterioration in the value of the related collateral. Consequently, the fact that debt is secured does not guarantee that the Fund will receive principal and interest payments according to the investment terms or at all, or that the Fund will be able to collect on the investment should the Fund be forced to enforce its remedies. Moreover, the security for the Funds investments in secured debt may not be recognized for a variety of reasons, including the failure to make required filings by lenders, trustees or other responsible parties and, as a result, the Fund may not have priority over other creditors as anticipated.
Secured debt usually includes restrictive covenants, which must be maintained by the borrower. The Fund may have an obligation with respect to certain senior secured term loan investments to make additional loans, including delayed draw term loans and revolving facilities, upon demand by the borrower. Such instruments, unlike certain bonds, usually do not have call protection. This means that such interests, while having a stated term, may be prepaid, often without penalty. The rate of such prepayments may be affected by, among other things, general business and economic conditions, as well as the financial status of the borrower. Prepayment would cause the actual duration of a senior loan to be shorter than its stated maturity.
Secured debt typically will be secured by pledges of collateral from the borrower in the form of tangible and intangible assets. In some instances, the Fund may invest in secured debt that is secured only by stock of the borrower or its subsidiaries or affiliates. The value of the collateral may decline below the principal amount of the senior secured term loans subsequent to an investment by the Fund. |
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| Mezzanine Debt [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | MEZZANINE DEBT. A portion of the Funds debt investments may be made in certain high yield securities known as mezzanine investments, which are subordinated debt securities that may be issued together with an equity security (e.g., with attached warrants). Those mezzanine investments may be issued with or without registration rights. Mezzanine investments can be unsecured and generally subordinate to other obligations of the issuer. The expected average life of the Funds mezzanine investments may be significantly shorter than the maturity of these investments due to prepayment rights. Mezzanine investments share all of the risks of other high yield securities and are subject to greater risk of loss of principal and interest than higher-rated securities. They are also generally considered to be subject to greater risk than securities with higher ratings in the case of deterioration of general economic conditions. Because investors generally perceive that there are greater risks associated with the lower-rated securities, the yields and prices of those securities may tend to fluctuate more than those for higher-rated securities. The Fund does not anticipate a market for its mezzanine investments, which can adversely affect the prices at which these securities can be sold. In addition, adverse publicity and investor perceptions about lower-rated securities, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may be a contributing factor in a decrease in the value and liquidity of those lower-rated securities. Mezzanine securities are often even more subordinated than other high yield debt, as they often represent the most junior debt security in an issuers capital structure. |
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| Equity Investments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | EQUITY INVESTMENTS. Stock markets are volatile, and the prices of equity securities fluctuate based on changes in a companys financial condition and overall market and economic conditions. Equity securities typically have greater price volatility than fixed-income securities. The market price of equity securities may go down, sometimes rapidly or unpredictably. Equity securities may decline in value due to factors affecting securities markets generally, particular industries represented by those markets, or factors related to a specific company, such as decisions made by its management.
When the Fund invests in loans and debt securities, the Fund may acquire warrants, or other equity securities of borrowers as well. The Fund may also invest in warrants, rights and equity securities directly. The Fund may not be able to realize gains from any dispositions of equity interests, and any gains that the Fund does realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses the Fund experiences.
Warrants and rights are types of securities that give a holder a right to purchase shares of common stock. Warrants usually are issued together with a bond or preferred stock and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock at a specified price typically for a period of years. Rights usually have a specified purchase price that is lower than the current market price and entitle a holder to purchase a specified amount of common stock typically for a period of only weeks. Warrants may be used to enhance the marketability of a bond or preferred stock. Warrants do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. Warrants may be considered to have more speculative characteristics than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities, and a warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date, if any.
The potential exercise price of warrants or rights may exceed their market price, such as when there is no movement in the market price or the market price of the common stock declines.
The risks typically associated with warrants and rights include convertible securities risk, counterparty risk, credit risk and market risk. |
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| Inflation Deflation Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | INFLATION/DEFLATION RISK. Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income from the Funds investments will be worth less in the future as inflation decreases the value of payments at future dates. As inflation increases, the real value of the Funds portfolio could decline. Deflation risk is the risk that prices throughout the economy decline over time. Deflation may have an adverse effect on the creditworthiness of issuers and may make issuer default more likely, which may result in a decline in the value of the Funds portfolio. |
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| Extension Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | EXTENSION RISK. Rising interest rates tend to extend the duration of long-term, fixed rate securities, making them more sensitive to changes in interest rates. The value of longer-term securities generally changes more in response to changes in interest rates than shorter-term securities. As a result, in a period of rising interest rates, securities may exhibit additional volatility and may lose value. |
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| Prepayment Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | PREPAYMENT RISK. When interest rates decline, fixed-income securities with stated interest rates may have their principal paid earlier than expected. This may result in the Fund having to reinvest that money at lower prevailing interest rates, which can reduce the returns of the Fund. |
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| Default Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DEFAULT RISK. The ability of the Fund to generate income through its loan investments is dependent upon payments being made by the borrower underlying such loan investments. If a borrower is unable to make its payments on a loan, the Fund may be greatly limited in its ability to recover any outstanding principal and interest under such loan.
A portion of the loans in which the Fund may invest in will not be secured by any collateral, will not be guaranteed or insured by a third party and will not be backed by any governmental authority. The Fund may need to rely on the collection efforts of third parties, which also may be limited in their ability to collect on defaulted loans. The Fund may not have direct recourse against borrowers, may not be able to contact a borrower about a loan and may not be able to pursue borrowers to collect payment under loans. To the extent a loan is secured, there can be no assurance as to the amount of any funds that may be realized from recovering and liquidating any collateral or the timing of such recovery and liquidation and hence there is no assurance that sufficient funds (or, possibly, any funds) will be available to offset any payment defaults that occur under the loans. Loans are credit obligations of the borrowers, and the terms of certain loans may not restrict the borrowers from incurring additional debt. If a borrower incurs additional debt after obtaining a loan through a platform, the additional debt may adversely affect the borrowers creditworthiness generally, and could result in the financial distress, insolvency or bankruptcy of the borrower. This circumstance would ultimately impair the ability of that borrower to make payments on its loans and the Funds ability to receive the principal and interest payments that it expects to receive on such loan. To the extent borrowers incur other indebtedness that is secured, the ability of the secured creditors to exercise remedies against the assets of that borrower may impair the borrowers ability to repay its loans, or it may impair a third partys ability to collect, on behalf of the Fund, on the loan upon default. To the extent that a loan is unsecured, borrowers may choose to repay obligations under other indebtedness (such as loans obtained from traditional lending sources) before repaying an unsecured loan because the borrowers have no collateral at risk. The Fund will not be made aware of any additional debt incurred by a borrower or whether such debt is secured.
If a borrower files for bankruptcy, any pending collection actions will automatically be put on hold and further collection action will not be permitted absent court approval. It is possible that a borrowers liability on its loan will be discharged in bankruptcy. In most cases involving the bankruptcy of a borrower with an unsecured loan, unsecured creditors will receive only a fraction of any amount outstanding on the loan, if anything. |
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| Reinvestment Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | REINVESTMENT RISK. Income from the Funds portfolio will decline if and when the Fund invests the proceeds from matured, traded or called debt obligations at market interest rates that are below the portfolios current earnings rate. For instance, during periods of declining interest rates, an issuer of debt obligations may exercise an option to redeem securities prior to maturity, forcing the Fund to invest in lower-yielding securities. The Fund also may choose to sell higher yielding portfolio securities and to purchase lower yielding securities to achieve greater portfolio diversification because the portfolio managers believe the current holdings are overvalued or for other investment-related reasons. A decline in income received by the Fund from its investments is likely to have a negative effect on dividend levels, NAV and/or overall return of the Shares. |
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| High Yield Debt [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | HIGH YIELD DEBT. The Fund may invest in high yield debt. A substantial portion of the high yield debt in which the Fund intends to invest may be rated below investment-grade by one or more nationally recognized statistical rating organizations or are unrated but of comparable credit quality to obligations rated below investment-grade and have greater credit and liquidity risk than more highly rated debt obligations. Lower-rated securities may include securities that have the lowest rating or are in default. High yield debt is generally unsecured and may be subordinate to other obligations of the obligor. The lower rating of high yield debt reflects a greater possibility that adverse changes in the financial condition of the obligor or in general economic conditions (including, for example, a substantial period of rising interest rates or declining earnings) or both may impair the ability of the obligor to make payment of principal and interest. Many issuers of high yield debt are highly leveraged, and their relatively high debt-to-equity ratios create increased risks that their operations might not generate sufficient cash flow to service their debt obligations. In addition, many issuers of high yield debt may be in poor financial condition, experiencing poor operating results, having substantial capital needs or negative net worth or be facing special competitive or product obsolescence problems, and may include companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganizations or liquidation proceedings. High yield debt may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and individual corporate developments than would investment grade debt securities. Certain of these securities may not be publicly traded, and therefore, it may be difficult to accurately value certain portfolio securities and to obtain information as to the true condition of the issuers. Overall declines in the below investment-grade bond and other markets may adversely affect such issuers by inhibiting their ability to refinance their debt at maturity. High yield debt is often less liquid than higher rated securities. Because investment in high yield debt involves greater investment risk, achievement of the Funds investment objectives will be more dependent on the relevant Investment Managers analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher quality debt securities.
High yield debt is often issued in connection with leveraged acquisitions or recapitalizations in which the issuers incur a substantially higher amount of indebtedness than the level at which they had previously operated. High yield debt has historically experienced greater default rates than has been the case for investment-grade securities. The Fund may also invest in equity securities issued by entities with unrated or below investment-grade debt.
High yield debt may also be in the form of zero-coupon or deferred interest bonds, which are bonds that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The original discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the first interest accrual date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. While zero-coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest, deferred interest bonds generally provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. Such investments experience greater volatility in market value due to changes in the interest rates than bonds that provide for regular payments of interest.
