As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 12, 2025.
Registration No. 333-
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
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Form S-4
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Twenty One Capital, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
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Texas |
6199 |
39-2506682 |
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(State or other jurisdiction of |
(Primary Standard Industrial |
(I.R.S. Employer |
For co-registrant, see “Table of Co-Registrant” on the following page.
Twenty One Capital, Inc.
111 Congress Avenue, Suite 500
Austin, Texas 78701
(206) 552-9859
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)
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C T Corporation System
1999 Bryan Street, Suite 900
Dallas, TX 75201-3136
(214) 979-1172
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
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Copies to:
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Lorenzo Corte, Esq. |
Douglas S. Ellenoff, Esq. |
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Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale of the securities to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.
If the securities being registered on this Form are being offered in connection with the formation of a holding company and there is compliance with General Instruction G, check the following box: ☐
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
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Large accelerated filer |
☐ |
Accelerated filer |
☐ |
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Non-accelerated |
☒ |
Smaller reporting company |
☒ |
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Emerging growth company |
☒ |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐
If applicable, place an X in the box to designate the appropriate rule provision relied upon in conducting this transaction:
Exchange Act Rule 13e-4(i) (Cross-Border Issuer Tender Offer) ☐
Exchange Act Rule 14d-1(d) (Cross-Border Third-Party Tender Offer) ☐
The registrant and co-registrant hereby amend this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant and co-registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
TABLE OF CO-REGISTRANT
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Exact Name of Co-Registrant as Specified in its Charter(1)(2) |
State or Other |
Primary |
I.R.S. |
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Twenty One Assets, LLC |
Delaware |
6199 |
39-2516751 |
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(1) The co-registrant has the following principal executive offices: Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19808.
(2) The agent for service for the co-registrant is: Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19808.
The information in this preliminary proxy statement/prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The registrant may not sell or issue these securities offered by this preliminary proxy statement/prospectus until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, of which this proxy statement/prospectus is a part, is declared effective. This preliminary proxy statement/prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state or other jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, SUBJECT TO COMPLETION,
DATED SEPTEMBER 12, 2025
PROXY STATEMENT FOR EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS OF
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS, INC.
AND
PROSPECTUS FOR UP TO 315,116,673 SHARES OF CLASS A COMMON STOCK OF TWENTY ONE CAPITAL, INC.
To the Shareholders of Cantor Equity Partners, Inc. (“CEP Shareholders”):
You are cordially invited to attend the extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) of the shareholders of Cantor Equity Partners, Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“CEP”), which will be held at , Eastern Time, on , 2025. The Meeting will be held at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually over the Internet by means of a live audio webcast. You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the Meeting in person or by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and using a control number assigned by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. To register and receive access to the Meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial owners (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in this proxy statement/prospectus. This proxy statement/prospectus includes additional instructions on how to access the Meeting and how to listen, vote and submit questions from home or any remote location with Internet connectivity.
CEP is a Cayman Islands exempted company incorporated as a blank check company for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities, which we refer to as an “acquisition target.”
On April 22, 2025, CEP, Twenty One Capital, Inc., a Texas corporation (“Pubco”), Twenty One Merger Sub D, a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco (“CEP Merger Sub”), Twenty One Assets, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company” or “Twenty One”), Tether Investments, S.A. de C.V., an El Salvador sociedad anónima de capital variable (“Tether”), iFinex, Inc., a British Virgin Islands company (“Bitfinex” and, together with Tether, the “Sellers”) and, solely for certain limited purposes, Stellar Beacon LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“SoftBank”), entered into a business combination agreement (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”).
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, upon the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby (the “Closing”), (i) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity (such surviving entity, the “CEP Surviving Subsidiary,” such transaction, the “CEP Merger”), as a result of which CEP Shareholders will receive one share of Class A common stock of Pubco, par value $0.01 per share (“Pubco Class A Stock”) for each Class A ordinary share of CEP, par value $0.0001 per share (“CEP Class A Ordinary Shares”) held by such CEP Shareholder, and (ii) Twenty One will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub C, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect subsidiary of CEP (“Company Merger Sub”), with Company Merger Sub continuing as the surviving company (such surviving company, the “Company Surviving Subsidiary,” such transaction, the “Company Merger” and the Company Merger together with the CEP Merger, the “Mergers”), as a result of which the Sellers will receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Class B common stock of Pubco, par value $0.01 per share (“Pubco Class B Stock”) in exchange for their membership interests in the Company. Immediately following completion of the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, CEP Surviving Subsidiary and Company Surviving Subsidiary will become wholly owned subsidiaries of Pubco and Pubco will become a publicly traded company, all upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and in accordance with applicable law.
In addition, on April 22, 2025, Pubco and CEP entered into subscription agreements (the “Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “Convertible Note Investors”), who have agreed to make a private investment in Pubco by purchasing 1.00% convertible senior notes due 2030 (the “Convertible Notes”) with an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million (the “Subscription Notes” and such subscription, the “Initial Convertible Notes PIPE” and together with the option for the Option Notes (as defined below), the exchange for the Exchange Notes (as defined below) and any issuance of the Engagement Letter Notes (as defined below), the “Convertible Notes PIPE”). Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco granted the Convertible Note Investors an option to purchase up to an aggregate of $100 million additional principal amount of Convertible Notes (the “Option Notes”) at any time before May 22, 2025 (the “Option Period”) on a pro rata basis based on such Convertible Note Investor’s participation in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE, which Option Notes have been fully subscribed for by the Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor (the “Option”). In connection therewith, on May 22, 2025, the Sponsor entered into a subscription agreement (the “Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement”) on substantially the same terms as the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with respect to its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes.
On April 22, 2025, Pubco and CEP also entered into subscription agreements (the “April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements,” and, together with the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the “April PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “April Equity PIPE Investors” and together with the Convertible Note Investors, the “April PIPE Investors”), who have agreed to make a private investment in CEP by purchasing 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (the “April Equity PIPE Shares”) for $200 million in the aggregate, which includes the value of an aggregate of 347.6168 Bitcoin (the “April In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin”) invested by certain April Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash (the “April Equity PIPE” and together with the Convertible Notes PIPE, the “April PIPE Investments”). On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into subscription agreements (the “June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements” and, together with the April PIPE Subscription Agreements and the Sponsor PIPE Subscription Agreement, the “PIPE Subscription Agreements”) with certain investors (the “June Equity PIPE Investors,” together with the April Equity PIPE Investors and the Convertible Note Investors, the “PIPE Investors”), pursuant to which CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 7,857,143 CEP Class A ordinary shares (the “June Equity PIPE Shares”) for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million ($21.00 per share), which includes the value of an aggregate of 132.9547 Bitcoin (the “June In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin” and together with the April In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin, the “In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin”) invested by certain June Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash (the “June Equity PIPE,” together with the April Equity PIPE, the “Equity PIPEs,” and collectively with the Convertible Notes PIPE, the “PIPE Investments”). The April Equity PIPE Investors and June Equity PIPE Investors confirmed, at the time of entering into their respective subscription agreements, the amounts, if any, that they will contribute as In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) Tether has purchased 4,812.220927 Bitcoin (the “Initial PIPE Bitcoin”) for an aggregate purchase price of $458.7 million (the “Initial PIPE Net Proceeds”), being equal to the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE less a holdback of $52 million, and, at Closing, Tether will sell the Initial PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco for an amount equal to the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds, and (ii) Tether has purchased 917.47360612 Bitcoin (the “Option PIPE Bitcoin”) for an aggregate purchase price of $99.5 million (the “Option PIPE Net Proceeds”), being equal to the gross proceeds of the Option Notes less a holdback of $500,000, and, at Closing, Tether will sell the Option PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco at a purchase price equal to the Option PIPE Net Proceeds.
On June 23, 2025, Tether, Pubco, SoftBank and, solely for certain limited purposes, CEP, entered into a sale and purchase agreement (the “June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement”), pursuant to which Tether has purchased 1,381.15799423 Bitcoin (the “June PIPE Bitcoin” and together with the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the Option PIPE Bitcoin, the “PIPE Bitcoin”) for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $147.5 million (the “June PIPE Net Proceeds”) being the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE less a holdback of $3.3 million. At the Closing and upon the funding of the June Equity PIPE, Pubco shall purchase from Tether the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to the June PIPE Net Proceeds.
The sale of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, the Option PIPE Bitcoin and the June PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco are referred to herein as the “PIPE Bitcoin Sale.” Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, Tether agreed to purchase a number of Bitcoin equal to the Additional PIPE Bitcoin, if the sum of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the Option PIPE Bitcoin is less than 10,500 Bitcoin. Tether has purchased the Additional PIPE Bitcoin and immediately prior to Closing, Tether will contribute such amount of Bitcoin to Pubco at Closing (such contribution, the “Additional PIPE Bitcoin Sale”) in exchange for additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock.
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and the Company entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”), pursuant to which, immediately prior to the Closing, Tether and Bitfinex will contribute to the Company 24,500 Bitcoin and 7,000 Bitcoin, respectively, in exchange for (i) in the case of Tether, 208 class A common membership interests of the Company (“Company Class A Interests”) and 208 class B common membership interests of the Company (“Company Class B Interests”), and (ii) in the case of Bitfinex, 59 Company Class A Interests and 59 Company Class B Interests.
Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, (i) CEP, Pubco and Cantor EP Holdings, LLC (the “Sponsor”) entered into the sponsor support agreement (as amended by Amendment No. 1 to Sponsor Support Agreement, dated as of June 25, 2025, the “Sponsor Support Agreement”), pursuant to which, among other matters described below, Pubco and Sponsor agreed to enter into a Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Securities Exchange Agreement”) at Closing, pursuant to which Sponsor will exchange a number of its shares of Pubco Class A Stock as determined in accordance with the Securities Exchange Agreement (the “Exchange Shares”) in exchange for Convertible Notes (the “Exchange Notes”) equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares
multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share, and (ii) Pubco, CEP and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (“CF&Co.”) entered into an engagement letter (as amended by the amendment thereto, dated as of June 25, 2025, the “PIPE Engagement Letter”), pursuant to which, among other matters, CF&Co. may receive Convertible Notes (the “Engagement Letter Notes”), such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement (as defined below), (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Assuming no redemptions of any Public Shares (as defined below) and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46,300,000 and CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. With the inclusion of the Subscription Notes, Option Notes, Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes, the total aggregate principal value of the Convertible Notes will be $486.5 million.
The Sponsor Support Agreement also provides that, among other things, (i) the Sponsor will vote its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, and its Class B ordinary shares of CEP, par value $0.0001 per share (“CEP Class B Ordinary Shares” and, together with the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, the “CEP Ordinary Shares”) in favor of the adoption and approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination and each of the other proposals to be approved by CEP Shareholders at the Meeting (the “CEP Shareholder Approval Matters”), (ii) the Sponsor will vote its CEP Ordinary Shares against any alternative transactions, (iii) the Sponsor will comply with the restrictions imposed by the letter agreement, dated as of August 12, 2024, by and among CEP, the Sponsor and the then current directors and executive officers of CEP (the “Insider Letter”), including with respect to the restrictions on transfer and redemption of CEP Ordinary Shares in connection with the Business Combination, (iv) prior to the Closing, the Sponsor will amend the Insider Letter to reduce the post-Closing lock-up period applicable to the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor in exchange for its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares (the “Founder Shares”) from 12 months to six months, and (v) subject to and conditioned upon the Closing, any loans outstanding from the Sponsor to CEP shall be repaid as follows: (a) with respect to the amended and restated promissory note, dated November 5, 2024, and effective as of August 12, 2024 (the “Sponsor Loan”), the aggregate amount owed by CEP, as set forth on the pre-Closing statement to be delivered by CEP prior to the Closing (the “CEP Pre-Closing Statement”), will be automatically converted, immediately prior to the CEP Merger, into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share, and that upon the issuance and delivery of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor, the Sponsor Loan will be deemed satisfied in full, provided, however, that the portion of the Sponsor Loan that is drawn by or on behalf of CEP to pay for any fees, costs or expenses of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement will be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement and (b) with respect to all other loans of the Sponsor to CEP, all amounts outstanding thereunder as of the Closing, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement, will be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance the Business Combination Agreement.
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether and SoftBank entered into a sale and purchase agreement, as amended and restated on June 23, 2025, pursuant to which, among other things, immediately following the Closing, Tether will transfer to SoftBank an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, and SoftBank will pay Tether consideration calculated based on a formula described thereunder.
Concurrently with the Closing, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each enter into a Lock-Up Agreement with Pubco, pursuant to which each Seller and SoftBank will agree that the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by each Seller and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank will be locked-up and subject to transfer restrictions, as described below, subject to certain exceptions.
Concurrently with the Closing, CEP, Pubco, the Sponsor, each Seller and SoftBank will enter into an Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement that will amend and restate the registration rights agreement, dated as of August 12, 2024, by and between CEP and the Sponsor.
Concurrently with the Closing, Pubco and Tether will enter into a Services Agreement, pursuant to which Tether will agree to provide, or cause to be provided, certain services to Pubco and its subsidiaries in exchange for a services fee in the amount of $30,000 per calendar quarter or such other amount as may be agreed by the parties thereto.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription
Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Twenty One Capital, Inc. 2025 Stock Incentive Plan, to be adopted prior to Closing, as amended from time to time (the “Incentive Plan”), (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
Each holder of shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Each holder of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote. Therefore under the above assumptions, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will have approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the voting power of Pubco, respectively, following the Business Combination.
The price per share of Pubco Class A Stock is $10.00 per share for (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (iv) the directors and officers of CEP, (v) the Sellers and (vi) SoftBank, and $21.00 per share for the June Equity PIPE Investors.
The value of the consideration that the Public Shareholders are each receiving in connection with the Business Combination is thus $10.00 per share.
The aggregate value of the total consideration that the Sponsor and its Affiliates will receive, comprising shares of Pubco Class A Stock valued at $10.00 per share, Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement valued based on the aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Notes and the cash fees to be paid to CF&Co. as further described herein, is $121,359,052, assuming, among other things, that the Sponsor Loan is fully drawn (for a maximum amount of $1,750,000), that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, no amount is drawn under the Sponsor Note and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements.
The value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each receive, comprising an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, together valued at $10.00 per share, is $1,682,703,800, $594,044,990 and $771,778,800, respectively. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) Bitfinex will receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the dollar value of 7,000 Bitcoin pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00 and (ii) Tether will initially receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the combined dollar value of its 24,500 Bitcoin contribution pursuant to the Contribution Agreement (which comprises 14,000 Bitcoin contributed on its behalf and 10,500 Bitcoin contributed in contemplation of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement), using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00. Tether will transfer a portion of these shares (consisting of an equal number of Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock) as SoftBank Shares to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement. The calculation for the SoftBank Shares begins with the Base Share Amount, which is the lesser of the dollar value of 10,500 Bitcoin (using the average Bitcoin Price for the ten-day period ending on the business day immediately before the Closing) or $1 billion, divided by $10.00. This Base Share Amount is then reduced by any Net Settlement Shares (a reduction SoftBank can elect in lieu of a cash payment for accrued interest costs including the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and the PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount), and by any Withholding Shares for taxes. The consideration amount of $771,778,800, assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). The aggregate value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank are receiving through the shares of Pubco they will own at Closing is $3,048,527,590.
Proposals to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the other matters discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus will be presented at the Meeting scheduled to be held on , 2025.
The CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on The Nasdaq Global Market under the symbols “CEP.” If Pubco’s application for listing is approved, shares of Pubco Class A Stock are expected to be traded on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange under the symbol “XXI.” The CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will not trade after the Closing.
Each of CEP and Pubco is an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and has elected to comply with certain reduced public company reporting requirements. Pubco is, and will be, after the consummation of the Business Combination, considered a “controlled company” under the NYSE or Nasdaq Rules, and may be exempt from certain corporate governance requirements thereunder.
Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
When holders (the “Public Shareholders”) of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the initial public offering of CEP (the “CEP IPO” and such shares, the “Public Shares”) consider the recommendation of the board of directors of CEP (the “CEP Board”) in favor of approval of the Business Combination and the other proposals discussed in this proxy statement/prospectus (the “Proposals”), Public Shareholders should keep in mind that the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests in the Proposals that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of a Public Shareholder as a CEP Shareholder. These interests include, among other things:
• As of the date hereof, the Sponsor is the record holder of 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (the “CEP Private Placement Shares”). The following persons have material interests in the Sponsor: Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P. (“Cantor”) is the sole member of the Sponsor; CF Group Management, Inc. (“CFGM”) is the managing general partner of Cantor; and Howard W. Lutnick is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As of the date hereof, each of Cantor, CFGM and Howard W. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Further, on May 16, 2025, Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, entered into agreements to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM (the “Cantor Sale Transaction”). Following the closing of the Cantor Sale Transaction, Brandon Lutnick will be deemed to have voting or dispositive power over the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, and Howard W. Lutnick will no longer have voting or dispositive power over such CEP Ordinary Shares. Further, Brandon Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Sponsor, Cantor and CFGM. As of the date hereof, other than Brandon Lutnick (as described above) and Danny Salinas (who has a minority limited partnership interest in Cantor), none of CEP’s other directors or executive officers has a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Sponsor and none of CEP’s directors or executive officers has beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor;
• The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, and $3,000,000, or $10.00 per share, for the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. As of September 2, 2025, the aggregate value of such shares is estimated to be approximately $63.6 million, assuming the per share value of the shares is the same as the $22.70 closing price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq on September 2, 2025. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment, even if shares of Pubco Class A Stock have lost significant value after the Closing. This means that the Sponsor could earn a positive rate of return on its investment, even if Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return in Pubco;
• The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor and purchased by the Sponsor for $3,025,000 will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated by CEP by the end of the Combination Period (as defined below);
• The Sponsor agreed that the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after CEP has completed a business combination and the Sponsor agreed that the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of (a) the one-year anniversary of CEP’s business combination and (b) the date on which the successor company completes certain material transactions that result in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, subject to in each case to certain exceptions; provided that at
Closing, the Sponsor and CEP will enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter to modify clause (a) from one year to six (6) months. These lock-ups will apply to the applicable shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor pursuant to the CEP Merger;
• CEP’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “CEP Memorandum and Articles”) contains an anti-dilution provision which adjusts the conversion ratio of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares upon their conversion to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon certain issuances of equity and equity-linked securities by CEP, which includes the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in the Equity PIPEs, such that the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares represents 20% of all CEP Ordinary Shares that remain outstanding and are not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPE Shares (but excluding the CEP Private Placement Shares). As a result of the foregoing, depending on the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor’s 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into between 6,964,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if all Public Shares are redeemed) and 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if no Public Shares are redeemed). Pursuant the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPEs and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. Such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will then exchange into an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. The additional shares will be issued to the Sponsor for no additional consideration and a certain number of them will be exchanged for Exchange Notes (as described below);
• The Sponsor is a party to the Sponsor Support Agreement and immediately after the Closing will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement with Pubco. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to exchange the Exchange Shares for the Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. Assuming no redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and the issuance of 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the Equity PIPEs, of the 8,045,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that the Sponsor would receive in exchange for its Founder Shares (after forfeiting 1,419,182 shares in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 of such shares for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million. See “Questions and Answers About the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?” for further information about the Securities Exchange Agreement.
• CF&Co., an affiliate of the Sponsor and Cantor, is a party to the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which Pubco and CEP engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services, and the engagement letter, dated April 22, 2025, between CEP and CF&Co. (the “M&A Engagement Letter”), pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as CEP’s exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes (the “Engagement Letter Notes”), such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter
Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement. In addition, CF&Co. previously entered into a letter agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024 (the “Business Combination Marketing Agreement”), pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
• Pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to purchase Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 at Closing (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes).
• The Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors have agreed not to redeem any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a proposed business combination, including the Business Combination;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as CEP; and (ii) CEP renounces any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and CEP, on the other. In the course of their other business activities, CEP’s officers and directors may have, or may become aware of, other investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to CEP as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. CEP’s management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and if there is a conflict of interest in determining to which entity a particular business combination opportunity should be presented, any pre-existing fiduciary obligation will be presented the business combination opportunity before CEP is presented with it. CEP does not believe that the pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of its officers and directors materially impacted its search for an acquisition target;
• CEP has until August 14, 2026, or until such earlier liquidation date as the CEP Board may approve or such later date as the CEP Shareholders may approve pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, to consummate a business combination (the “Combination Period”). If the Business Combination with Twenty One is not consummated and CEP does not consummate another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case above to CEP’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor would be worthless because the Sponsor has waived its right to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such CEP Ordinary Shares, and the Sponsor and CF&Co. will not receive any of the securities and fees described above;
• CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan to the Sponsor in respect of the loans the Sponsor has made, and will make, to CEP to fund CEP’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements. The Sponsor Loan does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination; provided that, at the Sponsor’s option, all or any portion of the amount outstanding under the Sponsor Loan may be converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. Otherwise, the Sponsor Loan would be repaid only out of funds held outside of CEP’s trust account (the “Trust Account”). As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan. If the Business Combination or another business combination is not consummated by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor Loan may not be repaid to the Sponsor, in whole or in part. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed that upon consummation of the Business Combination, all the amounts owed by CEP to it under the Sponsor Loan (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) will be repaid in the form of newly issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, rather than in cash, at a value of $10.00 per share;
• CEP has also issued an unsecured promissory note for up to $1,500,000 to the Sponsor (the “Sponsor Note”) (as further described under the heading “Information About CEP”) in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with the consummation of a business combination, an extension of time for CEP to consummate a business combination or CEP’s liquidation (each, a “Redemption Event”), such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares on such Redemption Event. The Sponsor Note does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination. Otherwise, the Sponsor Note would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $0 outstanding under the Sponsor Note. The Sponsor Note, if drawn, will not be repaid to the extent that the amount of the Sponsor Note exceeds the amount of available proceeds not deposited in the Trust Account if a business combination is not completed;
• If CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to CEP if and to the extent of any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to CEP or by a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, in each case, reduce the amount of redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of the underwriters of the CEP IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and CEP’s public auditor;
• The Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing a business combination. If CEP does not complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP may not have the cash necessary to reimburse these expenses. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, none of the Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors or their affiliates has incurred any such expenses which would be reimbursed at the Closing; and
• CEP’s officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail policy for CEP’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for up to a six-year period from and after the Closing for events occurring prior to the Closing, which tail policy is to be paid for by Pubco at the Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination does not close, CEP’s officers and directors may not receive this tail insurance coverage.
Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are also party to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company) that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
Interests of Pubco’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
In considering the recommendation of the CEP Board to vote in favor of approval of the Proposals, unaffiliated CEP Shareholders should keep in mind that the directors and executive officers of Pubco have interests in such Proposals that are different from or in addition to, those of unaffiliated CEP Shareholders. In particular:
• Pubco is in the process of negotiating employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and expects to enter into an employment agreement with each of them prior to the Closing. Pubco also intends to grant equity awards under the Incentive Plan to Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, in accordance with their employment agreements. As party to the anticipated employment agreements and recipients of the anticipated equity awards, Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer may have interests in the Business Combination that are different from or in addition to, the shareholders of Pubco; and
• The fact that Jack Mallers, Chief Executive Officer and President of Pubco, is expected to become a director of Pubco at Closing.
Consideration to be Received by, and Securities to be Issued to, the Sponsor and its Affiliates
Set forth below is a summary of the terms and amount of the consideration received or to be received by the Sponsor and its Affiliates in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments, the amount of securities issued or to be issued by Pubco to the Sponsor and its Affiliates and the price paid or to be paid or consideration provided for such securities or any related financing transaction.
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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Sponsor |
• 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares; (i) The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will be adjusted pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles as described above which will result in the Sponsor receiving between 6,964,286 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 9,464,286 (assuming No Redemptions) CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (assuming that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements), after which the Sponsor will forfeit between 0 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 1,419,182 (assuming No Redemptions) of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares; and (ii) Of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor, the Sponsor will retain 3,415,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in the CEP Merger, representing the 2,500,000 Founder Shares and 915,104 shares in additional consideration, and exchange the remaining shares for the Exchange Notes. Assuming No Redemptions and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million and assuming 100% Redemptions, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $35.5 million. |
• $25,000 paid to purchase the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares |
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• 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
• $3,000,000 paid to purchase the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
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• Additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and/or cash |
• Amounts outstanding at the Closing under the Sponsor Loan will be repaid by the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) |
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes) |
• $12,791,000 paid in cash to purchase the 12,791 Convertible Notes |
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CF&Co. |
• $3,500,000 in cash |
• Services pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement |
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• Approximately $19.9 million in cash, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of between $0 (assuming no redemptions) and approximately $10.8 million (assuming 100% Redemptions) (constituting the Engagement Letter Notes), which, together with the Exchange Notes, is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration (assuming that all such April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
Because the Sponsor acquired the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares at a nominal price, the Public Shareholders will incur substantial and immediate dilution upon the Closing of the Business Combination. See the sections titled “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Dilution,” “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing of the Business Combination as a result of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, since the value of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, as well as a result of the issuance of the shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments.”
After careful consideration, the CEP Board has unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the other Proposals described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus and the CEP Board has determined that it is advisable to consummate the Business Combination. The CEP Board did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with its determination to approve the Business Combination. However, CEP’s management, the members of the CEP Board and the other representatives of CEP have experience in evaluating the operating and financial merits of cryptocurrency companies and reviewed certain financial information of Twenty One and other relevant financial information selected based on the experience and the professional judgment of CEP’s management team. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the CEP Board in valuing Twenty One’s business and accordingly, investors assume the risk that the CEP Board may not have properly valued such business. For more information, see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, CEP Shareholders have no assurance from an independent source that the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to the Sellers and CEP Shareholders in the Business Combination is fair to CEP — and, by extension, CEP Shareholders — from a financial point of view.” The CEP Board recommends that Public Shareholders vote “FOR” the Proposals described in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus (including each of the sub-proposals).
This proxy statement/prospectus provides you with detailed information about the Business Combination and other matters to be considered at the Meeting. CEP encourages you to carefully read this entire document and the documents incorporated by reference. You should also carefully consider the risk factors described in “Risk Factors” on page 45 of this proxy statement/prospectus.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION, NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
This proxy statement/prospectus is dated , 2025, and is first being mailed to CEP Shareholders on or about , 2025.
CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS, INC.
110 East 59th Street
New York, New York 10022
NOTICE OF EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS
TO BE HELD ON , 2025
TO THE SHAREHOLDERS OF CANTOR EQUITY PARTNERS, INC.:
NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that an extraordinary general meeting (the “Meeting”) of the shareholders of Cantor Equity Partners, Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“CEP”), will be at a.m. Eastern Time, on , 2025. The Meeting will be held at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually over the Internet by means of a live audio webcast. You can participate in the Meeting, vote and submit questions via live webcast by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and using a control number assigned by Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company. You will not be required to attend the Meeting in person in order to vote, and CEP encourages virtual participation. You are cordially invited to attend the Meeting in person at the location noted above or via the live webcast noted above, and will be asked to consider and vote upon the following proposals (the “Proposals”):
(1) The Business Combination Proposal — to approve and adopt the Business Combination Agreement (as amended, restated or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), dated as of April 22, 2025, by and among CEP, Twenty One Capital, Inc., a Texas corporation (“Pubco”), Twenty One Merger Sub D, a Cayman Islands exempted company and wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco (“CEP Merger Sub”), Twenty One Assets, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “Company” or “Twenty One”), Tether Investments, S.A. de C.V., an El Salvador sociedad anónima de capital variable (“Tether”), iFinex, Inc., a British Virgin Islands company (“Bitfinex” and, together with Tether, the “Sellers”) and, solely for certain limited purposes, Stellar Beacon LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“SoftBank”), pursuant to which (a) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the surviving company (the “CEP Merger”), and (b) at least two hours after the CEP Merger, the Company will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub C, Inc., a Delaware corporation and an indirect subsidiary of CEP (“Company Merger Sub”), with Company Merger Sub continuing as the surviving company (the “Company Merger,” and together with the CEP Merger, the “Mergers,” and together with the transaction contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements (as defined below), the “Business Combination”). We refer to this proposal as the “Business Combination Proposal.” The Business Combination Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Business Combination Proposal,” and a copy of the Business Combination Agreement and the amendment thereto is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A.
(2) The Merger Proposal — to approve and authorize the CEP Merger and the plan of merger for the CEP Merger to be entered into by CEP Merger Sub, CEP and Pubco (the “CEP Plan of Merger”). We refer to this proposal as the “Merger Proposal.” The Merger Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Merger Proposal” and a copy of the CEP Plan of Merger is attached to the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B.
(3) The NTA Proposal — to approve an amendment (the “NTA Amendment”) to the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of CEP (the “CEP Memorandum and Articles”), which shall be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, to remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the limitation that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause its net tangible assets (“NTA”) to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon the consummation of an initial business combination. We refer to this proposal as the “NTA Proposal.” The NTA Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The NTA Proposal.”
(4) The Organizational Documents Proposals — to consider and vote, on a non-binding advisory basis, upon separate proposals to approve the material differences between the CEP Memorandum and Articles and the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, substantially in the form attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annexes D and E (the “Proposed Organizational Documents”), specifically to approve (collectively, the “Organizational Documents Proposals”):
• Proposal A: changes to the size and composition of the board of directors;
• Proposal B: the change from a classified board of directors to an unclassified board;
• Proposal C: the change that the board of directors is elected by a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock;
• Proposal D: changes related to the parties that may call a special meeting of shareholders;
• Proposal E: the changes to the quorum of the board of directors;
• Proposal F: the changes to the notice of shareholder actions and meetings; and
• Proposal G: the changes to the exclusive forum provision.
The Organizational Documents Proposals are described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Organizational Documents Proposals.”:
(5) The Nasdaq Proposal — to approve a proposal for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635, the issuance of (i) shares of Pubco Stock in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the Class A Ordinary Shares of CEP, par value $0.0001 per share (the “CEP Class A Ordinary Shares”) issuable in repayment of the Sponsor Loan, (iii) Equity PIPE Shares, and (iv) additional shares of Pubco Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance (a) upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement and the PIPE Engagement Letter and (b) pursuant to the Incentive Plan (as defined below), to the extent such issuances would require shareholder approval under Nasdaq Rule 5635. We refer to this proposal as the “Nasdaq Proposal.” The Nasdaq Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Nasdaq Proposal.”
(6) The Adjournment Proposal — to approve a proposal to adjourn the Meeting to a later date or dates, if it is determined by CEP additional time is necessary or appropriate to complete the Business Combination or for any other reason. We refer to this proposal as the “Adjournment Proposal.” The Adjournment Proposal is described in more detail in the accompanying proxy statement/prospectus under the heading “The Adjournment Proposal.”
Only holders of record of CEP Ordinary Shares at the close of business on September 17, 2025 (the “Record Date”) are entitled to notice of the Meeting and to vote and have their votes counted at the Meeting and any adjournments of the Meeting.
After careful consideration, the board of directors of CEP (the “CEP Board”) has determined that the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal are in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and unanimously recommends that Public Shareholders vote or give instruction to vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the NTA Proposal, “FOR” each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Nasdaq Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented. When Public Shareholders consider the CEP Board’s recommendation of the Proposals, Public Shareholders should keep in mind that the directors and officers of CEP and Pubco have interests in the Business Combination that may conflict with the interests of a Public Shareholder as a CEP Shareholder. For a more complete descriptions of these interests, see the sections entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” and “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Pubco’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.”
The CEP Board has already approved the Business Combination. The CEP Board did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with its determination to approve the Business Combination. However, CEP’s management, the members of the CEP Board and the other representatives of CEP have experience in evaluating the operating and financial merits of cryptocurrency companies and reviewed certain financial information of Twenty One and other relevant financial information selected based on the experience and the professional judgment of CEP’s management team. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the CEP Board in valuing Twenty One’s business and accordingly, investors assume the risk that the CEP Board may not have properly valued such business. For more information, see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, CEP Shareholders have no assurance from an independent source that the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to the Sellers and CEP Shareholders in the Business Combination is fair to CEP — and, by extension, CEP Shareholders — from a financial point of view.”
To pass, each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). To pass, each of the Merger Proposal and the NTA Proposal requires a special resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). CEP Shareholders are also being asked to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Although the CEP Board is asking CEP Shareholders to approve each of the Organizational Documents Proposals on the non-binding advisory basis, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved.
Under the Business Combination Agreement, the approval by CEP Shareholders of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are conditions to the consummation of the Business Combination. If any of those Proposals are not approved by CEP Shareholders, the Business Combination will not be consummated, unless waived by the parties. The Merger Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal. The NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Nasdaq Proposal are conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned on the approval of any other Proposal.
The Sponsor currently holds 2,500,000 Class B ordinary shares of CEP, par value $0.0001 per share (the “CEP Class B Ordinary Shares” and, together with the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, the “CEP Ordinary Shares”), and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of each of the Proposals. As a result, with respect to each Proposal that require approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Twenty One Capital, Inc. 2025 Stock Incentive Plan, to be adopted prior to Closing, as amended from time to time (the “Incentive Plan”), (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP,
(vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
Each holder of shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Each holder of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote. Therefore under the above assumptions, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will have approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the voting power of Pubco, respectively, following the Business Combination.
The price per share of Pubco Class A Stock is $10.00 per share for (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (iv) the directors and officers of CEP, (v) the Sellers and (vi) SoftBank, and $21.00 per share for the June Equity PIPE Investors.
The value of the consideration that the Public Shareholders are each receiving in connection with the Business Combination is thus $10.00 per share.
The aggregate value of the total consideration that the Sponsor and its Affiliates will receive, comprising shares of Pubco Class A Stock valued at $10.00 per share, Convertible Notes valued based on the aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Notes and the cash fees to be paid to CF&Co. as further described herein, is $121,359,052, assuming, among other things, that the Sponsor Loan is fully drawn (for a maximum amount of $1,750,000), that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, no amount is drawn under the Sponsor Note and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements.
The value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each receive, comprising an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, together valued at $10.00 per share, is $1,682,703,800, $594,044,990 and $771,778,800, respectively. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) Bitfinex will receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the dollar value of 7,000 Bitcoin pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00 and (ii) Tether will initially receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the combined dollar value of its 24,500 Bitcoin contribution pursuant to the Contribution Agreement (which comprises 14,000 Bitcoin contributed on its behalf and 10,500 Bitcoin contributed in contemplation of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement), using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00. Tether will transfer a portion of these shares (consisting of an equal number of Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock) as SoftBank Shares to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement. The calculation for the SoftBank Shares begins with the Base Share Amount, which is the lesser of the dollar value of 10,500 Bitcoin (using the average Bitcoin Price for the ten-day period ending on the business day immediately before the Closing) or $1 billion, divided by $10.00. This Base Share Amount is then reduced by any Net Settlement Shares (a reduction SoftBank can elect in lieu of a cash payment for accrued interest costs including the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and the PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount), and by any Withholding Shares for taxes. The consideration amount of $771,778,800, assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). The aggregate value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank are receiving through the shares of Pubco they will own at Closing is $3,048,527,590.
Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, CEP is providing the Public Shareholders with the opportunity to redeem, upon the Closing, Public Shares then held by them for cash equal to their pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit (as of two (2) business days prior to the Closing) in CEP’s trust account (the “Trust Account”) that holds the proceeds (including interest but less taxes payable) of the CEP’s initial public offering (the “CEP IPO”). For illustrative purposes, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, the estimated per share redemption price would have been approximately $10.57 per share (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that
may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes). CEP Shareholders are not required to affirmatively vote for or against the Business Combination in order to redeem their Public Shares for cash. This means that CEP Shareholders who hold Public Shares on or before , 2025 (two (2) business days before the Meeting) will be eligible to elect to have their Public Shares redeemed for cash in connection with the Meeting, whether or not they are holders as of the Record Date, and whether or not such Public Shares are voted at the Meeting.
The Sponsor and CEP’s executive officers and directors have agreed to waive their redemption rights with respect to any CEP Ordinary Shares they may hold in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, and such shares will be excluded from the pro rata calculation used to determine the per-share redemption price.
All CEP Shareholders are cordially invited to attend the Meeting. Your vote is important regardless of the number of shares you own. Whether you plan to attend the Meeting or not, to ensure your representation at the Meeting, you are urged to complete, sign, date and return the enclosed proxy card as soon as possible. If you are a holder of record of CEP Ordinary Shares, you may also cast your vote via Internet or telephone or in person. If your CEP Ordinary Shares are held in an account at a brokerage firm or bank, you must instruct your broker or bank on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Meeting and vote yourself, obtain a proxy from your broker or bank. If you do not vote or do not instruct your broker or bank how to vote, it will have no effect on any of the Proposals.
Your attention is directed to the proxy statement accompanying this notice (including the annexes thereto) for a more complete description of the proposed Business Combination and related transactions and each of the Proposals. We encourage you to read this proxy statement carefully. If you have any questions or need assistance voting your shares, you may call Sodali & Co, CEP’s proxy solicitor, at (203) 658-9400 (banks and brokers) or email at CEP@investor.sodali.com.
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Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |
IF YOU RETURN YOUR PROXY CARD WITHOUT AN INDICATION OF HOW YOU WISH TO VOTE, YOUR SHARES WILL BE VOTED IN FAVOR OF EACH OF THE PROPOSALS.
IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS, YOU MUST, NO LATER THAN 5:00 P.M. EASTERN TIME ON , 2025 (TWO BUSINESS DAYS PRIOR TO THE MEETING), DEMAND THAT CEP REDEEM YOUR PUBLIC SHARES FOR CASH BY (A) DELIVERING A NOTICE TO CEP’S TRANSFER AGENT AND (B) TENDERING YOUR PUBLIC SHARES TO CEP’S TRANSFER AGENT. YOU MAY TENDER YOUR PUBLIC SHARES BY EITHER DELIVERING YOUR SHARE CERTIFICATE TO THE TRANSFER AGENT OR BY DELIVERING YOUR PUBLIC SHARES ELECTRONICALLY USING THE DEPOSITORY TRUST COMPANY’S DWAC (DEPOSIT WITHDRAWAL AT CUSTODIAN) SYSTEM. WHETHER OR NOT, OR HOW, YOU VOTE ON ANY PROPOSAL WILL NOT AFFECT YOUR ELIGIBILITY FOR EXERCISING REDEMPTION RIGHTS. IF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION IS NOT COMPLETED, THEN YOUR PUBLIC SHARES WILL NOT BE CONVERTED INTO CASH AT THIS TIME IN CONNECTION WITH THE BUSINESS COMBINATION. IF YOU HOLD YOUR PUBLIC SHARES IN “STREET NAME,” YOU WILL NEED TO INSTRUCT THE ACCOUNT EXECUTIVE AT YOUR BANK OR BROKER TO WITHDRAW THE PUBLIC SHARES FROM YOUR ACCOUNT IN ORDER TO EXERCISE YOUR REDEMPTION RIGHTS. SEE “EXTRAORDINARY GENERAL MEETING OF CEP SHAREHOLDERS — REDEMPTION RIGHTS” FOR MORE SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
This document incorporates important business and financial information about CEP filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that is not included in or delivered with this document. You can obtain any of the documents filed with the SEC by CEP at no cost from the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov. You may also request copies of these documents, including documents incorporated by reference into this document, at no cost, by contacting CEP. Please see “Where You Can Find More Information” for more details. In order to receive timely delivery of the documents in advance of the Meeting, you should make your request to
Cantor Equity Partners, Inc.
110 East 59th Street
New York, New York 10022
Email: CantorEquityPartners@cantor.com
or
Sodali & Co
430 Park Avenue, 14th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (800) 662-5200
Bank and Brokers can call at (203) 658-9400
Email: CEP@investor.sodali.com
To obtain timely delivery, you must request the information no later than five business days before the date you must make their investment decision.
No person is authorized to give any information or to make any representation with respect to the matters that this proxy statement/prospectus describes other than those contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, and, if given or made, the information or representation must not be relied upon as having been authorized by CEP, Pubco or Twenty One. This proxy statement/prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy securities or a solicitation of a proxy in any jurisdiction where, or to any person to whom, it is unlawful to make such an offer or a solicitation. Neither the delivery of this proxy statement/prospectus nor any distribution of securities made under this proxy statement/prospectus will, under any circumstances, create an implication that there has been no change in the affairs of CEP, Pubco or Twenty One since the date of this proxy statement/prospectus or that any information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to such date.