Investing in lower-rated securities involves special risks in addition to the risks associated with investments in higher-rated fixed-income securities, including a high degree of credit risk. Lower-rated securities may be regarded as predominately speculative with respect to the issuers continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers/issues of lower-rated securities may be more complex than for issuers/issues of higher quality debt securities. Securities that are in the lowest rating category are considered to have extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing, to have a current identifiable vulnerability to default and/or to be unlikely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The secondary markets on which lower-rated securities are traded may be less liquid than the market for higher grade securities. Less liquidity in the secondary trading markets could adversely affect and cause large fluctuations in the value of the Funds portfolio. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower-rated securities, especially in a thinly traded market.
The use of credit ratings as the sole method of evaluating lower-rated securities can involve certain risks. For example, credit ratings evaluate the safety of principal and interest payments, not the market value risk of lower-rated securities. Also, credit rating agencies may fail to change credit ratings in a timely fashion to reflect events since the security was rated, thus an issuers current financial condition may be better or worse than a rating indicates. In addition, rating agencies are subject to an inherent conflict of interest because they are often compensated by the same issuers whose securities they grade. |
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| Specialty Finance And Other Financial Companies Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SPECIALTY FINANCE AND OTHER FINANCIAL COMPANIES RISK. The profitability of specialty finance and other financial companies is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of capital funds and may fluctuate significantly in response to changes in interest rates, as well as changes in general economic conditions. Any impediments to a specialty finance or other financial companys access to capital markets, such as those caused by general economic conditions or a negative perception in the capital markets of the companys financial condition or prospects, could adversely affect such companys business. From time to time, severe competition may also affect the profitability of specialty finance and other financial companies. Specialty finance and other financial companies are subject to rapid business changes, significant competition, value fluctuations due to the concentration of loans in particular industries significantly affected by economic conditions (such as real estate or energy) and volatile performance based upon the availability and cost of capital and prevailing interest rates. In addition, credit and other losses resulting from the financial difficulties of borrowers or other third parties potentially may have an adverse effect on companies in these industries. Credit losses or mergers, acquisitions, or bankruptcies of financial firms could make it difficult for specialty finance and other financial companies to obtain financing on favorable terms or at all, which would seriously affect the profitability of such firms. Furthermore, accounting rule changes, including with respect to the standards regarding the valuation of assets, consolidation in the financial industry and additional volatility in the stock market have the potential to significantly impact specialty finance companies as well.
Specialty finance and other financial companies in general are subject to extensive governmental regulation, which may change frequently. Regulatory changes could cause business disruptions or result in significant loss of revenue to companies in which the Fund invests, and there can be no assurance as to the actual impact that these laws and their regulations will have on the financial markets and the Funds investments in specialty finance and other financial companies. Specialty finance and other financial companies in a given country may be subject to greater governmental regulation than many other industries, and changes in governmental policies and the need for regulatory approval may have a material effect on the services offered by companies in the financial services industry. Governmental regulation may limit both the financial commitments banks can make, including the amounts and types of loans, and the interest rates and fees they can charge. In addition, governmental regulation in certain foreign countries may impose interest rate controls, credit controls and price controls.
Under current regulations of the SEC, the Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any company that derives more than 15% of its gross revenues from securities brokerage, underwriting or investment management activities. In addition, the Fund may not acquire more than 5% of the outstanding equity securities, or more than 10% of the outstanding principal amount of debt securities, of any such company. This may limit the Funds ability to invest in certain specialty finance and other financial companies. |
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| Distressed Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DISTRESSED SECURITIES. Certain of the companies in whose securities the Fund may invest may be in transition, out of favor, financially leveraged or troubled, or potentially troubled, and may be or have recently been involved in major strategic actions, restructurings, bankruptcy, reorganization or liquidation. The characteristics of these companies can cause their securities to be particularly risky, although they also may offer the potential for high returns. These companies securities may be considered speculative, and the ability of the companies to pay their debts on schedule could be affected by adverse interest rate movements, changes in the general economic factors affecting a particular industry or specific developments within the companies. Such investments can result in significant or even total losses. In addition, the markets for distressed investment assets are frequently illiquid. Also, among the risks inherent in investments in a troubled issuer is that it frequently may be difficult to obtain information as to the true financial condition of such issuer. The Investment Managers judgments about the credit quality of a financially distressed issuer and the relative value of its securities may prove to be wrong.
In liquidation (both in and out of bankruptcy) and other forms of corporate reorganization, there exists the risk that the reorganization either will be unsuccessful (due to, for example, failure to obtain requisite approvals), will be delayed (for example, until various liabilities, actual or contingent, have been satisfied) or will result in a distribution of cash or a new security the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the security in respect to which such distribution was made. Consequently, the Fund will be subject to significant uncertainty as to when, and in what manner, and for what value obligations evidenced by securities of financially distressed issuers will eventually be satisfied (e.g., through a liquidation of the issuers assets, an exchange offer or plan of reorganization, or a payment of some amount in satisfaction of the obligation). In certain transactions, the Fund may not be hedged against market fluctuations, or, in liquidation situations, may not accurately value the assets of the company being liquidated. This can result in losses, even if the proposed transaction is consummated. |
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| Valuation Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | VALUATION RISK. Unlike publicly traded common stock which trades on national exchanges, there is no central place or exchange for most of the Funds investments to trade. Due to the lack of centralized information and trading, the valuation of loans or fixed-income instruments may result in more risk than that of common stock. Uncertainties in the conditions of the financial market, unreliable reference data, lack of transparency and inconsistency of valuation models and processes may lead to inaccurate asset pricing. In addition, other market participants may value securities differently than the Fund. As a result, the Fund may be subject to the risk that when an instrument is sold in the market, the amount received by the Fund is less than the value of such loans or fixed-income instruments carried on the Funds books.
Shareholders should recognize that valuations of illiquid assets involve various judgments and consideration of factors that may be subjective. As a result, the NAV of the Fund, as determined based on the fair value of its investments, may vary from the amount ultimately received by the Fund from its investments. This could adversely affect Shareholders whose Shares are repurchased as well as new Shareholders and remaining Shareholders. For example, in certain cases, the Fund might receive less than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a dilution of the value of the Shares of Shareholders who do not tender their Shares in any coincident repurchase offer and a windfall to tendering Shareholders; in other cases, the Fund might receive more than the fair value of its investment, resulting in a windfall to Shareholders remaining in the Fund, but a shortfall to tendering Shareholders.
There may not exist readily available market quotations for certain of the Funds investments including, in particular, the Underlying Funds. The most relevant information may often be provided by the issuer of such investments, which information could be extremely limited and outdated, and it may be difficult or impossible to confirm or review the accuracy of such information. Further, the issuer of such investments may face a conflict of interest in providing information or valuations to the Fund. |
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| Underlying Fund Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | UNDERLYING FUND RISK. The Fund will incur higher and duplicative expenses, including advisory fees, when it invests in Underlying Funds. There is also the risk that the Fund may suffer losses due to the investment practices of the Underlying Funds (such as the use of derivatives). The ETFs in which the Fund may invest that attempt to track an index may not be able to replicate exactly the performance of the indices they track, due to transactions costs and other expenses of the ETFs. The existence of extreme market volatility or potential lack of an active trading market for an ETFs or closed-end funds shares could result in such shares trading at a significant premium or discount to their NAV (the amount that an ETF or closed-end fund is trading above or below its NAV) and may increase the funds bid-ask spread (the difference between the offer/sell price and purchase/buy price of a security). The shares of listed closed-end funds may also frequently trade at a discount to their NAV. There can be no assurance that the market discount on shares of any closed-end fund purchased by the Fund will ever decrease, and it is possible that the discount may increase.
The Fund may invest in the securities of other investment companies to the extent that such investments are consistent with the Funds investment objectives and permissible under the Investment Company Act. Under one provision of the Investment Company Act, the Fund may not acquire the securities of other investment companies if, as a result, (i) more than 10% of the Funds total assets would be invested in securities of other investment companies, (ii) such purchase would result in more than 3% of the total outstanding voting securities of any one investment company being held by the Fund or (iii) more than 5% of the Funds total assets would be invested in any one investment company. In some instances, the Fund may invest in an investment company in excess of these limits. For example, the Fund may invest in other registered investment companies, such as mutual funds, closed-end funds and ETFs, and in BDCs in excess of the statutory limits imposed by the Investment Company Act in reliance on Rule 12d1-4 under the Investment Company Act. These investments would be subject to the applicable conditions of Rule 12d1-4, which in part would affect or otherwise impose certain limits on the investments and operations of the underlying fund. Accordingly, if the Fund serves as an underlying fund to another investment company, the Funds ability to invest in other investment companies, private funds and other investment vehicles may be limited and, under these circumstances, the Funds investments in other investment companies, private funds and other investment vehicles will be consistent with applicable law and/or exemptive relief obtained from the SEC. The requirements of Rule 12d1-4 have been implemented by the Fund with respect to its fund of funds arrangements. |
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| Private Investment Funds Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | PRIVATE INVESTMENT FUNDS RISK. The Fund may invest in private investment funds that are not registered as investment companies. As a result, the Fund as an investor in these funds would not have the benefit of certain protections afforded to investors in registered investment companies. The Fund may not have the same amount of information about the identity, value, or performance of the private investment funds investments as such private investment funds managers. Investments in private investment funds generally will be illiquid and generally may not be transferred without the consent of the fund. The Fund may be unable to liquidate its investment in a private investment fund when desired (and may incur losses as a result) or may be required to sell such investment regardless of whether it desires to do so. Upon its withdrawal of all or a portion of its interest in a private investment fund, the Fund may receive securities that are illiquid or difficult to value. The Fund may not be able to withdraw from a private investment fund except at certain designated times, thereby limiting the ability of the Fund to withdraw assets from the private fund due to poor performance or other reasons. The fees paid by private investment funds to their advisers and general partners or managing members often are higher than those paid by registered funds and generally include a percentage of gains. The Fund will bear its proportionate share of the management fees and other expenses that are charged by a private investment fund in addition to the management fees and other expenses paid by the Fund. Certain private investment funds may be newly formed entities that have no operating histories or limited operating histories and the information the Fund will obtain about such investments may be limited. As such, the ability of the Investment Manager to evaluate past performance or to validate the investment strategies of such private investment will be limited. Moreover, even to the extent a private investment has a longer operating history, the past investment performance of any of the private investments should not be construed as an indication of the future results of such investments or the Fund, particularly as the investment professionals responsible for the performance of such investments may change over time. This risk is related to, and enhanced by, the risks created by the fact that the Investment Manager relies upon information provided to it by the issuer of the securities it receives or the managers of the Underlying Funds (as applicable) that is not, and cannot be, independently verified.
The valuation of the Funds investments in underlying private funds is ordinarily determined based upon valuations calculated by the Administrator (defined below), in accordance with valuation procedures approved by the Board and based on information provided by the underlying private funds or their respective administrators. Although the Investment Manager reviews the valuation procedures used by the managers to the underlying private funds, neither the Investment Manager nor the Administrator can confirm or review the accuracy of valuations provided by the underlying private funds or their administrators. An underlying private fund may face a conflict of interest in valuing such securities since their values will affect the managers compensation.
The managers of underlying private funds often have broad indemnification rights and limitations on liability. The Fund may also agree to indemnify certain of the underlying private funds and, subject to certain limitations imposed by the Investment Company Act and the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), their underlying managers from any liability, damage, cost, or expense arising out of, among other things, certain acts or omissions relating to the offer or sale of the shares of underlying private funds.
The Fund will invest in underlying private funds that it believes will generally, and in the aggregate, be managed in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objective and strategy. The Investment Manager will not have any control over the underlying managers of the private funds, and thus, there can be no assurances that a manger will manage its private funds in a manner consistent with the Funds investment objective. |
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| Foreign Investment Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | FOREIGN INVESTMENT RISK. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies may affect their values in U.S. dollar terms. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up, compared to a foreign currency, a loan payable in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation, and political developments. The Fund may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but the Fund can offer no assurance that the Fund will, in fact, hedge currency risk or, that if the Fund does, such strategies will be effective.
The political, economic, and social structure of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the United States. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. A government may take over assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise stockholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Funds investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and to take into account with respect to the Funds investments in foreign securities. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign stock exchanges, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the United States. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Funds assets) may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies, and some countries may lack uniform accounting and auditing standards. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices. Dividend and interest income from foreign securities may be subject to withholding taxes by the country in which the issuer is located, and the Fund may not be able to pass through to its Shareholders foreign tax credits or deductions with respect to these taxes. |
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| Emerging Markets Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | EMERGING MARKETS SECURITIES RISK. The Fund may invest in foreign securities of issuers in so-called emerging markets (or less developed countries). Such investments are particularly speculative and entail all of the risks of investing in foreign securities but to a heightened degree. Emerging market countries generally include all countries in the following regions: Asia (excluding Japan), Eastern Europe, Middle East, Africa and Latin America, or such countries as reasonably determined by the Investment Manager from time to time. Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets present risks not found in securities of issuers in more developed markets. Securities of issuers in emerging and developing markets may be more difficult to sell at acceptable prices and their prices may be more volatile than securities of issuers in more developed markets. Settlements of securities trades in emerging and developing markets may be subject to greater delays than in other markets so that the Fund might not receive the proceeds of a sale of a security on a timely basis. Emerging markets generally have less developed trading markets and exchanges and legal and accounting systems. In addition, emerging markets countries may have more or less government regulation and generally do not impose as extensive and frequent accounting, auditing, financial and other reporting requirements as the securities markets of more developed countries. As a result, there could be less information available about issuers in emerging market countries, which could negatively affect the Investment Managers ability to evaluate local companies or their potential impact on the Funds performance. Further, investments in securities of issuers located in certain emerging countries involve the risk of loss resulting from problems in share registration, settlement or custody, substantial economic, political and social disruptions and the imposition of exchange controls (including repatriation restrictions). The legal remedies for investors in emerging markets may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S., and the ability of U.S. authorities (e.g., SEC and the U.S. Department of Justice) to bring actions against bad actors may be limited. |
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| Foreign Currency Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK. The Fund may engage in practices and strategies that will result in exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, in which case the Fund will be subject to foreign currency risk. The Shares are priced in U.S. dollars and the distributions paid by the Fund to Shareholders are paid in U.S. dollars. However, a portion of the Funds assets may be denominated directly in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or in securities that trade in, and receive revenues in, foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, or in derivatives that provide exposure to foreign (non-U.S.) currencies, it will be subject to the risk that those currencies will decline in value relative to the U.S. dollar, or, in the case of hedging positions, that the U.S. dollar will decline in value relative to the currency being hedged.
Currency rates in foreign (non-U.S.) countries may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time for a number of reasons, including changes in interest rates, rates of inflation, balance of payments and governmental surpluses or deficits, intervention (or the failure to intervene) by U.S. or foreign (non-U.S.) governments, central banks or supranational entities such as the International Monetary Fund, or by the imposition of currency controls or other political developments in the United States or abroad. These fluctuations may have a significant adverse impact on the value of the Funds portfolio and/or the level of Fund distributions made to Shareholders. The Fund intends to hedge exposure to reduce the risk of loss due to fluctuations in currency exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar. There is no assurance, however, that these strategies will be available or will be used by the Fund or, if used, that they will be successful. As a result, the Funds investments in foreign currency-denominated securities may reduce the returns of the Fund.
Currency risk may be particularly high to the extent that the Fund invests in foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engages in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to emerging market countries. These currency transactions may present market, credit, currency, liquidity, legal, political and other risks different from, or greater than, the risks of investing in developed foreign (non-U.S.) currencies or engaging in foreign currency transactions that are economically tied to developed foreign countries. |
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| Illiquid Portfolio Of Investments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | ILLIQUID PORTFOLIO OF INVESTMENTS. The Fund is expected to invest in securities that are subject to legal or other restrictions on transfer or for which no liquid market exists. The Fund may make investments that may become less liquid in response to market developments or geopolitical events such as sanctions, trading halts or wars, or adverse investor perceptions. The market prices, if any, for restricted and illiquid securities may be volatile and the Fund may not be able to sell them when the Investment Manager desires to do so or to realize what the Investment Manager perceives to be their fair value in the event of a sale. The sale of such securities often requires more time and results in higher brokerage charges or dealer discounts and other selling expenses than does the sale of securities eligible for trading on national securities exchanges or in the over the counter markets. Restricted securities may sell at prices that are lower than similar securities that are not subject to restrictions on resale.
Investors acquiring direct loans hoping to recoup their entire principal must generally hold their loans through maturity. Direct loans may not be registered under the Securities Act and are not listed on any securities exchange. Accordingly, those loan investments may not be transferred unless they are first registered under the Securities Act and all applicable state or foreign securities laws or the transfer qualifies for an exemption from such registration. A reliable secondary market has yet to develop, nor may one ever develop for direct loans and, as such, these investments should be considered illiquid. Until an active secondary market develops, the Fund intends to primarily hold its direct loans until maturity. The Fund may not be able to sell any of its direct loans even under circumstances when the Investment Manager believes it would be in the best interests of the Fund to sell such investments. In such circumstances, the overall returns to the Fund from its direct loans may be adversely affected. Moreover, certain direct loans may be subject to certain additional significant restrictions on transferability. Although the Fund may attempt to increase its liquidity by borrowing from a bank or other institution, its assets may not readily be accepted as collateral for such borrowing. |
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| Convertible Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities are hybrid securities that have characteristics of both bonds and common stocks and are subject to risks associated with both debt securities and equity securities. Convertible securities are similar to fixed-income securities because they usually pay a fixed interest rate (or dividend) and are obligated to repay principal on a given date in the future. The market value of fixed-income and preferred securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and tends to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities have characteristics of a fixed-income security and are particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates when their conversion value is lower than the value of the bond or preferred share. Fixed income and preferred securities also are subject to credit risk, which is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. In addition, the Fund may invest in fixed-income and preferred securities rated less than investment grade that are sometimes referred to as high yield. These securities are speculative investments that carry greater risks and are more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than higher quality securities. Fixed income and preferred securities also may be subject to prepayment or redemption risk. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to surrender the security for redemption, convert it into the issuing companys common stock or cash or sell it to a third party at a time that may be unfavorable to the Fund. Such securities also may be subject to resale restrictions. The lack of a liquid market for these securities could decrease the Funds share price. Convertible securities with a conversion value that is the same as the value of the bond or preferred share have characteristics similar to common stocks. The price of equity securities may rise or fall because of economic or political changes. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods of time. Market prices of equity securities in broad market segments may be adversely affected by a prominent issuer having experienced losses or by the lack of earnings or such an issuers failure to meet the markets expectations with respect to new products or services, or even by factors wholly unrelated to the value or condition of the issuer, such as changes in interest rates. |
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| Second Lien And Subordinated Loans [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SECOND LIEN AND SUBORDINATED LOANS. The Fund may invest in secured subordinated loans, including second and lower lien loans. Second lien loans are generally second in line in terms of repayment priority. A second lien loan may have a claim on the same collateral pool as the first lien or it may be secured by a separate set of assets. Second lien loans generally give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale. The priority of the collateral claims of third or lower lien loans ranks below holders of second lien loans and so on. Such junior loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrowers capital structure and possible unsecured or partially secured status, such loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower. In addition, the rights the Fund may have with respect to the collateral securing the loans the Fund makes to borrowers with senior debt outstanding may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements that the Fund may enter into with the holders of such senior debt. Under a typical intercreditor agreement, at any time that obligations that have the benefit of the first priority liens are outstanding, any of the following actions that may be taken in respect of the collateral will be at the direction of the holders of the obligations secured by the first priority liens: (i) the ability to cause the commencement of enforcement proceedings against the collateral; (ii) the ability to control the conduct of such proceedings; (iii) the approval of amendments to collateral documents; (iv) releases of liens on the collateral; and (v) waivers of past defaults under collateral documents. The Fund may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if the Funds rights are adversely affected. |