You will not be charged for any of these documents that you request. To obtain timely delivery of requested materials, you must request the documents no later than five (5) business days prior to the date of the Meeting.
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SELECTED UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
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Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information |
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CEP’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |
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twenty one’S MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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Annex D: Form of Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation of Pubco |
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Annex K: Sections 238 and 239 of the Cayman Islands Companies Act |
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ii
About This Proxy Statement/Prospectus
This document, which forms part of a registration statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC by Pubco (File No. 333- ), constitutes a prospectus of Pubco under Section 5 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), with respect to the shares of Pubco Stock to be issued if the Business Combination described herein is consummated. This document also constitutes a notice of meeting and a proxy statement under Section 14(a) of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), with respect to the Meeting of CEP Shareholders at which CEP Shareholders will be asked to consider and vote upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal, among other matters, as described below:
(1) The Business Combination Proposal — to approve and adopt the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal.”
(2) The Merger Proposal — to approve and authorize the CEP Merger and the CEP Plan of Merger. See the section entitled “The Merger Proposal.”
(3) The NTA Proposal — to approve the NTA Amendment, which shall be effective upon to the consummation of the Business Combination, to remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the limitation that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause its NTA to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon the consummation of an initial business combination. See the section entitled “The NTA Proposal.”
(4) The Organizational Documents Proposals — to consider and vote, on a non-binding advisory basis, upon separate proposals to approve the material differences between the CEP Memorandum and Articles and the Proposed Organizational Documents, specifically to approve:
• Proposal A: changes to the size and composition of the board of directors;
• Proposal B: the change from a classified board of directors to an unclassified board;
• Proposal C: the change that the board of directors is elected by a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock;
• Proposal D: changes related to the parties that may call a special meeting of shareholders;
• Proposal E: the changes to the quorum of the board of directors;
• Proposal F: the changes to the notice of shareholder actions and meetings; and
• Proposal G: the changes to the exclusive forum provision.
See the section entitled “The Organizational Documents Proposals.”
(5) The Nasdaq Proposal — to approve a proposal for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635, the issuance of (i) shares of Pubco Stock in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issuable in repayment of the Sponsor Loan, (iii) Equity PIPE Shares, and (iv) additional shares of Pubco Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance (a) upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement and the PIPE Engagement Letter and (b) pursuant to the Incentive Plan, to the extent such issuances would require shareholder approval under Nasdaq Rule 5635. See the section entitled “The Nasdaq Proposal.”
(6) The Adjournment Proposal — to approve a proposal to adjourn the Meeting to a later date or dates, if it is determined by CEP additional time is necessary or appropriate to complete the Business Combination or for any other reason. See the section entitled “The Adjournment Proposal.”
CEP files reports, proxy statements/prospectuses and other information with the SEC as required by the Exchange Act. You can read CEP’s SEC filings, including this proxy statement/prospectus, over the Internet at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.
This proxy statement/prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell, or a solicitation of an offer to buy, any securities or the solicitation of a proxy, in any jurisdiction to or from any person to whom it is not lawful to make any such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction.
iii
You may request copies of this proxy statement/prospectus, without charge, by written or oral request to CEP’s proxy solicitor at:
Sodali & Co
430 Park Avenue, 14th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (800) 662-5200
Bank and Brokers can call at (203) 658-9400
Email: CEP@investor.sodali.com
To obtain timely delivery of requested materials, you must request the documents no later than five (5) business days prior to the date of the Meeting.
You may also obtain additional information about CEP from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.”
If you intend to seek redemption of your Public Shares, you will need to send a letter demanding redemption (which includes the name of the beneficial owner of the shares) and deliver your Public Shares electronically to CEP’s transfer agent at least two business days prior to the Meeting in accordance with the procedures detailed under the question “How do I exercise my redemption rights?” in the section entitled “Questions and Answers About the Proposals.” If you have questions regarding the certification of your position or delivery of your shares, please contact:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
One State Street Plaza, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
Email: spacredemptions@continentalstock.com
iv
FINANCIAL STATEMENT PRESENTATION
Pubco
Pubco was incorporated in Texas on March 7, 2025, for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination described herein. Pubco currently has no material assets and does not currently operate any businesses. The financial statements of Pubco included in this proxy statement/prospectus have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”).
CEP
The financial statements of CEP included in this proxy statement/prospectus have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Twenty One
Twenty One was incorporated in Delaware on March 7, 2025, as a Delaware corporation, and converted into a Delaware limited liability company on April 17, 2025. The financial statements of Twenty One included in this proxy statement/prospectus have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
This proxy statement/prospectus contains:
• the audited financial statements of Pubco as of June 30, 2025 and for the period from March 7, 2025 to June 30, 2025;
• the audited financial statements of CEP as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 and the unaudited financial statements of CEP as of June 30, 2025, and the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024; and
• the audited financial statements of Twenty One as of April 30, 2025, and for the period from April 17, 2025 (inception) to April 30, 2025 and the unaudited financial statements of Twenty One as of June 30, 2025 and for the period from April 17, 2025 (inception) to June 30, 2025.
Unless indicated otherwise, financial data presented in this proxy statement/prospectus has been taken from the audited and unaudited financial statements of Pubco, CEP and Twenty One, as applicable, included in this proxy statement/prospectus.
In this proxy statement/prospectus, unless otherwise specified, all monetary amounts are in U.S. dollars, all references to “$,” “US$,” “USD” and “dollars” mean U.S. dollars.
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In this proxy statement/prospectus, Pubco, Twenty One and CEP rely on and refer to industry data, information and statistics regarding the markets in which Twenty One competes from publicly available information, industry and general publications and research and studies conducted by third parties. Each of Pubco, Twenty One and CEP has taken such care as it considers reasonable in the extraction and reproduction of information from such data from third-party sources.
Industry publications, research, studies and forecasts generally state that the information they contain has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of such information is not guaranteed. The industry in which Pubco will operate is subject to a high degree of uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described in the section titled “Risk Factors.” Furthermore, such information and data cannot always be verified with complete certainty due to limits on the availability and reliability of data, the voluntary nature of the data gathering process and other limitations and uncertainties. Finally, while each of Pubco, Twenty One and CEP believes its own internal estimates and research are reliable, and is not aware of any misstatements regarding such information and data presented in this proxy statement/prospectus, such research has not been verified by any independent source. Forecasts and other forward-looking information obtained from these sources are subject to the same qualifications and uncertainties as the other forward-looking statements in this proxy statement/prospectus. These forecasts and forward-looking information are subject to uncertainty and risk due to a variety of factors, including those described under the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Risk Factors.” These and other factors could cause results to differ materially from those expressed in the forecasts or estimates from independent third parties and us.
Notwithstanding anything in this proxy statement/prospectus to the contrary, Pubco, Twenty One and CEP are responsible for all disclosures in this proxy statement/prospectus.
TRADEMARKS, TRADE NAMES AND SERVICE MARKS
This proxy statement/prospectus contains references to trademarks and service marks belonging to other entities.
CEP and its affiliates own or have rights to trademarks, trade names and service marks that they use in connection with the operation of their businesses. In addition, their names, logos and website names and addresses are their trademarks or service marks. Other trademarks, trade names and service marks appearing in this proxy statement/prospectus are the property of their respective owners. Solely for convenience, in some cases, the trademarks, trade names and service marks referred to in this proxy statement/prospectus are listed without the applicable ®, ™ and SM symbols, but they will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, their rights to these trademarks, trade names and service marks.
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In this document the following terms, when capitalized, have the following meanings.
“$,” “USD,” “US$” and “U.S. dollar” each refer to the legal currency of the United States.
“10% U.S. Shareholder” means a U.S. Holder who, on the date of the CEP Merger beneficially owns (directly, indirectly or constructively) 10% or more of the total combined voting power or value of CEP.
“2024 SPAC Rules” means the rules and regulations for SPACs adopted by the SEC on January 24, 2024, and which became effective on July 1, 2024.
“25% Redemptions” means a scenario whereby 25%, or 2,500,000, of the Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders.
“50% Redemptions” means a scenario whereby 50%, or 5,000,000, of the Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders.
“75% Redemptions” means a scenario whereby 75%, or 7,500,000, of the Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders.
“100% Redemptions” means a scenario whereby 100%, or 10,000,000, of the Public Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders.
“Accrual Period” means the actual number of calendar days for the period beginning on and including the applicable Accrual Start Date to, but excluding, the Closing Date.
“Accrual Rate” shall mean the sum of (A) the arithmetic average (rounded to the nearest five decimal places) of the Term SOFR Screen Rate on each U.S. Government Securities Business Day during the Accrual Period and (B) 3.00%.
“Acquisition Proposal” means any inquiry, proposal or offer, or any indication of interest in making an offer or proposal, from any person or group at any time relating to an Alternative Transaction.
“Additional PIPE Bitcoin” means the 4,422.688667 Bitcoin purchased by Tether (being equal to 10,500 Bitcoin minus (i) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, minus (ii) the Option PIPE Bitcoin, and minus (iii) the April In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin).
“Additional PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Price” means an amount equal to the Additional PIPE Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price.
“Additional PIPE Bitcoin Sale” means the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco at the Closing in exchange for additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock.
“Adjournment Proposal” means a proposal to adjourn the Meeting to a later date or dates, if it is determined by CEP additional time is necessary or appropriate to complete the Business Combination or for any other reason.
“Affiliate(s)” when used with respect to a particular person, means any other person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such person as of the date on which, or at any time during the period for which, the determination of affiliation is being made, whether through one or more intermediaries or otherwise, and the term “control” (including the terms “controlling,” “controlled by” and “under common control with”) means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
“Alternative Transaction” means (A) with respect to the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Sellers and their respective Affiliates, a transaction (other than the transactions contemplated by Business Combination Agreement and any Ancillary Agreement) concerning the sale of (x) all or any material part of the business or assets of the Company (other than in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice) or (y) any of the shares or other equity interests or profits of the Company, in any case, whether such transaction takes the form of a sale of shares or other equity interests in the Company, assets, merger, consolidation, issuance of debt securities, management contract, joint venture or partnership, or otherwise, (B) with respect to the Sellers, (x) the sale of any portion of Bitcoin that, and only if such sale, would materially prevent or impair the ability of the Sellers to perform their obligations under
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the Contribution Agreement and (y) the sale of any portion of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, and (C) with respect to CEP and its Affiliates, a transaction (other than the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement) concerning an initial business combination involving CEP.
“Amended and Restated Bylaws” means the amended and restated bylaws of Pubco to be adopted in connection with Closing.
“Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation” or “Amended and Restated Pubco Charter” means the amended and restated certificate of formation of Pubco to be adopted in connection with Closing.
“Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement” means the Amended and Restated Registration Agreement to be executed at Closing by and among Pubco, CEP, the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank, in the form attached hereto as Annex H.
“Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement” means Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of July 26, 2025, by and among CEP, Twenty One, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Sellers and, solely for certain limited purposes, SoftBank, a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex A.
“Anchorage” means Anchorage Digital Bank, NA, a digital asset custodian servicing institution.
“Ancillary Agreement(s)” means each agreement, instrument or document attached to the Business Combination Agreement as an exhibit, and the other agreements, certificates and instruments executed or delivered by any of the Parties in connection with or pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement or the Transactions, including the Contribution Agreement, the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreements, the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Services Agreement, the Pubco Charter and the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
“Anniversary Release” means six months after the date of the Closing.
“Applicable Rate” means a percentage (rounded to the nearest five decimal places) obtained by multiplying the Accrual Rate by (A) the Accrual Period, divided by (B) 365 (as mutually agreed by Purchaser and Seller).
“April Equity PIPE” means the proposed issuance and sale by CEP of the April Equity PIPE Shares to the April Equity PIPE Investors to occur immediately prior to the CEP Merger.
“April Equity PIPE Investors” means the investors that entered into the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with CEP and Pubco.
“April Equity PIPE Shares” means the up to 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued by CEP to the April Equity PIPE Investors prior to the CEP Merger.
“April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements” means the Subscription Agreements, dated April 22, 2025, by and among CEP, Pubco and each of the April Equity PIPE Investors.
“April In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin” means the 347.6168 Bitcoin that certain April Equity PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute to CEP in exchange for April Equity PIPE Shares pursuant to their Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements.
“April PIPE Bitcoin” means, collectively, the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the Option PIPE Bitcoin.
“April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount” means (A) the quotient of (x) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin plus the Option PIPE Bitcoin, in each case valued at the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger and (y) three, multiplied by (B) the Applicable Rate.
“April PIPE Investments” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE and the Convertible Notes PIPE.
“April PIPE Investors” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE Investors and the Convertible Note Investors.
“April PIPE Subscription Agreements” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements.
“ASU 2023-08” means the updated accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to address accounting and disclosure of certain crypto assets.
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“ATS(s)” means alternative trading system.
“Base Share Amount” means (A) the lesser of (x) 10,500 multiplied by the Bitcoin Price on the Business Day immediately prior to April 22, 2025, and (y) $1,000,000,000, divided by (B) $10.00 (rounded to the next whole share).
“Bitcoin Price” or “BRRNY” means with respect to any given day, the CME CF Bitcoin Reference Rate — New York Variant index for such day.
“Bitfinex” means iFinex, Inc., a British Virgin Islands company.
“Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States.
“BPS” means a ratio calculated by dividing the amount of Bitcoin held by Twenty One by the outstanding shares of Pubco Stock.
“Broker non-vote” means the failure of a CEP Shareholder who holds his, her or its shares in “street name” through a broker or other nominee to give voting instructions to such broker or other nominee.
“BRR” means the rate at which BPS grows over time.
“Business Combination” or “Transactions” means, collectively, the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements.
“Business Combination Agreement” means the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2025, by and among CEP, Twenty One, Pubco, the CEP Merger Sub, the Sellers and, solely for certain limited purposes, SoftBank, as amended by Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement (and as may be further amended and/or amended and restated), a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex A.
“Business Combination Marketing Agreement” means the letter agreement, dated August 12, 2024, by and between CF&Co. and CEP.
“Business Combination Proposal” means a proposal to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination.
“Business Day(s)” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a legal holiday on which commercial banking institutions in New York, New York, Austin, Texas and the Cayman Islands are authorized to close for business or for purposes of the Pre-Closing Restructuring, any day on which the Delaware Secretary of State is authorized to close for business.
“Business Plan Covenant” means the covenant given in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement in which Tether gives a covenant to SoftBank to not take any actions that would result in Pubco engaging in a business that is inconsistent with the operations reflected in an agreed-upon business plan or in any communication made to Nasdaq, any securities exchange or the SEC through the closing of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
“Cantor” means Cantor Fitzgerald, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, an affiliate of the Sponsor and CF&Co. and, prior to the Closing, CEP.
“Cantor Sale Transaction” means the agreements entered into on May 16, 2025, by Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM.
“Cayman Act” or “Cayman Companies Act” means the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands.
“CEP” means Cantor Equity Partners, Inc., a Cayman Islands exempted company.
“CEP Audit Committee” means the audit committee of the CEP Board.
“CEP Board” means the board of directors of CEP.
“CEP Class A Ordinary Shares” means class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of CEP.
“CEP Class B Ordinary Shares” means class B ordinary shares, par value $0.0001 per share, of CEP.
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“CEP Compensation Committee” means the compensation committee of the CEP Board.
“CEP Dissenting Shares” means the CEP Ordinary Shares of CEP Shareholders who have properly demanded dissenters’ rights for their CEP Ordinary Shares in accordance with the Cayman Act (and not waived, withdrawn or otherwise lost such rights).
“CEP Founder Shares” or “Founder Shares” means, initially, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsor for $25,000 in a private placement prior to the CEP IPO; provided that following the Closing, CEP Founder Shares shall refer to the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor in exchange for CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the CEP Merger, after the conversion of CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles and after giving effect to the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Sponsor Support Agreement and Securities Exchange Agreement.
“CEP IPO” means the initial public offering of the Public Shares by CEP which was consummated on August 14, 2024.
“CEP IPO Prospectus” means the final prospectus of CEP, dated as of August 12, 2024, and filed with the SEC (File No. 333-280230) on August 13, 2024.
“CEP Loans” means the Sponsor Loan, the Sponsor Note and any other loan made to CEP by the Sponsor.
“CEP Material Contract(s)” means the contracts to which CEP is a party or by which any of its properties or assets may be bound, subject or affected, which (i) creates or imposes a liability greater than $100,000, (ii) may not be canceled by CEP on less than sixty (60) days’ prior notice without payment of a material penalty or termination fee or (iii) prohibits, prevents, restricts or impairs in any material respect any business practice of CEP as its business is currently conducted, any acquisition of material property by CEP or restricts in any material respect the ability of CEP from closing the Business Combination.
“CEP Memorandum and Articles” means the amended and restated memorandum and articles of association of CEP as of the date hereof, as amended and in effect under the Cayman Act.
“CEP Merger” means the merger of CEP with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Company.
“CEP Merger Effective Time” means the time on the date of Closing when the CEP Plan of Merger is registered by the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act (or such other time as specified in the CEP Plan of Merger).
“CEP Merger Sub” means Twenty One Merger Sub D, a Cayman Islands exempted company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pubco.
“CEP Ordinary Shares” means collectively, the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares.
“CEP Plan of Merger” means the plan of merger entered into by CEP Merger Sub, CEP and Pubco.
“CEP Pre-Closing Statement” means the pre-Closing statement to be delivered by CEP prior to the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement.
“CEP Private Placement” means the sale of the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor that occurred concurrently with the CEP IPO.
“CEP Private Placement Shares” means the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares purchased by the Sponsor in the CEP Private Placement.
“CEP Shareholder Approval Matters” means the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal.
“CEP Shareholders” means the holders of CEP Ordinary Shares.
“CEP Subsidiaries” means CEP Subsidiary A, CEP Subsidiary B and Company Merger Sub.
“CEP Subsidiary A” means CEP Sub A, Inc.,a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of CEP.
“CEP Subsidiary B” means CEP Sub B, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of CEP Subsidiary A.
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“CEP Surviving Subsidiary” means CEP Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity after CEP merges with and into CEP Merger Sub in the CEP Merger.
“Certificate of Merger” means the certificate filed the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware to certify the Company Merger.
“CF&Co.” means Cantor Fitzgerald & Co., a New York general partnership, the representative of the underwriters in the CEP IPO and an affiliate of the Sponsor, Cantor and, prior to the Closing, CEP.
“CFGM” means CF Group Management, Inc., a New York corporation, the managing general partner of Cantor.
“CFIUS” means the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States.
“CFTC” means the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.
“Chapter 11” means 11 U.S.C. §§ 1101 to 1174 in the United States Bankruptcy Code.
“Charter Effectiveness Date” means the effective date of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation.
“CLARITY Act” means the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on July 17, 2025 that is now awaiting Senate action.
“Class A Merger Consideration Shares” means an aggregate number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock equal to (a) the product of (1) 31,500, multiplied by (2) the Signing Bitcoin Price ($84,863.57), divided by (b) $10.00.
“Class B Merger Consideration Shares” means an aggregate number of shares of Pubco Class B Stock equal to (a) the product of (1) 31,500, multiplied by (2) the Signing Bitcoin Price ($84,863.57), divided by (b) $10.00.
“Closing” means the closing of the Transactions.
“Closing Date” means the date of the Closing.
“CME” means CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited.
“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
“Collateral Agent” means Anchorage Digital Bank, N.A.
“Combination Period” means the 24-month period that CEP has to consummate an initial business combination from the closing of the CEP IPO to August 14, 2026, or such earlier date as determined by the CEP Board, or as such date may be extended pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles.
“Commodity Exchange Act” means the Commodity Exchange Act of 1936.
“Company Class A Interests” means class A common membership interests of the Company.
“Company Class B Interests” means class B common membership interests of the Company.
“Company Interests” means Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests.
“Company Merger” means the merger of Twenty One with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub as the Company Surviving Subsidiary.
“Company Merger Effective Time” means at the time on the date of Closing when the Certificate of Merger has been duly accepted for filing by the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with the DGCL (or such other time as specified in the Certificate of Merger) but at least two hours after the completion of the CEP Merger.
“Company Merger Sub” means CEP Merger Sub C, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a wholly owned subsidiary of CEP Subsidiary B.
“Company Surviving Subsidiary” means the surviving company after the Company Merger.
“Contribution” means the contribution to be made immediately prior to Closing, pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, of (i) 24,500 Bitcoin by Tether to Twenty One, and (ii) 7,000 Bitcoin by Bitfinex to Twenty One, for an aggregate contribution of 31,500 Bitcoin.
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“Contribution Agreement” means the Contribution Agreement, dated April 22, 2025, by and among Twenty One, Tether and Bitfinex.
“Convertible Note Investors” means the investors that entered into the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with CEP and Pubco.
“Convertible Notes” means the 1.00% convertible senior secured notes due 2030 to be issued by Pubco pursuant to the Indenture.
“Convertible Notes PIPE” means the proposed sale and issuance of Convertible Notes pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements and the agreements with the Sponsor and CF&Co. in an aggregate principal amount of $486,500,000 (inclusive of the Option Notes).
“Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements” means the Subscription Agreements, dated April 22, 2025, by and among Pubco, CEP and each of the Convertible Note Investors.
“CST” means Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company, transfer agent of CEP and trustee of the Trust Account.
“D&O Indemnified Persons” means the current or former directors and officers of CEP, the Company, Pubco, the CEP Subsidiaries or CEP Merger Sub.
“DGCL” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.
“Directors” means the directors of Pubco from time to time, and each a Director.
“DTC” means The Depository Trust Company.
“DWAC” means DTC’s Deposit Withdrawal at Custodian service.
“Effective Date” means the date this Registration Statement is effective.
“Effective Time” means the Company Merger Effective Time and the CEP Merger Effective Time.
“EGS” means Ellenoff, Grossman & Schole LLP.
“Electing Shareholder” means a U.S. Holder of a PFIC that made either a timely and effective QEF election, a QEF election along with a purging election or an MTM election.
“Engagement Letter Notes” means the Convertible Notes, if any, to be issued to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter.
“Engagement Letters” means the PIPE Engagement Letter and the M&A Engagement Letter.
“Equity PIPEs” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE and the June Equity PIPE.
“Equity PIPE Investors” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE Investors and the June Equity PIPE Investors.
“Equity PIPE Shares” means the up to 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued by CEP to the Equity PIPE Investors prior to the CEP Merger.
“Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements” means, collectively, the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements.
“ETF(s)” means exchange-traded funds.
“ETP(s)” means exchange-traded products.
“Exchange Act” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
“Exchange Notes” means the Convertible Notes to be issued to the Sponsor immediately after the Closing pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement.
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“Exchange Shares” means the Founder Shares that the Sponsor will transfer and assign to Pubco in exchange for the Exchange Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, in an amount equal to the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor in exchange for its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and retained by the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement, less 3,415,104.
“FATCA” means the United States Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act.
“FCA” means the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority.
“FDIC” means Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
“FSMA 2023” means the Financial Services and Markets Act 2023 adopted and implemented by the United Kingdom in June 2023.
“GENIUS Act” means the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act passed by the U.S. Congress on July 17, 2025, which was signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 18, 2025.
“Governance Term Sheet” means the Governance Term Sheet, dated April 22, 2025, by and among Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank.
“Holder” refers to the Seller and SoftBank, for purposes of the section “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements––Lock-Up Agreements”.
“In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin” means, collectively, the April In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin and the June In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin.
“Incentive Plan” means the Twenty One Capital, Inc. 2025 Stock Incentive Plan, to be adopted prior to Closing, as amended from time to time.
“Indenture” means the Indenture to be executed at Closing by Pubco, the Collateral Agent and the Trustee, in the form attached as an exhibit to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements.
“Initial Convertible Notes PIPE” means the proposed sale and issuance of the Subscription Notes pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million.
“Initial PIPE Bitcoin” means the 4,812.220927 Bitcoin that Tether purchased within ten (10) Business Days of the execution of the Business Combination Agreement in an amount equal to the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds.
“Initial PIPE Bitcoin Sale” means the sale of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco, using the proceeds of the April PIPE Investments, at the Closing for a purchase price equal to the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds.
“Initial PIPE Net Proceeds” means $458.7 million, being equal to the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the April PIPE Investments less a holdback of $52 million.
“Insider Letter” means the letter agreement, dated as of August 12, 2024, and as amended, by and among CEP, the Sponsor and the officers and directors of CEP at the time of the CEP IPO.
“Interim Period” means the period from the date of the Business Combination Agreement until the earlier of (a) the Closing or (b) the termination of the Business Combination Agreement in accordance with its terms.
“Investment Company Act” means the United States Investment Company Act of 1940.
“IRA” means United States Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
“Issue Date” means the date the Convertible Notes are issued.
“JOBS Act” means the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended.
“June Equity PIPE” means the proposed issuance and sale by CEP of the June Equity PIPE Shares to the June Equity PIPE Investors to occur immediately prior to the CEP Merger.
“June Equity PIPE Investors” means the investors that entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with CEP and Pubco.
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“June Equity PIPE Shares” means the up to 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued by CEP to the June Equity PIPE Investors prior to the CEP Merger.
“June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements” means the Subscription Agreements, dated June 19, 2025, by and among CEP, Pubco and each of the June Equity PIPE Investors.
“June In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin” means the 132.9547 Bitcoin that certain June Equity PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute to CEP in exchange for June Equity PIPE Shares pursuant to their respective June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements.
“June PIPE Bitcoin” means the 1,381.15799423 Bitcoin that Tether purchased in an amount equal to the June Equity PIPE Net Proceeds.
“June PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount” means (A) the June PIPE Bitcoin valued at the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger multiplied by (B) SoftBank’s percentage ownership of Pubco at the Closing after giving effect to the transfer of the SoftBank Shares pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, but excluding the effect of the June Equity PIPE, multiplied by (C) the Applicable Rate.
“June PIPE Bitcoin Purchase and Sale Agreement” means the sale and purchase agreement, dated as of June 23, 2025, by and among Tether, Pubco, SoftBank and, solely for certain limited purposes, CEP, pursuant to which Tether agreed to purchase the June PIPE Bitcoin.
“June PIPE Bitcoin Sale” means the sale of the June PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco, using the proceeds of the June Equity PIPE, at the Closing for a purchase price equal to the June PIPE Net Proceeds.
“June PIPE Net Proceeds” means an amount equal to approximately $147.5 million, being the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE less a holdback of $3.3 million.
“Lock-Up Agreement(s)” means the Lock-Up Agreement to be executed at Closing by Pubco and each of the Sellers and SoftBank, the form of which is attached hereto as Annex F.
“M&A Engagement Letter” means the letter agreement, dated as of April 22, 2025, by and between CEP and CF&Co. for CF&Co. to provide financial advisory services to CEP in connection with the Business Combination.
“Maples” means Maples and Calder (Cayman) LLP.
“Meeting” or the “Extraordinary General Meeting” means the extraordinary general meeting of CEP Shareholders, to be held on , 2025 at a.m. Eastern Time.
“Merger Consideration Shares” means the Class A Merger Consideration Shares together with the Class B Merger Consideration Shares.
“Merger Proposal” means the proposal to approve and authorize the CEP Merger and the CEP Plan of Merger.
“Mergers” means the CEP Merger and the Company Merger.
“MiCA” means the European Union’s Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation.
“MLRs” means the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017.
“MTM” means market-to-market.
“Nasdaq” means The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC.
“Nasdaq Proposal” means the proposal for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635, the issuance of (i) shares of Pubco Stock in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issuable in repayment of the Sponsor Loan, (iii) Equity PIPE Shares, and (iv) the additional shares of Pubco Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance (a) upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement and the PIPE Engagement Letter and (b) pursuant to the Incentive Plan, to the extent such issuances would require stockholder approval under Nasdaq Rule 5635.
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“Nasdaq Rule(s)” means The Nasdaq Stock Market Listing Rule(s).
“Net Settlement Shares” means the number of shares equal to (A) (x) the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount plus the April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount, divided by (y) $10.00 plus (B) the June PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount, divided by $21.00 (rounded to the next whole share).
“No Redemptions” means a scenario whereby none of the Public Shareholders redeem their Public Shares.
“Non-U.S. Holder” means a beneficial owner of Public Shares that, for United States federal income tax purposes, is not a U.S. Holder or a partnership or other entity classified as a partnership for United States federal income tax purposes.
“NTA” means net tangible assets.
“NTA Amendment” means an amendment to the CEP Memorandum and Articles to remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the limitation that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause its NTA to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon the consummation of an initial business combination.
“NTA Proposal” means the proposal to approve the NTA Amendment, which shall be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination.
“NTBV” means net tangible book value.
“NYSE” means the New York Stock Exchange.
“OCC” means the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency of the United States.
“Odeon” means Odeon Capital Group LLC.
“Option” means the option granted by Pubco during the Option Period to the Convertible Notes Investors to purchase $100,000,000 additional principal amount of Convertible Notes, which was fully subscribed for by Convertible Notes Investors.
“Option Notes” means the additional Convertible Notes subscribed to by certain Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor on May 22, 2025, pursuant to the Option.
“Option Period” means the 30-day period from April 22, 2025 to May 22, 2025, during which Convertible Note Investors must exercise the Option.
“Option PIPE Bitcoin” means the 917.47360612 Bitcoin purchased by Tether within ten (10) Business Days of the end of the Option Period in an amount equal to the Option PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Amount.
“Option PIPE Bitcoin Sale” means the sale of the Option PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco, using the proceeds of the PIPE Investments, at the Closing for a purchase price equal to the Option PIPE Net Proceeds.
“Option PIPE Net Proceeds” means $99,500,000, being an amount equal to the gross proceeds of the Option Notes less a holdback of 0.5% of the gross proceeds of the Option Notes.
“Organizational Documents Proposals” means each of the proposals to approve the material differences between CEP Memorandum and Articles and Pubco Charter to be effective upon the completion of the Business Combination, specifically to approve:
• Proposal A: changes to the size and composition of the board of directors;
• Proposal B: the change from a classified board of directors to an unclassified board;
• Proposal C: the change that the board of directors is elected by a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock;
• Proposal D: changes related to the parties that may call a special meeting of shareholders;
• Proposal E: the changes to the quorum of the board of directors;
• Proposal F: the changes to the notice of shareholder actions and meetings; and
• Proposal G: the changes to the exclusive forum provision.
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“OTC” means over the counter.
“Parties” means the parties to the Business Combination Agreement, being CEP, Twenty One, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank.
“PCAOB” means the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board.
“PFIC(s)” means a passive foreign investment company.
“PIPE” means private investment in public equity.
“PIPE Bitcoin” means the Option PIPE Bitcoin, the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the June PIPE Bitcoin.
“PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount” means the April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount and the June PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount.
“PIPE Bitcoin Sale” means the sale of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, the Option PIPE Bitcoin and the June PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco.
“PIPE Digital Wallets” means the digital wallet held or operated by or on behalf of Tether containing the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and Option PIPE Bitcoin.
“PIPE Documents” means the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Indenture, the Security Agreement and the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, collectively.
“PIPE Engagement Letter” means the letter agreement, dated April 22, 2025, by and among CF&Co., CEP and Pubco, as amended by the amendment thereto, dated as of June 25, 2025, pursuant to which CF&Co. has agreed to provide placement agent services in connection with each of the PIPE Investments and certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services to Pubco.
“PIPE Investments” means the Equity PIPEs and the Convertible Notes PIPE.
“PIPE Investors” means the Equity PIPE Investors and the Convertible Note Investors.
“PIPE Net Proceeds” means the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds and the Option PIPE Net Proceeds.
“PIPE Subscription Agreements” means, collectively, the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements and the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
“Proposals” means the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal.
“Proposed Organizational Documents” means the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and the Amended and Restated Bylaws.
“proxy statement/prospectus” means this proxy statement/prospectus included in the Registration Statement.
“Pubco” means Twenty One Capital, Inc., a Texas corporation.
“Pubco Board” means the board of directors of Pubco.
“Pubco Bylaws” means the bylaws of Pubco currently in effect.
“Pubco Charter” means the certificate of formation of Pubco currently in effect.
“Pubco Class A Stock” means the shares of class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Pubco.
“Pubco Class B Stock” means the shares of class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Pubco.
“Pubco Stock” means the shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Pubco; provided that from and after the Closing, Pubco Stock shall refer to, collectively, the Pubco Class A Stock and the Pubco Class B Stock.
“Public Shareholders” means the holders of Public Shares.
“Public Shares” means the 10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the CEP IPO.
“QEF” means qualified electing fund.
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“Record Date” means September 17, 2025, the record date for the Meeting.
“Redeeming Non-U.S. Holder” means a Non-U.S. Holder that elects to have their Public Shares converted for cash.
“Redeeming U.S. Holder” means a U.S. Holder that converts its Public Shares into cash.
“Redemption Event” has the meaning set forth in the definition of Sponsor Note.
“Registration Statement” means the Registration Statement on Form S-4 (Registration No. 333- ) filed by Pubco with the SEC of which this proxy statement/prospectus forms a part.
“Regulation S-K” means Regulation S-K of the Securities Act.
“Required Shareholder Approval” means the approval of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters that are submitted to the vote of the CEP Shareholders at the Meeting in accordance with this proxy statement/prospectus, by the requisite vote of the CEP Shareholders at the Meeting, in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles, applicable law and this proxy statement/prospectus.
“Resale Registration Statement” means the registration statement on Form S-1 to be by Pubco with the SEC after the Closing to register the resale of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes.
“Restricted Securities” means the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by each Seller and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank.
“S&C” means Sullivan & Cromwell LLP.
“SAB” means the Staff Accounting Bulletin issued by the SEC.
“Sarbanes-Oxley Act” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as may be amended.
“SEC” means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.
“Securities Act” means the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
“Securities Exchange Agreement” means the Securities Exchange Agreement to be executed by and between Pubco and the Sponsor at Closing, a form of which is attached to the Sponsor Support Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A of Annex G.
“Security Agreement” means the Security Agreement to be executed at Closing by Pubco and the Collateral Agent, in the form attached as an exhibit to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements and attached hereto as Annex I.
“Sellers” means the shareholders of Twenty One prior to the Closing, being Tether and Bitfinex.
“Senior Management” and “Senior Managers” refer to those persons named as officers of Twenty One and, following the consummation of the Business Combination, of Pubco, in the section titled “Management of Pubco Following the Business Combination.”
“Services Agreement” means the Services Agreement to be executed at Closing by and between Pubco and Tether in the form attached as an exhibit to the Business Combination Agreement and attached hereto as Annex J.
“Signing Bitcoin Price” means $84,863.57 (which is equal to the average Bitcoin Price for the ten-day period ending April 21, 2025, the day prior to the date of the Business Combination Agreement).
“Skadden” means Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom (UK) LLP.
“SoftBank” means Stellar Beacon LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
“SoftBank Bitcoin Amount” means 10,500 multiplied by the Bitcoin Price on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger.
“SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount” means an amount equal to (A) the lesser of (x) the SoftBank Bitcoin Amount and (y) $1,000,000,000 multiplied by (B) the Applicable Rate.
“SoftBank Purchase Agreement” means the sale and purchase agreement, dated as of April 22, 2025, as amended and restated on June 23, 2025, by and between Tether and SoftBank.
“SoftBank Shares” means an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock purchased by SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
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“SPAC” means a special purpose acquisition company.
“SPAC Guidance” means the guidance issued by the SEC to the 2024 SPAC Rules.
“Sponsor” means Cantor EP Holdings, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, which is 100% owned by Cantor.
“Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement” means the subscription agreement, dated May 22, 2025, by and among the Sponsor, CEP and Pubco.
“Sponsor Loan” means the amended and restated promissory note entered into by CEP in favor of the Sponsor on November 5, 2024, and effective as of August 12, 2024, evidencing the loan of up to $1,750,000 committed to CEP by the Sponsor to fund CEP’s expenses after the CEP IPO and prior to a business combination relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements.
“Sponsor Note” means the promissory note entered into by CEP in favor of the Sponsor on August 12, 2024, evidencing the loan the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with the consummation of a business combination, an extension of the Combination Period or CEP’s liquidation (each, a “Redemption Event”), such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares.
“Sponsor Support Agreement” means the Sponsor Support Agreement, dated April 22, 2025, by and among Pubco, CEP and the Sponsor.
“Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment” means Amendment No. 1 to Sponsor Support Agreement, dated June 25, 2025, by and among Pubco, CEP and the Sponsor.
“Strike” means Strike Limited.
“Subscription Notes” means Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million.
“TBOC” means the Texas Business Organizations Code.
“Term SOFR Screen Rate” shall mean the forward-looking SOFR term rate for a 3-month tenor administered by CME (or any successor administrator determined by Purchaser in consultation with Seller) and published on the applicable Reuters screen page (or such other commercially available source providing such quotations as may be designated by Purchaser in consultation with Seller).
“Tether” means Tether Investments, S.A. de C.V., an El Salvador Sociedad anónima de capital variable.
“Texas Business Combination Law” means the Business Organizations Code adopted by the State of Texas.
“Treasury Regulations” means regulations promulgated by the United States Department of the Treasury.
“Trust Account” means the trust account of CEP that holds the net proceeds of the CEP IPO and the CEP Private Placement.
“Trust Agreement” means the Investment Management Trust Agreement, dated as of August 12, 2024, by and between CEP and CST.
“Trustee” means U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association.
“Twenty One” or “Company” means Twenty One Assets, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company.
“U.S.” means the United States of America.
“U.S. GAAP” or “GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.
“Withholding Shares” means the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock that Tether may withhold from transferring to SoftBank pursuant to the terms of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
“Withum” means WithumSmith+Brown, PC.
“Working Capital Loans” means the funds that the Sponsor or an affiliate of the Sponsor, or certain of CEP’s officers and directors may, but are not obligated to, loan CEP as may be required if the Sponsor Loan is insufficient to cover the working capital requirements of CEP.
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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this proxy statement/prospectus may constitute “forward-looking statements” for purposes of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding CEP, Pubco, Twenty One and their respective management teams’ expectations, hopes, beliefs, intentions or strategies regarding the future. In addition, any statements that refer to projections, forecasts or other characterizations of future events or circumstances, including any underlying assumptions, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intends,” “may,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “strive,” “will,” “would” and similar expressions may identify forward-looking statements, but the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Forward-looking statements in this proxy statement/prospectus may include, for example, statements about:
• financial results or strategies regarding Pubco,
• Twenty One and the Transactions and statements regarding the anticipated benefits and timing of the completion of the Transactions,
• the assets held by Pubco,
• the price and volatility of Bitcoin,
• Bitcoin’s growing prominence as a digital asset and as the foundation of a new financial system,
• Pubco’s listing on any securities exchange,
• the macro and political conditions surrounding Bitcoin,
• the planned business strategy including Pubco’s ability to develop a corporate architecture capable of supporting financial products built with and on Bitcoin and future innovations that will replace legacy financial tools with Bitcoin-aligned alternatives,
• Pubco’s ability to grow its Bitcoin per share, and Bitcoin return rate,
• Pubco’s ability to build Bitcoin financial services and build on top of Bitcoin with high-margin, high-growth cash flow opportunities,
• Pubco’s ability to give its shareholders Bitcoin exposure to participate in Bitcoin in the capital markets plans and use of proceeds as well as any potential future capital raises,
• objectives of management for future operations of Pubco,
• the upside potential and opportunity for investors,
• Pubco’s plan for value creation and strategic advantages, market size and growth opportunities, technological and market trends,
• future financial condition and performance and expected financial impacts of the Transactions, and
• the satisfaction of closing conditions to the Transactions.