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| Unsecured Loans [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | UNSECURED LOANS. The Fund may make unsecured loans to borrowers, meaning that such loans will not benefit from any interest in collateral of such borrowers. Liens on such a borrowers collateral, if any, will secure the borrowers obligations under its outstanding secured debt and may secure certain future debt that is permitted to be incurred by the borrower under its secured loan agreements. The holders of obligations secured by such liens will generally control the liquidation of, and be entitled to receive proceeds from, any realization of such collateral to repay their obligations in full before the Fund. In addition, the value of such collateral in the event of liquidation will depend on market and economic conditions, the availability of buyers and other factors. There can be no assurance that the proceeds, if any, from sales of such collateral would be sufficient to satisfy the Funds unsecured loan obligations after payment in full of all secured loan obligations. If such proceeds were not sufficient to repay the outstanding secured loan obligations, then the Funds unsecured claims generally would rank equally with the unpaid portion of such secured creditors claims against the borrowers remaining assets, if any. |
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| P I K Interest [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | PIK INTEREST. To the extent that the Fund invests in loans with a payment in kind (PIK) interest component and the accretion of PIK interest constitutes a portion of the Funds income, the Fund will be exposed to risks associated with the requirement to include such non-cash income in taxable and accounting income prior to receipt of cash, including the following: (i) loans with a PIK interest component may have higher interest rates that reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; (ii) loans with a PIK interest component may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require continuing judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; (iii) the deferral of PIK interest increases the loan-to-value ratio, which is a fundamental measure of loan risk; and (iv) even if the accounting conditions for PIK interest accrual are met, the borrower could still default when the borrowers actual payment is due at the maturity of the loan. |
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| Direct Lending Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | DIRECT LENDING RISK. To the extent the Fund is the sole lender in privately offered debt, it may be solely responsible for the expense of servicing that debt, including, if necessary, taking legal actions to foreclose on any security instrument securing the debt (e.g., the mortgage or, in the case of a mezzanine loan, the pledge). This may increase the risk and expense to the Fund compared to syndicated or publicly offered debt. |
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| Covenant Lite Loans Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | COVENANT-LITE LOANS RISK. Although many of the Funds loan investments are expected to include both incurrence and maintenance-based covenants, there may be instances in which the Fund invests in covenant-lite loans, which means the obligation contains fewer maintenance covenants than other obligations, or no maintenance covenants, and may not include terms which allow the lender to monitor the performance of the borrower and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. An investment by the Fund in a covenant-lite loan may potentially hinder the ability to reprice credit risk associated with the issuer and reduce the ability to restructure a problematic loan and mitigate potential loss. As a result, the Funds exposure to losses may be increased, which could result in an adverse impact on the Funds revenues, net income and NAV. |
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| Lender Liability Considerations And Equitable Subordination [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | LENDER LIABILITY CONSIDERATIONS AND EQUITABLE SUBORDINATION. A number of U.S. judicial decisions have upheld judgments obtained by borrowers against lending institutions on the basis of various evolving legal theories, collectively termed lender liability. Generally, lender liability is founded on the premise that a lender has violated a duty (whether implied or contractual) of good faith, commercial reasonableness and fair dealing, or a similar duty owed to the borrower or has assumed an excessive degree of control over the borrower resulting in the creation of a fiduciary duty owed to the borrower or its other creditors or shareholders. Because of the nature of its investments, the Fund may be subject to allegations of lender liability.
In addition, under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender or bondholder (a) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, (b) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors, (c) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors or (d) uses its influence as a stockholder to dominate or control a borrower to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors, a remedy called equitable subordination.
Because affiliates of, or persons related to, the Investment Manager may hold equity or other interests in obligors of the Fund, the Fund could be exposed to claims for equitable subordination or lender liability or both based on such equity or other holdings. |
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| Bank Loans [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | BANK LOANS. The Fund may invest in loans originated by banks and other financial institutions. The loans invested in by the Fund may include term loans and revolving loans, may pay interest at a fixed or floating rate and may be senior or subordinated. Special risks associated with investments in bank loans and participations include (i) the possible invalidation of an investment transaction as a fraudulent conveyance under relevant creditors rights laws, (ii) so-called lender-liability claims by the issuer of the obligations, (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations, (iv) the risk that bank loans may not be securities and therefore may not have the protections afforded by the federal securities laws, and (v) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations. Successful claims in respect of such matters may reduce the cash flow and/or market value of the investment. In addition, the bank loan market may face illiquidity and volatility. There can be no assurance that future levels of supply and demand in bank loan trading will provide an adequate degree of liquidity, or the market will not experience periods of significant illiquidity in the future.
In addition to the special risks generally associated with investments in bank loans described above, the Funds investments in second-lien and unsecured bank loans will entail additional risks, including (i) the subordination of the Funds claims to a senior lien in terms of the coverage and recovery from the collateral and (ii) with respect to second-lien loans, the prohibition of or limitation on the right to foreclose on a second-lien or exercise other rights as a second-lien holder, and with respect to unsecured loans, the absence of any collateral on which the Fund may foreclose to satisfy its claim in whole or in part. In certain cases, therefore, no recovery may be available from a defaulted second-lien or unsecured loan. The Funds investments in bank loans of below investment grade companies also entail specific risks associated with investments in non-investment grade securities. |
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| Loan Participations and Assignments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | LOAN PARTICIPATIONS AND ASSIGNMENTS. The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of sale or assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a lender under the credit agreement with respect to the debt obligation; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation interests in a portion of a debt obligation typically result in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest, not with the borrower. In purchasing participations, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the borrower with the terms of the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the borrower, and the Fund may not directly benefit from the collateral supporting the debt obligation in which it has purchased the participation. As a result, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the borrower and the institution selling the participation. A selling institution voting in connection with a potential waiver of a default by a borrower may have interests different from those of the Fund, and the selling institution might not consider the interests of the Fund in connection with its vote. Notwithstanding the foregoing, many participation agreements with respect to loans provide that the selling institution may not vote in favor of any amendment, modification or waiver that forgives principal, interest or fees, reduces principal, interest or fees that are payable, postpones any payment of principal (whether a scheduled payment or a mandatory prepayment), interest or fees or releases any material guarantee or collateral without the consent of the participant (at least to the extent the participant would be affected by any such amendment, modification or waiver). In addition, many participation agreements with respect to loans that provide voting rights to the participant further provide that if the participant does not vote in favor of amendments, modifications or waivers, the selling institution may repurchase such participation at par. |
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| Non Performing Loans [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | NON-PERFORMING LOANS. The Fund may invest in non-performing and sub-performing loans which often involve workout negotiations, restructuring and the possibility of foreclosure. These processes are often lengthy and expensive. In addition, the Funds investments may include securities and debt obligations of financially distressed issuers, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. As a result, the Funds investments may be subject to additional bankruptcy related risks and returns on such investments may not be realized for a considerable period of time. |
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| Asset Backed Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES RISK. Asset-backed securities often involve risks that are different from or more acute than risks associated with other types of debt instruments. For instance, asset-backed securities may be particularly sensitive to changes in prevailing interest rates. In addition, the underlying assets are subject to prepayments that shorten the securities weighted average maturity and may lower their return. Asset-backed securities are also subject to risks associated with their structure and the nature of the assets underlying the security and the servicing of those assets. Payment of interest and repayment of principal on asset-backed securities is largely dependent upon the cash flows generated by the assets backing the securities and, in certain cases, supported by letters of credit, surety bonds or other credit enhancements. The values of asset-backed securities may be substantially dependent on the servicing of the underlying asset pools and are therefore subject to risks associated with the negligence by, or defalcation of, their servicers. Furthermore, debtors may be entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws with respect to the assets underlying these securities, which may give the debtor the right to avoid or reduce payment. In addition, due to their often complicated structures, various asset-backed securities may be difficult to value and may constitute illiquid investments. If many borrowers on the underlying loans default, losses could exceed the credit enhancement level and result in losses to investors in asset-backed securities.
An investment in subordinated (residual) classes of asset-backed securities is typically considered to be an illiquid and highly speculative investment, as losses on the underlying assets are first absorbed by the subordinated classes. The risks associated with an investment in such subordinated classes of asset-backed securities include credit risk, regulatory risk pertaining to the Funds ability to collect on such securities and liquidity risk. |
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| Collateralized Loan Obligations C L O S And Collateralized Debt Obligations C D O S [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | COLLATERALIZED LOAN OBLIGATIONS (CLOs) AND COLLATERALIZED DEBT OBLIGATIONS (CDOs). The Fund may invest in CLOs and CDOs. CLOs and CDOs are created by the grouping of certain private loans and other lender assets/collateral into pools. A sponsoring organization establishes a special purpose vehicle (SPV) to hold the assets/collateral and issue securities. Interests in these pools are sold as individual securities. Payments of principal and interest are passed through to investors and are typically supported by some form of credit enhancement, such as a letter of credit, surety bond, limited guaranty or senior/subordination. Payments from the asset pools may be divided into several different tranches of debt securities, offering investors various maturity and credit risk characteristics. Some tranches entitled to receive regular installments of principal and interest, other tranches entitled to receive regular installments of interest, with principal payable at maturity or upon specified call dates, and other tranches only entitled to receive payments of principal and accrued interest at maturity or upon specified call dates. Different tranches of securities will bear different interest rates, which may be fixed or floating.
Investors in CLOs and CDOs bear the credit risk of the assets/collateral. Tranches are categorized as senior, mezzanine, and subordinated/equity, according to their degree of credit risk. If there are defaults or the CDOs collateral otherwise underperforms, scheduled payments to senior tranches take precedence over those of mezzanine tranches, and scheduled payments to mezzanine tranches take precedence over those to subordinated/equity tranches. Senior and mezzanine tranches are typically rated, with the former receiving S&P Global Ratings (S&P) ratings of A to AAA and the latter receiving ratings of B to BBB. The ratings reflect both the credit quality of underlying collateral as well as how much protection a given tranche is afforded by tranches that are subordinate to it.
Because the loans held in the pool often may be prepaid without penalty or premium, CLOs and CDOs can be subject to higher prepayment risks than most other types of debt instruments. Prepayments may result in a capital loss to the Fund to the extent that the prepaid securities purchased at a market discount from their stated principal amount will accelerate the recognition of interest income by the Fund, which would be taxed as ordinary income when distributed to the Shareholders. The credit characteristics of CLOs and CDOs also differ in a number of respects from those of traditional debt securities. The credit quality of most CLOs and CDOs depends primarily upon the credit quality of the assets/collateral underlying such securities, how well the entity issuing the securities is insulated from the credit risk of the originator or any other affiliated entities, and the amount and quality of any credit enhancement to such securities.
CLOs and CDOs are typically privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws, which means less information about the security may be available as compared to publicly offered securities and only certain institutions may buy and sell them. As a result, investments in CLOs and CDOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. An active dealer market may exist for CLOs and CDOs that can be resold in Rule 144A transactions, but there can be no assurance that such a market will exist or will be active enough for the Fund to sell such securities.
In addition to the typical risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities, CLOs and CDOs carry other risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the collateral may default, decline in value or quality, or be downgraded by a rating agency; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of CLOs and CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches, diminishing the likelihood of payment; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) risk of forced fire sale liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (vi) the manager of the CLO or CDO may perform poorly. |
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| Structured Products [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | STRUCTURED PRODUCTS. The CLOs and other CDOs in which the Fund may invest are structured products. Holders of structured products bear risks of the underlying assets and are subject to counterparty risk.
The Fund may have the right to receive payments only from the structured product and generally does not have direct rights against the issuer or the entity that sold the assets to be securitized. While certain structured products enable the investor to acquire interests in a pool of securities without the brokerage and other expenses associated with directly holding the same securities, investors in structured products generally pay their share of the structured products administrative and other expenses. Although it is difficult to predict whether the prices of assets underlying structured products will rise or fall, these prices (and, therefore, the prices of structured products) will be influenced by the same types of political and economic events that affect issuers of securities and capital markets generally. If the issuer of a structured product uses shorter-term financing to purchase longer-term securities, the issuer may be forced to sell its securities at below-market prices if it experiences difficulty in obtaining short-term financing, which may adversely affect the value of the structured products owned by the Fund.
Certain structured products may be thinly traded or have a limited trading market. CLOs, CDOs and credit-linked notes are typically privately offered and sold. As a result, investments in structured products may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities. In addition to the general risks associated with fixed-income securities, structured products carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) the possibility that the investments in structured products are subordinate to other classes or tranches thereof; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; (v) a forced fire sale liquidation may occur due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures and (vi) the manager of the CLO or CDO may perform poorly. |
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| Warehouse Investment Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | WAREHOUSE INVESTMENT RISK. The Fund may invest in Warehouses, which are financing structures created prior to and in anticipation of CLO or CDO closings and issuing securities and are intended to aggregate direct loans, corporate loans and/or other debt obligations that may be used to form the basis of CLO or CDO vehicles. To finance the acquisition of a Warehouses assets, a financing facility (a Warehouse Facility) is often opened by (i) the entity or affiliates of the entity that will become the collateral manager of the CLO or CDO upon its closing and/or (ii) third-party investors that may or may not invest in the CLO or CDO. The period from the date that a Warehouse is opened and asset accumulation begins to the date that the CLO or CDO closes is commonly referred to as the warehousing period. In practice, investments in Warehouses (Warehouse Investments) are structured in a variety of legal forms, including subscriptions for equity interests or subordinated debt investments in SPVs that obtain a Warehouse Facility secured by the assets acquired in anticipation of a CLO or CDO closing.
A Warehouse Investment generally bears the risk that (i) the warehoused assets (typically senior secured corporate loans) will drop in value during the warehousing period, (ii) certain of the warehoused assets default or for another reason are not permitted to be included in a CLO or CDO and a loss is incurred upon their disposition, and (iii) the anticipated CLO or CDO is delayed past the maturity date of the related Warehouse Facility or does not close at all, and, in either case, losses are incurred upon disposition of all of the warehoused assets. In the case of (iii), a particular CLO or CDO may not close for many reasons, including as a result of a market-wide material adverse change, a manager-related material adverse change or the discretion of the manager or the underwriter. There can be no assurance that a CLO or CDO related to Warehouse Investments will be consummated. In the event a planned CLO or CDO is not consummated, investors in a Warehouse (which may include the Fund) may be responsible for either holding or disposing of the warehoused assets. Because leverage is typically used in Warehouses, the potential risk of loss may be increased for the owners of Warehouse Investments. This could expose the Fund to losses, including in some cases a complete loss of all capital invested in a Warehouse Investment.
The Fund may be an investor in Warehouse Investments and in CLOs or CDOs that acquire warehoused assets, including from Warehouses in which the Fund has directly or indirectly invested. This involves certain conflicts and risks. Because the Fund would hold a direct interest in the warehoused assets and an interest through its investment in the CDO/CLO, there is a potential for the Fund to have exposure to the same portfolio company through two structures with interests that do not completely align. In such cases, the Investment Manager would make any investment management decisions with respect to such investments in a manner that it believes is in the Funds best interests overall.
The Warehouse Investments represent leveraged investments in the underlying assets of a Warehouse. Therefore, the value of a Warehouse Investment is often affected by, among other things, (i) changes in the market value of the underlying assets of the Warehouse; (ii) distributions, defaults, recoveries, capital gains, capital losses and prepayments on the underlying assets of the Warehouse; and (iii) the prices, interest rates and availability of eligible assets for reinvestment. Due to the leveraged nature of a Warehouse Investment, a significant portion (and in some circumstances all) of the Warehouse Investments made by the Fund may not be repaid. |
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| Municipal Obligations Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | MUNICIPAL OBLIGATIONS RISK. The Fund (or Underlying Fund) may invest in municipal bonds. Municipal bonds are debt obligations issued by the states, possessions, or territories of the United States (including the District of Columbia) or a political subdivision, public instrumentality, agency, public authority or other governmental unit of such states, possessions, or territories (e.g., counties, cities, towns, villages, districts and authorities). Certain of the municipal obligations in which the Fund (or Underlying Funds) may invest, present their own distinct risks. These risks may depend, among other things, on the financial situation of the government issuer, or in the case of industrial development bonds and similar securities, on that of the entity supplying the revenues that are intended to repay the obligations. It is also possible that, as a result of litigation or other conditions, the power or ability of issuers or those other entities to meet their obligations for the repayment of principal and payment of interest may be materially and adversely affected. States, possessions, territories and municipalities may issue municipal bonds to raise funds for various public purposes such as airports, housing, hospitals, mass transportation, schools, water and sewer works, gas, and electric utilities. They may also issue municipal bonds to refund outstanding obligations and to meet general operating expenses. Municipal bonds may be general obligation bonds or revenue bonds. General obligation bonds are secured by the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue bonds are payable from revenues derived from particular facilities, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or from other specific revenue sources. They are not usually payable from the general taxing power of a municipality. In addition, certain types of private activity bonds may be issued by public authorities to obtain funding for privately operated facilities, such as housing and pollution control facilities, for industrial facilities and for water supply, gas, electricity and waste disposal facilities. Other types of private activity bonds are used to finance the construction, repair or improvement of, or to obtain equipment for, privately operated industrial or commercial facilities. Current federal tax laws place substantial limitations on the size of certain of such issues. In certain cases, the interest on a private activity bond may not be exempt from federal income tax or the alternative minimum tax. |
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| Private Company Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | PRIVATE COMPANY RISK. Investment in private companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and the Fund (or Underlying Fund) is required to rely on the ability of the investment advisers investment professionals to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If the Investment Manager is unable to uncover all material information about these companies, it may not be able to make a fully informed investment decision and may lose money on its investments. Private companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their debt securities that the Fund (or Underlying Fund) holds, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund (or Underlying Fund) realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with its investment. In addition, they typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. These companies generally have less predictable operating results, may from time to time be parties to litigation, may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence and may require substantial additional capital to support their operations, finance expansion or maintain their competitive position. These companies may have difficulty accessing the capital markets to meet future capital needs, which may limit their ability to grow or to repay their outstanding indebtedness upon maturity. In addition, investments in private companies may be structured as pay-in-kind securities with minimal or no cash interest or dividends until the company meets certain growth and liquidity objectives. |
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| Small And Middle Market Companies [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | SMALL AND MIDDLE-MARKET COMPANIES. Investment in private and small or middle-market companies involves a number of significant risks. Generally, little public information exists about these companies, and the Fund will rely on the ability of the Investment Manager to obtain adequate information to evaluate the potential returns from investing in these companies. If the Investment Manager is unable to uncover all material information about these companies, it may not make a fully informed investment decision, and the Fund may lose money on its investments. Small and middle-market companies may have limited financial resources and may be unable to meet their obligations under their loans and debt securities that the Fund holds, which may be accompanied by a deterioration in the value of any collateral and a reduction in the likelihood of the Fund realizing any guarantees it may have obtained in connection with its investment. In addition, such companies typically have shorter operating histories, narrower product lines and smaller market shares than larger businesses, which tend to render them more vulnerable to competitors actions and market conditions, as well as general economic downturns. Additionally, small and middle-market companies are more likely to depend on the management talents and efforts of a small group of persons. Therefore, the death, disability, resignation or termination of one or more of these persons could have a material adverse impact on one or more of the portfolio companies in which the Fund invests. Small and middle-market companies also may be parties to litigation and may be engaged in rapidly changing businesses with products subject to a substantial risk of obsolescence. |
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| Derivative Instruments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS. The Fund may use options, swaps, futures contracts, forward agreements and reverse repurchase agreements. The Funds derivative investments have risks, including the imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and the underlying asset, rate or index, which creates the possibility that the loss on such instruments may be greater than the gain in the value of the underlying asset, rate or index; the loss of principal; the possible default of the other party to the transaction; and illiquidity of the derivative investments. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract due to financial difficulties, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding or may not recover at all. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of a counterparty to a derivative transaction, the derivative contract would typically be terminated at its fair market value. If the Fund is owed this fair market value in the termination of the derivative contract and its claim is unsecured, the Fund will be treated as a general creditor of such counterparty and will not have any claim with respect to the underlying security. Certain of the derivative investments in which the Fund may invest may, in certain circumstances, give rise to a form of financial leverage, which may magnify the risk of owning such instruments. The ability to successfully use derivative investments depends on the ability of the Investment Manager to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. In addition, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to the Funds derivative investments would not be available to the Fund for other investment purposes, which may result in lost opportunities for gain. The use of derivatives is also subject to operational and legal risks. Operational risks generally refer to risks related to potential operational issues, including documentation issues, settlement issues, system failures, inadequate controls, and human error. Legal risks generally refer to risks of loss resulting from insufficient documentation, insufficient capacity or authority of a counterparty, or legality or enforceability of a contract. |
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| Reverse Repurchase Agreements [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Futures [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Options [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Swaps [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Restrictions On The Use Of Derivatives And Other Transactions [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF DERIVATIVES AND OTHER TRANSACTIONS. Rule 18f-4 under the Investment Company Act permits the Fund to enter into certain derivatives and other transactions notwithstanding the restrictions on the issuance of senior securities under Section 18 of the Investment Company Act. Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, among other things, prohibits closed-end funds, including the Fund, from issuing or selling any senior security representing indebtedness, unless the fund maintains 300% asset coverage, or any senior security representing stock, unless the fund maintains 200% asset coverage.