These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, and current expectations, forecasts and assumptions and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the views of CEP, Pubco or Twenty One as of any subsequent date, and neither CEP, Twenty One nor Pubco undertake any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
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You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements in deciding how to grant your proxy or to instruct how your vote should be cast or how you should vote your shares on the Proposals. As a result of a number of known and unknown risks and uncertainties, the actual results or performance of Pubco may be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Some factors that could cause actual results to differ include:
• the risk that the Transactions may not be completed in a timely manner or at all, which may adversely affect the price of securities of CEP or Pubco;
• the risk that the Transactions may not be completed by the end of the Combination Period;
• the failure by the parties to satisfy the conditions to the consummation of the Transactions, including the approval of CEP Shareholders, or either of the PIPE Investments;
• failure to realize the anticipated benefits of the Transactions;
• the level of redemptions of the Public Shareholders which may reduce the public float of, reduce the liquidity of the trading market of, and/or maintain the quotation, listing or trading of the Public Shares or the shares of Pubco Class A Stock;
• the lack of a third-party fairness opinion in determining whether or not to pursue the Transactions;
• the failure of Pubco to obtain or maintain the listing of its securities on any securities exchange after the Closing;
• costs related to the Transactions and as a result of Pubco becoming a public company;
• changes in business, market, financial, political and regulatory conditions;
• risks relating to Pubco’s anticipated operations and business, including the highly volatile nature of the price of Bitcoin;
• the risk that Pubco’s stock price will be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin and the price of Bitcoin may decrease between the signing of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing or at any time after the Closing;
• risks related to increased competition in the industries in which Pubco will operate;
• risks relating to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty regarding Bitcoin;
• risks relating to the treatment of crypto assets for U.S. and foreign tax purposes;
• risks that after the Closing, Pubco experiences difficulties managing its growth and expanding operations;
• the risks that growing Pubco’s learning programs and educational content could be difficult;
• challenges in implementing Pubco’s business plan including Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, due to operational challenges, significant competition and regulation;
• Pubco being considered to be a “shell company” by any securities exchange on which Pubco Class A Stock will be listed or by the SEC, which may impact Pubco’s ability to list Pubco Class A Stock and restrict reliance on certain rules or forms in connection with the offering, sale or resale of securities;
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• the outcome of any potential legal proceedings that may be instituted against Pubco, CEP or others following the announcement of the Transactions, and
• other risks and uncertainties described in this proxy statement/prospectus, including those under the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
While forward-looking statements reflect CEP’s, Pubco’s and Twenty One’s good faith beliefs, as applicable, they are not guarantees of future performance. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, CEP, Pubco and Twenty One disclaim any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statement to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, data or methods, future events or other changes after the date of this proxy statement/prospectus. For a further discussion of these and other factors that could cause CEP’s, Pubco’s and Twenty One’s future results, performance or transactions to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement, please see the section entitled “Risk Factors.” You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based only on information currently available to CEP, Pubco and Twenty One.
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Questions and Answers About the Proposals
The questions and answers below highlight only selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus and only briefly address some commonly asked questions about the Meeting and the Proposals. The following questions and answers do not include all the information that is important to CEP Shareholders. CEP Shareholders are urged to carefully read this entire proxy statement/prospectus, including the annexes and the other documents referred to herein, to fully understand the proposed Business Combination and the voting procedures for the Meeting.
Q: Why am I receiving this proxy statement/prospectus?
A: On April 22, 2025, CEP, Pubco, Twenty One, CEP Merger Sub, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended on July 26, 2025) pursuant to which they agreed to effect the Business Combination on the terms set forth therein and as is described in this proxy statement/prospectus. CEP Shareholders are being asked to vote to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination. The Business Combination Agreement provides that, among other things:
(i) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary in the CEP Merger, as a result of which CEP Shareholders will receive one share of Pubco Class A Stock for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by such CEP Shareholder; and
(ii) Twenty One will merge with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which each Seller will be entitled to receive its pro rata share of (i) a number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock equal to (a) the product of 31,500, multiplied by $84,863.57 (which is the Signing Bitcoin Price) and (b) divided by $10.00 and (ii) a number of shares of Pubco Class B Stock equal to the product of (a) 31,500, multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by (b) $10.00. Each Seller will receive its pro rata share of the Class A Merger Consideration Shares and Class B Merger Consideration Shares, respectively, based on the number of Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests owned by such Seller at Closing, divided by the total number of Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests owned by all Sellers.
Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 22, 2025, (i) the Convertible Notes Investors agreed to make a private investment in Pubco by purchasing Convertible Notes in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE, for an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million plus the Option to purchase up to an additional $100 million of Convertible Notes, which option was exercised in full on May 22, 2025, resulting in a total aggregate principal amount of $486.5 million of Convertible Notes, including the Exchange Notes and the Engagement Letter Notes, and (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors agreed to make a private investment in CEP by purchasing 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the April Equity PIPE for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million (at $10.00 per share), payable in either cash or Bitcoin, with April Equity PIPE Investors having elected to purchase an aggregate of 2,950,000 April Equity PIPE Shares for 347.6168 Bitcoin and 17,050,000 April Equity PIPE Shares for cash. On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the June Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million (at $21.00 per share), payable in either cash or Bitcoin, with June Equity PIPE Investors having elected to purchase an aggregate of 676,191 June Equity PIPE Shares for 132.9547 Bitcoin and 7,180,952 June Equity PIPE Shares for cash.
For more information about the PIPE Investments and other arrangements contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination Agreement” and “Other Transaction Agreements.”
This proxy statement/prospectus and its Annexes contain important information about the proposed Business Combination and the other matters to be acted upon at the Meeting. You should read this proxy statement/prospectus and its Annexes carefully and in their entirety.
Q: What is being voted on at the Meeting?
A: CEP Shareholders are being asked to vote to approve the following Proposals:
(1) The Business Combination Proposal — to approve and adopt the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal.”
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(2) The Merger Proposal — to approve and authorize the CEP Merger and the CEP Plan of Merger. See the section entitled “The Merger Proposal.”
(3) The NTA Proposal — to approve the NTA Amendment, which shall be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, to remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the limitation that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause its NTA to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon the consummation of an initial business combination. See the section entitled “The NTA Proposal.”
(4) The Organizational Documents Proposals — to consider and vote, on a non-binding advisory basis, upon separate proposals to approve the material differences between the CEP Memorandum and Articles and the Proposed Organizational Documents, specifically to approve:
• Proposal A: changes to the size and composition of the board of directors;
• Proposal B: the change from a classified board of directors to an unclassified board;
• Proposal C: the change that the board of directors is elected by a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock;
• Proposal D: changes related to the parties that may call a special meeting of shareholders;
• Proposal E: the changes to the quorum of the board of directors;
• Proposal F: the changes to the notice of shareholder actions and meetings; and
• Proposal G: the changes to the exclusive forum provision.
See the section entitled “The Organizational Documents Proposals.”
(5) The Nasdaq Proposal — to approve a proposal for the purposes of complying with the applicable provisions of Nasdaq Rule 5635, the issuance of (i) shares of Pubco Stock in connection with the Business Combination, (ii) the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issuable in repayment of the Sponsor Loan, (iii) Equity PIPE Shares, and (iv) additional shares of Pubco Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance (a) upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement and the PIPE Engagement Letter and (b) pursuant to the Incentive Plan, to the extent such issuances would require shareholder approval under Nasdaq Rule 5635. See the section entitled “The Nasdaq Proposal.”
(6) The Adjournment Proposal — to approve a proposal to adjourn the Meeting to a later date or dates, if it is determined by CEP additional time is necessary or appropriate to complete the Business Combination or for any other reason. See the section entitled “The Adjournment Proposal.”
CEP will hold the Meeting to consider and vote upon these Proposals. This proxy statement/prospectus contains important information about the proposed Business Combination and the other matters to be acted upon at the Meeting. CEP Shareholders should read it carefully.
The vote of CEP Shareholders is important. CEP Shareholders are encouraged to vote as soon as possible after carefully reviewing this proxy statement/prospectus.
Q: What will happen to the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the Closing?
A: CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on Nasdaq under the symbol “CEP.” In connection with the Closing, holders of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will receive one share of Pubco Class A Stock for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share they hold at Closing. If Pubco’s application for listing is approved, shares of Pubco Class A Stock are expected to be traded on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange under the symbol “XXI.”
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Q: What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their Affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?
A: Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
Each holder of shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Each holder of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote. Therefore under the above assumptions, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will have approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the voting power of Pubco, respectively, following the Business Combination. Please see the section titled “Description of Pubco Securities” for more details regarding the dual class structure of Pubco Stock, including the voting rights relating thereto.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that all Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers, (vii) SoftBank and (viii) the Convertible Note Investors, in each case, will own approximately 2.6%, 5.2%, 2.0%, 2.2%, 0%, 59.3%, 20.1%, and 8.6% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7%, 25.3% and 0% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
If any of the Public Shareholders exercise their redemption rights, the percentage of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by the Public Shareholders will decrease and the percentages of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by the Equity PIPE Investors, the Sponsor and its Affiliates, the Sellers, SoftBank and, as applicable, the Convertible Note Investors, will each increase, in each case relative to the percentage held if none of the Public Shares are redeemed. Public Shareholders that do not redeem their Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination will experience dilution upon the conversion of any Convertible Notes, the issuance of any shares of Pubco Class A Stock pursuant to the Incentive Plan and other future equity issuances by Pubco that are unanticipated as of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus.
The tables below illustrate varying beneficial ownership levels in Pubco immediately upon Closing, assuming no redemptions by Public Shareholders, 25% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (2,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders), 50% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (5,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders), 75% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (7,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders) and 100% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders). If any of these assumptions are not correct, these percentages will be different.
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Potential ownership of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon Closing (assuming that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock):
|
No Redemptions |
25% Redemptions |
50% Redemptions |
75% Redemptions |
100% Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pubco Shareholders |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||||
|
Public Shareholders |
10,000,000 |
2.9 |
% |
7,500,000 |
2.2 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.5 |
% |
2,500,000 |
0.7 |
% |
— |
0.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
April Equity PIPE Investors |
20,000,000 |
5.8 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.8 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
||||||||||
|
June Equity PIPE Investors |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Cantor(1) |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex(2) |
227,674,879 |
65.6 |
% |
227,674,879 |
66.2 |
% |
227,674,879 |
66.6 |
% |
227,674,879 |
67.2 |
% |
227,674,879 |
67.8 |
% |
||||||||||
|
SoftBank(3) |
77,177,880 |
22.3 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.4 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.6 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.8 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.9 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Total |
346,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
343,989,560 |
100.0 |
% |
341,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
338,989,560 |
100.0 |
% |
336,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
||||||||||
Potential ownership of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon Closing (assuming that all Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share):
|
No Redemptions |
25% Redemptions |
50% Redemptions |
75% Redemptions |
100% Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pubco Shareholders |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||||
|
Public Shareholders |
10,000,000 |
2.6 |
% |
7,500,000 |
2.0 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.3 |
% |
2,500,000 |
0.7 |
% |
— |
0.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
April Equity PIPE Investors |
20,000,000 |
5.2 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.2 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
||||||||||
|
June Equity PIPE Investors |
7,857,143 |
2.0 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Convertible Note Investors(4) |
32,877,615 |
8.6 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.6 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.7 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.7 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.8 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Cantor(5) |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex(2) |
227,674,879 |
59.3 |
% |
227,674,879 |
59.7 |
% |
227,674,879 |
60.0 |
% |
227,674,879 |
60.5 |
% |
227,674,879 |
61.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
SoftBank(3) |
77,177,880 |
20.1 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.2 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.4 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.5 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.6 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Total |
383,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
381,412,636 |
100.0 |
% |
378,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
376,412,636 |
100.0 |
% |
373,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
||||||||||
____________
(1) Includes (a) 2,800,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued in exchange for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares owned by the Sponsor as of the date hereof, (b) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, and (c) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
(2) Includes (a) 267,320,245 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger (based on 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to Twenty One in the Contribution at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin (the Signing Bitcoin Price)), less 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger and transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement as described in footnote (3) below and (b) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued by Pubco to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger and in exchange for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
(3) Assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock to be transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
(4) Assumes all Convertible Notes (including Option Notes) are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share (without adjustment for any change in the Bitcoin Price between signing and Closing in accordance with the Indenture). Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor and CF&Co. as described in footnote (5).
(5) Includes all shares described in footnote (1) above, plus shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor and CF&Co. upon conversion of the $46,300,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and the $12,791,000 Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor.
xxv
Dilution
Dilution per share to Public Shareholders is determined by CEP’s NTBV per share, as adjusted, while excluding the Business Combination, while giving effect to material probable or consummated transactions and other material effects on NTBV per share, from the Public Shareholders as set forth as follows under five redemption scenarios.
The following table illustrates NTBV per share and the change in NTBV per share, as adjusted, following the Closing, including the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Equity PIPE Investors, but excluding the other effects of the Business Combination, while giving effect to probable or consummated transactions that are material and other material effects on NTBV per share. These are presented in relation to the offering price per Public Share in the CEP IPO as set forth as follows under the five redemption scenarios:
|
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
||||||||||||||||
|
Public Shares |
|
10,000,000 |
|
|
7,500,000 |
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
CEP Founder Shares |
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Private Placement Shares |
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|||||
|
Total CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 |
|
12,800,000 |
|
|
10,300,000 |
|
|
7,800,000 |
|
|
5,300,000 |
|
|
2,800,000 |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
Adjusted for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in repayment of the Sponsor Loan |
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued to the Sponsor pursuant to anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles |
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in the Equity PIPE |
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|||||
|
Total CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted |
|
41,636,801 |
|
|
39,136,801 |
|
|
36,636,801 |
|
|
34,136,801 |
|
|
31,636,801 |
|
|||||
|
NTBV as of June 30, |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
|||||
|
Adjusted for(2): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Reclassification of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares subject to redemption to equity |
|
104,166,742 |
|
|
78,125,057 |
|
|
52,083,371 |
|
|
26,041,686 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
Reversal of accrual of $0.15 per Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note |
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
1,125,000 |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
375,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
Transaction expenses to be paid by CEP |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|||||
xxvi
|
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
||||||||||||||||
|
Repayment of the Sponsor Loan in CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|||||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds(3) |
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|||||
|
NTBV as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted |
$ |
468,789,332 |
|
$ |
442,372,647 |
|
$ |
415,955,961 |
|
$ |
389,539,276 |
|
$ |
363,122,590 |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
NTBV per share as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted |
$ |
11.26 |
|
$ |
11.30 |
|
$ |
11.35 |
|
$ |
11.41 |
|
$ |
11.48 |
|
|||||
|
Dilution(4) |
$ |
(1.26 |
) |
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
(1.35 |
) |
$ |
(1.41 |
) |
$ |
(1.48 |
) |
|||||
____________
(1) NTBV is calculated as total assets minus total liabilities and CEP Class A Ordinary Shares subject to redemption as of June 30, 2025.
(2) NTBV is adjusted for (i) payments from the Trust Account at different levels of redemptions to Public Shareholders at the $10.57 per share redemption price as of June 30, 2025; (ii) transaction costs that have not been recorded on CEP’s financial statements as of June 30, 2025, which will have an impact on the calculation of NTBV upon the Closing; (iii) repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, by issuing CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share; and (iv) funding of the Equity PIPE by the Equity PIPE Investors.
(3) Equity PIPE Proceeds is calculated as (i) the cash to be contributed pursuant to the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and (ii) the value of the 347.6168 Bitcoin to be contributed by April Equity PIPE Investors and the 132.9547 Bitcoin to be contributed by June Equity PIPE Investors pursuant to the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements based on the Bitcoin Price as of September 4, 2025 of $109,958.41.
(4) Dilution is calculated by subtracting the NTBV per share as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted, from the $10.00 CEP IPO per share price for the Public Shares.
CEP issued the Public Shares in the CEP IPO at $10.00 per share. After giving effect to the issuance of the Public Shares in the CEP IPO and the 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares to the Sponsor in the CEP Private Placement, there were 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. In connection with the Business Combination, assuming its consummation in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement, immediately after the Closing, Pubco is expected to have outstanding an additional 333,689,560 shares of Pubco Class A Stock, including (i) 27,857,143 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Equity PIPE Investors in the CEP Merger, (ii) 190,142,365 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sellers in the Company Merger (excluding the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank), (iii) 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger that are transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement), (iv) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00), (v) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, and (vi) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025. These shares outstanding exclude the 32,877,615 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (including the Option Notes) to be issued to the Convertible Note Investors and the 4,545,461 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable to the Sponsor and CF&Co. upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, in each case, assuming the applicable conversion price is $13.00 per share. These shares outstanding also assume that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued and outstanding under the Incentive Plan. The tabular disclosure includes presentations of information at various illustrative redemption levels consistent with the “No Redemptions,”
xxvii
“25% Redemptions,” “50% Redemptions,” “75% Redemptions” and “100% Redemptions” scenarios further described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
For purposes of Item 1604(c)(1) of Regulation S-K, Pubco would have 346,489,560 total shares of Pubco Class A Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination under the “No Redemptions” scenario based on the assumptions set forth in the preceding paragraph and as further described above. Where there are no redemptions of Public Shares prior to the Closing, CEP valuation is based on the $10.00 issuance price per Public Share in the CEP IPO and is therefore calculated as: $10.00 (CEP per share CEP IPO price) multiplied by 346,489,560 shares, or $3,464,895,600. The following table illustrates the valuation at the $10.00 issuance price per share in the CEP IPO for each redemption scenario:
|
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
Assuming |
|||||||||||
|
Public Shares outstanding post Business Combination |
|
10,000,000 |
|
7,500,000 |
|
5,000,000 |
|
2,500,000 |
|
— |
|||||
|
Equity PIPE Investors shares outstanding post Business Combination |
|
27,857,143 |
|
27,857,143 |
|
27,857,143 |
|
27,857,143 |
|
27,857,143 |
|||||
|
Cantor shares outstanding post Business Combination(1) |
|
3,779,658 |
|
3,779,658 |
|
3,779,658 |
|
3,779,658 |
|
3,779,658 |
|||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex shares outstanding post Business Combination(2) |
|
227,674,879 |
|
227,674,879 |
|
227,674,879 |
|
227,674,879 |
|
227,674,879 |
|||||
|
SoftBank shares outstanding post Business Combination(3) |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|||||
|
Total shares outstanding post Business Combination |
|
346,489,560 |
|
343,989,560 |
|
341,489,560 |
|
338,989,560 |
|
336,489,560 |
|||||
|
Total valuation based on $10.00 issuance price per share in the CEP IPO |
$ |
3,464,895,600 |
$ |
3,439,895,600 |
$ |
3,414,895,600 |
$ |
3,389,895,600 |
$ |
3,364,895,600 |
|||||
____________
(1) Includes (a) 2,800,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued in exchange for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares owned by the Sponsor as of the date hereof, (b) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, and (c) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
(2) Includes (a) 267,320,245 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger (based on 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to Twenty One in the Contribution at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin (the Signing Bitcoin Price)), less 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger and transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement as described in footnote (3) below and (b) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued by Pubco to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger and in exchange for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
(3) Assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock to be transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
xxviii
The foregoing required disclosure is not a guarantee that the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock will not be below the offering price in the CEP IPO, nor is the required disclosure a guarantee that Pubco will attain any of the levels of valuation presented.
The above discussion and table are based on 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding on June 30, 2025, and exclude the potential dilutive effects associated with the conversion of the Convertible Notes to be issued by Pubco at the Closing.
The above discussion and table also exclude potential dilutive effects associated with future issuances or grants of equity or equity-linked securities by Pubco pursuant to the Incentive Plan.
The aforementioned equity issuances are not the only sources of potential dilution to the relative ownership percentage associated with shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by non-redeeming Public Shareholders after the Closing; any additional equity and equity-linked issuances by Pubco may result in additional dilution to Public Shareholders’ percentage ownership in Pubco, potentially significantly, and may have other effects, as described above and as further described in the “Risk Factors” section of this proxy statement/prospectus.
All of the relative percentages above are for illustrative purposes only and are based upon certain assumptions as described in the section entitled “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Ownership of Pubco After the Transactions” and “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Dilution” as described above. Should one or more of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual ownership percentages may vary materially from those described in this proxy statement/prospectus as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
Q: What conditions must be satisfied or waived to complete the Business Combination?
A: There are a number of closing conditions to the Business Combination in the Business Combination Agreement, including, but not limited to, the following: (i) the receipt of Required Shareholder Approval; (ii) the consummation of the Transactions not being prohibited by applicable law; (iii) effectiveness of the Registration Statement; (iv) the shares of Pubco Class A Stock having been approved for listing on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange; and (v) the April PIPE Investments (exclusive of the Option) having been fully funded in accordance with the respective PIPE Subscription Agreements.
For a summary of all of the conditions that must be satisfied or waived prior to completion of the Business Combination, see the section entitled “The Business Combination — The Business Combination Agreement” and “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements.”
Q: Why is CEP providing CEP Shareholders with the opportunity to vote on the Business Combination?
A: Under the CEP Memorandum and Articles, CEP must provide all Public Shareholders with the opportunity to have their Public Shares redeemed upon the consummation of CEP’s initial business combination either in conjunction with a tender offer or in conjunction with a shareholder vote. For business reasons and pursuant to Cayman Islands law requirements, CEP has elected to structure the Business Combination in such a way as to provide Public Shareholders with the opportunity to have their Public Shares redeemed in connection with a shareholder vote rather than a tender offer. Therefore, CEP is seeking to obtain the approval of the CEP Shareholders of the Business Combination Proposal, among the other Proposals, in order to allow the Public Shareholders to effectuate redemptions of their Public Shares in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination.
Q: Are there any arrangements to help ensure that there will be sufficient funds to consummate the Business Combination?
A: Yes. On April 22, 2025, Pubco and CEP entered into (a) the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with the Convertible Notes Investors who agreed to make a private investment in Pubco by purchasing Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $340.2 million and (b) the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the April Equity PIPE Investors who agreed to make a private investment in CEP by purchasing 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the aggregate amount of $200 million ($10.00 per share), which includes the value of an aggregate of 347.6168 Bitcoin to be invested by certain April Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash. Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco granted the Convertible Note Investors the
xxix
Option to purchase up to an aggregate of $100 million additional Convertible Notes at any time before May 22, 2025, which Option was exercised in full by certain of the Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor, such that the total gross proceeds of the Convertible Notes will be $440.2 million.
On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the June Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million, which includes the value of an aggregate of 132.9547 Bitcoin to be invested by certain June Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash. The April Equity PIPE Investors and June Equity PIPE Investors confirmed, at the time of entering into their respective subscription agreements, the amounts, if any, that they will contribute as In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin.
The proceeds from the PIPE Investments will be used to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin. The proceeds from the Trust Account (net of any amounts used to fund the redemptions of Public Shares) and the PIPE Investments (net of the amounts used to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin) will be used to pay any transaction expenses of the parties, including certain of the CEP Loans, administrative expenses of the parties and any remainder will be used for general corporate purposes, including, but not limited to, working capital for operations and to purchase additional Bitcoin. In addition, CEP and Twenty One may seek to arrange for additional third-party financing which may be in the form of debt (including convertible notes) or equity, the proceeds of which would be used for a variety of purposes.
Q: How many votes do I have at the Meeting?
A: CEP Shareholders are entitled to one vote at the Meeting for each CEP Ordinary Share held of record as of September 17, 2025, the Record Date for the Meeting. As of the close of business on the Record Date, there were 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding.
Q: What vote is required to approve the proposals presented at the Meeting?
A: To pass, each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). To pass, each of the Merger Proposal and the NTA Proposal requires a special resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). CEP Shareholders are also being asked to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Although the CEP Board is asking CEP Shareholders to approve each of the Organizational Documents Proposals on the non-binding advisory basis, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved.
Assuming a quorum is established, a CEP Shareholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote at the Meeting will have no effect on the Proposals. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, are not treated as votes cast and will have no effect on any of the Proposals. The Sponsor currently holds 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares. The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of each of the Proposals. As a result, with respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
xxx
Q: Are the Proposals conditioned on one another?
A: Under the Business Combination Agreement, the approval by CEP Shareholders of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are conditions to the consummation of the Business Combination. If any of those Proposals is not approved by CEP Shareholders, the Business Combination will not be consummated, unless waived by the Parties. The Merger Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal. The NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Nasdaq Proposal are conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned on the approval of any other Proposal.
Q: What constitutes a quorum at the Meeting?
A: A quorum of CEP Shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum for the Meeting consists of the holders of a majority of the then issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares (whether in person (including via the virtual meeting platform) or by proxy). As of the Record Date, CEP Shareholders holding 6,400,001 CEP Ordinary Shares would be required to achieve a quorum at the Meeting. In addition to the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, which represent approximately 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares and which will count towards this quorum, CEP will need only CEP Shareholders holding 3,600,001 CEP Ordinary Shares, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares represented in person (including via the virtual meeting platform) or by proxy at the Meeting to have a valid quorum.
Q: How will the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers vote?
A: The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of each of the Proposals. While none of CEP’s executive officers or directors directly own any CEP Ordinary Shares, pursuant to the Insider Letter, each of CEP’s executive officers and directors have agreed to vote any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in favor of the initial business combination, including the Business Combination. Accordingly, it is more likely that the necessary shareholder approval will be received than would be the case if the Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors had agreed to vote their CEP Ordinary Shares in accordance with the majority of the votes cast by Public Shareholders.
As a result, with respect to each Proposal that require approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
Q: What interests do the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and executive officers and their affiliates have in the Business Combination?
A: When Public Shareholders consider the recommendation of the CEP Board in favor of approval of the Business Combination and other Proposals, Public Shareholders should keep in mind that the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests in the Proposals that are different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of a Public Shareholder as a CEP Shareholder. These interests include, among other things:
• As of the date hereof, the Sponsor is the record holder of 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. The following persons have material interests in the Sponsor: Cantor is the sole member of the Sponsor; CFGM is the managing general partner of Cantor; and Howard W. Lutnick is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As of the date hereof, each of Cantor, CFGM and Howard W. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Further,
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on May 16, 2025, Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, entered into agreements to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM. Following the closing of the Cantor Sale Transaction, Brandon Lutnick will be deemed to have voting or dispositive power over the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, and Howard W. Lutnick will no longer have voting or dispositive power over such CEP Ordinary Shares. Further, Brandon Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Sponsor, Cantor and CFGM. As of the date hereof, other than Brandon Lutnick (as described above) and Danny Salinas (who has a minority limited partnership interest in Cantor), none of CEP’s other directors or executive officers has a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Sponsor and none of CEP’s directors or executive officers has beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor;
• The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, and $3,000,000, or $10.00 per share, for the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. As of September 2, 2025, the aggregate value of such shares is estimated to be approximately $63.6 million, assuming the per share value of the shares is the same as the $22.70 closing price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq on September 2, 2025. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment, even if shares of Pubco Class A Stock have lost significant value after the Closing. This means that the Sponsor could earn a positive rate of return on its investment, even if Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return in Pubco;
• The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor and purchased by the Sponsor for $3,025,000 will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated by CEP by the end of the Combination Period (as defined below);
• The Sponsor agreed that the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after CEP has completed a business combination and the Sponsor agreed that the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of (a) the one-year anniversary of CEP’s business combination and (b) the date on which the successor company completes certain material transactions that result in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, subject to in each case to certain exceptions; provided that at Closing, the Sponsor and CEP will enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter to modify clause (a) from one year to six (6) months. These lock-ups will apply to the applicable shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor pursuant to the CEP Merger;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles contains an anti-dilution provision which adjusts the conversion ratio of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares upon their conversion to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon certain issuances of equity and equity-linked securities by CEP, which includes the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in the Equity PIPEs, such that the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares represents 20% of all CEP Ordinary Shares that remain outstanding and are not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPE Shares (but excluding the CEP Private Placement Shares). As a result of the foregoing, depending on the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor’s 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into between 6,964,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if all Public Shares are redeemed) and 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if no Public Shares are redeemed). Pursuant the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPEs and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. Such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will then exchange into an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. The additional shares will be issued to the Sponsor for no additional consideration and a certain number of them will be exchanged for Exchange Notes;
• The Sponsor is a party to the Sponsor Support Agreement and immediately after the Closing will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement with Pubco. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to exchange the Exchange Shares for the Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes
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and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. Assuming no redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and the issuance of 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the Equity PIPEs, of the 8,045,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that the Sponsor would receive in exchange for its Founder Shares (after forfeiting 1,419,182 shares in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 of such shares for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million. See “Questions and Answers about the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?” for further information about the Securities Exchange Agreement.
• CF&Co., an affiliate of the Sponsor and Cantor, is a party to the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which Pubco and CEP engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services, and the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as CEP’s exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement. In addition, CF&Co. previously entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
• Pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to purchase Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 at Closing (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes).
• The Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors have agreed not to redeem any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a proposed business combination, including the Business Combination;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as CEP; and (ii) CEP renounces any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and CEP, on the other. In the course of their other business activities, CEP’s officers and directors may have, or may become aware of, other investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to CEP as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. CEP’s management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and if there is a conflict of interest in determining to which entity a particular business combination opportunity should be presented, any pre-existing fiduciary obligation will be presented the business combination opportunity before CEP is presented with it. CEP does not believe that the pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of its officers and directors materially impacted its search for an acquisition target;
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• CEP has until the end of the Combination Period to consummate an initial business combination. If the Business Combination with Twenty One is not consummated and CEP does not consummate another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case above to CEP’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor would be worthless because the Sponsor has waived its right to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such CEP Ordinary Shares, and the Sponsor and CF&Co. will not receive any of the securities and fees described above;
• CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan to the Sponsor in respect of the loans the Sponsor has made, and will make, to CEP to fund CEP’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements. The Sponsor Loan does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination; provided that, at the Sponsor’s option, all or any portion of the amount outstanding under the Sponsor Loan may be converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. Otherwise, the Sponsor Loan would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan. If the Business Combination or another business combination is not consummated by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor Loan may not be repaid to the Sponsor, in whole or in part. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed that upon consummation of the Business Combination, all the amounts owed by CEP to it under the Sponsor Loan (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) will be repaid in the form of newly issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, rather than in cash, at a value of $10.00 per share;
• CEP has also issued the Sponsor Note (as further described under the heading “Information About CEP”) in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with each Redemption Event, such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares on such Redemption Event. The Sponsor Note does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination. Otherwise, the Sponsor Note would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $0 outstanding under the Sponsor Note. The Sponsor Note, if drawn, will not be repaid to the extent that the amount of the Sponsor Note exceeds the amount of available proceeds not deposited in the Trust Account if a business combination is not completed;
• If CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to CEP if and to the extent of any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to CEP or by a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, in each case, reduce the amount of redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of the underwriters of the CEP IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and CEP’s public auditor;
• The Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing a business combination. If CEP does not complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP may not have the cash necessary to reimburse these expenses. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, none of the Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors or their affiliates has incurred any such expenses which would be reimbursed at the Closing; and
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• CEP’s officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail policy for CEP’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for up to a six-year period from and after the Closing for events occurring prior to the Closing, which tail policy is to be paid for by Pubco at the Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination does not close, CEP’s officers and directors may not receive this tail insurance coverage.
Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are also party to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
For more information, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.”
CEP’s management determined that, in light of the potential conflicting interests described above with respect to the Sponsor and its affiliates, the CEP Audit Committee should separately review and consider the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the Sponsor and its Affiliates arising out of the proposed Business Combination and the proposed terms in respect thereof. Accordingly, the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered such interests and, after taking into account the factors they deemed applicable (including the potential conflicting interests), unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
Q: What interests do Pubco’s directors and executive officers have in the Business Combination?
A: In considering the recommendation of the CEP Board to vote in favor of approval of the Proposals, unaffiliated CEP Shareholders should keep in mind that the directors and executive officers of Pubco have interests in such Proposals that are different from or in addition to, those of unaffiliated CEP Shareholders. In particular:
• Pubco is in the process of negotiating employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and expects to enter into an employment agreement with each of them prior to the Closing. Pubco also intends to grant equity awards under the Incentive Plan to Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in accordance with their employment agreements. As party to the anticipated employment agreements and recipients of the anticipated equity awards, Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer may have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to, the shareholders of Pubco; and
• The fact that Jack Mallers, Chief Executive Officer and President of Pubco, is expected to become a director of Pubco at Closing.
Q: What is CF&Co.’s history with CEP and Pubco?
A: CF&Co.’s history with CEP and Pubco can be summarized as follows:
• CF&Co. served as underwriter for the CEP IPO. Pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated August 12, 2024, between CEP, on the one hand, and CF&Co. and Odeon Capital Group LLC (“Odeon”), on the other hand, CEP paid a total of $2,000,000 in underwriting discounts and commissions for CF&Co.’s services as the representative of the underwriters in CEP IPO.
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• Pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement, CEP engaged CF&Co. as an advisor in connection with CEP’s initial business combination to assist CEP in arranging meetings with CEP Shareholders to discuss any potential business combination and an acquisition target’s attributes, introducing CEP to potential investors that are interested in purchasing CEP’s securities and assisting CEP with its press releases and public filings in connection with any business combination. Pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement, CEP agreed to pay CF&Co. a cash fee for such services upon the consummation of its business combination in an amount equal to $3,500,000.
• Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, CEP and Pubco engaged CF&Co. to act as their exclusive placement agent for each of the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE, which, assuming all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, is equal to approximately $19.9 million. Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes.
• Pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter, CEP engaged CF&Co. to act as its exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination, in connection with which CF&Co. agreed to perform customary services. CF&Co. will not receive any fees for its services under the M&A Engagement Letter, although it is entitled to indemnification by CEP (or, following the Closing of the Business Combination, Pubco).
Q: What is Cantor’s history with each of Tether, SoftBank and their affiliates?
A: Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are parties to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
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Q: When will the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank be entitled to transfer their shares of Pubco Class A Stock?
A: Each of the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank has agreed to restrictions on its ability to transfer, assign or sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock, as summarized in the table below. Such transfer restrictions will apply until the applicable expiration date, unless earlier waived by the contracting parties.
|
Subject Securities |
Persons Subject to |
Expiration Date |
Exceptions to Transfer |
|||
|
Founder Shares (and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor in exchange therefore in the CEP Merger) and shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank |
Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank |
The earlier of (i) the Anniversary Release; provided that, in the event the Resale Registration Statement has not been declared effective on or prior to the Anniversary Release, then the Anniversary Release will be deemed to be the date such Resale Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC and (ii) the date on which Pubco consummates a liquidation, merger, share exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after the Closing which results in all of Pubco’s shareholders having the right to exchange their shares of Pubco Stock for cash, securities or other property. |
Transfers permitted (a) to CEP’s or Pubco’s officers or directors, any current or future affiliates or family members of any of such officers or directors, any equityholders of such person, any current or future affiliates of such person or as a gift to a charitable organization, (b) in the case of an individual, by gift to a member of one of the members of the individual’s immediate family or to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of one of the individual’s immediate family, a current or future affiliate of such person or to a charitable organization; (c) in the case of an individual, by virtue of laws of descent and distribution upon death of the individual; (d) in the case of an individual, pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order; or (e) by virtue of the laws of jurisdiction of formation of such person or such person’s governing documents upon its dissolution; provided, however, that these permitted transferees must enter into a written agreement agreeing to be bound by these same transfer restrictions. |
|||
|
CEP Private Placement Shares (and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in exchange therefore in the CEP Merger) |
Sponsor |
30 days after the Closing |
Same as above |
Q: Did the CEP Board obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to proceed with the Business Combination?
A: No. The CEP Board did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with its determination to approve the Business Combination. However, CEP’s management, the members of the CEP Board and the other representatives of CEP have experience in evaluating the operating and financial merits of cryptocurrency companies and reviewed certain financial information of Twenty One and other relevant financial information selected based on the experience and the professional judgment of CEP’s management
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team. Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the CEP Board in valuing Twenty One’s business and accordingly, investors assume the risk that the CEP Board may not have properly valued such business. For more information, see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, CEP Shareholders have no assurance from an independent source that the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to the Sellers and CEP Shareholders in the Business Combination is fair to CEP — and, by extension, CEP Shareholders — from a financial point of view.”
Q: What factors did the CEP Board consider in connection with its decision to recommend voting in favor of the Business Combination?
A: The CEP Board considered a variety of factors in connection with its evaluation of the Business Combination. In light of the complexity of those factors, the CEP Board, as a whole, did not consider it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it took into account in reaching its decision. Individual members of the CEP Board may have given different weight to different factors. Certain information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Before reaching its decision, the CEP Board reviewed the information provided to it by its management, representatives of the Sponsor and CEP’s legal and financial advisors, including the analyses prepared by CF&Co., in its capacity as financial advisor to CEP, as further described in the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination — Comparable Company Analysis” below.
Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether to pursue the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One). Among other items, CF&Co. and the CEP Board reviewed the Comparable Company Analysis prepared by CF&Co. utilizing information provided by Pubco and publicly available information, as further described below, all of which helped form the basis for CF&Co.’s analysis and which the CEP Board used in its review and approval of the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One).
The CEP Board determined that pursuing a potential business combination with Pubco and Twenty One would be an attractive opportunity for CEP and the CEP Shareholders, which determination was based on a number of factors. See the section titled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination.”
Q: What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the CEP Merger to me?
A: It is the opinion of CEP’s counsel, Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP, that the CEP Merger will qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Consequently, based on counsel’s opinion that the CEP Merger will qualify as a reorganization within the meaning of Section 368(a)(1)(F) of the Code, except as otherwise provided below in the sections entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — U.S. Holders — Tax Consequences of the CEP Merger to U.S. Holders — Effects of PFIC Rules on the CEP Merger,” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — U.S. Holders — Tax Consequences of the CEP Merger to U.S. Holders — Effects of Section 367 to U.S. Holders,” a U.S. Holder will not recognize gain or loss upon the exchange of its Public Shares solely for shares of Pubco Class A Stock pursuant to the CEP Merger. A U.S. Holder’s aggregate tax basis in the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in connection with the CEP Merger will generally be the same as its aggregate tax basis in the Public Shares surrendered in the transaction. In addition, the holding period of shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in the CEP Merger will generally include the holding period of Public Shares surrendered in the CEP Merger.
For additional discussion of the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the CEP Merger, see the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — U.S. Holders — Tax Consequences of the CEP Merger to U.S. Holders” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Non-U.S. Holders.”
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Q: What amendments will be made to the CEP Memorandum and Articles?
A: The consummation of the Business Combination is conditioned, among other things, on the Mergers, pursuant to which CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary and any CEP Shareholder that does not exercise its option to redeem the CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by them will receive one share of Pubco Class A Stock in exchange for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by them. Additionally, the CEP Shareholders are being asked to approve an amendment to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, which shall be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination, to remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the limitation that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause its NTA to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior to or upon the consummation of an initial business combination.
Q: How will the Business Combination affect my CEP Class A Ordinary Shares?
A: Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, upon the Closing, (i) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which CEP Shareholders will receive one share of Pubco Class A Stock for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by such CEP Shareholder. For more information on the rights of shares of Pubco Class A Stock, see “Description of Pubco Securities.”
Q: How many votes per share is each class of Pubco Stock entitled?
A: Upon Closing, the voting rights for each class of Pubco Stock will be as follows:
• Each holder of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled;
• Each holder of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote;
• If you hold CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, you will not have any voting rights once you acquire Pubco Class A Stock except as required by the TBOC; and
• Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights.
Q: What are the risks associated with the multiple class share structure with voting and nonvoting stock?
A: Pubco will have two classes of shares after Closing, with Pubco Class A Stock having no voting rights (except as required by the TBOC) and Pubco Class B Stock having voting rights. Only Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and their permitted transferees will be permitted to own shares of Pubco Class B Stock. As a result, Pubco will be a controlled company under NYSE or Nasdaq listing standards after Closing, with most decisions of Pubco being controlled by Tether and other decisions requiring approval of Tether and SoftBank or their respective director designees. Accordingly, Public Shareholders will be subject to the decisions of Pubco’s controlling shareholders and if they are unhappy with any decisions made, will only be able to sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock, potentially at a loss. At Closing, each of Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will be beneficial owners of the voting rights of Pubco Class B Stock, at 54.6%, 19.5%, and 25.9%, respectively, based on the assumptions set forth elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
This concentrated control could delay, defer or prevent a change of control, merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of Pubco’s assets, or conversely this concentrated control could result in the consummation of such a transaction that the holders of Pubco Class A Stock do not support. See “Risk Factors” for a more detailed discussion of these risks.