Rule 18f-4 imposes limits on the amount of derivatives and other transactions a fund can enter into, eliminates the asset segregation framework that had been used by funds to comply with Section 18 of the Investment Company Act, and requires funds whose use of derivatives is more than a limited specified exposure to establish and maintain a comprehensive derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager. The Fund intends to treat any reverse repurchase agreement as a derivative transaction pursuant to Rule 18f-4 and in accordance with such Rule, the Fund has adopted and implemented a comprehensive written derivatives risk management program and is subject to an absolute value-at-risk test. The Funds value-at-risk may not exceed 20% of the Funds net assets (25% if the Fund has issued preferred stock). The derivatives risk management program is administered by a derivatives risk manager, who has been appointed by the Board, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons (as defined in the Investment Company Act), and periodically reviews the derivatives risk management program and reports to the Board on a quarterly basis. Subject to certain conditions, limited derivatives users (as defined in Rule 18f-4), however, are not subject to the full requirements of Rule 18f-4 and the Fund could, in the future, determine to seek to qualify as a limited derivatives user by limiting its derivatives exposure to 10% of its net assets (as calculated in accordance with Rule 18f-4). |
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| Government Bond Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | GOVERNMENT BOND RISK. Investments in government bonds, including sovereign, quasi-sovereign, and supranational bonds, involve special risks that are not present in corporate bonds. The governmental authority or government entity that controls the repayment of the bond may be unable or unwilling to make interest payments and/or repay the principal on its debt or to otherwise honor its obligations. If an issuer of government bonds defaults on payments of principal and/or interest, the Fund may have limited recourse against the issuer. In the past, certain governments of emerging market countries have declared themselves unable to meet their financial obligations on a timely basis, which has resulted in losses for holders of government bonds. In addition, supranational entities have no taxing authority and are dependent on their members for payments of interest and principal. If one or more members of a supranational entity fails to make necessary contributions, the entity may be unable to pay interest or repay principal on its debt securities. Political changes in principal donor nations may unexpectedly disrupt the finances of supranational entities. |
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| Contingent Convertible Securities Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | CONTINGENT CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES RISK. CoCos, sometimes referred to as contingent convertible securities, are debt or preferred securities with loss absorption characteristics built into the terms of the security for the benefit of the issuer, for example, an automatic write-down of principal or a mandatory conversion into common stock of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as the issuers capital ratio falling below a certain level. CoCos may be subject to an automatic write-down (i.e., the automatic write-down of the principal amount or value of the securities, potentially to zero, and the cancellation of the securities) under certain circumstances, which could result in the Fund losing a portion or all of its investment in such securities. In addition, the Fund may not have any rights with respect to repayment of the principal amount of the securities that has not become due or the payment of interest or dividends on such securities for any period from (and including) the interest or dividend payment date falling immediately prior to the occurrence of such automatic write-down. An automatic write-down could also result in a reduced income rate if the dividend or interest payment is based on the securitys par value. If a CoCo provides for mandatory conversion of the security into common shares of the issuer under certain circumstances, such as an adverse event, the Fund could experience a reduced income rate, potentially to zero, as a result of the issuers common shares not paying a dividend. In addition, a conversion event would likely be the result of or related to the deterioration of the issuers financial condition (e.g., a decrease in the issuers capital ratio) and status as a going concern, so the market price of the issuers common shares received by the Fund may have declined, perhaps substantially, and may continue to decline, which may adversely affect the Funds NAV. Further, the issuers common shares would be subordinate to the issuers other security classes and therefore worsen the Funds standing in a bankruptcy proceeding. In addition, most CoCos are considered to be high yield or junk securities and are therefore subject to the risks of investment in below investment grade securities.
It will often be difficult to predict when, if at all, an automatic write-down or conversion event will occur. Accordingly, the trading behavior of CoCos may not follow the trading behavior of other types of debt and preferred securities. Any indication that an automatic write-down or conversion event may occur can be expected to have a material adverse effect on the market price of the CoCos. CoCos are a relatively new form of security, and the full effects of an automatic write-down or conversion event have not been experienced broadly in the marketplace. The occurrence of an automatic write-down or conversion event may be unpredictable and the potential effects of such event on the Funds yield or NAV may be adverse. |
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| Cost Of Capital And Net Investment Income Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | COST OF CAPITAL AND NET INVESTMENT INCOME RISK. If the Fund uses debt to finance investments, its net investment income may depend, in part, upon the difference between the interest rate at which it borrows funds, and the interest rate of investments made using those funds. As a result, a significant change in market interest rates can have a material adverse effect on the Funds net investment income. In periods of rising interest rates when it has debt outstanding, the Funds cost of funds will increase, which could reduce the Funds net investment income. The Fund may use interest rate risk management techniques in an effort to limit its exposure to interest rate fluctuations. These techniques may include various interest rate hedging activities to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act. These activities may limit the Funds ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to the hedged portfolio. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates or hedging transactions could have a material adverse effect on the Funds business, financial condition and results of operations. |
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| Cybersecurity Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | CYBERSECURITY RISK. Cybersecurity refers to the combination of technologies, processes and procedures established to protect information technology systems and data from unauthorized access, attack or damage. The Fund, the Underlying Funds and their affiliates and third-party service providers are subject to cybersecurity risks. Cybersecurity risks have significantly increased in recent years and the Fund could suffer such losses in the future. Computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code and other events that could have a security impact. In addition, the Fund and the Investment Manager have limited ability to prevent or mitigate cybersecurity incidents affecting third-party service providers. If one or more of such events occur, this potentially could jeopardize confidential and other information, including nonpublic personal information and sensitive business data, processed and stored in, and transmitted through, computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in the Funds operations or the operations of their respective affiliates and third-party service providers. This could result in significant losses, reputational damage, litigation, regulatory fines or penalties, or otherwise adversely affect the Funds business, financial condition or results of operations. Privacy and information security laws and regulation changes, and compliance with those changes, may result in cost increases due to system changes and the development of new administrative processes. In addition, the Fund may be required to expend significant additional resources to modify the Funds protective measures and to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures arising from operational and security risks. There can be no assurance that the Fund, the Underlying Funds or their service providers will not suffer losses relating to cybersecurity breaches in the future. Despite reasonable precautions, the risk remains that such incidents could occur, and that such incidents could cause damage to individual investors due to the risk of exposing confidential personal data about investors to unintended parties. The use of AI and machine learning could exacerbate these risks or result in cyber security incidents that implicate personal data. Furthermore, the Fund cannot control the cyber security plans and systems put in place by its service providers, the Underlying Funds or any other third parties whose operations may affect the Fund or its Shareholders. |
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| Distribution Policy [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | DISTRIBUTION POLICY. The Funds distribution policy is to make quarterly distributions of substantially all of its net investment income. Distributions cannot be assured, and the amount of each distribution is likely to vary. Distributions will be paid at least annually in amounts representing substantially all of the net investment income not previously distributed in a quarterly distribution and net capital gains, if any, earned each year. All or a portion of a distribution may consist of a return of capital (i.e., from your original investment) for Federal income tax purposes instead of net investment income. Shareholders should not assume that the source of a distribution from the Fund is net investment income. Shareholders should note that a return of capital will reduce the tax basis of their Shares and potentially increase the taxable gain, if any, upon disposition of their Shares, even if the Shares are sold at a loss. |
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| Conflicts Of Interest Relating To Co Investing [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | CONFLICTS OF INTEREST RELATING TO CO-INVESTING. The Fund has been granted an order of exemptive relief from the SEC (the Order) that permits the Fund to participate in certain negotiated investments alongside other funds managed by the Investment Manager or certain of its affiliates outside the parameters of Section 17 of the Investment Company Act. The Order imposes various conditions on the Fund and the Investment Manager intended to ensure that any co-investment transactions are done in a fair and equitable manner.
The Investment Managers investment allocation policy is designed to manage the potential conflicts of interest between its fiduciary obligations to the Fund and its similar fiduciary obligations to other clients; however, there can be no assurance that the Investment Managers efforts to allocate any particular investment opportunity fairly among all clients for whom such opportunity is appropriate will result in an allocation of all or part of such opportunity to the Fund.