Q: Why is CEP proposing the NTA Proposal?
A: The adoption of the NTA Amendment is being proposed in order to facilitate the consummation of the Business Combination, by permitting redemptions by Public Shareholders even if such redemptions result in CEP having NTA that are less than $5,000,001 (the “NTA Condition”). Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, CEP may only redeem Public Shares so long as (after such redemptions) the NTA of CEP or of any entity that succeeds CEP as a public company (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the initial business combination) shall be at least $5,000,001, or certain other conditions are met pursuant to Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act.
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Like many SPACs, CEP included the NTA Condition in the CEP Memorandum and Articles to reduce the likelihood that CEP or a successor would be subject to the “penny stock” rules, which would impose greater disclosure obligations on brokers with respect to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. Aside from the NTA Condition, the listing of Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange is a condition of closing the Business Combination, and many of the initial listing standards for Nasdaq and other national securities exchanges can be higher than would be applicable under the “penny” stock rules.
The NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The NTA Amendment, if approved by CEP Shareholders, will only be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination. As long as the NTA Condition is met, CEP will not be precluded from redeeming all of the Public Shares submitted for redemption and effecting the Business Combination.
Additionally, upon the Closing, CEP and Pubco expect that the NTA Condition will be satisfied, especially because even assuming maximum redemptions, CEP will have at least $5,000,001 in NTA after the consummation of the Equity PIPE. Furthermore, each of the Business Combination Agreement and the PIPE Subscription Agreements requires, as a closing condition, that Pubco Class A Stock has been approved for listing on a national securities exchange. Therefore, CEP and Pubco do not expect that Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to the “penny stock” rules upon the Closing.
If, however, CEP or Pubco securities become subject to the “penny stock” rules at any point prior to or after Closing, then the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock may be delisted from trading on a national securities exchange, and brokers trading in CEP and Pubco securities would be required to adhere to more stringent rules, including but not limited to enhanced disclosure and sales requirements. The “penny stock” rules are burdensome and may have the effect of reducing the purchases of any offerings and reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for the securities. If CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock are subject to the “penny stock” rules, Public Shareholders and Pubco shareholders may find it more difficult to sell their shares and, therefore, may be required to hold some or all of their shares for an indefinite period of time. The price of such securities may be volatile, and there can be no assurance that shareholders will be able to dispose of their securities at favorable prices, or at all. For more information, relating to the risks of CEP or Pubco securities becoming subject to the “penny stock” rules or of Pubco maintaining an exchange listing, see the risk factors entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide, among other things, that the NTA of CEP or Pubco (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the Business Combination) must be at least $5,000,001. If the NTA Proposal is not approved, the parties may be unable to consummate the Business Combination if the NTA Condition is not met. In addition, it is possible that CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, or Pubco Class A Stock, could become subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC. Shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be “penny stock” may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq, the NYSE or other national securities exchange” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock Following the Business Combination — Currently, there is no public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Public Shareholders cannot be sure about whether the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop an active trading market or whether Pubco is able to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of Pubco Class A Stock and subject Pubco to additional trading restrictions.”
Q: Why is CEP proposing the Nasdaq Proposal?
A: Under Nasdaq Rule 5635(a), shareholder approval is required prior to the issuance of securities in connection with the acquisition of another company if such securities are not issued in a public offering and (i) have, or will have upon issuance, voting power equal to or in excess of 20% of the voting power outstanding before the issuance of ordinary shares (or securities convertible into or exercisable for ordinary shares); or (ii) the number of ordinary shares to be issued is or will be equal to or in excess of 20% of the number of ordinary shares outstanding before the issuance of the share or securities.
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Under Nasdaq Rule 5635(b), shareholder approval is required when any issuance or potential issuance will result in a “change of control” of the issuer. Although Nasdaq has not adopted any rule on what constitutes a “change of control” for purposes of Rule 5635(b), Nasdaq has previously indicated that the acquisition of, or right to acquire, by a single investor or affiliated investor group, as little as 20% of the ordinary shares (or securities convertible into or exercisable for ordinary shares) or voting power of an issuer could constitute a change of control.
Under Nasdaq Rule 5635(d), shareholder approval is required for a transaction other than a public offering involving the sale, issuance or potential issuance by an issuer of ordinary shares (or securities convertible into or exercisable for ordinary shares) at a price that is less than the lower of (the “Minimum Price”): (i) the Nasdaq official closing price immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement; or (ii) the average Nasdaq official closing price of the common stock for the five trading days immediately preceding the signing of the binding agreement if the number of shares of common stock to be issued is or may be equal to 20% or more of the common stock, or 20% or more of the voting power, outstanding before the issuance.
Immediately prior to the Closing, CEP expects to issue an aggregate of (a) 20,000,000 April Equity PIPE Shares to the April Equity PIPE Investors at a per share price of $10.00, which represents a discount to the Minimum Price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares of $10.62 as of April 22, 2025, the date of the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and (b) 7,857,143 June Equity PIPE Shares to the June Equity PIPE Investors at a per share price of $21.00, which represents a discount to the Minimum Price of $33.55 as of June 19, 2025, the date of the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements.
Additionally, upon the consummation of the Business Combination and based on the assumptions described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, Pubco expects to issue, in the aggregate, up to an estimated 346,489,560 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and 304,852,759 shares of Pubco Class B Stock in connection with the Business Combination (including 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock that will be issued to Tether immediately after the Closing as consideration for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin), plus (i) up to 37,423,076 additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance pursuant to the conversion of the Convertible Notes (assuming a conversion price of $13.00) and (ii) up to 21,158,951 additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock that will, upon Closing, be reserved for issuance pursuant to the Incentive Plan. For further details, see “The Business Combination Agreement,” “The Business Combination Proposal — Covenants — PIPE Investments” and “Executive and Director Compensation — Pubco — Summary of the Material Terms of the Incentive Plan.” Accordingly, the aggregate number of (i) CEP Class A Ordinary Shares that CEP will issue in the Equity PIPEs and upon conversion of the Sponsor Loan and (ii) shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock that Pubco will issue in connection with the Business Combination will, in the aggregate, exceed 20% of both the voting power and the number of CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding before such issuance and will result in a change of control of CEP. For these reasons, CEP is seeking the approval of CEP Shareholders for the issuance of the Equity PIPE Shares and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock in connection with the Business Combination pursuant to Nasdaq Rules 5635(a), (b) and (d).
For further details, see “The Nasdaq Proposal.”
Q: What happens if I sell my Public Shares before the Meeting?
A: The Record Date is earlier than the date of the Meeting. If you transfer your Public Shares after the Record Date but before the date of the Meeting, unless the transferee obtains from you a proxy to vote those shares, you will retain your right to vote at the Meeting. However, you will not be able to seek redemption of your Public Shares because you will no longer be able to deliver them for cancellation upon consummation of the Business Combination in accordance with the provisions described herein. If you transfer your Public Shares prior to the Record Date, you will have no right to vote those shares at the Meeting.
Q: What happens if CEP Shareholders vote against the Business Combination Proposal?
A: Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, if the Business Combination Proposal is not approved and CEP does not otherwise consummate an alternative business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will be required to dissolve and liquidate the Trust Account by returning the then remaining funds in the Trust Account, including interest (net of taxes payable), to the Public Shareholders in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles.
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Q: Do I have redemption rights?
A: Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, holders of Public Shares may elect to have their Public Shares redeemed for cash at the then-applicable redemption price calculated as of two business days prior to the Closing. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, this would have amounted to approximately $10.57 per share (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes). If a holder exercises its redemption rights, then such holder will be exchanging its Public Shares for cash. Such a holder will be entitled to receive cash for its Public Shares only if it properly demands redemption and delivers its shares (either physically or electronically) to CST prior to the Meeting. See the section titled “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights” for the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your Public Shares for cash. In connection with the CEP IPO, the Sponsor and CEP’s executive officers and directors agreed to waive any redemption rights with respect to any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with the completion of the Business Combination. Such waivers are standard in transactions of this type and the Sponsor and CEP’s executive officers and directors did not receive separate consideration for the waiver.
Q: Will how I vote affect my ability to exercise redemption rights?
A: No. You may exercise your redemption rights whether or not you are a holder of Public Shares on the Record Date (so long as you are a holder at the time of exercise), or whether or not you are a holder and vote your Public Shares on the Business Combination Proposal (for or against) or any other Proposal. As a result, the Business Combination Agreement can be approved by Public Shareholders who will redeem their Public Shares, leaving Public Shareholders who choose not to redeem their Public Shares holding shares in a company with a potentially less liquid trading market, fewer shareholders, potentially less cash and the potential inability to meet the listing standards of NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange.
Q: How do I exercise my redemption rights?
A: In order to exercise your redemption rights, you must, prior to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on (two (2) business days before the Meeting), tender your Public Shares physically or electronically and submit a request in writing that CEP redeem your Public Shares for cash to CST, CEP’s transfer agent, at the following address:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
One State Street Plaza, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
Attn: SPAC Redemption Team
Email: spacredemptions@continentalstock.com
If you hold Public Shares in “street name,” you will have to coordinate with your broker to have your shares certificated or delivered electronically. Certificates that have not been tendered (either physically or electronically) in accordance with these procedures will not be redeemed. There is a nominal cost associated with this tendering process and the act of certificating the shares or delivering them through the DTC’s DWAC system.
Any demand for redemption, once made, may be withdrawn at any time until the deadline for exercising redemption requests and thereafter, with CEP’s consent. If you delivered your Public Shares for redemption to CST and decide within the required timeframe not to exercise your redemption rights, you may request that CST return the shares (physically or electronically). You may make such request by contacting CST at the phone number or address listed under the question “Who can help answer my questions?” below.
Any holder of Public Shares (whether or not they are a holder on the Record Date) will be entitled to demand that their Public Shares be redeemed for a pro rata portion of the amount then in the Trust Account (which was approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, or approximately $10.57 per share (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes), as of the Record Date). Such amount, less any owed but unpaid taxes on the funds in the Trust Account, will be paid promptly upon consummation of the Business Combination. Your vote on any Proposal will have no impact on the amount you will receive upon exercise of your redemption rights.
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If a holder of Public Shares properly makes a demand for redemption as described above, then, if the Business Combination is consummated, CEP will convert these shares into a pro rata portion of funds deposited in the Trust Account. If you exercise your redemption rights, then you will be exchanging your Public Shares for cash and will not be entitled to shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon consummation of the Business Combination. If the Business Combination is not approved or completed for any reason, then holders of Public Shares who elected to exercise their redemption rights would not be entitled to convert their Public Shares for the applicable pro rata share of the Trust Account. In such case, CEP will promptly return any Public Shares delivered by Public Shareholders and such holders may only share in the assets of the Trust Account upon the consummation of another business combination or the liquidation of CEP. This may result in holders receiving less than they would have received if the Business Combination was completed and they exercised redemption rights in connection therewith.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the CEP Memorandum and Articles provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than 25% of the Public Shares in the aggregate, without the prior consent of CEP.
Q: What are the U.S. federal income tax consequences of exercising my redemption rights?
A: Holders of Public Shares who exercise their redemption rights to receive cash will be considered for U.S. federal income tax purposes to have made a sale or exchange of the tendered shares, or will be considered for U.S. federal income tax purposes to have received a distribution with respect to such shares that may be treated as: (i) dividend income, (ii) a non-taxable recovery of basis, or (iii) gain. See the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — U.S. Holders” and “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations — Non-U.S. Holders.”
Q: Do I have appraisal rights if I object to the proposed Business Combination?
A: No appraisal or dissenters’ rights are available to CEP Shareholders in connection with the ordinary resolution to approve the Business Combination Proposal. Under the Cayman Act, minority shareholders have a right to dissent to a merger and if they so dissent, they are entitled to be paid the fair value of their shares, which if necessary, may ultimately be determined by the court. Therefore, holders of record of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (“CEP Class A Record Holders”) have a right to dissent to the CEP Merger. Please see the section titled “The Merger Proposal — Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights” for additional information.
In addition, Public Shareholders are still entitled to exercise the rights of redemption as detailed in this proxy statement/prospectus and the redemption proceeds payable to Public Shareholders who exercise such redemption rights will represent the fair value of those shares. For a discussion about the Public Shareholders’ redemption rights, please see “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights.”
Q: What happens to the funds deposited in the Trust Account after the consummation of the Business Combination?
A: If the Business Combination is consummated, the funds held in the Trust Account will be used to pay CEP Shareholders who properly exercise their redemption rights. The remaining amount will be released to CEP and used to:
• pay certain fees, costs and expenses (including taxes, regulatory fees, legal fees, accounting fees, printer fees and other professional fees) that were incurred by CEP and Pubco in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination and pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement; and
• provide for general corporate purposes of Pubco, including, but not limited to, working capital for operations and to purchase additional Bitcoin.
Q: What happens if a substantial number of Public Shareholders vote in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and exercise their redemption rights?
A: Unlike some other blank check companies which require Public Shareholders to vote against a business combination in order to exercise their redemption rights, Public Shareholders may vote in favor of the Business Combination and exercise their redemption rights. Accordingly, the Business Combination may be consummated even though the funds available from the Trust Account and the number of Public Shareholders are substantially reduced as a result of redemption by Public Shareholders. With fewer Public Shares and Public Shareholders,
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the trading market for shares of Pubco Class A Stock may be less liquid than the market for Public Shares was prior to the Business Combination, and Pubco may not be able to meet the listing standards for NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange. In addition, with less funds available from the Trust Account, the working capital infusion from the Trust Account into Pubco’s business will be reduced.
Q: What happens if the Business Combination is not consummated?
A: If CEP does not complete the Business Combination with Twenty One or another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP must: (i) redeem 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the amount then held in the Trust Account (which was approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, or approximately $10.57 per share (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes)) divided by the number of Public Shares then outstanding, (ii) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, and (iii) subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and its board of directors, dissolve and liquidate. For more information about the liquidation process, see “Information About CEP — Redemption Rights for Public Shareholders upon Completion of the Business Combination — Redemption of Public Shares and Liquidation if no Initial Business Combination.”
Q: When do you expect the Business Combination to be completed?
A: It is currently anticipated that the Business Combination will be consummated promptly following the Meeting, which is set for , 2025. However, the Meeting could be adjourned, as described above. In addition, the Business Combination Agreement may be terminated by the parties upon the occurrence of certain events. For a description of the conditions for the completion of the Business Combination, see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Conditions to the Parties’ Obligations to the Closing.”
Q: When and where is the Meeting?
A: The Meeting will be held on , 2025 at a.m., Eastern Time, at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually via live webcast on the Internet at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025. You will be able to attend, vote your shares and submit questions during the Meeting via a live webcast available at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025.
Q: Can I attend the Meeting in person?
A: Yes. CEP Shareholders will be able to attend the Meeting in person at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 or virtually. You will not be required to attend the Meeting in person in order to vote, and CEP encourages virtual participation.
Q: How can I attend the Meeting virtually?
A: CEP is pleased to provide access to the Meeting virtually via the Internet through a live webcast and online shareholder tools. CEP believes a virtual format facilitates shareholder attendance and participation by leveraging technology to allow CEP to communicate more effectively and efficiently with its shareholders. This format empowers CEP Shareholders around the world to participate at no cost. CEP will use the virtual format to enhance shareholder access and participation and protect shareholder rights.
You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the Meeting by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and using a control number assigned by CST. To register and receive access to the Meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial owners (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in this proxy statement/prospectus. You will need the voter control number included on your proxy card in order to be able to vote your shares or submit questions during the Meeting. If you do not have a voter control number, you will be able to listen to the Meeting only and you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the Meeting.
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Q: What do I need to do now?
A: CEP urges you to carefully read and consider the information contained in this proxy statement/prospectus, including the Annexes, and to consider how the Business Combination will affect you as a CEP Shareholder. CEP Shareholders should then vote as soon as possible in accordance with the instructions provided in this proxy statement/prospectus and on the enclosed proxy card or, if you hold your Public Shares through a brokerage firm, bank or other nominee, on the voting instruction form provided by the broker, bank or nominee.
Q: How do I vote?
A: If you are a holder of record of CEP Ordinary Shares on the Record Date, you may vote by submitting your proxy by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the accompanying pre-addressed postage paid envelope. In addition, you may be able to vote in person, over the Internet by visiting with the voter control number included on your proxy card or over the phone by dialing a toll-free number at +1 800-450-7155 in the United States and Canada or +1 857-999-9155 (toll rates apply) from outside the United States and Canada. The passcode for telephone access is 1535274#. If you hold your shares in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Meeting and vote, obtain a proxy from your broker, bank or nominee.
Q: If my shares are held in “street name,” will my broker, bank or nominee automatically vote my shares for me?
A: As disclosed in this proxy statement/prospectus, your broker, bank or nominee cannot vote your shares on the Proposals unless you provide instructions on how to vote in accordance with the information and procedures provided to you by your broker, bank or nominee. However, broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, are not treated as votes cast and will have no effect on any of the Proposals.
Q: May I change my vote after I have mailed my signed proxy card?
A: Yes. CEP Shareholders may (i) enter a new vote in person, by Internet or telephone, (ii) send a later dated, signed proxy card to CEP’s secretary at the address set forth below so that it is received by CEP prior to the vote at the Meeting or (iii) attend the Meeting in person or via live webcast and vote at such Meeting. CEP Shareholders also may revoke their proxy by sending a notice of revocation to CEP’s Secretary at 110 East 59th Street, New York, New York 10022, which notice must be received by CEP prior to the vote at the Meeting.
Q: What will happen if I abstain from voting or fail to vote at the Meeting?
A: Abstentions and broker-non votes will be counted in connection with the determination of whether a valid quorum is established but will have no effect on any of the Proposals.
Q: What will happen if I sign and return my proxy card without indicating how I wish to vote?
A: Signed and dated proxies received by CEP without an indication of how the CEP Shareholder intends to vote on a proposal will be voted “FOR” each Proposal presented to the CEP Shareholders at the Meeting. The proxyholders may use their discretion to vote on any other matters which properly come before the Meeting.
Q: If I am not going to attend the Meeting, should I return my proxy card instead?
A: Yes. Whether you plan to attend the Meeting or not, please read the enclosed proxy statement carefully and vote your shares by completing, signing, dating and returning the enclosed proxy card in the postage-paid envelope provided.
Q: What happens if I fail to take any action with respect to the Meeting?
A: If you fail to take any action with respect to the Meeting and the Business Combination is approved by CEP Shareholders and consummated, you will become a shareholder of Pubco. If you fail to take any action with respect to the Meeting and the Business Combination is not approved, you will continue to be a shareholder of CEP.
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Q: What should I do if I receive more than one set of voting materials?
A: CEP Shareholders may receive more than one set of voting materials, including multiple copies of this proxy statement/prospectus and multiple proxy cards or voting instruction cards. For example, if you hold your Public Shares in more than one brokerage account, you will receive a separate voting instruction card for each brokerage account in which you hold shares. If you are a holder of record and your shares are registered in more than one name, you will receive more than one proxy card. Please complete, sign, date and return each proxy card and voting instruction card that you receive in order to cast a vote with respect to all of your Public Shares
Q: Who will solicit and pay the cost of soliciting proxies?
A: CEP will pay the cost of soliciting proxies for the Meeting. CEP has engaged Sodali & Co to assist in the solicitation of proxies for the Meeting. CEP has agreed to pay a fee of $25,000, plus disbursements. CEP will reimburse Sodali & Co for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses and will indemnify Sodali & Co and its affiliates against certain claims, liabilities, losses, damages and expenses. CEP will also reimburse banks, brokers and other custodians, nominees and fiduciaries representing beneficial owners of Public Shares for their expenses in forwarding soliciting materials to beneficial owners of Public Shares and in obtaining voting instructions from those owners. CEP’s directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies by telephone, by facsimile, by mail, on the Internet or in person. They will not be paid any additional amounts for soliciting proxies.
Q: Who can help answer my questions?
A: If you have questions about the Business Combination or if you need additional copies of the proxy statement/prospectus or the enclosed proxy card you should contact:
Cantor Equity Partners, Inc.
110 East 59th Street
New York, New York 10022
Email: Cantor EquityPartners@cantor.com
or
Sodali & Co
430 Park Avenue, 14th Floor
New York, NY 10022
Telephone: (800) 662-5200
Bank and Brokers can call at (203) 658-9400
Email: CEP@investor.sodali.com
You may also obtain additional information about CEP from documents filed with the SEC by following the instructions in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Where You Can Find More Information.” If you are a holder of Public Shares and you intend to seek redemption of your shares, you will need to deliver your shares (either physically or electronically) to CST at the address below at least two (2) business days prior to the Meeting. If you have questions regarding the certification of your position or delivery of your stock, please contact:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
1 State Street, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
Attn: SPAC Redemption Team
Email: spacredemptions@continentalstock.com
xlvi
Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus
This summary highlights selected information from this proxy statement/prospectus and does not contain all the information that is important to you. You should carefully read this entire proxy statement/prospectus, including the Business Combination Agreement attached as Annex A to this proxy statement/prospectus as well as the other Annexes attached to the proxy statement/prospectus.
The Parties
CEP
CEP is a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability on November 11, 2020. CEP was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CEP.”
CEP completed the CEP IPO of 10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on August 14, 2024, generating gross proceeds to CEP of $100,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the CEP IPO, CEP completed the sale to the Sponsor of 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per CEP Private Placement Share in the CEP Private Placement, generating gross proceeds to CEP of $3,000,000. Following the closing of the CEP IPO, a total of $100,000,000, comprised of the net proceeds from the CEP IPO and the CEP Private Placement, was placed in the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, the Trust Account balance was approximately $104.2 million. Since the CEP IPO, CEP’s activity has been limited to efforts toward locating and completing a suitable business combination.
The mailing address of CEP’s principal executive office is 110 East 59th Street, New York, New York 10022 and its telephone number is (212) 938-5000. After the consummation of the Business Combination, CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub and CEP Merger Sub will continue to be a wholly owned subsidiary of Pubco.
Pubco
Pubco was incorporated in Texas on March 7, 2025, solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination described herein. Pubco was incorporated under the laws of Texas. It currently owns no material assets and does not presently operate any business. Following Closing, it will be an operating company engaged in a number of businesses focused on Bitcoin. Immediately following the Closing, Pubco will engage in two principal activities: (i) actively accumulating Bitcoin and managing its Bitcoin holdings and (ii) commencing development of educational materials and branded content intended to drive increased institutional and retail investor Bitcoin literacy. On March 7, 2025, Pubco issued one share of common stock to Tether for nominal consideration. This share represents all shares in the capital of Pubco that are currently issued and outstanding and will be surrendered for nil consideration immediately following adoption of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation and the issuance of new Pubco securities as contemplated hereby. For descriptions of Pubco securities, see “Description of Pubco Securities.”
Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the sole director of Pubco is Jeff Haley and the sole shareholder of Pubco is Tether. The mailing address of Pubco’s registered office is 111 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701 and its telephone number is (206) 552-9859. Immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, Pubco’s mailing address will be that of Bitfinex located at c/o iFinex c/o SHRM Trustees (BVI) Limited, Trinity Chambers, PO Box 4301, Road Town, Tortola, VG1110, British Virgin Islands.
CEP Merger Sub
CEP Merger Sub was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on April 17, 2025 solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination described herein. CEP Merger Sub has no material assets and does not operate any business. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the sole director of CEP Merger Sub is Steven Meehan, and the sole shareholder of CEP Merger Sub is Pubco. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Company, and with CEP Shareholders receiving shares of Pubco Class A Stock in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement.
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Company Merger Sub
Company Merger Sub was incorporated in Delaware on July 11, 2025 solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination described herein. Company Merger Sub owns no material assets and does not operate any business. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the sole director of Company Merger Sub is Brandon Lutnick, and the sole shareholder of Company Merger Sub is CEP Subsidiary B. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company will merge with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary and the Sellers will collectively receive from Pubco the Merger Consideration Shares in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement.
Company
The Company is a newly-formed company that will be focused exclusively on Bitcoin-related business lines. The Company was incorporated on March 7, 2025, as a Delaware corporation, solely for the purpose of effectuating the Business Combination described herein. The Company was converted into a Delaware limited liability company on April 17, 2025. The Company currently owns no material assets. Prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the sole member of the board of managers is Jeff Haley and the sole shareholder of Twenty One is Tether. In connection with the consummation of the Business Combination, the Company will merge with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary and the Sellers will collectively receive from Pubco the Merger Consideration Shares in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement.
The registered office of the Company is c/o Corporation Service Company, 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware, 19808 and the telephone number of the Company is (206) 552-9859.
For more information about the Company, see “Information Related to Twenty One.”
The Transactions
The Business Combination Agreement
On April 22, 2025, CEP, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Company, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended on July 26, 2025). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary and the Company will merge with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary. For more information about the Business Combination Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — The Business Combination Agreement.” A copy of the Business Combination Agreement and the amendment thereto is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A.
Related Agreements
Contribution Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and the Company entered into the Contribution Agreement, pursuant to which, immediately prior to the Closing, Tether and Bitfinex will contribute to the Company 24,500 Bitcoin and 7,000 Bitcoin, respectively, in exchange for (i) in the case of Tether, 208 Company Class A Interests and 208 Company Class B Interests, and (ii) in the case of Bitfinex, 59 Company Class A Interests and 59 Company Class B Interests. For more information about the Contribution Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Contribution Agreement.” A copy of the Contribution Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex C.
Sponsor Support Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP, Pubco and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement, which was amended on June 25, 2025 pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed (i) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions and each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, (ii) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares against any Alternative Transactions, (iii) to comply with the restrictions imposed by the Insider Letter, including the restrictions on transfer and redemption of CEP Ordinary Shares in connection with the Transactions,
2
and (iv) subject to and conditioned upon the Closing, agree that any loans outstanding from the Sponsor to CEP shall be repaid as follows: (a) with respect to the Sponsor Loan, the aggregate amount owed by CEP, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement delivered by CEP prior to the Closing, shall be automatically converted, immediately prior to the CEP Merger, into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share, and that upon the issuance and delivery of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor, the Sponsor Loan shall be deemed satisfied in full, provided, however, that the portion of the Sponsor Loan that is drawn by or on behalf of CEP to pay for any fees, costs and expenses of the SEC or Nasdaq pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement shall be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement and (b) with respect to all other CEP Loans (other than the Sponsor Loan), all amounts outstanding thereunder as of the Closing, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement delivered by CEP prior to the Closing, shall be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement. The parties also agreed to permit CEP and the Sponsor to amend the Insider Letter at Closing to shorten the lock-up restrictions applicable to the CEP Founder Shares from one (1) year to six (6) months. Further, the Sponsor agreed that it may forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPEs and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements), divided by $10.00. The Sponsor also agreed to enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement at Closing. For more information about the Sponsor Support Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Sponsor Support Agreement.” A copy of the Sponsor Support Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex G.
Securities Exchange Agreement
At Closing, Pubco and Sponsor will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which Sponsor will exchange the Exchange Shares for Exchange Notes. The Exchange Notes and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. For more information about the Securities Exchange Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Securities Exchange Agreement.” A copy of the form of Securities Exchange Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Exhibit A of Annex G.
Governance Term Sheet and Governance Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Governance Term Sheet, which sets out the main terms based on which Pubco will prepare the Proposed Organizational Documents, which will be adopted at or prior to Closing. At Closing, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will enter into the Governance Agreement, which will implement the terms of the Governance Term Sheet. The Governance Term Sheet provides that, among other things, as a result of Pubco being a “controlled company” under applicable securities exchange listing rules, Pubco will be entitled to rely upon certain of the controlled company exemptions of its relevant national securities exchange. For more information about the Governance Term Sheet, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Governance Term Sheet and Governance Agreement.”
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement
Concurrently with the Closing, CEP, Pubco, the Sponsor, each Seller and SoftBank will enter into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement that will amend and restate the registration rights agreement entered into by CEP and the Sponsor at the time of the CEP IPO. Pubco estimates that up to approximately 308,632,417 shares of Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to registration rights pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement immediately following the Closing, representing approximately 89.1% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock following the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan. For more information about the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement.” A copy of the form of Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex H.
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SoftBank Purchase Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, and as amended and restated on June 23, 2025, Tether and SoftBank entered into the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, immediately following the Closing, Tether will transfer to SoftBank the SoftBank Shares, and in accordance with the other formulas described thereunder, SoftBank will pay Tether as consideration, (a) an amount in cash in exchange for Bitcoin that Tether will purchase as part of the Contribution and (b) an interest amount, payable at SoftBank’s election, either in cash or out of the SoftBank Shares. For more information about the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — SoftBank Purchase Agreement.”
Lock-Up Agreements
Concurrently with the Closing, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each enter into a Lock-Up Agreement with Pubco, pursuant to which each Seller and SoftBank will agree that the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by each Seller and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank will be locked-up and subject to transfer restrictions, as described below, subject to certain exceptions.
The shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by each Seller and SoftBank will be locked up until the earlier of (i) the Anniversary Release; provided that, in the event the Resale Registration Statement has not been declared effective on or prior to the Anniversary Release, then the Anniversary Release will be deemed to be the date such Resale Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC and (ii) the date on which Pubco consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after the Closing which results in all of Pubco’s shareholders having the right to exchange their shares of Pubco Stock for cash, securities or other property. For more information about the Lock-Up Agreements, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Lock-Up Agreements.” A copy of the form of Lock-Up Agreement is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex F.
Services Agreement
Concurrently with the Closing, Pubco and Tether will enter into the Services Agreement. Pursuant to the Services Agreement, Tether will agree to provide, or cause to be provided, certain services to Pubco and its subsidiaries in exchange for a services fee in the amount of $30,000 per calendar quarter or such other amount as may be agreed by the parties thereto. The services will include: information technology services, such as the development and maintenance of IT systems and cybersecurity; legal services related to regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and intellectual property; health, safety, and environmental services; management and commercialization of intellectual property; treasury and risk management, including Bitcoin trading; human resources services like payroll and benefits administration; and investor relations services. The Services Agreement will remain in effect until terminated by either party, with or without cause, by providing 30 days’ prior written notice. For more information about the Services Agreement, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Services Agreement.”
Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Indenture and the Security Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Pubco and CEP entered into the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with the Convertible Note Investors, pursuant to which the Convertible Note Investors have agreed to purchase $340.2 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. In addition, Pubco granted the Convertible Note Investors an option to purchase, for a period of 30 days following the execution of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, additional Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million, on a pro rata basis based on such Convertible Note Investor’s participation in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE. This option was fully subscribed as of the expiration of the Option Period on May 22, 2025. With the inclusion of the Subscription Notes, Option Notes, Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes, the total aggregate principal value of the Convertible Notes will be $486.5 million. In addition, in connection with the full exercise of the Option by the Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor, on May 22, 2025, the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement on substantially the same terms as the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with respect to its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes.
The Convertible Notes will be senior, secured obligations of Pubco and accrue interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum payable semi-annually in arrears and will mature approximately five (5) years from the date the Convertible Notes are issued (the “Issue Date”), unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The initial conversion rate will
4
be determined based on the formula set forth in the Indenture as calculated at the Closing, subject to customary adjustments. The conversion price is based on a reference price of $10.00 per share, multiplied by a ratio of (i) the BRRNY as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days prior to Closing to (ii) $84,863.57, representing the Bitcoin Price as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days prior to April 22, 2025, and is subject to a 30% premium. If Pubco undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders of the Convertible Notes may require Pubco to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to require Pubco to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes beginning three years from the Issue Date at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
Pursuant to the Security Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, the Convertible Notes will be secured by a first priority security interest in such number of Bitcoin representing $1,459.5 million, calculated based on the Bitcoin Price as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days immediately prior to the Closing.
The descriptions of the terms of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements in this section are also applicable to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement. For more information about the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, please see the sections entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement,” “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Indenture” and “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Security Agreement.”
Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP and Pubco entered into the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the April Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which, CEP agreed to issue, and the April Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, the April Equity PIPE Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million ($10.00 per share) in the April Equity PIPE. On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the June Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which, CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, the June Equity PIPE Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million ($21.00 per share) in the June Equity PIPE.
Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement and the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, the net proceeds from the Equity PIPEs and the Convertible Notes PIPE will be used by Pubco to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin from Tether. Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, at the Closing, Pubco will purchase the Initial PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $458.7 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE less a $52 million holdback; and, Pubco will purchase the Option PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $99.5 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Option, less a $500,000 holdback. Pursuant to the terms of the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, Pubco will purchase the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to the gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE, less a $3.3 million holdback.
For more information about the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement.”
Agreements with CF&Co.
Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, CEP and Pubco engaged CF&Co. to act as their exclusive placement agent for each of the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE, which, assuming all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, is equal to approximately $19.9 million. Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement
5
Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co.
Pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter, CEP engaged CF&Co. to act as its exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination, in connection with which CF&Co. agreed to perform customary services. CF&Co. will not receive any fees for its services under the M&A Engagement Letter, although it is entitled to indemnification by CEP (or, following the Closing of the Business Combination, Pubco).
CF&Co. previously entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing.
Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
For more information about the Agreements with CF&Co., please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Agreements with CF&Co.”
Merger Consideration
As consideration for the Company Merger, the Sellers will be entitled to receive, in exchange for their (i) Company Class A Interests, the Class A Merger Consideration Shares, being an aggregate number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock equal to (a) the product of (1) 31,500, multiplied by (2) the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by (b) $10.00, and (ii) Company Class B Interests, the Class B Merger Consideration Shares, being an aggregate number of shares of Pubco Class B Stock, equal to (a) the product of (1) 31,500, multiplied by (2) the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by (b) $10.00. Each Seller shall receive its pro rata share of the Class A Merger Consideration Shares and Class B Merger Consideration Shares based on the number of Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests, respectively, owned by such Seller at Closing.
By virtue of the CEP Merger, each CEP Class A Ordinary Share (other than (x) treasury shares, (y) Public Shares in respect of which Public Shareholders have exercised their rights of redemption and (z) CEP Dissenting Shares) will be automatically converted into one share of Pubco Class A Stock.
Ownership of Pubco After the Transactions
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
Each holder of shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Each holder of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled to vote. Therefore under the above assumptions, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will have approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the
6
voting power of Pubco, respectively, following the Business Combination. Please see the section titled “Description of Pubco Securities” for more details regarding the dual class structure of Pubco Stock, including the voting rights relating thereto.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that all Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers, (vii) SoftBank and (viii) the Convertible Note holders, in each case, will own approximately 2.6%, 5.2%, 2.0%, 2.2%, 0%, 59.3%, 20.1% and 8.6% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7%, 25.3% and 0% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively. If any of the Public Shareholders exercise their redemption rights, the percentage of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by the Public Shareholders will decrease and the percentages of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by the Equity PIPE Investors, the Sponsor and its Affiliates, the Sellers, SoftBank and, as applicable, the Convertible Note Investors, will each increase, in each case relative to the percentage held if none of the Public Shares are redeemed.
The tables below illustrate varying beneficial ownership levels in Pubco immediately upon Closing, assuming No Redemptions by Public Shareholders, 25% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (2,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders), 50% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (5,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders), 75% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (7,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders) and 100% Redemptions by Public Shareholders (10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed by Public Shareholders). If any of these assumptions are not correct, these percentages will be different.
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Potential ownership of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon Closing (assuming that no
Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock):
|
No Redemptions |
25% Redemptions |
50% Redemptions |
75% Redemptions |
100% Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pubco Shareholders |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||||
|
Public Shareholders |
10,000,000 |
2.9 |
% |
7,500,000 |
2.2 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.5 |
% |
2,500,000 |
0.7 |
% |
— |
0.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
April Equity PIPE Investors |
20,000,000 |
5.8 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.8 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.9 |
% |
||||||||||
|
June Equity PIPE Investors |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.3 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Cantor(1) |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
3,779,658 |
1.1 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex(2) |
227,674,879 |
65.6 |
% |
227,674,879 |
66.2 |
% |
227,674,879 |
66.6 |
% |
227,674,879 |
67.2 |
% |
227,674,879 |
67.8 |
% |
||||||||||
|
SoftBank(3) |
77,177,880 |
22.3 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.4 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.6 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.8 |
% |
77,177,880 |
22.9 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Total |
346,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
343,989,560 |
100.0 |
% |
341,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
338,989,560 |
100.0 |
% |
336,489,560 |
100.0 |
% |
||||||||||
Potential ownership of issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon Closing (assuming that all
Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share):
|
No Redemptions |
25% Redemptions |
50% Redemptions |
75% Redemptions |
100% Redemptions |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
Pubco Shareholders |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
Shares |
Percentage |
|||||||||||||||
|
Public Shareholders |
10,000,000 |
2.6 |
% |
7,500,000 |
2.0 |
% |
5,000,000 |
1.3 |
% |
2,500,000 |
0.7 |
% |
— |
0.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
April Equity PIPE Investors |
20,000,000 |
5.2 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.2 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
20,000,000 |
5.3 |
% |
||||||||||
|
June Equity PIPE Investors |
7,857,143 |
2.0 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
7,857,143 |
2.1 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Convertible Note Investors(4) |
32,877,615 |
8.6 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.6 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.7 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.7 |
% |
32,877,615 |
8.8 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Cantor(5) |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
8,325,119 |
2.2 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex(2) |
227,674,879 |
59.3 |
% |
227,674,879 |
59.7 |
% |
227,674,879 |
60.0 |
% |
227,674,879 |
60.5 |
% |
227,674,879 |
61.0 |
% |
||||||||||
|
SoftBank(3) |
77,177,880 |
20.1 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.2 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.4 |
% |
77,177,880 |
21.5 |
% |
77,177,880 |
20.6 |
% |
||||||||||
|
Total |
383,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
381,412,636 |
100.0 |
% |
378,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
376,412,636 |
100.0 |
% |
373,912,636 |
100.0 |
% |
||||||||||
____________
(1) Includes (a) 2,800,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued in exchange for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares owned by the Sponsor as of the date hereof, (b) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, and (c) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
(2) Includes (a) 267,320,245 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger (based on 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to Twenty One in the Contribution at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin (the Signing Bitcoin Price)), less 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger and transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement as described in footnote (3) below and (b) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued by Pubco to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger and in exchange for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
8
(3) Assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock to be transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
(4) Assumes all Convertible Notes (including Option Notes) are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share (without adjustment for any change in the Bitcoin Price between signing and Closing in accordance with the Indenture). Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor and CF&Co. as described in footnote (5).
(5) Includes all shares described in footnote (1) above, plus shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor and CF&Co. upon conversion of the $46,300,000 in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and the $12,791,000 Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor.
All of the relative percentages above are for illustrative purposes only and are based upon certain assumptions as described in the section entitled “Share Calculations and Ownership Percentages” and as described above. Should one or more of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual ownership percentages may vary materially from those described in this proxy statement/prospectus as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
9
Dilution
Dilution per share to Public Shareholders is determined by CEP’s NTBV per share, as adjusted, while excluding the Business Combination, while giving effect to material probable or consummated transactions and other material effects on NTBV per share, from the Public Shareholders as set forth as follows under five redemption scenarios.