The allocation of investment opportunities among the Fund and any of the other investment funds sponsored or accounts managed by the Investment Manager may not always, and often will not, be proportional. In general, pursuant to the Investment Managers investment allocation policy, the process for making an allocation determination includes an assessment as to whether a particular investment opportunity (including any follow-on investment in, or disposition from, an existing investment held by the Fund or another investment fund or account) is suitable for the Fund or another investment fund or accounts. In making this assessment, the Investment Manager may consider a variety of factors, including, without limitation: the investment objectives, guidelines and strategies applicable to the investment fund or account; the nature of the investment, including its risk-return profile and expected holding period; portfolio diversification and concentration concerns; the liquidity needs of the investment fund or account; the ability of the investment fund or account to accommodate structural, timing and other aspects of the investment process; the life cycle of the investment fund or account; legal, tax and regulatory requirements and restrictions, including, as applicable, compliance with the Investment Company Act (including requirements and restrictions pertaining to co-investment opportunities); compliance with existing agreements of the investment fund or account; the available capital of the investment fund or account; diversification requirements for RICs; the gross asset value and net asset value of the investment fund or account; the current and targeted leverage levels for the investment fund or account; and portfolio construction considerations. The relevance of each of these criteria will vary from investment opportunity to investment opportunity. The Investment Manager may be incentivized to pursue a co-investment transaction for reputational or other reasons that are not directly advantageous to the Fund. For example, the Investment Manager may receive a higher advisory fee from an affiliated fund that would be a participant in a co-investment transaction with the Fund, in which case the Investment Manager might be incentivized to recommend that the Fund participate in riskier co-investment transactions than would be the case if the Fund was the only participant.
By reason of the various activities of the Investment Manager and its affiliates, the Investment Manager and such affiliates may acquire confidential or material non-public information or otherwise be restricted from purchasing certain potential Fund investments that otherwise might have been purchased or be restricted from selling certain Fund investments that might otherwise have been sold at the time. |
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| Investments In Cash Cash Equivalent Investments Or Money Market Funds [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | INVESTMENTS IN CASH, CASH-EQUIVALENT INVESTMENTS OR MONEY MARKET FUNDS. A portion of the Funds assets may be invested in cash, cash-equivalent investments or money market funds when, for example, other investments are unattractive, to provide a reserve for anticipated obligations of the Fund or for other temporary purposes. Although such a practice may assist in the preservation of capital, the assumption of cash positions may also impact overall investment return. Cash investment practices of the Fund may be expected, therefore, to affect total investment performance of the Fund. Although a money market fund seeks to preserve a $1.00 per share NAV, it cannot guarantee it will do so. The sponsor of a money market fund has no legal obligation to provide financial support to the money market fund and investors in money market funds should not expect that the sponsor will provide support to a money market fund at any time. |
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| Large Shareholder Transactions Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Legal Tax And Regulatory [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | LEGAL, TAX AND REGULATORY. Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur that may materially adversely affect the Fund and Underlying Funds. For example, the regulatory environment for leveraged investors is evolving, and changes in the direct or indirect regulation of leveraged investors may materially adversely affect the ability of the Fund or Underlying Funds to pursue their investment objective or strategies. Increased regulatory oversight and other legislation or regulation could result.
The current presidential administration has called for significant changes to U.S. fiscal, tax, trade, healthcare, immigration, foreign, and government regulatory policy. In this regard, there is significant uncertainty with respect to legislation, regulation and government policy at the federal level, as well as the state and local levels. Recent events have created a climate of heightened uncertainty and introduced new and difficult-to-quantify macroeconomic and political risks with potentially far-reaching implications. There has been a corresponding meaningful increase in the uncertainty surrounding interest rates, inflation, foreign exchange rates, trade volumes and fiscal and monetary policy. To the extent the U.S. Congress or the current presidential administration implements changes to U.S. policy, those changes may impact, among other things, the U.S. and global economy, international trade and relations, unemployment, immigration, corporate taxes, healthcare, the U.S. regulatory environment, inflation and other areas. Although the Fund cannot predict the impact, if any, of these changes to the Funds or an Underlying Funds business, they could adversely affect the Funds business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows. Until the Fund knows what policy changes are made and how those changes impact the Funds business and the business of the Funds competitors over the long term, the Fund will not know if, overall, the Fund will benefit from them or be negatively affected by them
Each prospective investor should also be aware that developments in the tax laws of the United States or other jurisdictions where the Fund or its Underlying Funds invest could have a material effect on the tax consequences to the shareholders. In the event of any such change in law, each Shareholder is urged to consult its own tax advisers. Recent technological developments in, and the increasingly widespread use of, certain AI technologies, including machine learning models and generative artificial intelligence (collectively AI Technologies), may pose risks to the Fund. For instance, the economy may be significantly impacted by the advanced development and increased regulation of AI Technologies. As AI Technologies are used more widely, the profitability and growth of Fund holdings may be impacted, which could significantly impact the overall performance of the Fund. The legal and regulatory frameworks within which AI Technologies operate continue to rapidly evolve, and it is not possible to predict the full extent of current or future risks related thereto. |
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| L I B O R Discontinuation Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | LIBOR DISCONTINUATION RISK. Certain London Interbank Offered Rates (LIBORs) were generally phased out by the end of 2021, and some regulated entities have ceased to enter into new LIBOR-based contracts beginning January 1, 2022. As of September 30, 2024, the UK Financial Conduct Authority has confirmed that all publications of LIBOR, including all synthetic publications of the1-, 3- and 6-month U.S. dollar LIBOR settings, have ceased. Neither the effect of the LIBOR transition process nor its ultimate success can yet be known. Although the transition away from LIBOR has become increasingly well-defined, any potential effects of the transition away from LIBOR and other benchmark rates on financial markets, a fund or the financial instruments in which a fund invests can be difficult to ascertain. Not all existing LIBOR-based instruments may have alternative rate-setting provisions and there remains uncertainty regarding the willingness and ability of issuers to add alternative rate-setting provisions in certain existing instruments. Global regulators have advised market participants to cease entering into new contracts using LIBOR as a reference rate, and it is possible that investments in LIBOR-based instruments could invite regulatory scrutiny. Instruments in which the Fund invests historically paid interest at floating rates based on LIBOR or were subject to interest caps or floors based on LIBOR. The Fund and issuers of instruments in which the Fund invests also historically obtained financing at floating rates based on LIBOR. In addition, a liquid market for newly-issued instruments that use a reference rate other than LIBOR still may be developing. All of the aforementioned may adversely affect the Fund or an Underlying Funds performance or NAV. |
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| S O F R Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | SOFR RISK. The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) is intended to be a broad measure of the cost of borrowing funds overnight in transactions that are collateralized by U.S. Treasury securities. SOFR is calculated based on transaction-level repo data collected from various sources. For each trading day, SOFR is calculated as a volume-weighted median rate derived from such data. SOFR is calculated and published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). If data from a given source required by the FRBNY to calculate SOFR is unavailable for any day, then the most recently available data for that segment will be used, with certain adjustments. If errors are discovered in the transaction data or the calculations underlying SOFR after its initial publication on a given day, SOFR may be republished at a later time that day. Rate revisions will be effected only on the day of initial publication and will be republished only if the change in the rate exceeds one basis point.
Because SOFR is a financing rate based on overnight secured funding transactions, it differs fundamentally from LIBOR. LIBOR is intended to be an unsecured rate that represents interbank funding costs for different short-term maturities or tenors. It is a forward-looking rate reflecting expectations regarding interest rates for the applicable tenor. Thus, LIBOR is intended to be sensitive, in certain respects, to bank credit risk and to term interest rate risk. In contrast, SOFR is a secured overnight rate reflecting the credit of U.S. Treasury securities as collateral. Thus, it is largely insensitive to credit-risk considerations and to short-term interest rate risks. SOFR is a transaction-based rate, and it has been more volatile than other benchmark or market rates, such as three-month LIBOR, during certain periods. For these reasons, among others, there is no assurance that SOFR, or rates derived from SOFR, will perform in the same or similar way as LIBOR would have performed at any time, and there is no assurance that SOFR-based rates will be a suitable substitute for LIBOR. SOFR has a limited history, having been first published in April 2018. The future performance of SOFR, and SOFR-based reference rates, cannot be predicted based on SOFRs history or otherwise. Levels of SOFR in the future, including following the discontinuation of LIBOR, may bear little or no relation to historical levels of SOFR, LIBOR or other rates. |
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| Need For Follow On Investments [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | NEED FOR FOLLOW-ON INVESTMENTS. Following an initial investment in a portfolio company, the Fund may make additional investments in that portfolio company as follow-on investments, including exercising warrants, options or convertible securities that were acquired in the original or subsequent financing; in seeking to: (i) increase or maintain in whole or in part the Funds position as a creditor or the Funds equity ownership percentage in a portfolio company; or (ii) preserve or enhance the value of the Funds investment. The Fund has discretion to make follow-on investments, subject to the availability of capital resources. Failure to make follow-on investments may, in some circumstances, jeopardize the continued viability of an underlying portfolio company and the Funds initial investment, or may result in a missed opportunity for the Fund to increase its participation in a successful operation. Even if the Fund has sufficient capital to make a desired follow-on investment, the Investment Manager may elect not to make a follow-on investment because the Investment Manager may not want to increase the Funds level of risk or because the Investment Manager prefers other opportunities for the Fund.