The following table illustrates NTBV per share and the change in NTBV per share, as adjusted, following the Closing, including the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Equity PIPE Investors, but excluding the other effects of the Business Combination, while giving effect to probable or consummated transactions that are material and other material effects on NTBV per share. These are presented in relation to the offering price per Public Share in the CEP IPO as set forth as follows under the five redemption scenarios:
|
Assuming No |
Assuming 25% |
Assuming 50% |
Assuming 75% |
Assuming 100% |
||||||||||||||||
|
Public Shares |
|
10,000,000 |
|
|
7,500,000 |
|
|
5,000,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
CEP Founder Shares |
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Private Placement Shares |
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|||||
|
Total CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025 |
|
12,800,000 |
|
|
10,300,000 |
|
|
7,800,000 |
|
|
5,300,000 |
|
|
2,800,000 |
|
|||||
|
Adjusted for: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued |
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|
64,554 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued to the Sponsor pursuant to anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles |
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|
915,104 |
|
|||||
|
CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued |
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|
27,857,143 |
|
|||||
|
Total CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted |
|
41,636,801 |
|
|
39,136,801 |
|
|
36,636,801 |
|
|
34,136,801 |
|
|
31,636,801 |
|
|||||
|
NTBV as of June 30, 2025(1) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
|||||
|
Adjusted for(2): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
Reclassification of CEP Class A |
|
104,166,742 |
|
|
78,125,057 |
|
|
52,083,371 |
|
|
26,041,686 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
Reversal of accrual of $0.15 per Public |
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
1,125,000 |
|
|
750,000 |
|
|
375,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|||||
|
Transaction expenses to be paid by CEP |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|
(9,040,041 |
) |
|||||
|
Repayment of the Sponsor Loan in CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|
645,540 |
|
|||||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds(3) |
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|
374,142,870 |
|
|||||
|
NTBV as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted |
$ |
468,789,332 |
|
$ |
442,372,647 |
|
$ |
415,955,961 |
|
$ |
389,539,276 |
|
$ |
363,122,590 |
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
NTBV per share as of June 30, 2025, |
$ |
11.26 |
|
$ |
11.30 |
|
$ |
11.35 |
|
$ |
11.41 |
|
$ |
11.48 |
|
|||||
|
Dilution(4) |
$ |
(1.26 |
) |
$ |
(1.30 |
) |
$ |
(1.35 |
) |
$ |
(1.41 |
) |
$ |
(1.48 |
) |
|||||
____________
(1) NTBV is calculated as total assets minus total liabilities and CEP Class A Ordinary Shares subject to redemption as of June 30, 2025.
(2) NTBV is adjusted for (i) payments from the Trust Account at different levels of redemptions to Public Shareholders at the $10.57 per share redemption price as of June 30, 2025; (ii) transaction costs that have not been recorded on CEP’s financial statements as of June 30, 2025, which will have an impact on the calculation of NTBV upon the Closing; (iii) repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, by issuing CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share; and (iv) funding of the Equity PIPE by the Equity PIPE Investors.
(3) Equity PIPE Proceeds is calculated as (i) the cash to be contributed pursuant to the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and (ii) the value of the 347.6168 Bitcoin to be contributed by April Equity PIPE Investors and the 132.9547 Bitcoin to be contributed by June Equity PIPE Investors pursuant to the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements based on the Bitcoin Price as of September 4, 2025 of $109,958.41.
(4) Dilution is calculated by subtracting the NTBV per share as of June 30, 2025, as adjusted, from the $10.00 CEP IPO per share price for the Public Shares.
10
CEP issued the Public Shares in the CEP IPO at $10.00 per share. After giving effect to the issuance of the Public Shares in the CEP IPO and the 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares to the Sponsor in the CEP Private Placement, there were 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding. In connection with the Business Combination, assuming its consummation in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement, immediately after the Closing, Pubco is expected to have outstanding an additional 333,689,560 shares of Pubco Class A Stock, including (i) 27,857,143 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Equity PIPE Investors in the CEP Merger, (ii) 190,142,365 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sellers in the Company Merger (excluding the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank), (iii) 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger that are transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement), (iv) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00), (v) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, and (vi) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025. These shares outstanding exclude the 32,877,615 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (including the Option Notes) to be issued to the Convertible Note Investors and the 4,545,461 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable to the Sponsor and CF&Co. upon conversion of the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, in each case, assuming the applicable conversion price is $13.00 per share. These shares outstanding also assume that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued and outstanding under the Incentive Plan. The tabular disclosure includes presentations of information at various illustrative redemption levels consistent with the “No Redemptions,” “25% Redemptions,” “50% Redemptions,” “75% Redemptions” and “100% Redemptions” scenarios further described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
For purposes of Item 1604(c)(1) of Regulation S-K, Pubco would have 346,489,560 total shares of Pubco Class A Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to the Business Combination under the “No Redemptions” scenario based on the assumptions set forth in the preceding paragraph and as further described above. Where there are no redemptions of Public Shares prior to the Closing, CEP valuation is based on the $10.00 issuance price per Public Share in the CEP IPO and is therefore calculated as: $10.00 (CEP per share CEP IPO price) multiplied by 346,489,560 shares, or $3,464,895,600. The following table illustrates the valuation at the $10.00 issuance price per share in the CEP IPO for each redemption scenario:
|
Assuming No |
Assuming 25% |
Assuming 50% |
Assuming 75% |
Assuming 100% |
||||||
|
Public Shares outstanding post Business Combination |
10,000,000 |
7,500,000 |
5,000,000 |
2,500,000 |
— |
|||||
|
Equity PIPE Investors shares outstanding post Business Combination |
27,857,143 |
27,857,143 |
27,857,143 |
27,857,143 |
27,857,143 |
|||||
|
Cantor shares outstanding post Business Combination(1) |
3,779,658 |
3,779,658 |
3,779,658 |
3,779,658 |
3,779,658 |
|||||
|
Tether/Bitfinex shares outstanding post Business Combination(2) |
227,674,879 |
227,674,879 |
227,674,879 |
227,674,879 |
227,674,879 |
11
|
Assuming No |
Assuming 25% |
Assuming 50% |
Assuming 75% |
Assuming 100% |
|||||||||||
|
SoftBank shares outstanding post Business |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|
77,177,880 |
|||||
|
Total shares outstanding post Business Combination |
|
346,489,560 |
|
343,989,560 |
|
341,489,560 |
|
338,989,560 |
|
336,489,560 |
|||||
|
Total valuation based on $10.00 issuance price per share in the CEP IPO |
$ |
3,464,895,600 |
$ |
3,439,895,600 |
$ |
3,414,895,600 |
$ |
3,389,895,600 |
$ |
3,364,895,600 |
|||||
__________
(1) Includes (a) 2,800,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued in exchange for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares owned by the Sponsor as of the date hereof, (b) 64,554 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for the 64,554 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor as repayment of the $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan as of June 30, 2025, and (c) 915,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to the Sponsor in exchange for additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles upon conversion of the Sponsor’s CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and which are not exchanged for Convertible Notes pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. Excludes shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement and to CF&Co. pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
(2) Includes (a) 267,320,245 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger (based on 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to Twenty One in the Contribution at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin (the Signing Bitcoin Price)), less 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued to Tether in the Company Merger and transferred to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement as described in footnote (3) below and (b) 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued by Pubco to Tether in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin (equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then divided by (ii) $10.00). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock issued to Tether and Bitfinex in the Company Merger and in exchange for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
(3) Assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). Excludes shares of Pubco Class B Stock to be transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
The foregoing required disclosure is not a guarantee that the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock will not be below the offering price in the CEP IPO, nor is the required disclosure a guarantee that Pubco will attain any of the levels of valuation presented.
The above discussion and table are based on 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares outstanding on June 30, 2025, and exclude the potential dilutive effects associated with the conversion of the Convertible Notes to be issued by Pubco at the Closing.
The above discussion and table also exclude potential dilutive effects associated with future issuances or grants of equity or equity-linked securities by Pubco pursuant to the Incentive Plan.
The aforementioned equity issuances are not the only sources of potential dilution to the relative ownership percentage associated with shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by non-redeeming Public Shareholders after the Closing; any additional equity and equity-linked issuances by Pubco may result in additional dilution to Public Shareholders’ percentage ownership in Pubco, potentially significantly, and may have other effects, as described above and as further described in the “Risk Factors” section of this proxy statement/prospectus.
All of the relative percentages above are for illustrative purposes only and are based upon certain assumptions as described above. Should one or more of the assumptions prove incorrect, actual ownership percentages may vary materially from those described in this proxy statement/prospectus as anticipated, believed, estimated, expected or intended. See “Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Financial Information.”
12
Organizational Structure
Prior to the Transactions
The following simplified diagrams illustrate the ownership structures of CEP, Pubco and Twenty One before the consummation of the Transactions:
CEP

Pubco and Twenty One

Following the Transactions
The following simplified diagram illustrates the ownership structure of Pubco immediately following the consummation of the Transactions. The percentage ownerships of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock are presented assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public
13
Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock, that there are no CEP Dissenting Shares and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan.

Board of Directors and Executive Officers of Pubco Following the Transactions
As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the sole director of Pubco is Jeff Haley. Effective as of Closing, the current director of Pubco will resign as a director.
Effective as of the Closing, the Pubco Board will consist of seven persons, four directors designated by Tether with at least two of them qualifying as independent directors under applicable securities exchange rules, two directors designated by SoftBank, with at least one of them qualifying as an independent director under applicable securities exchange rules and the Chief Executive Officer of Pubco.
Tether shall be entitled to designate
(i) four directors for so long as the Sellers hold (in aggregate) 50% or more of Pubco’s voting rights;
(ii) three directors for so long as the Sellers hold (in aggregate) 30% or more of Pubco’s voting rights;
(iii) two directors for so long as the Sellers hold (in aggregate) 20% or more of Pubco’s voting rights; and
(iv) one director for so long as the Sellers hold (in aggregate) 10% or more of Pubco’s voting rights.
SoftBank shall be entitled to designate (i) two directors for so long as it holds 20% or more of Pubco’s voting rights and (ii) one director for so long as it holds 10% or more of Pubco’s voting rights.
The following individuals will be nominated for election to the Pubco Board immediately following Closing:
(i) Paolo Ardoino
(ii) Zachary Lyons
(iii) Robert “Bo” Hines
(iv)
14
(v) Jack Mallers
(vi) Jared Roscoe
(vii) Vikas J. Parekh
All members of the Pubco Board shall be elected for a one-year term and may be re-elected for successive terms.
Immediately following Closing, the executive officers of Pubco are expected to be as follows:
|
Name |
Age |
Position |
||
|
Jack Mallers |
31 |
Chief Executive Officer |
||
|
Steven Meehan |
61 |
Chief Financial Officer |
For more information, see the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Management of Pubco Following the Business Combination.”
Date, Time and Place of the Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders
The Meeting will be held on , 2025 at a.m., Eastern Time, at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually via live webcast on the Internet at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025. You will be able to attend, vote your shares and submit questions during the Meeting via a live webcast available at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025.
You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the Meeting by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and using a control number assigned by CST. To register and receive access to the Meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial owners (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in this proxy statement/prospectus. You will need the voter control number included on your proxy card in order to be able to vote your shares or submit questions during the Meeting. If you do not have a voter control number, you will be able to listen to the Meeting only and you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the Meeting.
Voting Power; Record Date
CEP Shareholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the Meeting if they owned CEP Ordinary Shares at the close of business on September 17, 2025, which is the Record Date for the Meeting. CEP Shareholders are entitled to one vote at the Meeting for each CEP Ordinary Share held as of the Record Date. If you hold your shares in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Meeting and vote, obtain a proxy from your broker, bank or nominee.
As of the close of business on the Record Date, there were 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, consisting of 10,300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares. Of these shares, 10,000,000 were Public Shares, with the rest being held by the Sponsor.
Quorum and Vote of CEP Shareholders
A quorum of CEP Shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum for the Meeting consists of the holders of a majority of the then issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares (whether in person or by proxy). As of the Record Date, CEP Shareholders holding 6,400,001 CEP Ordinary Shares would be required to achieve a quorum at the Meeting. In addition to the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, which represent approximately 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares and which will count towards this quorum, CEP will need only CEP Shareholders holding 3,600,001 CEP Ordinary Shares, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares represented in person or by proxy at the Meeting to have a valid quorum.
To pass, each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). To pass, each of the Merger Proposal and the NTA
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Proposal requires a special resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). CEP Shareholders are also being asked to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Although the CEP Board is asking CEP Shareholders to approve each of the Organizational Documents Proposals on the non-binding advisory basis, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved.
Assuming a quorum is established, a CEP Shareholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote at the Meeting will have no effect on the Proposals. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, are not treated as votes cast and will have no effect on any of the Proposals.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of each of the Proposals. As a result, with respect to each Proposal that require approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
Redemption Rights
Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, Public Shareholders may elect to have their Public Shares redeemed for cash at the applicable redemption price per share equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (a) the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account as of two (2) business days prior to the Closing, including interest (net of taxes payable), by (b) the total number of the then issued and outstanding Public Shares. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, this would have amounted to approximately $10.57 per share (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes). Public Shareholders may exercise redemption rights whether or not they are holders as of the Record Date and whether or not such shares are voted at the Meeting and whether they vote for or against the Business Combination Proposal. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the CEP Memorandum and Articles provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than 25% of the Public Shares in the aggregate, without the prior consent of CEP.
If a Public Shareholder exercises its redemption rights, then such Public Shareholder will be exchanging its Public Shares for cash and will not hold shares of Pubco Class A Stock upon consummation of the Business Combination. Such a Public Shareholder will be entitled to receive cash for its Public Shares only if it properly demands redemption and delivers its shares (either physically or electronically) to CST in accordance with the procedures described herein. See the section titled “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights” for the procedures to be followed if you wish to redeem your Public Shares for cash.
In connection with the CEP IPO, the Sponsor and CEP’s executive officers and directors agreed to waive any redemption rights with respect to any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with the completion of the Business Combination. Such waivers are standard in transactions of this type and the Sponsor and CEP’s executive officers and directors did not receive separate consideration for the waiver.
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Appraisal Rights
No appraisal or dissenters’ rights are available to CEP Shareholders in connection with the ordinary resolution to approve the Business Combination Proposal. Under the Cayman Act, minority shareholders have a right to dissent to a merger and if they so dissent, they are entitled to be paid the fair value of their shares, which if necessary, may ultimately be determined by the court. Therefore, CEP Class A Record Holders have a right to dissent to the CEP Merger. Please see the section titled “The Merger Proposal — Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights” for additional information.
In addition, Public Shareholders are still entitled to exercise the rights of redemption as detailed in this proxy statement/prospectus and the redemption proceeds payable to Public Shareholders who exercise such redemption rights will represent the fair value of those shares. For a discussion about the Public Shareholders’ redemption rights, please see “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights.”
Proxy Solicitation
Proxies may be solicited by mail, telephone or in person. CEP has engaged Sodali & Co as the proxy solicitor to assist in the solicitation of proxies. If a CEP Shareholder grants a proxy, it may still vote its shares itself if it revokes its proxy before the Meeting. A CEP Shareholder may also change its vote by entering a new vote by Internet or telephone, submitting a later-dated proxy or attending and voting, virtually via the live webcast or in person, during the Meeting as described in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Revoking Your Proxy.”
Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
When Public Shareholders consider the recommendation of the CEP Board in favor of approval of the Business Combination and other Proposals, Public Shareholders should keep in mind that the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests in the Proposals that are different from or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of a Public Shareholder as a CEP Shareholder. These interests include, among other things:
• As of the date hereof, the Sponsor is the record holder of 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. The following persons have material interests in the Sponsor: Cantor is the sole member of the Sponsor; CFGM is the managing general partner of Cantor; and Howard W. Lutnick is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As of the date hereof, each of Cantor, CFGM and Howard W. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Further, on May 16, 2025, Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, entered into agreements to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM. Following the closing of the Cantor Sale Transaction, Brandon Lutnick will be deemed to have voting or dispositive power over the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, and Howard W. Lutnick will no longer have voting or dispositive power over such CEP Ordinary Shares. Further, Brandon Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Sponsor, Cantor and CFGM. As of the date hereof, other than Brandon Lutnick (as described above) and Danny Salinas (who has a minority limited partnership interest in Cantor), none of CEP’s other directors or executive officers has a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Sponsor and none of CEP’s directors or executive officers has beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor;
• The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, and $3,000,000, or $10.00 per share, for the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. As of September 2, 2025, the aggregate value of such shares is estimated to be approximately $63.6 million, assuming the per share value of the shares is the same as the $22.70 closing price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq on September 2, 2025. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment, even if shares of Pubco Class A Stock have lost significant value after the Closing. This means that the Sponsor could earn a positive rate of return on its investment, even if Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return in Pubco;
• The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor and purchased by the Sponsor for $3,025,000 will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated by CEP by the end of the Combination Period (as defined below);
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• The Sponsor agreed that the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after CEP has completed a business combination and the Sponsor agreed that the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of (a) the one-year anniversary of CEP’s business combination and (b) the date on which the successor company completes certain material transactions that result in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, subject to in each case to certain exceptions; provided that at Closing, the Sponsor and CEP will enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter to modify clause (a) from one year to six (6) months. These lock-ups will apply to the applicable shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor pursuant to the CEP Merger;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles contains an anti-dilution provision which adjusts the conversion ratio of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares upon their conversion to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon certain issuances of equity and equity-linked securities by CEP, which includes the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in the Equity PIPEs, such that the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares represents 20% of all CEP Ordinary Shares that remain outstanding and are not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPE Shares (but excluding the CEP Private Placement Shares). As a result of the foregoing, depending on the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor’s 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into between 6,964,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if all Public Shares are redeemed) and 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if no Public Shares are redeemed). Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPEs and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. Such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will then exchange into an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. The additional shares will be issued to the Sponsor for no additional consideration and a certain number of them will be exchanged for Exchange Notes;
• The Sponsor is a party to the Sponsor Support Agreement and immediately after the Closing will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement with Pubco. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to exchange the Exchange Shares for the Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. Assuming no redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and the issuance of 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the Equity PIPEs, of the 8,045,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that the Sponsor would receive in exchange for its Founder Shares (after forfeiting 1,419,182 shares in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 of such shares for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million. See “Questions and Answers About the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination.
• CF&Co., an affiliate of the Sponsor and Cantor, is a party to the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which Pubco and CEP engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services, and the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as CEP’s exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments
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in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement. In addition, CF&Co. previously entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
• Pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to purchase Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 at Closing (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes).
• The Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors have agreed not to redeem any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a proposed business combination, including the Business Combination;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as CEP; and (ii) CEP renounces any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and CEP, on the other. In the course of their other business activities, CEP’s officers and directors may have, or may become aware of, other investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to CEP as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. CEP’s management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and if there is a conflict of interest in determining to which entity a particular business combination opportunity should be presented, any pre-existing fiduciary obligation will be presented the business combination opportunity before CEP is presented with it. CEP does not believe that the pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of its officers and directors materially impacted its search for an acquisition target;
• CEP has until the end of the Combination Period to consummate an initial business combination. If the Business Combination with Twenty One is not consummated and CEP does not consummate another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case above to CEP’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor would be worthless because the Sponsor has waived its right to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such CEP Ordinary Shares, and the Sponsor and CF&Co. will not receive any of the securities and fees described above;
• CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan to the Sponsor in respect of the loans the Sponsor has made, and will make, to CEP to fund CEP’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements. The Sponsor Loan does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination; provided that, at the Sponsor’s option, all or any portion of the amount outstanding under the Sponsor Loan may be converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. Otherwise, the Sponsor Loan would be repaid only out
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of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan. If the Business Combination or another business combination is not consummated by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor Loan may not be repaid to the Sponsor, in whole or in part. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed that upon consummation of the Business Combination, all the amounts owed by CEP to it under the Sponsor Loan (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) will be repaid in the form of newly issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, rather than in cash, at a value of $10.00 per share;
• CEP has also issued the Sponsor Note (as further described under the heading “Information About CEP”) in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with each Redemption Event, such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares on such Redemption Event. The Sponsor Note does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination. Otherwise, the Sponsor Note would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $0 outstanding under the Sponsor Note. The Sponsor Note, if drawn, will not be repaid to the extent that the amount of the Sponsor Note exceeds the amount of available proceeds not deposited in the Trust Account if a business combination is not completed;
• If CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to CEP if and to the extent of any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to CEP or by a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, in each case, reduce the amount of redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of the underwriters of the CEP IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and CEP’s public auditor;
• The Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing a business combination. If CEP does not complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP may not have the cash necessary to reimburse these expenses. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, none of the Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors or their affiliates has incurred any such expenses which would be reimbursed at the Closing; and
• CEP’s officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail policy for CEP’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for up to a six-year period from and after the Closing for events occurring prior to the Closing, which tail policy is to be paid for by Pubco at the Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination does not close, CEP’s officers and directors may not receive this tail insurance coverage.
Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are also party to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
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For more information, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.”
CEP’s management determined that, in light of the potential conflicting interests described above with respect to the Sponsor and its affiliates, the CEP Audit Committee should separately review and consider the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the Sponsor and its Affiliates arising out of the proposed Business Combination and the proposed terms in respect thereof. Accordingly, the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered such interests and, after taking into account the factors they deemed applicable (including the potential conflicting interests), unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
Interests of Pubco’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
In considering the recommendation of the CEP Board to vote in favor of approval of the Proposals, unaffiliated CEP Shareholders should keep in mind that the directors and executive officers of Pubco have interests in such Proposals that are different from or in addition to, those of unaffiliated CEP Shareholders. In particular:
• Pubco is in the process of negotiating employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and expects to enter into an employment agreement with each of them prior to the Closing. Pubco also intends to grant equity awards under the Incentive Plan to Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in accordance with their employment agreements. As party to the anticipated employment agreements and recipients of the anticipated equity awards, Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer may have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to, the shareholders of Pubco; and
• The fact that Jack Mallers, Chief Executive Officer and President of Pubco, is expected to become a director of Pubco at Closing.
Consideration to be Received by, and Securities to be Issued to, the Sponsor and its Affiliates
Set forth below is a summary of the terms and amount of the consideration received or to be received by the Sponsor and its Affiliates in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments, the amount of securities issued or to be issued by Pubco to the Sponsor and its Affiliates and the price paid or to be paid or consideration provided for such securities or any related financing transaction.
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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Sponsor |
• 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares; (i) The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will be adjusted pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles as described above which will result in the Sponsor receiving between 6,964,286 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 9,464,286 (assuming No Redemptions) CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (assuming that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements), after which the Sponsor will forfeit between 0 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 1,419,182 (assuming No Redemptions) of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
• $25,000 paid to purchase the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares |
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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(ii) Of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor, the Sponsor will retain 3,415,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in the CEP Merger, representing the 2,500,000 Founder Shares and 915,104 shares in additional consideration, and exchange the remaining shares for the Exchange Notes. Assuming No Redemptions and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million and, assuming 100% Redemptions, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $35.5 million. |
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• 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
• $3,000,000 paid to purchase the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
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• Additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and/or cash |
• Amounts outstanding at the Closing under the Sponsor Loan will be repaid by the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes) |
• $12,791,000 paid in cash to purchase the 12,791 Convertible Notes |
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CF&Co. |
• $3,500,000 in cash |
• Services pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement |
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• Approximately $19.9 million in cash, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of between $0 (assuming No Redemptions) and approximately $10.8 million (assuming 100% Redemptions) (constituting the Engagement Letter Notes), which, together with the Exchange Notes, is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration (assuming that all such April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
Because the Sponsor acquired the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares at a nominal price, the Public Shareholders will incur substantial and immediate dilution upon the Closing of the Business Combination. See the sections titled “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Dilution”, “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders,” and “Risk Factors — Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing of the Business Combination as a result of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, since the value of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, as well as a result of the issuance of the shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments.”
The CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Transactions
The CEP Board considered a variety of factors in connection with its evaluation of the Business Combination. In light of the complexity of those factors, the CEP Board, as a whole, did not consider it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it took into account in reaching its decision. Individual members of the CEP Board may have given different weight to different factors. Certain information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Before reaching its decision, the CEP Board reviewed the information provided to it by its management, representatives of the Sponsor and CEP’s legal and financial advisors, including the analyses prepared by CF&Co., in its capacity as financial advisor to CEP, as further described in the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination — Comparable Company Analysis” below.
Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether to pursue the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One). Among other items, CF&Co. and the CEP Board reviewed the Comparable Company Analysis prepared by CF&Co. utilizing information provided by Pubco and publicly available information, as further described below, all of which helped form the basis for CF&Co.’s analysis and which the CEP Board used in its review and approval of the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One). The independent directors of the CEP Board did not retain an unaffiliated representative to act solely on behalf of the unaffiliated CEP Shareholders to negotiate the terms of the Business Combination and/or prepare a report concerning the approval of the Business Combination.
The CEP Board determined that pursuing a potential business combination with Pubco and Twenty One would be an attractive opportunity for CEP and the CEP Shareholders, which determination was based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the following:
• Pubco’s Initial Bitcoin Holdings. Based on the amount of Bitcoin owned by other companies as of the date of signing of the Business Combination Agreement, Pubco expected to launch with the third largest corporate Bitcoin holdings of at least 42,000 Bitcoin at Closing (which was subsequently increased to at least
23
43,500 as a result of the purchase of the June PIPE Bitcoin and the agreed contribution of the June In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin). This includes (i) the 31,500 Bitcoin that Tether and Bitfinex have agreed to contribute to Twenty One at Closing, (ii) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin that Tether had agreed to purchase within 10 business days of signing the Business Combination Agreement in an amount equal to $458.7 million, which Bitcoin will be sold to Pubco at Closing using the net proceeds of the PIPE Investments at the price paid by Tether to purchase such Bitcoin (as of the date hereof, Tether has purchased 4,812.220927 Bitcoin for $458.7 million), (iii) the Option PIPE Bitcoin that Tether had agreed to purchase within ten (10) business days of the end of the Option Period in the event the Convertible Note Investors exercise the Option, in amount equal to 99.5% of the principal amount of the Option Notes, which Bitcoin will be sold to Pubco at Closing using the net proceeds of the PIPE Investments at the price paid by Tether to purchase such Bitcoin (as of the date hereof, Tether has purchased 917.47360612 Bitcoin for $99.5 million), (iv) the 347.62 Bitcoin that certain April Equity PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute at Closing in the April Equity PIPE, and (v) the Additional PIPE Bitcoin that Tether has agreed to sell to Pubco immediately after Closing to ensure that Pubco owns at least 42,000 Bitcoin upon Closing.
• Pubco’s Planned Operations and Strategy. Pubco considers itself a Bitcoin company built by “Bitcoiners for Bitcoiners,” with plans to promote global adoption of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, explore ways to creatively leverage its Bitcoin and prioritize long-term value creation for holders of Pubco Class A Stock. Pubco’s business plan is to (i) strategically accumulate Bitcoin, actively manage its Bitcoin holdings subject to market conditions and other factors and issue debt or equity securities or other capital raising transactions in the short- to medium-term with the objective of generating proceeds to be used for the purchase of Bitcoin and other operating expenses, (ii) accelerate Bitcoin adoption and literacy at both institutional and retail levels through creating, licensing and producing educational content regarding Bitcoin, and (iii) in the future, provide Bitcoin related financial and advisory services.
• Bitcoin as an Attractive Asset Class. Bitcoin is a finite asset with a limited supply of 21 million total Bitcoin, which creates scarcity and positions Bitcoin as a hedging asset against inflationary pressures. With the current U.S. administration viewed as strongly pro-crypto, regulatory clarity in the United States in a pro-crypto manner is more likely, which may increase institutional adoption of Bitcoin and help drive the price of Bitcoin higher. Bitcoin has been a superior performing asset since 2020. As a result, Pubco believes that now is an attractive time for corporations to embrace Bitcoin as an asset, unlocking long-term value and a competitive edge through early adoption.
• Initial Net Asset Value of Pubco’s Bitcoin. The 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex in the Contribution at the Closing are valued pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement at approximately $2.67 billion, or $84,863.57 per Bitcoin, and the April Equity PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute 347.62 Bitcoin at the closing of the Equity PIPE at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin. The CEP Board considered the net asset value of the 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex in the Contribution at the Closing at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin and that the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing is likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin and any increase in price of Bitcoin above this net asset value should lead to appreciation of Pubco Class A Stock. As part of this review, the CEP Board considered the potential impact of the price of Bitcoin and the illustrative enterprise value to Bitcoin market value multiple on Pubco’s share price. See the risk factor entitled “The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares” for an illustration.
• Ownership of Pubco. Pubco will be majority owned by Tether, the world’s largest stablecoin issuer, and Bitfinex, one of the longest active cryptocurrency exchanges, with significant minority ownership from SoftBank, one of the world’s leading technology investment companies. The backing of these investors provides support to Pubco’s mission and operations. The CEP Board considered that such parties expected to continue to hold their shares of Pubco Stock due to their large investments in Pubco, that their shares of Pubco Stock will be locked-up in accordance with the Lock-Up Agreements and will be further restricted under federal securities laws, that they will control management of Pubco due to their holding of shares of Pubco Class B Stock and Tether’s long-term plan for Pubco.
24
• Pubco Management. Pubco will be led by chief executive and president Jack Mallers. Mr. Mallers is a cryptocurrency entrepreneur and an advocate for its adoption by institutions, corporations and governments. Mr. Mallers will help establish Pubco in the public markets and will continue to advocate for Bitcoin through multiple channels. Steve Meehan will lead the finance role and brings years of public company CFO experience and will drive Pubco’s active Bitcoin treasury management and other business strategies.
• Relationship with Tether. Pubco will be majority owned and controlled by Tether and Bitfinex, which are affiliates of each other. Tether has agreed to provide services to Pubco on an ongoing basis pursuant to the Services Agreement. The ongoing support of Tether is important for Pubco to implement its business plan.
• Involvement of the April PIPE Investors. The CEP Board considered that the agreement of the April PIPE Investors in the April PIPE Investments (including the Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes to be received by the Sponsor and CF&Co.) to invest an aggregate of $585.0 million (including the Option of the Convertible Note Investors to invest an additional $100 million) in CEP and Pubco at Closing was a validation of Pubco’s valuation and future prospects.
• Market Acceptance of Bitcoin Treasury Companies. The CEP Board considered how companies with large Bitcoin treasuries have traded in the public markets and, as a result, how the shares of Pubco Class A Stock may trade in the markets after Closing. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination — Comparable Company Analysis” below for additional information regarding these other companies.
• Attractive Valuation. The CEP Board’s determination that if (i) Pubco achieves a trading multiple similar to the trading multiples of other companies with large Bitcoin holdings and (ii) the price of Bitcoin maintains its current value or increases over time, then CEP Shareholders will have acquired their shares in Pubco at an attractive valuation.
• Terms and Conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. The terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination were, in the opinion of the CEP Board, the product of arm’s-length negotiations between the parties.
• Redemption Option. The right of CEP Shareholders to redeem their Public Shares in connection with the Closing as further described herein, which decision may be based on, among other things, the price of Bitcoin and the trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between signing and the date the election to redeem must be made.
In the course of its deliberations, in addition to the various other risks associated with the business of Pubco, as described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, the CEP Board also considered a variety of uncertainties, risks and other potentially negative factors relevant to the Business Combination, including the following:
• Bitcoin and the Volatility of the Price of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is still an emerging asset and is not yet a mainstream investment for most institutions and people. In addition, while Bitcoin has been a well performing asset over the long term in the last five (5) years, the price of Bitcoin is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly. As a result, there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will continue to rise or that the price of Bitcoin will be at least equal to the net asset value of the Bitcoin to be held by Pubco at Closing. For more information, see the risk factors entitled “The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares,” “We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements,” and “Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with Bitcoin.”
• Net Asset Value of Pubco’s Bitcoin. As noted above, the initial net asset value of the 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed in the Contribution is $84,863.57 per Bitcoin, valued as of signing, and the CEP Board considered that the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing is likely to be highly correlated to
25
the price of Bitcoin. As a result, any decrease in the price of Bitcoin could result in a decrease in the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, and may also lead to a decrease in the share price of CEP between the date of the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing. If the price of Bitcoin at Closing is less than this net asset value, then any CEP Shareholders who choose not to redeem may receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are worth less than the redemption price they would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares. As part of this review, the CEP Board considered the potential impact of the price of Bitcoin and the illustrative enterprise value to Bitcoin market value multiple on Pubco’s share price. See the risk factor entitled “The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares” for an illustration.
• Limited Right of the CEP Board to Change its Recommendation. As part of the negotiation of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP agreed that the CEP Board would not be permitted to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders that they vote in favor of the Proposals in certain circumstances, including as a result in the decrease in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin, although the CEP Board will be permitted to recommend that CEP Shareholders redeem their CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in such a situation. See the risk factor entitled “The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board will not change its recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, except in limited situations.”
• Macroeconomic Risks Generally. Macroeconomic uncertainty, including the potential impact of the potential tariffs to be instituted by the United States government, and the effects they could have on the price of Bitcoin and Pubco’s potential financial performance.
• Regulatory Risks with respect to Bitcoin. Government regulation of cryptocurrencies is evolving and changes in regulation, including tax policy or as a result of any change in administrations or regulators following any future elections, could impact the value of Bitcoin and the value of Pubco.
• Competition in Pubco’s Industry. Due to the premium to net asset value of Bitcoin owned of other public companies that are pursuing Bitcoin treasury strategies, many other parties have sought and will continue to seek to follow and adopt such strategies. This increased number of companies could make it more difficult or expensive for Pubco to, among other things, pursue its strategy of raising funds through public offerings of securities to purchase more Bitcoin for its corporate treasury.
• Risks in Pubco’s Business Plan, which Business Plan May Not be Achieved. Pubco does not have significant operations prior to Closing to evaluate. Pubco may not be successful in building its Bitcoin holdings or in building the ancillary Bitcoin related financial services it intends to launch as it builds its Bitcoin holdings. Further, Pubco’s other businesses may not generate sufficient cash flows to cover all of Pubco’s expenses. In addition, Pubco may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events that may cause its costs to exceed its expectations.
• Management Team of Pubco. Pubco’s chief executive officer does not have experience managing a public company. Further, Pubco will have limited employees and will be relying on services from Tether, which also does not have experience operating a public company. There are no assurances that Pubco will be able to successfully put in place the financial, operational, legal and managerial resources necessary to perform the functions of a public company.
• No Fairness Opinion/Valuation. Twenty One has no operating history and the volatile nature of the price of Bitcoin makes it difficult to evaluate Pubco’s future prospects. Twenty One’s lack of operating history also makes it difficult to accurately forecast its future results of operations, which are subject to numerous uncertainties as further described herein. In addition, CEP did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with the Business Combination. As a result, there is a risk that the CEP Board may not have properly valued Twenty One’s business.
26
• Shares Available for Sale/Lock-Ups. The shares of Pubco Class A Stock to be issued to (i) the Equity PIPE Investors in exchange for the Equity PIPE Shares and the Sponsor in exchange for the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor in repayment of the Sponsor Loan are not subject to any lock-up, (ii) the Sponsor in exchange for the CEP Private Placement Shares are subject to a 30-day lock-up, and (iii) the Sponsor in exchange for its Founder Shares, Tether and SoftBank in the Company Merger and the shares sold to SoftBank by Tether are subject to a 6 month lock-up (as such date may be extended to the date of the effectiveness of the Resale Registration Statement), subject to the exceptions described in this proxy statement/prospectus. To the extent not registered pursuant to this proxy statement/prospectus, Pubco is required to register such shares of Pubco Class A Stock promptly after Closing. Pubco is also required promptly after Closing to register the Convertible Notes and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes. Upon the registration of such shares of Pubco Class A Stock and upon the expiration of any applicable lock-up, a substantial number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock may become available for sale, which could have a negative impact on Pubco’s share price.
• Securities Exchange Listing. The potential inability of Pubco, as a Bitcoin-native company, to obtain an initial listing and maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or any other securities exchange following the Closing.
• Closing Conditions. Completion of the Business Combination is conditioned on the satisfaction of certain closing conditions that are not within CEP’s control, such as the funding of the April PIPE Investments (exclusive of the Option) by the April PIPE Investors and completion of the Contribution.
• CEP Shareholders Holding a Minority Position in Pubco. CEP Shareholders will hold a minority ownership position in Pubco following completion of the Business Combination, with existing Public Shareholders owning approximately 2.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan.
• Control of Pubco by Tether. Pubco will have two classes of shares after Closing, with Pubco Class A Stock having no voting rights (except as required by applicable law), until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, and Pubco Class B Stock having voting rights. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. CEP Shareholders will receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger and only Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and their permitted transferees will be permitted to own shares of Pubco Class B Stock. As a result, Pubco will be a controlled company under Nasdaq listing standards after Closing, with most decisions of Pubco being controlled by Tether and other decisions requiring approval of Tether and SoftBank. Accordingly, Public Shareholders will not participate in the governance of Pubco after Closing and will be subject to the decisions of Pubco’s controlling shareholders. If Public Shareholders are unhappy with any decisions made, they will only be able to sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock, potentially at a loss. For additional information relating to limitations on affiliate transactions, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Pubco Securities.”
• Use of Tether Stablecoin and/or Bitfinex Platform. Pubco may have opportunities to conduct business in Tether’s stablecoin USDT or transact on Bitfinex’s platform, the benefits of which will inure to Tether and/or Bitfinex, respectively, and not all shareholders equally.
• Sponsor Incentives. The Sponsor and its affiliates may be incentivized to complete the Business Combination, or an alternative initial business combination with a less favorable company or on terms less favorable to CEP Shareholders, rather than to liquidate (in which case the Sponsor would lose its entire investment in CEP). In addition, as described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor and CF&Co. are entitled to consideration or fees that will only be received if the Business Combination is completed. As a result, the Sponsor may have a conflict of interest in determining whether the Business Combination is an appropriate transaction to be consummated by CEP and/or in evaluating the terms of the Business Combination.
27
• Relationship of Cantor and its affiliates with Tether and SoftBank. In addition to the interests of the Sponsor, its affiliates and certain executive officers and directors of CEP in the Business Combination described in the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination,” the CEP Board considered the potential conflicts of interest that Cantor and its affiliates may have as a result of unrelated transactions and agreements they have entered into with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination, pursuant to which Cantor and its affiliates have received fees and other consideration in the past and may continue to receive fees and other consideration in the future. As a result of these other unrelated transactions and agreements, the Sponsor and CF&Co. may be incentivized to complete the Business Combination rather than seek alternative transactions with other parties. In addition, following the Closing, CF&Co. or its affiliates may continue to provide other financial or other services to Pubco, Tether, SoftBank or their respective affiliates.
• Litigation/CEP Shareholder Actions. The possibility of litigation challenging the Business Combination or that an adverse judgment granting permanent injunctive relief could indefinitely enjoin consummation of the Business Combination, including that CEP Shareholders may object to and challenge the Business Combination and take action that may prevent or delay the Closing.
• Fees and Expenses. The fees and expenses associated with completing the Business Combination including those payable to CF&Co.
• Redemptions. The risk that a significant number of holders of Public Shares would exercise their redemption rights, thereby depleting the amount of cash available in the Trust Account to fund Pubco’s business after the Business Combination and reducing Pubco’s public “float” and the liquidity of the trading market for the Pubco Stock upon Closing.
In addition to considering the factors described above, the CEP Board also considered that:
• Interests of Certain Persons. The Sponsor, its affiliates and certain executive officers and directors of CEP, as individuals, may have interests in the Business Combination that are in addition to, and that may be different from and may conflict with, the interests of CEP Shareholders (see the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination”). CEP’s independent directors on the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered these interests during the negotiation of the Business Combination and in evaluating and unanimously approving, as members of the CEP Audit Committee, the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
• Differing Returns. The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the CEP Founder Shares (of which it currently holds 2,500,000), which such CEP Founder Shares, if unrestricted and freely tradeable, would be valued at approximately $27,000,000, based on the closing price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares of $10.80 on April 21, 2025, the business day before the CEP Board approved the Business Combination. Such shares will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated. The Sponsor and its affiliates can earn a positive rate of return on their investment even if Public Shareholders experience a negative return following the consummation of the Business Combination. Further, pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles and assuming no redemptions of Public Shares, as the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into 7,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the CEP Merger, and the Sponsor will exchange a certain number of such additional 5,000,000 shares into Convertible Notes immediately after the Closing pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. The Sponsor will not receive such additional shares or Convertible Notes if the Closing is not consummated. Subsequently, CEP entered into the June PIPE Subscription Agreements and Amendment No. 1 to Sponsor Support Agreement. As a result, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the CEP Merger (of which 1,419,182 shares will be forfeited by the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), and the Sponsor will exchange 4,630,000 of such additional shares into Convertible Notes immediately after the Closing pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement.
28
After considering the foregoing, the CEP Board concluded, in its business judgment, that the potential benefits to CEP and the CEP Shareholders relating to the Business Combination outweighed the potentially negative factors and risks relating to the Business Combination.
Recommendation to CEP Shareholders
The CEP Board has determined that the Business Combination Proposal and each of the other Proposals are in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and unanimously recommends that CEP Shareholders vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the NTA Proposal, “FOR” each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Nasdaq Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented.
For more information about the CEP Board’s recommendation and the Proposals, see the sections titled “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Recommendation of the CEP Board” and “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination”.
Sources and Use of Funds for the Business Combination
The following table summarizes the anticipated sources and uses of funds in the Business Combination, in various redemptions scenarios. Such tables are for illustrative purposes only. Where actual amounts are not known or knowable, the figures below represent good faith estimates of such amounts.
The following table summarizes the sources and uses for funding the Business Combination. The tables below reflect the “No Redemptions,” “25% Redemptions,” “50% Redemptions,” “75% Redemptions” and “100% Redemptions” scenarios described in the section entitled “Questions and Answers About the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their Affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?”
|
Assuming No Redemptions |
||||||||
|
Sources (in millions) |
Uses (in millions) |
|||||||
|
Cash in the Trust Account (as of June 30, 2025) |
$ |
104.2 |
PIPE Bitcoin Purchase |
$ |
705.7 |
|||
|
Convertible Notes PIPE Proceeds |
|
440.2 |
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Cash |
|
321.3 |
Redemptions |
|
— |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
Transaction expenses |
|
42.3 |
|||
|
|
|
Cash to Balance Sheet |
|
117.7 |
||||
|
Total Sources |
$ |
918.5 |
Total Uses |
$ |
918.5 |
|||
|
Assuming 25% Redemptions |
||||||||
|
Sources (in millions) |
Uses (in millions) |
|||||||
|
Cash in the Trust Account (as of June 30, 2025) |
$ |
104.2 |
PIPE Bitcoin Purchase |
$ |
705.7 |
|||
|
Convertible Notes PIPE Proceeds |
|
440.2 |
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Cash |
|
321.3 |
Redemptions |
|
26.0 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
Transaction expenses |
|
42.3 |
|||
|
|
|
Cash to Balance Sheet |
|
91.7 |
||||
|
Total Sources |
$ |
918.5 |
Total Uses |
$ |
918.5 |
|||
|
Assuming 50% Redemptions |
||||||||
|
Sources (in millions) |
Uses (in millions) |
|||||||
|
Cash in the Trust Account (as of June 30, 2025) |
$ |
104.2 |
PIPE Bitcoin Purchase |
$ |
705.7 |
|||
|
Convertible Notes PIPE Proceeds |
|
440.2 |
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Cash |
|
321.3 |
Redemptions |
|
52.1 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
Transaction expenses |
|
42.3 |
|||
|
|
|
Cash to Balance Sheet |
|
65.6 |
||||
|
Total Sources |
$ |
918.5 |
Total Uses |
$ |
918.5 |
|||
29
|
Assuming 75% Redemptions |
||||||||
|
Sources (in millions) |
Uses (in millions) |
|||||||
|
Cash in the Trust Account (as of June 30, 2025) |
$ |
104.2 |
PIPE Bitcoin Purchase |
$ |
705.7 |
|||
|
Convertible Notes PIPE Proceeds |
|
440.2 |
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Cash |
|
321.3 |
Redemptions |
|
78.1 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
Transaction expenses |
|
42.3 |
|||
|
|
|
Cash to Balance Sheet |
|
39.6 |
||||
|
Total Sources |
$ |
918.5 |
Total Uses |
$ |
918.5 |
|||
|
Assuming 100% Redemptions |
||||||||
|
Sources (in millions) |
Uses (in millions) |
|||||||
|
Cash in the Trust Account (as of June 30, 2025) |
$ |
104.2 |
PIPE Bitcoin Purchase |
$ |
705.7 |
|||
|
Convertible Notes PIPE Proceeds |
|
440.2 |
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Cash |
|
321.3 |
Redemptions |
|
104.2 |
|||
|
Equity PIPE Proceeds – Bitcoin |
|
52.8 |
Transaction expenses |
|
42.3 |
|||
|
|
|
Cash to Balance Sheet |
|
13.5 |
||||
|
Total Sources |
$ |
918.5 |
Total Uses |
$ |
918.5 |
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Certain Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations
For a description of certain material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the Business Combination, the exercise of redemption rights in respect of Public Shares and the ownership and disposition of shares of Pubco Stock, see the section entitled “U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”
Anticipated Accounting Treatment
The Business Combination will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, CEP will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on the current members of Twenty One having a majority of the voting power of Pubco upon the Closing, Twenty One senior management comprising all of the senior management of Pubco, and Twenty One’s operations comprising the ongoing operations of Pubco. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination will be treated as the equivalent of Twenty One issuing shares for the net assets of CEP, accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of CEP will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. As a result, any transaction costs incurred to effect the recapitalization represent costs related to issuing equity and raising capital that are recognized as a reduction to the total amount of equity raised rather than an expense recorded as incurred. Operations prior to the Business Combination will be those of Twenty One.
Emerging Growth Company
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, Pubco will be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act. Pubco will remain an “emerging growth company” until the earliest to occur of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (a) following the fifth anniversary of the Closing of the Business Combination, (b) in which Pubco has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion or (c) in which Pubco is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of shares of Pubco Stock held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the last business day of Pubco’s prior second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which Pubco issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt during the prior three-year period. Pubco intends to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to most other public companies that are classified as “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, an exemption from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that Pubco’s independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting and reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation.
Further, section 102(b)(1) of the JOBS Act exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company
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can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. Pubco has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, Pubco, as an emerging growth company, can adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard. This may make comparison of Pubco’s financial statements with certain other public companies difficult or impossible because of the potential differences in accounting standards used. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Being a Public Company — Pubco will be an “emerging growth company,” and it cannot be certain if the reduced SEC reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make shares of Pubco Stock less attractive to investors, which could have a material and adverse effect on Pubco, including its growth prospects.”
Controlled Company
After the consummation of the Transactions, Pubco will be a “controlled company” under the NYSE or Nasdaq rules, as applicable. Under the NYSE or Nasdaq rules, for example, a company may elect to utilize exemptions from certain of NYSE or Nasdaq’s corporate governance requirements, as applicable, including the requirements (a) that a majority of the board consists of independent directors; (b) for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and corporate governance and compensation committees; (c) that the company has a nominating and corporate governance committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and (d) that the company has a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibility. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock following the Business Combination — Pubco expects to qualify as a controlled company under applicable securities exchange rules and expects to avail itself of applicable exemptions from the corporate governance requirements thereof.”
Regulatory Matters
The Business Combination and the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are not subject to any additional federal or state regulatory requirement or approval, except for (i) filings with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands necessary to effectuate the CEP Merger, which will be filed on behalf of CEP and CEP Merger Sub with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands and (ii) filings with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (“Delaware Secretary of State”) necessary to effectuate the Company Merger, which will be filed on behalf of Twenty One and Company Merger Sub with the Delaware Secretary of State upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and satisfaction of all other conditions not waived by the applicable parties under the Business Combination Agreement.
Conditions to Closing of the Business Combination
Under the Business Combination Agreement, the obligations of the parties to consummate (or cause to be consummated) the Transactions are subject to a number of conditions:
Mutual Conditions to Obligations of All Parties (subject to written waiver by CEP and the Company where permissible pursuant to applicable law):
• the receipt of the Required Shareholder Approval from CEP Shareholders;
• the consummation of the Transactions not being prohibited by applicable law;
• the effectiveness of the Registration Statement;
• the shares of Pubco Class A Stock having been approved for listing on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange; and
• the April PIPE Investments having been fully funded in accordance with the respective PIPE Subscription Agreements.
Conditions to Obligations of the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank (subject to written waiver by CEP):
• the representations and warranties of CEP being true and correct, subject to the applicable materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement;
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• material compliance by CEP with its applicable pre-closing covenants;
• there having been no occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect with respect to CEP since the date of the Business Combination Agreement which is continuing and uncured; and
• the Sponsor having performed in all material respects its obligations required under the Sponsor Support Agreement.
Conditions to Obligations of CEP (subject to written waiver by the Company):
• the representations and warranties of the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and each Seller being true and correct, subject to the applicable materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement;
• material compliance by the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and each Seller with their respective pre-closing covenants;
• no occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company or Pubco; and
• completion of the Contribution.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, “Material Adverse Effect” with respect to any specified party is any fact, event, occurrence, change, or effect that has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect upon:
• The business, assets, liabilities, results of operations, prospects, or condition (financial or otherwise) of such party and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or
• The ability of such party or any of its subsidiaries to consummate the transactions contemplated by Business Combination Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party or bound or to perform its obligations under such documents.
However, with respect to the first bullet point above, the following changes or effects (by themselves or when aggregated with others) are not considered a Material Adverse Effect:
• General changes in financial or securities markets (including interest rates) or general economic or political conditions in the country or region where the party or its subsidiaries do business.
• Changes, conditions, or effects that generally affect the industries or markets in which the party or its subsidiaries principally operate.
• Changes in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin.
• Any proposal, enactment, or change in interpretation of, or any other change in, applicable laws, IFRS, GAAP, or other applicable accounting principles.
• Conditions caused by acts of God, natural disasters, terrorism, war, or an epidemic or pandemic, or the effects of governmental actions in response to them.
• The taking of any action required by the Business Combination Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement.
• Any failure by the party and its subsidiaries to meet internal or published budgets, projections, forecasts, or predictions of financial performance for any period.
The exceptions in the first, second, fourth, fifth, and seventh bullet points above will be taken into account in determining whether a Material Adverse Effect has occurred to the extent that such event has a disproportionate and adverse effect on the party or its subsidiaries compared to other similarly situated participants in the same industries.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, for CEP, the number of CEP Ordinary Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination or the failure to obtain the Required Shareholder Approval shall not, in and of itself, be deemed a Material Adverse Effect on or with respect to CEP, provided that the underlying causes of any such redemptions or failure to obtain the Required Shareholder Approval may be considered if not otherwise excluded by another exception.
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No Solicitation
During the Interim Period, the parties agreed not to solicit, encourage or engage in discussions regarding any Acquisition Proposal or Alternative Transaction outside the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement.
The parties also agreed not to provide non-public information or enter into any agreements related to such proposals. If any party receives an Acquisition Proposal, such party is expected to promptly notify the other parties and keep them informed of any developments.
Representations and Warranties
The Business Combination Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the Parties, which will not survive the Closing. Many of the representations and warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect.
CEP made representations relating to, among other things, CEP’s organization, good standing and qualification to do business, CEP’s corporate authority, governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination, absence of conflicts and certain changes, CEP’s capitalization, proper filings with the SEC, no litigation, compliance with applicable laws, permits, taxes and returns, employees and employee benefit plans, properties, material contracts, transactions with affiliates, finders and brokers, certain business practices, insurance, Trust Account.
Pubco and CEP Merger Sub each made representations relating to, among other things, organization, good standing, qualification to do business, corporate authority, governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination, absence of conflicts and certain changes, capitalization, finders and brokers, ownership of Pubco Stock and Pubco and CEP Merger Sub’s activities.
The Company made representations relating to, among other things, organization, good standing and qualification to do business, the Company’s corporate authority, governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination, absence of certain changes, title to assets, employee benefit plans, certain business practices, the Company’s activities and finders and brokers.
Tether and Bitfinex each made representations relating to, among other things, organization, good standing, qualification to do business, corporate authority, governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination, absence of conflicts, ownership, investment representations and finders and brokers.
Covenants
The Business Combination Agreement contains covenants, including, among others, providing for (i) the Company, Pubco and CEP Merger Sub to not to take certain corporate actions without the prior written consent of CEP and SoftBank during the period between signing and the Closing, (ii) CEP to conduct its business in the ordinary course consistent with past practice and refrain from specified actions without the prior written consent of the Sellers and SoftBank, (iii) the parties not to solicit or engage in discussions regarding alternative transactions, (iv) Pubco and CEP, with the assistance of the Company, to prepare and file the Registration Statement as soon as practicable following the Company’s completion of its audited financial statements, and (v) CEP and Pubco to take all reasonable and necessary actions to obtain shareholder approval and complete the Business Combination. See the section entitled “The Business Combination — Covenants” for more information.
Risk Factors
In evaluating the proposals to be presented at the Meeting, CEP Shareholders should carefully read this proxy
statement/prospectus and especially consider the factors discussed in the section entitled “Risk Factors.” These risks are summarized below.
Risks Related to the Business and Strategy of Pubco
• Twenty One has no operating history and has not yet produced any revenues, which make it difficult to evaluate Pubco’s business and future prospects, and Pubco may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in any given period.
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• Pubco may not be able to successfully execute its business strategies.
• Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with Bitcoin.
• A significant decrease in the market value of our Bitcoin holdings could adversely affect our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.
• Pubco will operate in a highly competitive environment and will compete against companies and other entities with similar strategies, including companies with significant Bitcoin holdings and ETFs and ETPs for Bitcoin and other digital assets, and Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected if Pubco is unable to compete effectively.
• We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements.
• The emergence or growth of other digital assets, including those with significant private or public sector backing, including by governments, consortiums or financial institutions, could have a negative impact on the price of Bitcoin and adversely affect Pubco’s business.
• Pubco will be highly dependent on the services of Jack Mallers, who will be our Chief Executive Officer and President.
• Pubco will rely on Tether, who will have a controlling interest in Pubco, for certain administrative and operational services.
• Stablecoins compete with Bitcoin in certain ways. Tether, our controlling shareholder, currently operates the largest stablecoin by market capitalization. There can be no assurance we will not experience competition from Tether.
• Pubco’s Bitcoin holdings will be less liquid than its cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for Pubco.
• Pubco will face risks relating to the custody of its Bitcoin, including the loss or destruction of private keys required to access our Bitcoin and cyberattacks or other data loss relating to our Bitcoin. If Pubco or its third-party service providers, including Anchorage, experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to Pubco’s Bitcoin, or if Pubco’s private keys are lost or destroyed, or other similar circumstances or events occur, including the ability to reverse engineer private keys, Pubco may lose some or all of its Bitcoin and Pubco’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
• Our limited insurance protection exposes us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our Bitcoin for which no person is liable.
• The accounting treatment of our Bitcoin holdings are likely to have significant accounting impacts, including volatility of our results. If financial accounting standards undergo significant changes, our operating results could fluctuate.
• Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, which will expose Pubco to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty, which could materially adversely affect Pubco’s financial position, operations and prospects.
• The regulatory environment for digital assets in the United States and globally remains highly uncertain and is evolving rapidly. U.S. policymakers are only beginning to define a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets. As a result, Pubco may face challenges in adapting to proposed or newly enacted laws and regulations, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and operations.
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• Bitcoin’s status as a product that may be offered and sold as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction, as well as the status of Bitcoin-related products, and services in general, is subject to uncertainty, and if Pubco is unable to properly characterize such product or service offering, Pubco may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, inquiries, investigations, fines and other penalties, which may adversely affect Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition.
• Regulatory changes classifying Bitcoin as a “security” could lead to Pubco’s classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act and could adversely affect the market price of Bitcoin and the market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Pubco will not be subject to the same legal and regulatory obligations, including certain compliance and reporting obligations intended to protect investors, that apply to investment companies such as mutual funds and ETFs, or to obligations applicable to investment advisers.
• Due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of many Bitcoin trading venues, Bitcoin trading venues may experience greater fraud, security failures or regulatory or operational problems than trading venues for more established asset classes, which may result in a loss of confidence in Bitcoin trading venues and adversely affect the value of Pubco’s Bitcoin holdings.
• Pubco’s compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect Pubco’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.
• We plan to accelerate Bitcoin adoption and Bitcoin literacy. We have not previously engaged in the business of online learning programs and educational content, and growing these operations could be difficult for us, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges and significant competition.
• We expect to engage in the future in other Bitcoin-related activities, including Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, Bitcoin-related debt and equity structured products and Bitcoin-related lending activities, all of which are subject to regulation. We have not previously engaged in these business lines and we may be unable to implement our business plan, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges, significant competition and regulation.
• Pubco may be unable to recognize the economic benefit of a “fork” or an “airdrop”, which could adversely impact an investment in Pubco.
• In the ordinary course of business managing its Bitcoin holding as a Bitcoin treasury company, Pubco may purchase Bitcoin through spot markets which may be exposed to fraud and market manipulation, including through front running and wash trading, which may adversely affect the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Bitcoin is susceptible to various types of malicious attacks, including a “51% attack” and such an attack, even temporarily, could adversely impact the price of Bitcoin and the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Although Pubco will have relevant due diligence procedures at Closing regarding anti-money laundering (“AML”) and know-your-customer (“KYC”), these procedures may fail to prevent illegal transactions, which could subject Pubco to criminal and civil liabilities and impact the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
Risks Related to Being a Public Company
• The market price of Pubco Class A Stock may be volatile and decline materially as a result of volatility in Bitcoin or the digital asset markets generally, or for other reasons. You should be aware that you may lose some or all of your investment.
• A substantial part of Pubco’s assets following the Business Combination will be its Bitcoin holdings and cash and cash equivalents from the proceeds of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments not invested in Bitcoin. Although Pubco is expected to have certain other operations, Pubco will depend on such retained cash and cash equivalents to pay its debts and other obligations.
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• Pubco’s ability to timely raise capital in the future may be limited, or may be unavailable on acceptable terms, if at all. Pubco’s failure to raise capital when needed could harm its business, operating results and financial condition.
• The issuance of additional shares or convertible securities by Pubco could make it difficult for another company to acquire Pubco, may dilute the ownership of Pubco shareholders and could adversely affect the price of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Future resales of Pubco Class A Stock after the consummation of the Business Combination may cause the market price of Pubco’s securities to drop significantly, even if Pubco’s business is doing well.
• Pubco will incur significant costs post-Business Combination as a result of being a public company, including additional legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses, as well as costs associated with public company reporting requirements.
• Pubco’s management team is expected to have limited experience managing and operating a U.S. public company.
• If Pubco is unable to maintain an effective system of internal controls and compliances, its business and reputation could be adversely affected.
• Pubco’s failure to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that will be applicable to it following consummation of the Business Combination could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and prospects.
• Pubco will be an “emerging growth company.” The reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make Pubco Class A Stock less attractive to investors.
• If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about Pubco’s business or publish negative reports, the market price of Pubco Class A Stock could decline.
• Pubco may be subject to material litigation, including individual and class action lawsuits, as well as investigations and enforcement actions by regulators and governmental authorities. These matters are often expensive and time consuming, and, if resolved adversely, could harm Pubco’s business, financial condition and operating results.
• Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation includes (a) an exclusive forum provision, which could limit a shareholder’s ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with Pubco or its directors, officers or other employees and (b) an enforceable jury trial waiver for any “internal entity claim”.
Risks Related to the Business Combination
• The market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock after the Business Combination will be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the market price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
• The consummation of the Business Combination is subject to a number of conditions and if those conditions are not satisfied or waived, the Business Combination Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Business Combination may not be completed.
• The Business Combination Agreement contains provisions that limit CEP from seeking an alternative business combination. If the Business Combination is not completed, those restrictions may make it harder for CEP to complete an alternate business combination before the end of the Combination Period.
• The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board will not change its recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, except in limited situations.
• The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares.
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• Neither CEP nor the CEP Shareholders will have the protection of any indemnification, escrow, price adjustment or other provisions that allow for a post-closing adjustment to be made to the total consideration for the Merger in the event that any of the representations and warranties in the Business Combination Agreement made by Pubco or Twenty One or any other party thereto ultimately proves to be inaccurate or incorrect.
• The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders.
• The “net cash” per Public Share not being redeemed will be less than the redemption price.
• Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing of the Business Combination as a result of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, since the value of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, as well as a result of the issuance of the shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments.
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide, among other things, that the NTA of CEP or Pubco (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the Business Combination) must be at least $5,000,001. If the NTA Proposal is not approved, the parties may be unable to consummate the Business Combination if the NTA Condition is not met. In addition, it is possible that CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock, could become subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC. Shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be “penny stock” may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq, the NYSE or other national securities exchange.
• If Public Shareholders who wish to exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination fail to properly demand such redemption rights, they will not be entitled to convert their Public Shares into a pro rata portion of the Trust Account and will instead become shareholders of Pubco.
• Public Shareholders will not have any rights or interests in funds from the Trust Account except under certain limited circumstances, which includes in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. Therefore, for a Public Shareholder to liquidate their investment in CEP prior to such times, a Public Shareholder may be forced to sell their Public Shares in the open market, potentially at a loss.
• The ability of Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may reduce proceeds available to Pubco after Closing, reduce the public “float” of shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, reduce the liquidity of the trading market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, or make it difficult to obtain or maintain the quotation, listing or trading shares of Pubco Class A Stock on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, and consequently may not allow the parties to complete the Business Combination, or optimize Pubco’s capital structure following the Business Combination.
• Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.
• Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, CEP Shareholders have no assurance from an independent source that the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to the Sellers and CEP Shareholders in the Business Combination is fair to CEP — and, by extension, CEP Shareholders — from a financial point of view.
• The parties to the Business Combination Agreement may waive one or more of the conditions to the Business Combination or certain of the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement.
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• CEP’s directors and officers will have discretion on whether to agree to changes or waivers in the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, and their interests in exercising that discretion may conflict with those of the CEP Shareholders.
• CEP Shareholders who are not affiliated with the Sponsor may be exposed to greater risk as a result of becoming shareholders of Pubco through the Business Combination rather than acquiring shares of Pubco Class A Stock directly in an underwritten public offering as a result of the differences between the two transaction structures, including that the Business Combination did not involve an independent due diligence review by an underwriter and that the Sponsor has conflicts of interest in connection with the Business Combination.
• If CEP is deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, CEP may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and its activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for CEP to complete the Business Combination.
• CEP has engaged CF&Co., who is an affiliate of the Sponsor, to act as its financial advisor in connection with the Business Combination, and CEP and Pubco have engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Investments. CEP also previously engaged CF&Co. in connection with the CEP IPO pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement. The Sponsor may therefore have additional financial interests in the completion of the Business Combination.
• Members of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board have significant experience as founders, board members, officers, executives or employees of other companies. Certain of those persons, as well as CEP’s affiliates, have been, may be, or may become, involved in litigation, investigations or other proceedings, including related to those companies or otherwise. The defense or prosecution of these matters could be time-consuming and could divert CEP management’s attention, and may have an adverse effect on CEP, which may impede CEP’s ability to consummate the Business Combination.
• Changes in laws or regulations (including the adoption of policies by governing administrations), or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect CEP’s business, including CEP’s ability to complete the Business Combination.
• If the Business Combination is not approved and CEP does not consummate another initial business combination by the end of the Combination Period, then the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares will become worthless and the expenses it has incurred will not be reimbursed. These interests may have influenced its decision to approve the Business Combination.
• If third parties bring claims against CEP, the proceeds held in the Trust Account could be reduced and the per-share redemption amount received by Public Shareholders could be less than $10.57 per share (based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event).
• CEP Shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against CEP to the extent of distributions received by them.
• CEP’s directors may decide not to enforce the indemnification obligations of the Sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the Trust Account available for distribution to the Public Shareholders.
• CEP may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of its directors and officers.
• Following the Business Combination, Pubco’s business activities may be subject to review or approval by regulatory authorities pursuant to certain U.S. or foreign laws or regulations.
• The Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have entered into letter agreements with CEP, and the Sponsor has entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement with CEP and Pubco, in each case, which requires them to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how the Public Shareholders vote.
• Because CEP is seeking to obtain shareholder approval of the Business Combination, the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers and their respective affiliates may elect to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, subject to any limitations under Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act, which may influence the vote on the Business Combination and reduce the public “float” of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
• CEP, Twenty One, Tether and SoftBank will incur transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination.
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Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock Following the Business Combination
• Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank, whose interests may conflict with yours, can individually exercise significant influence over Pubco. You will have no voting rights of Pubco Class A Stock except as required by the TBOC and the concentrated ownership of Pubco Stock may prevent you and other shareholders from influencing significant decisions in the very limited circumstances in which the TBOC will give you the right to vote and may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for Pubco Stock, and that may adversely affect the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock.
• Tether and Bitfinex, through their voting control of Pubco, are in a position to control actions that require shareholder approval and may make decisions that are adverse to other shareholders.
• Securities of companies formed through mergers with SPACs such as Pubco may experience a material decline in price relative to the share price of the SPACs prior to such merger.
• Volatility in Pubco’s share price could subject Pubco to securities class action litigation.
• Since the completion of the CEP IPO, there has been a precipitous drop in the market values of companies formed through mergers involving SPACs. Accordingly, securities of companies such as Pubco may be more volatile than other securities and may involve special risks.
• Currently, there is no public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Public Shareholders cannot be sure about whether the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop an active trading market or whether Pubco is able to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on NYSE, Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of Pubco Class A Stock and subject Pubco to additional trading restrictions.
• Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from Pubco’s actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of Pubco Stock.
• Pubco may or may not pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
• Pubco expects to qualify as a controlled company under applicable securities exchange rules and expects to avail itself of applicable exemptions from the corporate governance requirements thereof.
Risks Related to the Convertible Notes
• Pubco’s indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the Convertible Notes and could have a further material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
• Pubco may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of its indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy its obligations under its indebtedness, which may not be successful or be on commercially reasonable terms, which would materially and adversely affect Pubco’s financial position and results of operations and Pubco’s ability to satisfy its obligations under the Convertible Notes.
• The Indenture contains terms which restrict Pubco’s current and future operations, particularly its ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
• Our obligation to repurchase the Convertible Notes at the Convertible Note Investors’ option could significantly strain our liquidity and financial condition.
• The conversion ratio for the Convertible Notes will be determined based on a calculation of the Bitcoin price at Closing, and a decline in Bitcoin’s value prior to Closing could significantly increase the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock we are required to issue upon the conversion of the Convertible Notes, resulting in substantial dilution to existing holders of Pubco Class A Stock.
• The Indenture contains cross-default provisions that could result in the acceleration of all of Pubco’s indebtedness.
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• A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to Pubco’s debt securities by rating agencies, if any, may increase Pubco’s future borrowing costs and reduce its access to capital.
• There may not be sufficient collateral securing the Convertible Notes to pay all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, including because the holders and lenders of other pari passu obligations may have pari passu liens on the collateral securing the Convertible Notes, and because there are circumstances other than repayment or discharge of the Convertible Notes under which the collateral will be released automatically, without holders’ consent or the consent of the trustee under the Indenture.
Risks Related to Taxation
• Unrealized fair value gains on our Bitcoin holdings could cause us to become subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
Information about CEP
CEP is a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability on November 11, 2020. CEP was incorporated for the purpose of effecting a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses or entities. CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “CEP.”
CEP completed the CEP IPO of 10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on August 14, 2024, generating gross proceeds to CEP of $100,000,000. Simultaneously with the closing of the CEP IPO, CEP completed the sale to the Sponsor of 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per CEP Private Placement Share in the CEP Private Placement, generating gross proceeds to CEP of $3,000,000. Following the closing of the CEP IPO, a total of $100,000,000, comprised of the net proceeds from the CEP IPO and the CEP Private Placement, was placed in the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, the Trust Account balance was approximately $104.2 million. Since the CEP IPO, CEP’s activity has been limited to efforts toward locating and completing a suitable business combination.
The mailing address of CEP’s principal executive office is 110 East 59th Street, New York, New York 10022 and its telephone number is (212) 938-5000.
For more information about CEP, see the sections entitled “CEP’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Information About CEP.”
Information Related to Twenty One
Twenty One is a newly formed operating company focused exclusively on Bitcoin-related business lines that offer shareholders a differentiated opportunity to gain exposure to Bitcoin through the equity markets. With a Bitcoin-native operating structure and a strategy designed to deliver long-term value, Twenty One intends to become a leading vehicle for capital-efficient Bitcoin accumulation and related business development. Education and Twenty One branded content will be a central pillar of Twenty One’s mission to accelerate Bitcoin adoption and Bitcoin literacy at both institutional and retail levels. Shortly following the consummation of the Business Combination, Twenty One will create an education division that will commence the creation of high-quality content tailored for policymakers, institutional investors, financial advisors, corporations, and retail investors. Following its initial activities of actively accumulating and managing Bitcoin and commencing development of educational materials and branded content, Twenty One will explore the potential for providing Bitcoin-centric financial services that would leverage its Bitcoin expertise to provide solutions tailored for institutions and individuals investing in, holding, and utilizing Bitcoin.
Twenty One is incorporated in the State of Texas. Following the consummation of the Closing, if Pubco’s application for listing is approved, shares of Pubco Class A Stock are expected to be listed on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange under the ticker symbol “XXI.”
Twenty One will be an operating company engaged in a number of businesses focused on Bitcoin. Immediately following the Closing, Twenty One will engage in two principal activities: (i) actively accumulating Bitcoin and managing its Bitcoin holdings and (ii) commencing development of educational materials and branded content intended to drive increased institutional and retail investor Bitcoin literacy. In addition, Twenty One expects to engage in Bitcoin-centric financial services that would leverage Twenty One’s Bitcoin expertise to provide solutions tailored for institutions and individuals investing in, holding, and utilizing Bitcoin. Preparation for the launch of these financial services is expected to begin shortly after the Closing, with launch timing subject to regulatory approvals, market needs, and the macroeconomic environment.
40
CEP SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The following table sets forth selected historical financial information derived from (i) CEP’s unaudited condensed financial statements as of June 30, 2025, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, and (ii) CEP’s audited financial statements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, included elsewhere in this proxy statement. You should read the following selected financial data in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of CEP” and the financial statements and the related notes appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus.
Balance Sheets
|
As of |
As of |
As of |
||||||||||
|
Cash |
$ |
25,000 |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Total Current Assets |
$ |
295,750 |
|
$ |
253,250 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Available-for-sale debt securities held in Trust Account, at fair value |
$ |
104,166,637 |
|
$ |
101,976,363 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Total Assets |
$ |
104,488,263 |
|
$ |
102,369,517 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Notes payable – related party |
$ |
645,543 |
|
$ |
332,992 |
|
$ |
182,434 |
|
|||
|
Payable to related party |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
763 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Total Liabilities |
$ |
1,447,300 |
|
$ |
443,099 |
|
$ |
295,041 |
|
|||
|
Class A ordinary shares subject to possible redemption |
$ |
105,666,742 |
|
$ |
103,476,372 |
|
$ |
— |
|
|||
|
Total Shareholders’ Deficit |
$ |
(2,625,779 |
) |
$ |
(1,549,954 |
) |
$ |
(295,041 |
) |
|||
Statements of Operations
|
For the Three Months Ended |
For the Six Months Ended |
For the Years Ended |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2025 |
2024 |
2025 |
2024 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Loss from operations |
$ |
(632,720 |
) |
$ |
(14,790 |
) |
$ |
(1,075,825 |
) |
$ |
(35,345 |
) |
$ |
(343,945 |
) |
$ |
(252,866 |
) |
||||||
|
Interest income on investments held in the Trust Account |
|
1,111,473 |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,272,072 |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,881,736 |
|
|
— |
|
||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ |
478,753 |
|
$ |
(14,790 |
) |
$ |
1,196,247 |
|
$ |
(35,345 |
) |
$ |
1,537,791 |
|
$ |
(252,866 |
) |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Class A – Public shares |
|
10,000,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,000,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
3,825,137 |
|
|
— |
|
||||||
|
Class A – Private placement |
|
300,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
114,754 |
|
|
— |
|
||||||
|
Class B – Ordinary |
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
|
2,500,000 |
|
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Class A – Public shares |
$ |
0.04 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
$ |
— |
|
||||||
|
Class A – Private placement |
$ |
0.04 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
0.09 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
0.24 |
|
$ |
— |
|
||||||
|
Class B – Ordinary |
$ |
0.04 |
|
$ |
(0.01 |
) |
$ |
0.09 |
|
$ |
(0.01 |
) |
$ |
0.24 |
|
$ |
(0.10 |
) |
||||||
41
Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
|
For the Three Months Ended |
For the Six Months Ended |
For the Years Ended |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
2025 |
2024 |
2025 |
2024 |
2024 |
2023 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
Net income (loss) |
$ |
478,753 |
|
$ |
(14,790 |
) |
$ |
1,196,247 |
|
$ |
(35,345 |
) |
$ |
1,537,791 |
$ |
(252,866 |
) |
||||||
|
Other comprehensive income (loss): |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||
|
Change in unrealized appreciation (depreciation) of available-for-sale debt securities |
|
(7,402 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(81,702 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
94,636 |
|
— |
|
||||||
|
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |
|
(7,402 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
(81,702 |
) |
|
— |
|
|
94,636 |
|
— |
|
||||||
|
Comprehensive income (loss) |
$ |
471,351 |
|
$ |
(14,790 |
) |
$ |
1,114,545 |
|
$ |
(35,345 |
) |
$ |
1,632,427 |
$ |
(252,866 |
) |
||||||
Statements of Cash Flows
|
For the Six Months Ended |
For the Years Ended |
|||||||||||||||
|
2025 |
2024 |
2024 |
2023 |
|||||||||||||
|
Cash Flow Data |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
Net cash used in operating activities |
$ |
(96 |
) |
$ |
(90,204 |
) |
$ |
(137,586 |
) |
$ |
(33,507 |
) |
||||
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |
$ |
96 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(100,000,000 |
) |
$ |
— |
|
||||
|
Net cash provided by financing activities |
$ |
— |
|
$ |
90,204 |
|
$ |
100,162,586 |
|
$ |
33,507 |
|
||||
42
SELECTED UNAUDITED PRO FORMA CONDENSED COMBINED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not necessarily reflect what the combined company’s financial condition or results of operations would have been had the Business Combination occurred on the dates indicated. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements also may not be useful in predicting the future financial condition and results of operations of the combined company. The actual financial position and results of operations may differ significantly from the pro forma amounts reflected herein due to a variety of factors. The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements are presented for illustrative purposes only.
The historical financial statements of Twenty One have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP and in its functional and presentation currency of the United States dollar (“USD”). The historical financial statements of CEP have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP in its functional and presentation currency of USD.
The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information has been prepared using the assumptions below with respect to the potential redemption of Public Shares into cash:
• Assuming No Redemptions: This presentation assumes that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon consummation of the Business Combination.
• Assuming 100% Redemptions: This presentation assumes that Public Shareholders holding 10,000,000 Public Shares exercise their redemption rights for $105.7 million in the aggregate upon consummation of the Business Combination at a redemption price of approximately $10.57 per share as of June 30, 2025 (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes). The 100% Redemptions scenario reflects the maximum number of Public Shares that can be redeemed with the assumption that the NTA Proposal is passed by the CEP Shareholders and that the CEP Memorandum and Articles are amended such that CEP will not be required to maintain a minimum NTA of at least $5,000,001 prior to or upon consummation of the Business Combination after giving effect to the payments to redeeming Public Shareholders. This scenario includes all adjustments contained in the “No Redemptions” scenario and presents additional adjustments to reflect the effect of the 100% Redemptions scenario.
The following table sets out share ownership of Pubco on a pro forma basis assuming the No Redemptions scenario and the 100% Redemptions scenario:
|
No |
100% |
|||
|
Twenty One Class A members(2) |
304,852,759 |
304,852,759 |
||
|
Public Shareholders |
10,000,000 |
— |
||
|
Sponsor(1) |
3,779,658 |
3,779,658 |
||
|
Equity PIPE Investors |
27,857,143 |
27,857,143 |
||
|
Total |
346,489,560 |
336,489,560 |
_________
(1) Includes 64,554 shares to be converted from the CEP note payable — related party at $10.00 per share and includes an additional 915,104 shares to be issued to the Sponsor pursuant to the anti-dilution right of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares included in the CEP Memorandum and Articles.
(2) Includes 267,320,245 merger consideration shares and an additional 37,532,514 shares, calculated as 4,422.688667 Bitcoin at $84,863.57 per share in accordance with Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, divided by $10.00 per share.
|
No |
100% |
|||
|
Twenty One Class B members |
304,852,759 |
304,852,759 |
||
|
Total |
304,852,759 |
304,852,759 |
43
The following table sets out summary data derived from the unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet and the unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined balance sheet as of June 30, 2025 gives effect to the Business Combination as if it had occurred on June 30, 2025. The summary unaudited pro forma condensed combined statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024 gives effect to the Business Combination as if it had occurred on January 1, 2024.
|
Pro Forma Combined |
||||||
|
No Redemptions |
100% |
|||||
|
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Data for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2025 |
|
|
||||
|
Net income |
$ |
606,496,300 |
$ |
606,496,300 |
||
|
Net income per share – basic |
$ |
1.75 |
$ |
1.80 |
||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic |
|
346,489,560 |
|
336,489,560 |
||
|
Net income per share – diluted |
$ |
1.58 |
$ |
1.62 |
||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted |
|
383,912,636 |
|
373,912,636 |
||
|
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statement of Operations Data for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 |
|
|
||||
|
Net income |
$ |
1,737,502,579 |
$ |
1,737,502,579 |
||
|
Net income per share – basic |
$ |
5.01 |
$ |
5.16 |
||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic |
|
346,489,560 |
|
336,489,560 |
||
|
Net income per share – diluted |
$ |
4.53 |
$ |
4.65 |
||
|
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted |
|
383,912,636 |
|
373,912,636 |
||
|
Summary Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Balance Sheet Data as of June 30, 2025 |
|
|
||||
|
Total assets |
$ |
4,912,752,670 |
$ |
4,807,085,928 |
||
|
Total liabilities |
$ |
484,622,538 |
$ |
473,814,359 |
||
|
Total equity |
$ |
4,428,130,132 |
$ |
4,333,271,569 |
||
44
The following risk factors may have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations of Pubco, Twenty One and CEP following the completion of the Business Combination. These risk factors are not exhaustive and investors are encouraged to perform their own investigation with respect to the business, prospects, financial condition and operating results of Pubco’s business, prospects, financial condition and operating results following the completion of the Business Combination. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to the other information included or incorporated by reference in this proxy statement/prospectus, including matters addressed in the section entitled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” before deciding how to vote your shares of CEP Ordinary Shares. Please see the section entitled “Where You Can Find More Information” in this proxy statement/prospectus. Pubco, Twenty One and CEP may face additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known to them or that they currently deem immaterial, which may also impair Pubco’s business, prospects, financial condition or operating results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements of Twenty One and the financial statements of CEP and notes thereto included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. Throughout this section, unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references to “we,” “us,” “our,” and other similar terms refer to Pubco prior to and/or after giving effect to the Business Combination.
Risks Related to the Business and Strategy of Pubco
Twenty One has no operating history and has not yet produced any revenues, which make it difficult to evaluate Pubco’s business and future prospects, and Pubco may not be able to achieve or maintain profitability in any given period.
Twenty One was incorporated as a Delaware corporation on March 7, 2025 and converted into a Delaware limited liability company on April 17, 2025. Twenty One has no operating history and the volatile nature of the price of Bitcoin, which will constitute a substantial part of our assets make it difficult to evaluate our future prospects. Twenty One’s lack of operating history will also make it difficult to accurately forecast the future results of operations, which is subject to a number of uncertainties including Pubco’s ability to grow its BPS and BRR, and the market size and growth opportunities in each of Pubco’s anticipated lines of business.
Pubco’s initial business strategy depends on its ability to raise capital to continue to acquire additional Bitcoin and fund its learning programs and educational content. Pubco cannot guarantee its ability to raise additional capital, or to raise additional capital on favorable terms, which may adversely impact our business. See “Pubco’s ability to timely raise capital in the future may be limited, or may be unavailable on acceptable terms, if at all. Pubco’s failure to raise capital when needed could harm its business, operating results and financial condition.”
Pubco’s ability to generate cash flow initially will largely be dependent on its ability to raise capital to acquire additional Bitcoin and to develop and improve its learning programs and educational content towards greater adoption of Bitcoin. Pubco expects to commence the provision of Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services once it is generating sufficient revenues from its Bitcoin accumulation and management activities. Pubco’s business strategy may not be realized as quickly as hoped, or even at all. Further, even if we achieve growth, in future periods, that growth could slow or decline for a number of reasons, including, but not limited to, Bitcoin volatility, increased competition, digital coins that compete with and may result in a decline in utilization of Bitcoin or replace Bitcoin, our inability to develop, improve or effectively scale Bitcoin acquisition or the educational programs or financial and advisory services, government regulation or Pubco’s failure, for any reason, to continue to take advantage of growth opportunities.