The Order permits the Fund to participate in certain negotiated investments alongside other funds managed by the Investment Manager or certain of its affiliates outside the parameters of Section 17 of the Investment Company Act. The Order imposes various conditions on the Fund and the Investment Manager intended to ensure that any co-investment transactions are done in a fair and equitable manner. |
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| Non Qualification As A Regulated Investment Company [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | NON-QUALIFICATION AS A REGULATED INVESTMENT COMPANY. If for any taxable year the Fund were to fail to qualify as a RIC under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1, of the Code, all of its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions. To qualify as a RIC, the Fund must meet three numerical requirements each year regarding (i) the diversification of the assets it holds, (ii) the income it earns, and (iii) the amount of taxable income that it distributes to Shareholders. These requirements and certain additional tax risks associated with investments in the Fund are discussed in Taxes - Taxation of the Fund in this Prospectus. |
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| Operational Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | OPERATIONAL RISK. An investment in the Fund, like any fund, can involve operational risks arising from factors such as processing errors, human errors, inadequate or failed internal or external processes, failures in systems and technology, changes in personnel and errors caused by third-party service providers. The occurrence of any of these failures, errors or breaches could result in a loss of information, regulatory scrutiny, reputational damage or other events, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Fund. While the Fund seeks to minimize such events through controls and oversight, there may still be failures that could cause losses to the Fund. |
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| Portfolio Turnover [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Funds annual portfolio turnover rate may vary greatly from year to year, as well as within a given year. However, portfolio turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the execution of investment decisions for the Fund. High portfolio turnover may result in the realization of net short-term capital gains by the Fund which, when distributed to the Fund and, ultimately, Shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income. In addition, a higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. |
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| Risk [Text Block] | CO-INVESTMENT REVENUE. The Fund may invest in co-investment vehicles owned and managed by unaffiliated entities. The investment strategy of any co-investment vehicle in which the Fund invests will be consistent with the investment objective, investment strategies, and risk factors of the Fund. The Fund may receive an asset-based fee from other investors in the co-investment fund for rendering certain services to the co-investment fund such as warehousing investments and acting as the collateral agent. The asset-based fees may be subordinated to outside investor capital and thus subject to first loss if the investment underperforms. |
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| Preferred Securities [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | PREFERRED SECURITIES. The Fund may invest in preferred securities. There are various risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including credit risk, interest rate risk, deferral and omission of distributions, subordination to bonds and other debt securities in a companys capital structure, limited liquidity, limited voting rights and special redemption rights. Interest rate risk is, in general, the risk that the price of a debt security falls when interest rates rise. Securities with longer maturities tend to be more sensitive to interest rate changes. Credit risk is the risk that an issuer of a security may not be able to make principal and interest or dividend payments on the security as they become due. Holders of preferred securities may not receive dividends, or the payment can be deferred for some period of time. In bankruptcy, creditors are generally paid before the holders of preferred securities. |
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| Reliance On Technology [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | RELIANCE ON TECHNOLOGY. The Funds business is highly dependent on the communications and information systems of the Investment Manager. In addition, certain of these systems are provided to the Investment Manager by third-party service providers. Any failure or interruption of such systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any such third-party service provider, could cause delays or other problems in the Funds activities. This, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on the Funds operating results. |
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| R I C Related Risks Of Investment Generating Non Cash Taxable Income [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | RIC-RELATED RISKS OF INVESTMENT GENERATING NON-CASH TAXABLE INCOME. Certain of the Funds investments will require the Fund to recognize taxable income in a tax year in excess of the cash generated on those investments during that year. In particular, the Fund expects to invest in loans and other debt instruments, including PIK instruments, that will be treated as having market discount and/or original issue discount (OID) for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Additionally, the Fund may invest in passive foreign investment companies (PFICs) with respect to which it may make an election to recognize income currently in order to avoid a Fund-level tax and non-deductible interest that would otherwise be imposed by the Code. Because the Fund may be required to recognize income in respect of these investments before, or without receiving, cash representing such income, the Fund may have difficulty satisfying the annual distribution requirements applicable to RICs and avoiding Fund-level U.S. federal income and/or excise taxes. Accordingly, the Fund may be required to sell assets, including at potentially disadvantageous times or prices, raise additional debt or equity capital, make taxable distributions of Shares or debt securities, or reduce new investments, to obtain the cash needed to make these income distributions. Such required cash distributions may need to be paid from offering proceeds. If the Fund liquidates assets to raise cash, the Fund may realize additional gain or loss on such liquidations. In the event the Fund realizes additional net capital gains from such liquidation transactions, Shareholders may receive larger capital gain distributions than it or they would in the absence of such transactions. Additionally, the required recognition of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes without an associated receipt of cash may have a negative impact on liquidity (because it represents a non-cash component of the Funds taxable income that must, nevertheless, be distributed in cash to avoid the Fund being subject to corporate level taxation).
Instruments that are treated as having OID for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have unreliable valuations because their continuing accruals require judgments about the collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any collateral. Loans that are treated as having OID generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans. Accruals on such instruments may create uncertainty about the source of Fund distributions to Shareholders. OID creates the risk of non-refundable cash payments to the Investment Manager based on accruals that may never be realized. In addition, the deferral of payment-in-kind interest also reduces a loans loan-to-value ratio at a compounding rate.
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| Uncertain Tax Treatment [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | UNCERTAIN TAX TREATMENT. The Fund may invest a portion of its net assets in below investment grade instruments. Investments in these types of instruments may present special tax issues for the Fund. U.S. federal income tax rules are not entirely clear about issues such as when the Fund may cease to accrue interest, OID or market discount, when and to what extent deductions may be taken for bad debts or worthless instruments, how payments received on obligations in default should be allocated between principal and income and whether exchanges of debt obligations in a bankruptcy or workout context are taxable. These and other issues will be addressed by the Fund to the extent necessary in connection with the Funds intention to distribute sufficient income each tax year to minimize the risk that it becomes subject to U.S. federal income or excise tax. |
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| Limits Of Risk Disclosures [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Risk [Text Block] | LIMITS OF RISK DISCLOSURES. The above discussions relate to the various principal risks associated with the Fund, its investments and Shares and are not intended to be a complete enumeration or explanation of the risks involved in an investment in the Fund. Prospective investors should read this entire Prospectus and consult with their own advisers before deciding whether to invest in the Fund. In addition, as the Funds investment program changes or develops over time, an investment in the Fund may be subject to risk factors not currently contemplated or described in this Prospectus. |
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| Interest Rate Risk [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Description of Registrant [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk [Text Block] | INTEREST RATE RISK. The Fund is subject to the risks of changes in interest rates. The value of fixed rate loans is susceptible to general changes in interest rates. A decline in interest rates could reduce the amount of current income the Fund is able to achieve from interest on fixed-income securities and convertible debt. An increase in interest rates could reduce the value of any fixed-income securities and convertible securities owned by the Fund. To the extent that the cash flow from a fixed-income security is known in advance, the present value (i.e., discounted value) of that cash flow decreases as interest rates increase; to the extent that the cash flow is contingent, the dollar value of the payment may be linked to then prevailing interest rates. Moreover, the value of many fixed-income securities depends on the shape of the yield curve, not just on a single interest rate. Thus, for example, a callable cash flow, the coupons of which depend on a short term rate, may shorten (i.e., be called away) if the long rate decreases. In this way, such securities are exposed to the difference between long rates and short rates.
Duration is useful primarily as a measure of the sensitivity of a fixed-income securitys market price to interest rate (i.e., yield) movements. All other things remaining equal, for each one percentage point increase in interest rates, the value of a portfolio of fixed-income investments would generally be expected to decline by one percent for every year of the portfolios average duration above zero. For example, the value of a portfolio of fixed-income securities with an average duration of eight years would generally be expected to decline by approximately 8% if interest rates rose by one percentage point.
The risks associated with changing interest rates are heightened under current market conditions given that interest rates in the United States and many other countries have fluctuated in recent periods and may continue to change in the foreseeable future. To the extent the Fund or an Underlying Fund borrows money to finance its investments, the Funds or an Underlying Funds performance will depend, in part, upon the difference between the rate at which it borrows funds and the rate at which it invests those funds. In periods of rising interest rates, the Funds cost of funds could increase. Adverse developments resulting from changes in interest rates could have a material adverse effect on the Funds or an Underlying Funds financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, a decline in the prices of the debt the Fund or an Underlying Fund owns could adversely affect the Funds NAV. Changes in market interest rates could also affect the ability of operating companies in which the Fund or an Underlying Fund invests to service debt, which could materially impact the Fund or an Underlying Fund in which the Fund may invest, thus impacting the Fund.
Variable and floating rate securities generally are less sensitive to interest rate changes but may decline in value if their interest rates do not rise as much, or as quickly, as interest rates in general. Conversely, floating rate securities will not generally increase in value if interest rates decline. When the Fund holds variable or floating rate securities, a decrease in market interest rates will adversely affect the income received from such securities and the NAV of the Shares. |
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| Entity Address, Address Line One | 4221 North 203rd Street | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Address Line Two | Suite 100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, City or Town | Elkhorn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, State or Province | NE | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Entity Address, Postal Zip Code | 68022-3474 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contact Personnel Name | Timothy Burdick | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class I Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales Load [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 2 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management Fees [Percent] | 0.95% | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.00% | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive Fees [Percent] | 0.00% | [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.84% | [5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.01% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] | 1.15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 2.95% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (0.90%) | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.05% | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 21 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 83 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 147 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 321 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and Other Securities [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Title [Text Block] | Class I Shares | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Held [Shares] | shares | 0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Outstanding Security, Not Held [Shares] | shares | 229,517,430.62 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class D Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales Load [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 2 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management Fees [Percent] | 0.95% | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.25% | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive Fees [Percent] | 0.00% | [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.84% | [5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.01% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] | 1.15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 3.20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (0.90%) | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.30% | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 23 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 90 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 160 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 344 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Class A Shares [Member] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fee Table [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sales Load [Percent] | 5.75% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Transaction Expense 2 [Percent] | 0.00% | [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Management Fees [Percent] | 0.95% | [2] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distribution/Servicing Fees [Percent] | 0.25% | [3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Incentive Fees [Percent] | 0.00% | [4] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses [Percent] | 0.84% | [5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expenses [Abstract] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 1 [Percent] | 0.01% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other Annual Expense 2 [Percent] | 1.15% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total Annual Expenses [Percent] | 3.20% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Waivers and Reimbursements of Fees [Percent] | (0.90%) | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Expense over Assets [Percent] | 2.30% | [6] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Year 01 | $ 79 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 3 | 143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 5 | 208 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expense Example, Years 1 to 10 | $ 382 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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