Bitcoin market opportunity estimates and growth forecasts are subject to significant uncertainty and are based on assumptions and estimates that may not prove to be accurate. There is no assurance that any estimates driving Bitcoin acquisition strategies will accurately reflect any particular level of revenue or growth prospects for Pubco.
We will encounter risks and difficulties as described in this section. If we do not manage these risks successfully, our business may be adversely impacted. If Pubco’s assumptions regarding these risks and uncertainties and its future growth are incorrect or change adversely, or if Pubco does not address these risks successfully, Pubco’s operating and financial results could differ materially from its expectations, and its business could suffer. If our revenue growth rate, when we are at a revenue generation stage, were to decline significantly or become negative, it could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition. If we are not able to achieve or maintain positive cash flow from
45
operations, or if the price of Bitcoin declines significantly, our business may be adversely impacted and we may require additional financing, which may not be available on favorable terms or at all, may restrict the distribution of dividends or other payments to shareholders, or may be dilutive to our shareholders.
Pubco may not be able to successfully execute its business strategies.
A significant part of Pubco’s strategy is Bitcoin acquisition, however:
• our acquisition strategy is susceptible to various risks associated with Bitcoin, including volatility;
• we may compete with others to acquire Bitcoin, and as competition increases, decreased availability or increased prices for acquisition could result;
• we may experience difficulty in anticipating the timing and availability of Bitcoin acquisition;
• we may not be able to obtain further financing, on favorable terms or at all, to finance any of our potential Bitcoin acquisitions; and
• we may not be able to generate the cash necessary to execute our Bitcoin acquisition strategy.
The occurrence of any of these factors could adversely affect our Bitcoin acquisition strategy.
Pubco also expects to develop learning programs and educational content geared towards greater adoption of Bitcoin, and in the future Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, both of which are subject to significant risks. See “We plan to accelerate Bitcoin adoption and Bitcoin literacy. We have not previously engaged in the business of online learning programs and educational content, and growing these operations could be difficult for us, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges and significant competition.” See also “We expect to engage in the future in other Bitcoin-related activities, including Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, Bitcoin-related debt and equity structured products and Bitcoin-related lending activities, all of which are subject to regulation. We have not previously engaged in these business lines and we may be unable to implement our business plan, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges, significant competition and regulation.”
Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Our operating results will be dependent on the broader Bitcoin economy. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of digital assets and the volatile price of Bitcoin, which has experienced and continues to experience significant volatility, we expect that our operating results will fluctuate significantly from quarter to quarter in accordance with market sentiments and movements in the broader Bitcoin economy. We expect that our operating results will fluctuate significantly as a result of a variety of factors, many of which are unpredictable and in certain instances are outside of our control, including:
• fluctuations in the price of Bitcoin, of which we will have significant holdings, and in which we expect we will continue to make significant purchases and announcements about our transactions in Bitcoin;
• regulatory, commercial and technical developments related to Bitcoin or the Bitcoin blockchain;
• investor perception of Pubco, including as compared to investment vehicles that are designed to track the price of Bitcoin, such as spot Bitcoin ETPs;
• changes in the legislative or regulatory environment or actions by U.S. or Non-U.S. governments or regulators, including fines, orders or consent decrees;
• regulatory changes or scrutiny that impact our ability to offer certain products or services;
• pricing for or temporary suspensions of products and services we expect to offer in the future in accordance with our strategy;
• investments we may make in the development of products and services, and sales and marketing;
46
• market conditions of, and overall sentiment towards, Bitcoin, including negative publicity, media or social media coverage, or sentiment due to events in or relating to, or perception of, Bitcoin or the broader digital assets industry, for example: (i) public perception that Bitcoin can be used as a vehicle to circumvent sanctions, including sanctions imposed on Russia or certain regions related to the ongoing conflict between Russia and Ukraine, or to fund criminal or terrorist activities, such as the purported use of digital assets by Hamas to fund its terrorist attack against Israel in October 2023; (ii) previous, pending, or expected civil, criminal, regulatory enforcement or other high profile actions against major participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem, including the SEC’s dismissed enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc., Payward Ventures, and Binance Holdings Ltd.; (iii) additional filings for bankruptcy protection or bankruptcy proceedings of major digital asset industry participants, such as the bankruptcy proceeding of FTX Trading Ltd. and its affiliates; and (iv) the actual or perceived environmental impact of Bitcoin and related activities, including environmental concerns raised by private individuals, governmental and non-governmental organizations and other actors related to the energy resources consumed in the Bitcoin mining process;
• the fact that Bitcoin holdings have been and may continue to be concentrated among Bitcoin treasuries, in particular that the largest Bitcoin wallets are believed to hold, in aggregate, a significant percentage of the Bitcoin in circulation; it is possible that other persons or entities control multiple wallets that collectively hold a significant number of Bitcoin, even if they individually only hold a small amount; concentrated Bitcoin holdings may permit large holders of Bitcoin, alone or in coordination, to manipulate the price of Bitcoin by restricting or expanding the supply of Bitcoin; or the market price of Bitcoin may be susceptible to large sales or distribution by such holders, whether purposeful or forced as a result of such holders becoming illiquid; and the concentration of Bitcoin holdings, and susceptibility to such holders, may also erode investor confidence in Bitcoin and investment strategies of Bitcoin treasuries;
• investment and trading activities, such as (i) trading activities of highly active retail and institutional users, speculators, miners and investors; (ii) actual or expected significant dispositions of Bitcoin by large holders, including the expected liquidation of digital assets associated with entities that have filed for bankruptcy protection, such as FTX Trading Ltd., which in late 2023 and early 2024 sold several billion dollars worth of digital assets, including Bitcoin, and the transfer and sale of Bitcoin associated with significant hacks, seizures or forfeitures, such as the transfers of Bitcoin to (a) creditors of the hacked cryptocurrency exchange Mt. Gox which began in July 2024, (b) claimants following restitution proceedings allocating $9 billion of recovered Bitcoin related to a 2016 hack of Bitfinex, (c) the German government following the seizure of about 50,000 Bitcoin in January 2024 from the operator of the website Movie2k.to, or (d) the government of the United Kingdom after £5 billion worth of Bitcoin seizures from criminal defendants, (e) the United States government after the Southern District of New York seized 51,680 Bitcoin in late 2021 and early 2022 from a defendant convicted of wire fraud or (f) the U.S. Department of Justice which in January 2025 gained approval from the Northern District Court of California to liquidate 69,370 Bitcoin seized from the Silk Road marketplace; and (iii) actual or perceived manipulation of the spot or derivative markets for Bitcoin or spot Bitcoin ETPs;
• macroeconomic conditions, including interest rates, inflation and central banking policies;
• regulatory, legislative, enforcement and judicial actions that adversely affect the price, ownership, transferability, trading volumes, legality or public perception of Bitcoin, or that adversely affect the operations of or otherwise prevent digital asset custodians, trading venues, lending platforms or other digital assets industry participants from operating in a manner that allows them to continue to deliver services to the digital assets industry;
• the development and introduction of existing and new products and services by our competitors;
• competition from other digital assets that exhibit better speed, security, scalability or energy efficiency, that feature other more favored characteristics, that are backed by governments, including the U.S. government, or reserves of fiat currencies, or that represent ownership or security interests in physical assets;
• a decrease in the price of other digital assets, including stablecoins, or the crash or unavailability of stablecoins that are used as a medium of exchange for Bitcoin purchase and sale transactions, such as the temporary or total loss of value of the stablecoins Terra USD, USDT and USDC in recent years, including
47
to the extent the decrease in the price of such other digital assets or the unavailability of such stablecoins may cause a decrease in the price of Bitcoin or adversely affect investor confidence in digital assets generally;
• disruptions, failures, unavailability or interruptions in service of trading venues for Bitcoin, such as, for example, the announcement by the digital asset exchange FTX Trading Ltd. that it would freeze withdrawals and transfers from its accounts and subsequent filing for bankruptcy protection and the SEC enforcement action brought against Binance Holdings Ltd., which initially sought to freeze all of its assets during the pendency of the enforcement action and has since resulted in Binance Holdings Ltd. discontinuing all fiat deposits and withdrawals in the U.S.;
• the identification of Satoshi Nakamoto, the pseudonymous person or persons who developed Bitcoin, or the transfer of substantial amounts of Bitcoin from Bitcoin wallets attributed to Mr. Nakamoto;
• the development and introduction of new products and services by us;
• our ability to control costs, including our operating expenses incurred to grow and expand our operations and to remain competitive;
• system failure, outages or interruptions, including with respect to our Bitcoin custodian and our platforms, including those due to third-party actions;
• our lack of control over decentralized or third-party blockchains and networks that may experience downtime, cyber-attacks, critical failures, errors, bugs, corrupted files, data losses or other similar software failures, outages, breaches and losses;
• breaches of security or privacy;
• further reductions in mining rewards of Bitcoin, including due to block reward halving events, which are events that occur after a specific period of time (the most recent of which occurred in April 2024) that reduce the block reward earned by “miners” who validate Bitcoin transactions, or increases in the costs associated with Bitcoin mining, including increases in electricity costs and hardware and software used in mining, or new or enhanced regulation or taxation of Bitcoin mining, which could further increase the costs associated with Bitcoin mining, any of which may cause a decline in support for the Bitcoin network;
• transaction congestion and fees associated with processing transactions on the Bitcoin network;
• developments in mathematics or technology, including in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing or new applications of current knowledge in these fields, that could result in the cryptography used by the Bitcoin blockchain becoming insecure or ineffective;
• legal, commercial and regulatory uncertainty regarding Bitcoin and other digital assets due to their novelty, see “— Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, which will expose Pubco to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty, which could materially adversely affect Pubco’s financial position, operations and prospects”;
• changes in national and international economic and political conditions, including, without limitation, federal government policies, trade tariffs and trade disputes, the adverse impacts attributable to the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the economic sanctions adopted in response to the conflict and the broadening of the Israel-Hamas conflict to other countries in the Middle East;
• our ability to establish and maintain any future partnerships, collaborations, joint ventures or strategic alliances with third parties; and
• our ability to attract and retain talent.
As a result of these factors, it is difficult for us to forecast growth trends accurately and our business and future prospects are difficult to evaluate, particularly in the short term.
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Further, we cannot predict what further action may be taken with respect to tariffs or trade relations between the U.S. and other governments. Any such changes could fundamentally alter the competitive and regulatory landscape in which we operate, and political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets, all of which could potentially having a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation.
In addition, the stock market and the markets for both Bitcoin-influenced and technology companies have experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies in those markets. In particular, future trading prices in Pubco Class A Stock may reflect market dynamics that are not connected to valuation methods commonly associated with operating companies in similar industries or with companies engaged predominantly in passive investments in Bitcoin or other commodities, such as ETFs. Equity market capitalizations of other such companies are often in excess of stockholders’ equity calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and in excess of valuations that might traditionally be expected based on their operating performances, cash flows and net assets. Investors may therefore be unable to assess the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock or evaluate the risks of an investment in us using traditional or commonly used enterprise valuation methods. We cannot predict how these dynamics may evolve over time, or whether or how long they may last. These market and industry factors may significantly harm the market price of Pubco Class A Stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with Bitcoin.
Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with Bitcoin, including the following:
Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset. For example, based on BRRNY, Bitcoin has traded below $55,000 per Bitcoin and above $120,000 per Bitcoin on the Coinbase, Inc. exchange in the 12 months preceding September 1, 2025. The trading price of Bitcoin significantly increased during 2024 and has traded between approximately $40,000 and $105,000 per Bitcoin. As of September 1, 2025, the price of Bitcoin had increased by over 2,800% in U.S. dollar terms since January 1, 2019, according to Bloomberg. Volatility may continue in the future and historical trends could reverse dramatically. See “— Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.” See also “— We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements.”
Bitcoin does not pay interest, dividends or other returns and we can only generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings if we sell our Bitcoin or implement strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate cash by using our Bitcoin holdings, for example, through provisions of financial and advisory services that we may offer in the future. Even if we pursue any such strategies, we may be unable to create income streams or otherwise generate cash from our Bitcoin holdings, and any such strategies may subject us to additional risks.
Our Bitcoin holdings may significantly impact our financial results and in turn may impact the market price of Pubco Class A Stock. If we continue to increase our overall holdings of Bitcoin relative to the other parts of our business in the future, our Bitcoin holdings will have an even greater impact on our financial results and the market price of Pubco Class A Stock. We intend to purchase additional Bitcoin and increase our overall holdings of Bitcoin in the future. The concentration of our Bitcoin holdings limits the risk mitigation that we could take advantage of by purchasing a more diversified portfolio of treasury assets, and the absence of diversification enhances the risks inherent in our Bitcoin acquisition strategy. See “— Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.” See also “— We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements.”
Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy has not been tested by us to date. While certain issuers have operating histories that involve a Bitcoin acquisition strategy that may be comparable to the Bitcoin acquisition strategy Pubco intends to execute, these have not been tested over an extended period of time or under different market conditions. We will continuously examine the risks and rewards of our Bitcoin acquisition strategy. For example, although we believe Bitcoin, due to its limited supply, has the potential to serve as a hedge against inflation in the long term, the short-term price of Bitcoin declined in recent periods during which the inflation rate increased. Some investors and other market participants may disagree with our Bitcoin acquisition strategy or actions we undertake to implement it. If Bitcoin Prices were to decrease
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or our Bitcoin acquisition strategy otherwise proves unsuccessful, our financial condition, results of operations and the market price of Pubco Class A Stock may be materially adversely impacted. See also “— A significant decrease in the market value of our Bitcoin holdings could adversely affect our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.”
Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy will expose us to the risk of non-performance by counterparties, whether contractual or otherwise. Risk of non-performance includes the inability or refusal of a counterparty to perform for any reason, including because of a deterioration in the counterparty’s financial condition and liquidity. Custodians, or other counterparties might fail to perform in accordance with the terms of future agreements with them, which could result in a loss of Bitcoin, a loss of the opportunity to generate funds, or other losses. Although we will implement various measures that are designed to mitigate our counterparty risks, including by storing substantially all of the Bitcoin in custody accounts at U.S.-based, custodians that service institutions and negotiating contractual arrangements intended to establish that our property interest in custodially-held Bitcoin is not subject to claims of our custodians’ creditors, applicable insolvency law is not fully developed with respect to the holding of digital assets in custodial accounts. While all of our custodians are expected to be subject to regulatory regimes intended to protect customers in the event of a custodial bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceeding, no assurance can be provided that our custodially-held Bitcoin will not become part of the custodian’s insolvency estate if one or more of our custodians enters bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceedings. If our custodially-held Bitcoin were nevertheless considered to be the property of our custodians’ estates in the event that any such custodians were to enter bankruptcy, receivership or similar insolvency proceedings, we could be treated as a general unsecured creditor of such custodians, inhibiting our ability to exercise ownership rights with respect to such Bitcoin and this may ultimately result in the loss of the value related to some or all of such Bitcoin. Even if we are able to prevent our Bitcoin from being considered the property of a custodian’s bankruptcy estate as part of an insolvency proceeding, it is possible that we would still be delayed or may otherwise experience difficulty in accessing our Bitcoin held by the affected custodian during the pendency of the insolvency proceedings. Any such outcome could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Our primary counterparty risk with respect to our Bitcoin is expected to be custodian performance obligations under the custody arrangements we will enter into. Additionally, if we pursue any strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings, we would become subject to additional counterparty risks. Any significant non-performance by counterparties, including in particular the custodians with which we custody substantially all of our Bitcoin, could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results. See “Pubco will face risks relating to the custody of its Bitcoin, including the loss or destruction of private keys required to access our Bitcoin and cyberattacks or other data loss relating to our Bitcoin. If Pubco or its third-party service providers, including Anchorage, experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to Pubco’s Bitcoin, or if Pubco’s private keys are lost or destroyed, or other similar circumstances or events occur, including the ability to reverse engineer private keys, Pubco may lose some or all of its Bitcoin and Pubco’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.”
The broader digital assets industry is subject to counterparty risks, which could adversely impact the adoption rate, price and use of Bitcoin. For example, a series of high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry, including the filings for bankruptcy protection by Three Arrows Capital, Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, BlockFi Lending, Core Scientific, FTX Trading, Alameda Research and Genesis Global Capital, the closure or liquidation of certain financial institutions that provided lending and other services to the digital assets industry, including Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and Silvergate Bank, the potential of SEC enforcement actions, the placement of Prime Trust, LLC into receivership following a cease-and-desist order issued by Nevada’s Department of Business and Industry, and the filing and subsequent settlements of lawsuits by the New York Attorney General against Galaxy Digital Holdings, Genesis Global Capital, Genesis’ parent company Digital Currency Group, Inc., and former partner Gemini Trust Company, had highlighted the counterparty risks applicable to owning and transacting in digital assets. Bankruptcies, closures, liquidations and other events may impact our access to Bitcoin and could negatively impact the adoption rate and use of Bitcoin. Additional bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions or other events involving participants in the digital assets industry in the future may further negatively impact the adoption rate, price and use of Bitcoin, limit the availability to us of financing collateralized by Bitcoin or create or expose additional counterparty risks.
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The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the future that are not possible to predict. See “— Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, which will expose Pubco to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty, which could materially adversely affect Pubco’s financial position, operations and prospects.”
A significant decrease in the market value of our Bitcoin holdings could adversely affect our ability to satisfy our financial obligations.
As of the Closing, our outstanding indebtedness will be $486.5 million. As part of our Bitcoin strategy, we may incur or continue to incur additional indebtedness and other fixed charges. If our businesses do not generate cash flow in future periods sufficient to satisfy our financial obligations, including our debt and other financial obligations, we intend to fund our obligations using cash flow generated by equity or debt financings. Our ability to obtain equity or debt financing may in turn depend on, among other factors, the value of our Bitcoin holdings, investor sentiment and the general public perception of Bitcoin, our strategy and our value proposition. Accordingly, a significant decline in the market value of our Bitcoin holdings or a negative shift in these other factors may create liquidity and credit risks, as such a decline or such shifts may adversely impact our ability to secure sufficient equity or debt financing to satisfy our financial obligations, including our debt and other financial obligations. These risks could materialize at times when Bitcoin is trading below its carrying value on our most recent balance sheet or below our cost basis. As Bitcoin will constitute a substantial part of our balance sheet, if we are unable to generate revenue from our anticipated development of Bitcoin-related learning programs and educational content or, in the future, Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services or secure equity or debt financing in a timely manner, on favorable terms, or at all, we may be required to sell Bitcoin to satisfy these obligations. Any such sale of Bitcoin may have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, and could impair our ability to secure additional equity or debt financing in the future. Our inability to secure additional equity or debt financing in a timely manner, on favorable terms or at all, or to sell our Bitcoin in amounts and at prices sufficient to satisfy our financial obligations, including our debt service obligations, could cause us to default under such obligations. Any default on our indebtedness may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition.
Pubco will operate in a highly competitive environment and will compete against companies and other entities with similar strategies, including companies with significant Bitcoin holdings and ETFs and ETPs for Bitcoin and other digital assets, and Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected if Pubco is unable to compete effectively.
The digital assets industry is highly innovative, rapidly evolving and characterized by healthy competition, experimentation, changing customer needs, frequent introductions of new products and services, and subject to uncertain and evolving industry and regulatory requirements. We expect competition to further intensify in the future. We compete against a number of companies operating both within the United States and abroad, and both those that focus on traditional financial services and those that focus on Bitcoin-based services. Our main competition falls into the following categories:
• traditional financial firms that have entered the Bitcoin market in recent years and offer overlapping features targeted at our future customers;
• financial technology providers that do not focus on Bitcoin and may attempt to position themselves as a safer alternative to our future products and services;
• companies with significant Bitcoin holdings; and
• companies focused on the Bitcoin market, some of whom choose to operate outside of local rules and regulations or in jurisdictions with less stringent local rules and regulations and are potentially able to more quickly adapt to trends and to develop new Bitcoin-based products and services due to a different standard of regulatory scrutiny.
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If we are unable to compete successfully, or if competing successfully requires us to take costly actions in response to the actions of our competitors, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.
The range of options to gain exposure to Bitcoin may expand in the future. If investors choose to gain such exposure through ETPs, companies with significant Bitcoin holdings or other similar strategies, rather than shares of Pubco Class A Stock, Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected.
Investors may view Pubco Class A Stock as an alternative to an investment in an ETP, and choose to purchase shares of a spot Bitcoin ETP instead of Pubco Class A Stock. They may do so for a variety of reasons, including if they believe that ETPs offer a “pure play” exposure to Bitcoin that is generally not subject to federal income tax at the entity level as we may be, or the other risks that may affect other parts of our business. Additionally, unlike spot Bitcoin ETPs, we (i) use BPS and BRR and do not seek for our shares of Pubco Class A Stock to passively track the value of the underlying Bitcoin we hold before payment of expenses and liabilities, (ii) do not benefit from various exemptions and relief under the Exchange Act, including Regulation M, and other securities laws, which enable ETPs to continuously align the value of their shares to the price of the underlying assets they hold through share creation and redemption, (iii) are a Texas corporation rather than a statutory trust, and do not operate pursuant to a trust agreement that would require us to pursue one or more stated investment objectives, and (iv) are not required to provide daily transparency as to our Bitcoin holdings or our daily net asset value. Furthermore, recommendations by broker-dealers to buy, hold or sell complex products and non-traditional ETPs, or an investment strategy involving such products, may be subject to additional or heightened scrutiny that would not be applicable to broker-dealers making recommendations with respect to Pubco Class A Stock. Based on how we are viewed in the market relative to ETPs, and other vehicles which offer economic exposure to Bitcoin, such as Bitcoin futures ETFs, leveraged Bitcoin futures ETFs and similar vehicles offered on international exchanges, any premium or discount in Pubco Class A Stock relative to the value of our Bitcoin holdings may increase or decrease in different market conditions.
As a result of the foregoing factors, availability of spot ETPs for Bitcoin and other digital assets could have a material adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements.
The Bitcoin market has been characterized by significant volatility and unexpected price movements, and has previously experienced significant declines. Bitcoin may become more volatile and less liquid in a very short period of time. As previously discussed in this section, a series of recent high-profile bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions and other events relating to companies operating in the digital asset industry have highlighted the counterparty risks applicable to owning and transacting in digital assets. See “Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.”
These bankruptcies, closures, liquidations and other events have created significant volatility in the markets for cryptocurrency generally and for Bitcoin particularly. Additional bankruptcies, closures, liquidations, regulatory enforcement actions or other events involving participants in the digital assets industry in the future could result in market prices being subject to erratic and abrupt market movement, which could harm our business. Further, because there is no centralized authority which determines the price of Bitcoin, pricing often differs between exchanges. When some exchanges are viewed as higher risk, that price differential can widen as traders attempt to exploit these differences. Volatility in the price of Bitcoin, as well as the lack of a standard price, could lead consumers to see Bitcoin as an unsafe asset. In addition, if we were to attempt to monetize the Bitcoin we hold on our balance sheet, such price volatility could lead to trading losses, impacting our financial position.
For example, based on the BRRNY index, on May 31, 2024, the price of Bitcoin was $67,488.19 On September 1, 2025, the price of Bitcoin was $109,237.5. Between those dates, Bitcoin experienced significant volatility. For example, on August 1, 2024, the price of Bitcoin was $63,212.98, and on August 5, 2024, the price of Bitcoin was $53,127.99. On August 23, 2024, the price of Bitcoin had risen again to $63,575.17. In 2023, price swings were even more drastic, with prices as low as $16,606 at the beginning of the year and as high as $44,103 at the end of the year. Such volatility will impact the overall value of our business and could cause volatility in the price of our stock.
The trading volume of Bitcoin typically increases during periods of extreme volatility. For example, in the days following the U.S. federal elections in November 2024, the price of Bitcoin rose sharply from $69,289.27 on November 2, 2024, to $87,250.43 on November 14, 2024, and volumes increased from $18,184,612,091 to $87,616,705,248 during
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that time period according to aggregate data from US exchange markets collected by CoinMarketCap. Such volume increases can lead to extreme pressures on trading platforms and infrastructure that can lead to inadvertent suspension of services across parts of the platforms or the entire platforms, and we may experience outages. Outages can lead to increased service expense, can cause reputational damage, result in inquiries and actions by regulators, and can lead to other damages for which we may be responsible, any of which could harm our business.
The emergence or growth of other digital assets, including those with significant private or public sector backing, including by governments, consortiums or financial institutions, could have a negative impact on the price of Bitcoin and adversely affect Pubco’s business.
As a result of our Bitcoin acquisition strategy, a substantial part of our assets will be concentrated in our Bitcoin holdings. Accordingly, the emergence or growth of digital assets other than Bitcoin may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. As of December 31, 2024, Bitcoin was the largest digital asset by market capitalization. However, there are numerous alternative digital assets and many entities, including consortiums and financial institutions, are researching and investing resources into private or permissioned blockchain platforms or digital assets that do not use proof-of-work mining like the Bitcoin network. For example, in late 2022, the Ethereum network transitioned to a “proof-of-stake” mechanism for validating transactions that requires significantly less computing power than proof-of-work mining. The Ethereum network has completed another major upgrade since then and may undertake additional upgrades in the future. If the mechanisms for validating transactions in Ethereum and other alternative digital assets are perceived as superior to proof-of-work mining, those digital assets could gain market share relative to Bitcoin.
Additionally, central banks in some countries have started to introduce digital forms of legal tender. For example, China’s central bank digital currency project was made available to consumers in January 2022, and governments including the United States, the European Union, and Israel have been discussing the potential creation of new central bank digital currencies. Whether or not they incorporate blockchain or similar technology, central bank digital currencies, as legal tender in the issuing jurisdiction, could also compete with, or replace, Bitcoin and other digital assets as a medium of exchange or store of value. As a result, the emergence or growth of these or other digital assets could cause the market price of Bitcoin to decrease, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects, financial condition and operating results.
Pubco will be highly dependent on the services of Jack Mallers, who will be our Chief Executive Officer and President.
Pubco will be highly dependent on the services of Jack Mallers, who will be our Chief Executive Officer and President. Although Jack Mallers will spend a substantial portion of his business time and attention on Pubco and expects to be highly active in our management, he does not devote his full time and attention to Pubco. Jack Mallers will continue to remain Chief Executive Officer of Zap Solutions Holding, Inc. and its direct or indirect subsidiaries (doing business as Strike). As a result, he may devote less time to us than if he was not engaged in other business activities; he owes fiduciary duties to our shareholders, and may owe fiduciary duties to shareholders of other companies with which he may be affiliated. Further, there may be potential competition between the products Pubco may offer in the future and products that Strike currently offers, or may offer in the future. We do not have “key person” life insurance policies. Jack Mallers is not bound by an employment agreement for any specific term and, if were unable to retain him, we may not be able to successfully attract and retain a qualified replacement. If we are not successful in managing these risks, our business, financial condition and operating results may be harmed.
Pubco will rely on Tether, which will have a controlling interest in Pubco, for certain administrative and operational services.
Pubco will rely on Tether to provide certain services including information technology services, such as the development and maintenance of IT systems and cybersecurity; legal services related to regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and intellectual property; health, safety, and environmental services; management and commercialization of intellectual property; treasury and risk management, including Bitcoin trading; human resources services like payroll and benefits administration; and investor relations services, pursuant to the terms of the Services Agreement at a cost of $30,000 per calendar quarter, which will be entered into in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. Tether may have interests that are not aligned with our interests or the interests of our other shareholders and which could affect Tether’s performance of services to Pubco.
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In the event of a default under or termination of the Services Agreement, we may be unable to contract with substitute service providers on similar terms, in a timely fashion, or at all, and the costs of substituting service providers may be substantial. In addition, a substitute service provider may not be able to provide the same level of services due to a lack of pre-existing knowledge or synergies. Any termination of our relationship with Tether, or decrease in provision of services by Tether, and any delay in appointing or finding a suitable replacement provider, if one exists, could adversely and negatively impact our business.
Stablecoins compete with Bitcoin in certain ways. Tether, our controlling shareholder, currently operates the largest stablecoin by market capitalization. There can be no assurance we will not experience competition from Tether.
Other alternative digital assets that compete with Bitcoin in certain ways include “stablecoins,” which are designed to maintain a constant price because of, for instance, their issuers’ promise to hold high-quality liquid assets (such as U.S. dollar deposits and short-term U.S. treasury securities) equal to the total value of stablecoins in circulation. Stablecoins have grown rapidly as an alternative to Bitcoin and other digital assets as a medium of exchange and store of value, particularly on digital asset trading platforms. Stablecoin is generally seen as more suitable for digital financing, specifically for transaction payments and business settlements, which accounts for its growing market share among digital currencies, and there have been significant developments in the U.S. stablecoin regulatory environment that may result in an increase in competition. Additionally, Tether, our controlling shareholder, operates the largest stablecoin by market capitalization. There can be no assurance we will not experience competition from Tether, including on any future Bitcoin-related financial or advisory services we may offer that may compete with any future products or services Tether may offer.
Pubco’s Bitcoin holdings will be less liquid than its cash and cash equivalents and may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for Pubco.
A substantial part of Pubco’s assets will be Bitcoin. Pursuant to the Indenture for the Convertible Notes to be issued at Closing, a number of Bitcoin equal to the aggregate principal amount of all Convertible Notes issued at Closing multiplied by 3, and then divided by the BRRNY as averaged over the ten consecutive days immediately prior to the Closing, will be held as collateral to the Convertible Notes. The Bitcoin that will serve as collateral to the Convertible Notes will not be able to be used as a source of liquidity for Pubco.
Further, historically, the Bitcoin markets have been characterized by significant volatility in price, limited liquidity and trading volumes compared to sovereign currencies markets, relative anonymity, a developing regulatory landscape, potential susceptibility to market abuse and manipulation, compliance and internal control failures at exchanges and various other risks inherent in its entirely electronic, virtual form and decentralized network. During times of market instability, we may not be able to sell our Bitcoin at favorable prices or at all. For example, a number of Bitcoin trading venues temporarily halted deposits and withdrawals in 2022, although the Coinbase, Inc. exchange has, to date, not done so. As a result, our Bitcoin holdings may not be able to serve as a source of liquidity for us to the same extent as cash and cash equivalents. Further, Bitcoin held by custodians, including our custodians, does not enjoy the same protections as are available to cash or securities deposited with or transacted by institutions subject to regulation by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or the Securities Investor Protection Corporation. Additionally, we may be unable to enter into term loans, bonds or other capital raising transactions collateralized by our unencumbered Bitcoin or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings, including in particular during times of market instability or when the price of Bitcoin has declined significantly. If we are unable to sell our Bitcoin, enter into additional capital raising transactions using unencumbered Bitcoin as collateral, or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings, or if we are forced to sell our Bitcoin at a significant loss, in order to meet our debt obligations, or our working capital requirements, our business and financial condition could be negatively impacted.
Pubco will face risks relating to the custody of its Bitcoin, including the loss or destruction of private keys required to access our Bitcoin and cyberattacks or other data loss relating to our Bitcoin. If Pubco or its third-party service providers, including Anchorage, experience a security breach or cyberattack and unauthorized parties obtain access to Pubco’s Bitcoin, or if Pubco’s private keys are lost or destroyed, or other similar circumstances or events occur, including the ability to reverse engineer private keys, Pubco may lose some or all of its Bitcoin and Pubco’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
We will hold our Bitcoin with a regulated custodian that has duties to safeguard our private keys. Generally, custodial services contracts do not restrict the ability to reallocate Bitcoin among custodians. However, all of the Bitcoin that we will own will initially be held in custody accounts at Anchorage, a digital asset custodian servicing institution. In light
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of the significant amount of Bitcoin we will hold, we may seek to engage additional custodians to achieve a greater degree of diversification in the custody of our Bitcoin as the extent of potential risk of loss is dependent, in part, on the degree of diversification. If there is a decrease in the availability of digital asset custodians that we believe can safely custody our Bitcoin, for example, due to regulatory developments or enforcement actions that cause custodians to discontinue or limit their services in the United States, we may need to enter into agreements that are less favorable or take other measures to custody our Bitcoin, and our ability to seek a greater degree of diversification in the use of custodial services could be materially adversely affected.
Anchorage, through its parent company, maintains a commercial crime insurance policy, which is intended to cover the loss of client assets held in cold storage, including from employee collusion or fraud, physical loss including theft, damage of key material, security breach or hack, and fraudulent transfer, subject to its terms and conditions. The insurance maintained by Anchorage is shared among all of its customers, is not specific to Pubco, and may not be available or sufficient to protect Pubco from any or all possible losses or sources of losses.
Insurance to cover losses of our future Bitcoin holdings will likely only cover a small fraction of the value of the entirety of the Bitcoin holdings, and there can be no guarantee that such insurance may be obtained or maintained as part of the custodial services we will have or that such coverage will cover losses with respect to our Bitcoin. Moreover, our use of custodians exposes us to the risk that the Bitcoin our custodians will hold on our behalf could be subject to insolvency proceedings and we could be treated as a general unsecured creditor of the custodian, inhibiting our ability to exercise ownership rights with respect to such Bitcoin. Any loss associated with such insolvency proceedings is unlikely to be covered by any insurance coverage we will maintain related to our Bitcoin.
Bitcoin is controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public key and private key(s) relating to the local or online digital wallet in which the Bitcoin is held. While the Bitcoin blockchain ledger requires a public key relating to a digital wallet to be published when used in a transaction, private keys must be safeguarded and kept private in order to prevent a third party from accessing the Bitcoin held in such wallet. To the extent the private key(s) for a digital wallet are lost, destroyed, or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key(s) is accessible, neither we nor our custodians will be able to access the Bitcoin held in the related digital wallet. Furthermore, we cannot provide assurance that our digital wallets, nor the digital wallets of our custodians held on our behalf, will not be compromised as a result of a cyberattack. The Bitcoin and blockchain ledger, as well as other digital assets and blockchain technologies, have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks or other malicious activities.
Security breaches and cyberattacks are of particular concern with respect to our Bitcoin. Bitcoin and other blockchain-based cryptocurrencies and the entities that provide services to participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, cyberattacks or other malicious activities. For example, in October 2021 it was reported that hackers exploited a flaw in the account recovery process and stole from the accounts of at least 6,000 customers of the Coinbase, Inc. exchange, although the flaw was subsequently fixed and Coinbase, Inc. reimbursed affected customers. Similarly, in November 2022, hackers exploited weaknesses in the security architecture of the FTX Trading Ltd. digital asset exchange and reportedly stole over $400 million in digital assets from customers. In 2024, hackers stole an estimated total of $2.2 billion in digital assets from cryptocurrency platforms. In February 2025, $1.5 billion of digital assets was stolen from a single cryptocurrency exchange, Bybit, operated by Bybit Fintech Limited. A successful security breach or cyberattack could result in:
• a partial or total loss of our Bitcoin in a manner that may not be covered by insurance or the liability provisions of the custody agreements with the custodians who hold our Bitcoin;
• harm to our reputation and brand;
• improper disclosure of data and violations of applicable data privacy and other laws; or
• significant regulatory scrutiny, investigations, fines, penalties and other legal, regulatory, contractual and financial exposure.
Further, any actual or perceived data security breach or cybersecurity attack directed at other companies with digital assets or companies that operate digital asset networks, regardless of whether we are directly impacted, could lead to a general loss of confidence in the broader Bitcoin blockchain ecosystem or in the use of the Bitcoin network to conduct financial transactions, which could negatively impact us.
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Attacks upon systems across a variety of industries, including industries related to Bitcoin, are increasing in frequency, persistence and sophistication, and, in many cases, are being conducted by sophisticated, well-funded and organized groups and individuals, including state actors. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized, improper or illegal access to systems and information (including personal data and digital assets), disable or degrade services, or sabotage systems are constantly evolving, may be difficult to detect quickly, and often are not recognized or detected until after they have been launched against a target. These attacks may occur on our systems or those of our third-party service providers or partners. We may experience breaches of our security measures due to human error, malfeasance, insider threats, system errors or vulnerabilities or other irregularities. In particular, unauthorized parties may attempt, to gain access to our systems and facilities, as well as those of our partners and third-party service providers, through various means, such as hacking, social engineering, phishing and fraud. Threats can come from a variety of sources, including criminal hackers, hacktivists, state-sponsored intrusions, industrial espionage and insiders. In addition, certain types of attacks could harm us even if our systems are left undisturbed. For example, certain threats are designed to remain dormant or undetectable, sometimes for extended periods of time or until launched against a target and we may not be able to implement adequate preventative measures. The risk of cyberattacks could also be increased by cyberwarfare in connection with the ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts, or other future conflicts, including potential proliferation of malware into systems unrelated to such conflicts. Any future breach of our operations or those of others in the Bitcoin industry, including third-party services on which we rely, could materially and adversely affect our business.
Our limited insurance protection exposes us and our shareholders to the risk of loss of our Bitcoin for which no person is liable.
We do not expect to maintain insurance coverage for our Bitcoin holdings, which will be held in custody by our custodians. Therefore, a loss may be suffered with respect to our Bitcoin that is not covered by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages, which could adversely affect our operations and, consequently, an investment in us. Our future custodians may maintain a certain insurance coverage of such types and amounts as they assert to be commercially reasonable for their custodial services provided under our custody agreements with them, including certain commercial crime insurance of limited aggregate principal amount which covers losses stemming from fraud, security breach, hack and asset theft. However, such insurance coverage may be insufficient to protect us against all losses of our Bitcoin holdings held in custody with our custodians, whether or not stemming from security breaches, cyberattacks or other types of unlawful activity. Therefore, a loss may be suffered with respect to our Bitcoin that is not covered by insurance and for which no person is liable in damages, which could adversely affect our operations and, consequently, an investment in us.
The accounting treatment of our Bitcoin holdings are likely to have significant accounting impacts, including volatility of our results. If financial accounting standards undergo significant changes, our operating results could fluctuate.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-08, effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Pubco will be required to adopt ASU 2023-08, which will require us to measure in-scope crypto assets (including our Bitcoin holdings) at fair value in our statement of financial position, and to recognize gains and losses from changes in the fair value of our Bitcoin in net income each reporting period. ASU 2023-08 will also require us to provide certain interim and annual disclosures with respect to our Bitcoin holdings, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of the beginning of the annual reporting period in which we adopt the guidance. Due in particular to the volatility in the price of Bitcoin, we expect the adoption of ASU 2023-08 to have a material impact on our financial results in future periods, including the volatility of our financial results, and affect the carrying value of our Bitcoin on our balance sheet, and it could also have adverse tax consequences, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our financial results and the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Additionally, on March 31, 2022, the staff of the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 121 (“SAB 121”), which represented a significant change regarding how a company safeguarding crypto assets held for its platform users reports such crypto assets on its balance sheet and required retrospective application as of January 1, 2022. In January 2025, the staff of the SEC issued SAB No. 122 (“SAB 122”), which rescinds the previously-issued interpretive guidance included within SAB 121.
The broader digital assets industry, including the technology associated with digital assets, the rate of adoption and development of and use cases for, digital assets, market perception of digital assets and the legal, regulatory, and accounting treatment of digital assets are constantly developing and changing, and there may be additional risks in the
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future that are not possible to predict. Uncertainties in or changes to regulatory or financial accounting standards could result in the need to change our accounting methods and may retroactively affect previously reported results and impair our ability to provide timely and accurate financial information, which could adversely affect our financial statements, result in a loss of investor confidence, and our business, operating results and financial condition.
Bitcoin and other digital assets are novel assets, which will expose Pubco to significant legal, commercial, regulatory and technical uncertainty, which could materially adversely affect Pubco’s financial position, operations and prospects.
Bitcoin and other forms of digital assets are relatively novel and have been the source of much regulatory uncertainty, resulting in differing definitional outcomes without a single unifying statement, which subjects them to significant uncertainty that could adversely impact their price.
Bitcoin and other digital assets are viewed differently by different regulatory and standards setting organizations globally as well as in the United States on the federal and state levels. Certain governments have prohibited certain digital asset activities or have severely curtailed the use of digital assets by prohibiting the acceptance of payment in Bitcoin and other digital assets for consumer transactions and barring banking institutions from accepting deposits of digital assets. Other nations, however, allow digital assets to be used and traded without restriction. In some jurisdictions, such as in the United States, digital assets are subject to extensive, and in some cases overlapping, unclear and evolving regulatory requirements. There is a risk that relevant authorities in any jurisdiction may impose more onerous regulation on Bitcoin, for example banning its use, regulating its operation, or otherwise changing its regulatory treatment. The application of state and federal securities laws and other laws and regulations to digital assets is unclear in certain respects, and it is possible that regulators in the United States or foreign countries may interpret or apply existing laws and regulations in a manner that may introduce a cost of compliance, or have a material impact on our business model, and therefore our financial performance and shareholder returns, and/or adversely affects the price of Bitcoin. The U.S. federal government, states, regulatory agencies and foreign countries have recently enacted and may also enact additional new laws and regulations, or pursue regulatory, legislative, enforcement or judicial actions, that could materially impact the price of Bitcoin, the ability of individuals or institutions such as us to own or transfer Bitcoin, and/or the competitive landscape for our products and services. For example:
• On January 23, 2025, President Trump signed an Executive Order to promote the growth and use of digital assets, blockchain technology and related technologies across all sectors of the economy. Among other things, the Executive Order established a working group comprised of representatives from key federal agencies, tasked with developing a federal regulatory framework for digital assets and evaluating measures that can be taken to provide regulatory clarity and certainty built on technology-neutral regulations for individuals and firms involved in digital assets, including through well-defined jurisdictional regulatory boundaries. On July 30, 2025, the working group published a report on strengthening American leadership in digital financial technology, which recommended several regulatory and legislative proposals to advance President Trump’s January 2025 Executive Order. The Executive Order also instructed the U.S. Department of Treasury, the SEC, and other relevant agencies to identify regulations, guidance, documents, orders and other items affecting the digital asset sector and submit recommendations for what should be rescinded, modified or, to the extent applicable, adopted into regulations. Additionally, it revoked President Biden’s prior Executive Order from March 9, 2022, relating to cryptocurrencies, and all policies, directives and guidance issued pursuant to that Executive Order, including the Department of the Treasury’s framework for international engagement on digital assets issued on July 7, 2022 and the White House framework for digital asset development released on September 16, 2022. The establishment of a new working group within the National Economic Council to propose a federal regulatory framework for digital assets could lead to significant changes in market structure, oversight, consumer protection and risk management. The evolving regulatory environment may pose challenges to our operations, particularly if new regulations introduce additional compliance costs or restrict certain activities.
• There have also been several bills introduced in Congress that propose to establish additional regulation and oversight of the digital asset markets, including certain legislation to establish a federal supervisory framework for payment stablecoins. With respect to stablecoins, on July 17, 2025, the U.S. Congress passed the Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act (“GENIUS Act”), which was signed into law by President Donald Trump on July 18, 2025. The GENIUS Act introduces the first federal regulatory framework for payment stablecoins, addressing consumer protection, financial stability, national security and anti-money laundering compliance, and establishes prudential requirements for the
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issuance, reserve backing and supervision of U.S.-dollar-pegged stablecoins. However, it is not yet in effect and certain provisions depend on final implementing regulations, which are to be issued by the primary federal stablecoin regulators. As a result, we may be subject to certain regulatory requirements and restrictions. This may implicate new costs for us and our management may have to devote increased time and attention to regulatory matters or change aspects of our business. Additionally, the regulatory treatment of fiat-backed stablecoins across other jurisdictions remains uncertain.
• Increased regulation may also result in limitations on the use cases of Bitcoin. In addition, regulatory developments may require us to comply with certain existing and new regulatory regimes, such as if any of our activities cause us to be deemed a “money service business” under the regulations promulgated by the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the United States under the authority of the U.S. Bank Secrecy Act, including those that would require us to implement certain anti-money laundering programs, submit certain reports to Financial Crimes Enforcement Network of the United States and maintain certain records.
• In addition to the stablecoin legislation, the U.S. Congress has continued to take steps towards enacting legislation regarding the digital assets market structure. For instance, on July 17, 2025, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act (“CLARITY Act”), which — if ultimately enacted — would allocate jurisdiction between the SEC and CFTC with respect to digital assets and create a market-structure framework for digital commodities; the bill also seeks to resolve regulatory ambiguity regarding the meaning of “security” and “commodity” and is now awaiting Senate action. The U.S. federal banking agencies have revoked prior guidance that restricted the ability of financial institutions to engage in digital asset related activities. On March 7, 2025, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) issued a letter rescinding its previous guidance that required national banks and federal savings associations to receive prior written non-objection before engaging in crypto-asset-related activities, and reaffirmed these institutions are permitted to provide crypto-asset custody, hold stablecoin reserves and use distributed ledger and stablecoins to engage in payment activities. On March 28, 2025, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) issued a letter rescinding a previous letter from 2022 that required prior notification from FDIC-supervised institutions that wanted to engage in crypto-related activities, and confirmed that such institutions may engage in certain permissible digital assets-related activities, if they adequately manage the associated risks (including market and liquidity, operational and cybersecurity and anti-money laundering risks). On April 24, 2025, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States (“Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve”) announced that it had withdrawn previous guidance that required state member banks to provide advance notification and, in certain cases, obtain nonobjections to engage in certain crypto-asset and dollar-token activities. In July 2025, the OCC, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve, and the FDIC issued a statement for banking organizations regarding the safekeeping of digital assets, which focused on how existing laws, regulations and risk management principles apply to such activities, and signaled additional progress in the increasing regulatory clarity for digital assets by key financial regulators in the United States. As a result of these regulatory changes, competition on the offering of certain of our products and services may increase, potentially impacting our revenue, as well as the market price of Bitcoin and in turn may adversely affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock. On May 7, 2025, the OCC issued a letter confirming that national banks and federal savings associations may provide and outsource cryptocurrency custody and execution services on behalf of customers. See also “Pubco will operate in a highly competitive environment and will compete against companies and other entities with similar strategies, including companies with significant Bitcoin holdings and ETFs and ETPs for Bitcoin and other digital assets, and Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition may be adversely affected if Pubco is unable to compete effectively.”
• The U.S. federal banking agencies have enhanced the supervision of novel activities conducted by banking organizations, especially following the failures of Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and Silvergate Bank in March 2023, which were entities perceived as integral to the digital asset ecosystem, causing a number of digital asset industry participants to struggle in finding banks willing to work with them. Reports have also suggested that U.S. regulatory agencies, including the Department of the Treasury, may have advised financial institutions to approach crypto-related clients with caution. While some policymakers and industry participants have argued that this activity constituted a coordinated effort to limit banking access to crypto companies, regulators have not publicly confirmed such an initiative. Congressional hearings continue to explore the extent to which government influence may have contributed to banking challenges for crypto businesses. While recent regulatory developments suggest a more measured approach to crypto-related banking services,
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as discussed above, and shifts on risk management practices signaling that debanking of digital asset industry participants without individualized risk assessments would not be supported, there is no guarantee that similar measures will not be reintroduced in the future. If banking restrictions tighten due to a shift in U.S. regulatory priorities, the digital asset ecosystem could face challenges in securing banking relationships, which could impact digital asset liquidity, market stability, operational security and institutional adoption, all of which could negatively affect the digital assets market and therefore the value of digital assets.
• On September 8, 2022, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy issued a report in coordination with other federal agencies relating to the climate and energy implications of digital assets, including Bitcoin, in the United States. Among its finding are that digital assets are energy intensive and drive significant environmental impacts, and the report recommends further study of the environmental impact of digital assets and the development of environmental performance regulations for digital asset miners, which may include limiting or eliminating digital assets that use high energy intensity consensus mechanisms, including the proof-of-work consensus mechanisms on which the Bitcoin blockchain is based. In addition to the United States, other governments or governmental bodies globally have introduced or are contemplating environmental and energy legislative and regulatory changes in response to the increasing focus on power consumption required to operate large-scale data centers. A changing legislative environment could create economic and regulatory uncertainty for our business because the industries in which we operate, with their high energy demand, could become targets for future environmental and energy regulations.
• On April 14, 2023, the SEC re-opened the comment period for its proposal to amend the definition of “exchange” under Exchange Act Rule 3b-16 to encompass trading and communication protocol systems for digital asset securities and trading systems that use distributed ledger or blockchain technology, including both so-called “centralized” and “decentralized” trading systems. On June 12, 2025 the SEC issued a notice to withdraw this proposal. If the SEC seeks to adopt a similar proposal in the future, the new definition would have a sweeping impact on digital asset trading venues and other digital asset industry participants.
• On January 21, 2025, the SEC announced that then-Acting SEC Chairman Mark Uyeda “launched a crypto task force dedicated to developing a comprehensive and clear regulatory framework for crypto assets.” The task force is focused on helping the SEC “draw clear regulatory lines, provide realistic paths to registration, craft sensible disclosure frameworks and deploy enforcement resources judiciously.” While the SEC has formed the crypto task force to provide clarity on the application of the federal securities laws to the crypto asset market and to recommend practical policy measures that aim to foster innovation and protect investors, the task force has only recently begun. Additionally, on April 4, 2025, the SEC issued a statement concluding that “covered stablecoins” do not involve the offer or sale of securities within the meaning of the Securities Act or Exchange Act. While it provided a definition of what is a “covered stablecoin,” it is still unclear how this determination would affect non-covered stablecoins, and how it would interact with other proposed bills and regulations proposed by other agencies.
• On April 8, 2025, CFTC Acting Chairman Caroline Pham directed CFTC Staff, pursuant to Executive Order 14219, to deprioritize actions involving violations of registration requirements under the Commodity Exchange Act unless there is evidence that the non-registrant knew of the registration requirement and violated it willfully. The CFTC’s deprioritization of such enforcement actions, including against unregistered intermediaries who offer derivatives trading on crypto-assets, could add risk to the digital asset ecosystem.
• The European Union’s Markets in Crypto Assets Regulation (“MiCA”), a comprehensive digital asset regulatory framework for the issuance and provision of services in relation to digital assets, like Bitcoin, became effective in June 2023, with various requirements phasing into effect through 2024. MiCA regulates the authorization requirement for and supervision of crypto-asset service providers, as well as crypto-asset issuers, offerors and persons seeking admission to trading of crypto-assets in the European Union. In addition, MiCA also requires the European Commission (i) to provide a report on the environmental impact of crypto-assets and (ii) based upon such report, introduce measures that might be warranted to mitigate the adverse impacts on the environment of technologies employed in markets in crypto-assets like the consensus mechanisms such as mandatory minimum sustainability standards for consensus mechanisms, including the proof-of-work consensus mechanisms on which the Bitcoin blockchain is based.
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• In November 2023, the SEC filed a complaint against Payward Inc. and Payward Ventures Inc., together known as Kraken, alleging, among other claims, that Kraken’s crypto trading platform was operating as an unregistered securities exchange, broker, dealer and clearing agency, which the SEC agreed to dismiss on March 3, 2025. Additionally, individual states have the ability to file similar lawsuits on the grounds of violations of state securities laws. For example, the Oregon state attorney general filed a lawsuit against Coinbase, Inc. in April 2025, for alleged violations of Oregon state securities law, and there have been similar claims against other digital asset industry participants at a state level.
• Firms engaging in crypto-asset activities in the UK must currently be registered with the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) under the Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds (Information on the Payer) Regulations 2017 (“MLRs”), and are subject to various requirements and obligations as a result. The marketing of crypto-assets is also restricted and may only be conducted by firms that are authorized by the FCA or registered under the MLRs. The FCA has also introduced rules prohibiting the marketing and sale of derivatives and exchange-traded notes that reference certain types of crypto-assets to retail customers in the UK, although it now plans to remove the ban on the marketing and sale of exchange-traded notes. The UK regulatory framework for crypto-assets continues to evolve rapidly, and firms operating in this space face an increasingly complex and restrictive compliance landscape. The FSMA 2023 established a framework to bring certain crypto-asset activities, including issuance and trading, within the UK’s financial regulatory perimeter. Detailed rules relating to the regime are still under consultation by His Majesty’s Treasury and the FCA. In April 2025, His Majesty’s Treasury published draft legislation to bring a wide range of crypto-asset activities within the scope of the UK’s regulatory perimeter, including operating a crypto-asset trading venue, providing custody services and dealing in crypto-assets. The FCA is also consulting on various elements of its forthcoming crypto-asset regime, including in respect of the issuance of stablecoins, the custody of crypto-assets and prudential requirements for crypto-asset businesses. The final rules are expected to come into force in phases from late 2025 into 2026.
• In June 2023, the SEC filed a complaint against Coinbase, Inc. charging it with operating as an unregistered securities exchange, broker and clearing agency, and for the unregistered offer and sale of securities in connection with its staking-as-a-service program. Recently, in February 2025, the SEC announced the filing of a joint stipulation with Coinbase, Inc and Coinbase Global Inc. to dismiss the civil enforcement action against their crypto platform.
• In November 2023, Binance Holdings Ltd. and its then chief executive officer reached a settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice, the CFTC, the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Asset Control, and the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network to resolve a multi-year investigation by the agencies and a civil suit brought by the CFTC, pursuant to which Binance Holdings Ltd. agreed to, among other things, pay $4.3 billion in penalties across the four agencies and to discontinue its operations in the United States; and
• In China, the People’s Bank of China and the National Development and Reform Commission have outlawed cryptocurrency mining and declared all cryptocurrency transactions illegal within the country. Other jurisdictions, including Egypt, Morocco and the Dominican Republic have also made the use of Bitcoin illegal. If the use of Bitcoin is made illegal in other jurisdictions, particularly where Bitcoin is currently traded in heavy volumes, the available market for Bitcoin may contract. Additionally, if another government with considerable economic power were to ban digital assets or related activities, this could have further impact on the price of Bitcoin. As a result, the markets and opportunities discussed herein may not reflect the markets and opportunities available to us in the future.
While the current administration has expressed support regarding the development and use of digital assets and the U.S. recently enacted the GENIUS Act, the specific regulatory frameworks, including the potential adoption of the CLARITY Act, are still to be developed. The exact timeline and impact of these efforts on our business is uncertain, and there is uncertainty regarding enforcement actions by several U.S. agencies involving digital asset issuers and trading platforms. Additionally, it is not possible to predict whether, or when, any of these developments will lead to Congress granting additional authorities to the SEC or other regulators, or the impact of any such additional authorities, including the authority that Congress has already granted to the banking agencies under the GENIUS Act. It is also not possible to predict how additional legislation, regulation or other form of regulatory or supervisory oversight — such as the implementing regulations under the GENIUS Act or any Senate amendments to the CLARITY Act — might
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impact the ability of digital asset markets to function or the willingness of financial and other institutions to continue to provide services to the digital assets industry, nor how any new regulations or changes to existing regulations might impact the value of digital assets generally and Bitcoin specifically.
We cannot be certain as to how future regulatory developments will impact the treatment of Bitcoin under the law, and ongoing and future regulation and regulatory actions could significantly restrict or eliminate the market for or uses of Bitcoin and materially and adversely impact our business. If we fail to comply with such additional regulatory and registration requirements, we may seek to cease certain of our operations or be subjected to fines, penalties and other governmental action. Such circumstances could have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue as a going concern or to pursue our business model at all, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, prospects or operations. The consequences of increased regulation of digital assets and digital asset activities could adversely affect the market price of Bitcoin and any other digital assets we may hold or expect to hold at such time and in turn adversely affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Moreover, the risks of engaging in a Bitcoin acquisition strategy are relatively novel and have created, and could continue to create, complications due to the lack of experience that third parties have with companies engaging in such a strategy, such as increased costs of director and officer liability insurance or the potential inability to obtain such coverage on acceptable terms in the future.
The novelty of Bitcoin may increase the risk of employee or service provider misconduct or error, which may adversely impact the business of Pubco. Employee or service provider misconduct or error could subject us to legal liability, financial losses and regulatory sanctions and could seriously harm our reputation and negatively affect our business. Such misconduct could include engaging in improper or unauthorized transactions or activities, failing to supervise other employees or service providers, improperly using confidential information, as well as improper trading activity. Employee or service provider errors could expose us to the risk of material losses even if the errors are detected. Moreover, the risk of employee or service provider error or misconduct may be even greater for novel Bitcoin products and services which we may offer in the future. It is not always possible to deter misconduct, and the precautions we take to prevent and detect this activity may not be effective in all cases. If we were found to have not met our regulatory oversight and compliance and other obligations, we could be subject to regulatory sanctions, financial penalties, restrictions on our activities for failure to properly identify, monitor and respond to potentially problematic activity and seriously damage our reputation. Our employees, or any contractors and agents we may contract with, could also commit errors that subject us to financial claims for negligence, as well as regulatory actions, or result in financial liability. Further, allegations by regulatory or criminal authorities of improper trading activities could affect our brand and reputation.
The growth of the digital assets industry in general, and the use and acceptance of Bitcoin in particular, may also impact the price of Bitcoin and is subject to a high degree of uncertainty. The pace of worldwide growth in the adoption and use of Bitcoin may depend, for instance, on public familiarity with digital assets, ease of buying, accessing or gaining exposure to Bitcoin, institutional demand for Bitcoin as an investment asset, the participation of traditional financial institutions in the digital assets industry, consumer demand for Bitcoin as a means of payment and the availability and popularity of alternatives to Bitcoin. Even if growth in Bitcoin adoption occurs in the near or medium-term, there is no assurance that Bitcoin usage will continue to grow over the long-term. In addition, private actors that are wary of Bitcoin or the regulatory concerns associated with Bitcoin have in the past taken, and may in the future take, further actions that may have an adverse effect on our business or the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Because Bitcoin has no physical existence beyond the record of transactions on the Bitcoin blockchain, a variety of technical factors related to the Bitcoin blockchain could also impact the price of Bitcoin. For example, malicious attacks by miners, inadequate mining fees to incentivize validating of Bitcoin transactions, hard “forks” of the Bitcoin blockchain into multiple blockchains, and advances in digital computing, algebraic geometry and quantum computing could undercut the integrity of the Bitcoin blockchain and negatively affect the price of Bitcoin. The liquidity of Bitcoin may also be reduced and damage to the public perception of Bitcoin may occur, if financial institutions were to deny or limit banking services to businesses that hold Bitcoin, provide Bitcoin-related services or accept Bitcoin as payment, which could also decrease the price of Bitcoin. Liquidity of Bitcoin may also be impacted to the extent that changes in applicable laws and regulatory requirements negatively impact the ability of exchanges and trading venues to provide services for Bitcoin and other digital assets.
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The regulatory environment for digital assets in the United States and globally remains highly uncertain and is evolving rapidly. U.S. policymakers are only beginning to define a comprehensive regulatory framework for digital assets. As a result, Pubco may face challenges in adapting to proposed or newly enacted laws and regulations, which could materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and operations.
As crypto assets have grown in both popularity and market size, various U.S. federal, state and local and foreign governmental organizations, as well as consumer agencies and public advocacy groups, have increasingly scrutinized the operations of crypto networks, users and platforms, with a focus on how crypto assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illegal activities and fund criminal or terrorist enterprises. In addition, the safety and soundness of platforms and other service providers that hold crypto assets for users have drawn regulatory and public attention. These concerns have led to calls for heightened regulatory oversight, and new laws and regulations.
Unlike traditional financial institutions, which have cultivated long-standing relationships with policymakers and regulators, participants in the cryptoeconomy are relatively new to the U.S. legislative and regulatory landscape. While engagement with policymakers and regulators has begun, it is still at a relatively nascent stage and may be insufficient to influence future legislation and regulation. As a result, new laws and regulations may be proposed and adopted in the United States and internationally, or existing laws and regulations may be interpreted in new ways, that adversely affect the cryptoeconomy or crypto asset platforms. Consequently, Pubco may be disproportionately impacted by such developments, potentially restricting its ability to operate or innovate. Additionally, any future political activities to further our mission may be perceived unfavorably by investors and the public and have an adverse impact on our brand and reputation.
Several spot Bitcoin ETPs have received approval from the SEC to list their shares on a U.S. national securities exchange with continuous share creation and redemption at net asset value. Even though we are not, and do not function in the manner of, a spot Bitcoin ETP, it is possible that we nevertheless could face regulatory scrutiny from the SEC or other federal or state agencies due to our Bitcoin holdings.
As also noted above, there has been increasing focus on the extent to which digital assets can be used to launder the proceeds of illicit activities, fund criminal or terrorist activities, or circumvent sanctions regimes, including those sanctions imposed in response to ongoing war between Russia and Ukraine. If we are found to have purchased any of our Bitcoin from bad actors that have used Bitcoin to launder money or persons subject to sanctions, we may be subject to regulatory proceedings and any further transactions or dealings in Bitcoin by us may be restricted or prohibited.
Additional laws, guidance and policies may be issued by domestic and foreign regulators following the bankruptcy of FTX Trading Ltd., one of the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges, in November 2022, which has been widely cited as a catalyst for increased regulatory and enforcement focus on the digital assets industry and certain market participants and practices. Increased enforcement activity and changes in the regulatory environment, including changing interpretations and the implementation of new or varying regulatory requirements by the government or any new legislation affecting Bitcoin, as well as enforcement actions involving or impacting our trading venues, counterparties and custodians, may impose significant compliance and other costs on Pubco, significantly limit our ability to hold and transact in Bitcoin or materially reduce the value of Pubco’s Bitcoin holdings.
Bitcoin’s status as a product that may be offered and sold as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction, as well as the status of Bitcoin-related products, and services in general, is subject to uncertainty, and if Pubco is unable to properly characterize such product or service offering, Pubco may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, inquiries, investigations, fines and other penalties, which may adversely affect Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition.
The SEC and its staff have taken the position that a range of crypto assets, products and services fall within the definition of an investment contract that is offered or sold as a “security” under the U.S. federal securities laws. The legal test for determining whether any given crypto asset, product or service that is offered and sold is an investment contract was set forth in the 1946 U.S. Supreme Court case SEC v. W.J. Howey Co. and requires a highly complex, fact-driven analysis. Accordingly, whether any given crypto asset, product or service that would be ultimately deemed to be offered and sold as a security is uncertain and difficult to predict notwithstanding the conclusions of the SEC or any conclusions we may draw based on our risk-based assessment regarding the likelihood that a particular crypto asset, product or service could be deemed to be offered or sold as a “security” or “securities offering” under applicable laws.
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Public statements made by previous senior officials at the SEC indicate that the SEC does not intend to take the position that Bitcoin (as currently offered and sold) is a “security” under the U.S. federal securities laws. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, Bitcoin is a crypto asset which senior officials at the SEC have publicly stated is unlikely to be considered a “security.” However, such statements are not official policy statements by the SEC and reflect only the speakers’ views, which are not binding on the SEC or any other agency or court and cannot be generalized to any other crypto asset. In addition, the SEC and courts have taken the position that a crypto asset that is not itself a security can be offered and sold in securities transactions, which carry many of the same regulatory risks and consequences summarized above. For example, the SEC has taken the position that yield, lending products, services or protocols can constitute the offer and sale of security even if the underlying crypto asset is not a security.
Any enforcement action by the SEC or any international or state securities regulator asserting that Bitcoin should be offered and sold as a “security” or a court decision to that effect, or any international or state securities regulator asserting that Bitcoin itself is a “security”, would be expected to have an immediate material adverse impact on the trading value of Bitcoin, as well as our business.
Several foreign jurisdictions have taken a broad-based approach to classifying crypto assets, products and services that are being offered or sold as “securities,” while other foreign jurisdictions have adopted a narrower approach. As a result, certain crypto assets, products or services, including those relating to Bitcoin, may be deemed to be offered and sold as a “security” under the laws of some jurisdictions but not others. Various foreign jurisdictions may, in the future, adopt additional laws, regulations or directives that affect the characterization of crypto assets, products or services that are offered or sold as “securities.”
The classification of a crypto asset, product or service that is offered and sold as a security under applicable law has wide-ranging implications for the regulatory obligations that flow from the offer, sale, trading and clearing, as applicable, of such assets, products or services. For example, a crypto asset, product or service that is offered and sold as a security in the United States may generally only be offered or sold in the United States pursuant to a registration statement filed with the SEC or in an offering that qualifies for an exemption from registration. Persons that effect transactions in crypto assets, products or services that are offered or sold as securities in the United States may be subject to registration with the SEC as a “broker” or “dealer.” Platforms that bring together purchasers and sellers to trade crypto assets that are offered or sold as securities in the United States are generally subject to registration as national securities exchanges, or must qualify for an exemption, such as by being operated by a registered broker-dealer as an alternative trading system (“ATS”) in compliance with rules for ATSs. Persons facilitating clearing and settlement of securities may be subject to registration with the SEC as a clearing agency. Foreign jurisdictions may have similar licensing, registration and qualification requirements.
In its initial business activities, which will constitute (i) actively accumulating Bitcoin and managing its Bitcoin holdings and (ii) commencing development of educational materials and branded content intended to drive increased institutional and retail investor Bitcoin literacy, Pubco does not plan to offer or sell Bitcoin as “investment contracts” or otherwise as a “security”. Pubco is not registered or licensed with the SEC or foreign authorities as a broker-dealer, national securities exchange or ATS (or foreign equivalents), and we believe that Bitcoin in itself or as a result of the manner in which we intend to purchase or sell Bitcoin in our initial business activities, is not a security (including based on prior statements by a number of SEC senior officials). However, statements, settlements and enforcement actions are not rules or regulations of the SEC and are not binding on the SEC. Regardless of public statements made by senior officials at the SEC and our conclusions, we could in the future be subject to legal or regulatory action in the event the SEC or a state or a foreign regulatory authority were to assert, or a court were to determine, that either Bitcoin itself or a product or service that we may offer or sell in the future related to Bitcoin, such as lending, rewards or savings products, could be viewed a “security” under applicable laws. There can be no assurance that we will properly characterize over time any given Bitcoin product or service that is offered and sold as a security or non-security, or that the SEC, foreign regulatory authority or a court having final determinative authority on the topic, if the question was presented to it, would agree with our assessment. We expect our risk assessment policies and procedures to continuously evolve to take into account case law, legislative developments, facts and developments in technology.
If an applicable regulatory authority or a court, in either case having final determinative authority on the topic, were to determine that a product or service that is offered or sold by us in the future is a security, we would not be able to offer such product or service until we are able to do so in a legally compliant manner. A determination by the SEC, a state or foreign regulatory authority, or a court that a product or service that is offered or sold constitutes a security may result in us ceasing to offer that product or service, and may also result in us determining that it is advisable to cease offering
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products and services entirely, that have similar characteristics to the product or service that was alleged or determined to be a security. Alternatively, we may determine to continue to offer certain future products or services even if the SEC or another regulator alleges that the product or service is offered or sold as a security, pending a final judicial determination as to that product or service’s proper characterization, and the fact that we waited for a final judicial determination would generally not preclude penalties or sanctions against us for our having previously made that product or service available without registering that product or service with the SEC. As such, we could be subject to judicial or administrative sanctions for failing to offer or sell the product or service in compliance with the registration requirements, or for acting as a broker, dealer or national securities exchange without appropriate registration. Such an action could result in injunctions, cease and desist orders, as well as civil monetary penalties, fines and disgorgement, criminal liability, and reputational harm. Additionally, the SEC has brought and may in the future bring enforcement actions against other cryptoeconomy participants and their product offerings and services that may cause us to modify or discontinue a product offering or service. If we were to modify or discontinue any future product offering or service for any reason, our decision may be unpopular with users, may reduce our ability to attract and retain customers (especially if similar products or services continue to be offered by our competitors), and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.
Regulatory changes classifying Bitcoin as a “security” could lead to Pubco’s classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act and could adversely affect the market price of Bitcoin and the market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
While senior SEC officials have stated their view that Bitcoin is not a “security” for purposes of the U.S. federal securities laws, a contrary determination by the SEC could lead to our classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act, which would subject us to significant additional regulatory controls that could have a material adverse effect on our business and operations and may also require us to substantially change the manner in which we conduct our business.
In addition, if Bitcoin is determined to constitute a security for purposes of the federal securities laws, the additional regulatory restrictions imposed by such a determination could adversely affect the market price of Bitcoin and in turn adversely affect the market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock. For additional information on the additional requirements we would be required to meet if we were determined to be an investment company, see “If CEP is deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, CEP may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and its activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for CEP to complete the Business Combination.”
Pubco will not be subject to the same legal and regulatory obligations, including certain compliance and reporting obligations intended to protect investors, that apply to investment companies such as mutual funds and ETFs, or to obligations applicable to investment advisers.
Mutual funds, ETFs and their directors and management are subject to extensive regulation as “investment companies” and “investment advisers” under U.S. federal and state law; this regulation is intended for the benefit and protection of investors.
We believe we are currently not subject to, and subsequent to the Business Combination, will not be subject to, and do not otherwise voluntarily comply with, these laws and regulations. Consequently, shareholders of Pubco do not have the regulatory protections provided to shareholders in registered and regulated investment companies, which, for example, require investment companies to have a certain percentage of disinterested directors and regulate the relationship between the investment company and certain of its affiliates. Further, Pubco may hold or trade in commodity futures contracts in order to hedge its Bitcoin holdings. A futures contract, which is a type of derivative, is subject to the risk of loss caused by unanticipated market movements, which are potentially unlimited. In addition, there may at times be an imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of futures contracts and the value of their underlying instruments or indexes, and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for certain futures contracts leading to the possible inability to sell or close out a futures contract at the desired time or price. Commodity futures are regulated by the Commodity Exchange Act, as administered by the CFTC. We do not believe that we are a commodity pool for purposes of the Commodity Exchange Act. Consequently, shareholders will not have the regulatory protections provided to shareholders in Commodity Exchange Act-regulated instruments or commodity pools.
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This means, among other things, that the execution of or changes to our Bitcoin acquisition and management strategy, our use of leverage, the manner in which our Bitcoin is custodied, our ability to engage in transactions with affiliated parties and our operating and investment activities generally are not subject to the extensive legal and regulatory requirements and prohibitions that apply to investment companies and investment advisers. For example, although a significant change to our Bitcoin acquisition strategy would require the approval of the Pubco Board, no shareholder or regulatory approval would be necessary. Consequently, the Pubco Board has broad discretion over the investment, leverage and cash management policies it authorizes, whether in respect of our Bitcoin holdings or other activities we may pursue, and has the power to change our current policies, including our strategy of acquiring and holding Bitcoin.
Due to the unregulated nature and lack of transparency surrounding the operations of many Bitcoin trading venues, Bitcoin trading venues may experience greater fraud, security failures or regulatory or operational problems than trading venues for more established asset classes, which may result in a loss of confidence in Bitcoin trading venues and adversely affect the value of Pubco’s Bitcoin holdings.
Bitcoin trading venues are relatively new and, in many cases, unregulated. Furthermore, there are many Bitcoin trading venues which do not provide the public with significant information regarding their ownership structure, management teams, corporate practices and regulatory compliance. As a result, the marketplace may lose confidence in Bitcoin trading venues, including prominent exchanges that handle a significant volume of Bitcoin trading and/or are subject to regulatory oversight, in the event one or more Bitcoin trading venues cease or pause for a prolonged period the trading of Bitcoin or other digital assets, or experience fraud, significant volumes of withdrawal, security failures or operational problems.
In 2022 there were reports claiming that more than half of Bitcoin trading volume on trading venues was false or non-economic in nature, with specific focus on unregulated exchanges located outside of the United States. The SEC has also brought actions against individuals and digital asset market participants alleging such persons artificially increased trading volumes in certain digital assets through wash trades, or repeated buying and selling of the same assets in fictitious transactions to manipulate their underlying trading price. Such reports and allegations may indicate that the Bitcoin market is significantly smaller than expected and that the United States makes up a significantly larger percentage of the Bitcoin market than is commonly understood. Any actual or perceived false trading in the Bitcoin market, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value of our Bitcoin. Negative perception, a lack of stability in the broader Bitcoin markets and the closure, temporary shutdown or operational disruption of Bitcoin trading venues, lending institutions, institutional investors, institutional miners, custodians or other major participants in the Bitcoin ecosystem, due to fraud, business failure, cybersecurity events, government-mandated regulation, bankruptcy, or for any other reason, may result in a decline in confidence in Bitcoin and the broader Bitcoin ecosystem and greater volatility in the price of Bitcoin. For example, in 2022, each of Celsius Network, Voyager Digital, Three Arrows Capital, FTX Trading Ltd., and BlockFi filed for bankruptcy, following which the market prices of Bitcoin and other digital assets significantly declined. The SEC also alleged as part of its June 5, 2023, complaint that Binance Holdings Ltd. committed strategic and targeted “wash trading” through its affiliates to artificially inflate the volume of certain digital assets traded on its exchange. In addition, in June 2023, the SEC announced enforcement actions against Coinbase, Inc., and Binance Holdings Ltd., two providers of large trading venues for digital assets, which similarly was followed by a decrease in the market price of Bitcoin and other digital assets. These were followed in November 2023, by an SEC enforcement action against Payward Inc. and Payward Ventures Inc., together known as Kraken, another large trading venue for digital assets. While the current U.S. administration has dismissed these enforcement actions, it is uncertain when or whether new enforcement actions may be brought. The price of Pubco Class A Stock may be affected by the value of our Bitcoin holdings and the failure of a major participant in the Bitcoin ecosystem could have a material adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Stock.
Pubco’s compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect Pubco’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.
Our ability to comply with applicable complex and evolving laws, regulations and rules is largely dependent on the establishment, maintenance and scaling of our compliance, internal audit and reporting systems, as well as our ability to attract and retain qualified compliance and other risk management personnel. We cannot assure you that our policies and procedures will always be effective or that we have been and will always be successful in monitoring or evaluating the risks to which we are or may be exposed in all market environments or against all types of risks, including unidentified or unanticipated risks. Our risk management policies and procedures are expected to rely on a combination of technical and human controls and supervision that are subject to error and failure. Some of our methods for managing risk are discretionary by nature and are based on internally developed controls and observed
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historical market behavior, and also involve reliance on standard industry practices. Accordingly, in the future, we may identify gaps in such policies and procedures or existing gaps may become higher risk, and may require significant resources and management attention. Our risk management policies and procedures also may not adequately prevent losses due to technical errors if our testing and quality control practices are not effective in preventing failures. In addition, we may elect to adjust our risk management policies and procedures to allow for an increase in risk tolerance, which could expose us to the risk of greater losses.
Any potential regulators who may have jurisdiction over us, including in the future, may periodically review our compliance program, including our policies and procedures, and with applicable law. We may from time to time receive examination reports citing violations of applicable law and inadequacies in existing compliance programs requiring us to enhance certain practices with respect to our practices or compliance program, including due diligence, training, monitoring, reporting and recordkeeping. If we fail to comply with these, or do not adequately remediate certain findings, regulators and financial institution partners could take a variety of actions that could impair our ability to conduct our business, including, but not limited to, delaying, denying, withdrawing or conditioning approval of certain products and services. In addition, regulators have broad enforcement powers to censure, fine, issue cease and desist orders, that may prohibit us from engaging in some of our business activities, or revoke any licenses we may obtain in the future. We face significant intervention by regulatory authorities, including extensive auditing and surveillance activities, and will continue to face the risk of significant intervention by regulatory authorities and potential future financial institution partners in the future. In the case of non-compliance or alleged non-compliance, we could be subject to investigations and proceedings that may result in substantial penalties or civil lawsuits, including by customers, for damages, which can be a significant loss to us or our financial institution partner(s). Any of these outcomes would adversely affect our reputation and brand and our business, operating results and financial condition. Some of these outcomes could adversely affect our ability to conduct our business.
We plan to accelerate Bitcoin adoption and Bitcoin literacy. We have not previously engaged in the business of online learning programs and educational content, and growing these operations could be difficult for us, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges and significant competition.
A central pillar of Pubco’s mission will be to accelerate Bitcoin adoption and literacy at both institutional and retail levels, through online learning programs, publishing educational content, and partnering with institutions. Pubco and its management have not previously engaged in the business of online learning programs or the business of publishing educational content. The creation of new online academic programs may not be accepted by prospective customers.
Building awareness of our online learning programs is critical to our ability to acquire prospective customers, and generate revenue. A substantial portion of our online learning program expenses will likely be attributable to developing, marketing, selling our online learning programs, which we cannot guarantee will result in successfully attracting customers. We expect to seek to generate revenue based on prospective customers purchasing our online learning programs, so it is critical to our success that we identify prospective customers in a cost-effective manner and that any future customers purchase our products and remain active in our offerings.
In addition, our efforts to develop online learning programs may be materially adversely affected by increased competition in the online education market and our competitors’ increasing use of artificial intelligence and machine learning or because of problems with the performance or reliability of our future online program infrastructure.
We expect to engage in the future in other Bitcoin-related activities, including Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, Bitcoin-related debt and equity structured products and Bitcoin-related lending activities, all of which are subject to regulation. We have not previously engaged in these business lines and we may be unable to implement our business plan, including, without limitation, due to operational challenges, significant competition and regulation.
It is our long term strategy to expand our operations in the future to include Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services. This may include Bitcoin-related debt and equity structured products and Bitcoin-related lending activities. We may also incur indebtedness or enter into other financial instruments in the future that may be collateralized by our Bitcoin holdings or pursue other strategies to create income streams or otherwise generate funds using our Bitcoin holdings. These offerings are expected to be highly regulated, any failure to obtain or maintain necessary money transmission, banking services and/or virtual currency business activity registrations and licenses, or comply with any applicable laws, rules and regulations could adversely affect our ability to offer these services. See “— Bitcoin’s status
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as a “security” in any relevant jurisdiction, as well as the status of Bitcoin-related products and services in general, is subject to a high degree of uncertainty, and if Pubco is unable to properly characterize such product or service offering, Pubco may be subject to regulatory scrutiny, inquiries, investigations, fines and other penalties, which may adversely affect Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition.” Regulators and payment processors have historically taken actions relating to access to banking services. Heightened scrutiny by regulators could be detrimental to our long term strategy and failure to comply with regulators during and after our engagement in such activities could damage our brand, reputation, business, operating results and financial condition.
Further, Pubco has not previously engaged in such Bitcoin-related services, and may be unable to implement a business strategy to successfully deliver these services. We cannot guarantee our success to deliver these services. However if we fail to keep pace with rapid industry changes to provide new and innovative products and services, and are unable to offer such financial services to generate revenue, this could adversely impact our business, operating results and financial condition. The further development and acceptance of cryptocurrency networks and other cryptocurrencies financial services, which represent a new and rapidly changing industry, are subject to a variety of factors that are difficult to predict and evaluate. Conversely, the slowing or stopping of the development or acceptance of digital asset systems may also adversely affect our ability to implement this business strategy.
Even if we are able to expand our operations to include Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, we cannot guarantee that we will convince future customers to use these services. If our future customers decrease their level of engagement with our products, services and platform, our business, operating results and financial condition may be significantly harmed.
Pubco may be unable to recognize the economic benefit of a “fork” or an “airdrop”, which could adversely impact an investment in Pubco.
The only digital asset to be held by Pubco will be Bitcoin.
From time to time, Pubco may come into possession of, acquire, or otherwise establish dominion and control over, digital assets or other assets or rights, or be entitled to acquire any of the foregoing, incidental to Pubco’s ownership of Bitcoin and that arise without any action of Pubco (“Incidental Rights”, and such digital assets, other assets and rights “IR Virtual Currency”). Incidental Rights can arise in a number of ways, including a fork in the Bitcoin blockchain, or an airdrop to holders of Bitcoin (each described below). Pubco may elect not to take advantage of such Incidental Rights, or may be unable to do so, or may irrevocably abandon the Incidental Rights or IR Virtual Currency, even if this may be economically detrimental to Pubco.
Network Forks.
Bitcoin, along with many other digital assets, are open-source projects. As a result, any individual can propose modifications or improvements through one or more software upgrades that could alter the protocol layer of the Bitcoin network. In most cases, when a modification is proposed, a substantial majority of miners adopt it, especially if the new version would be incompatible with the then-current version. However, when a substantial majority of miners do not adopt the modified version, the result is a “hard fork” with two incompatible networks and two incompatible digital assets. Bitcoin has undergone a number of hardforks since its inception. For example, on August 1, 2017, after extended debates among developers as to how to improve the Bitcoin network’s transaction capacity, the Bitcoin network was forked by a group of developers and miners resulting in the creation of a new blockchain, which underlies the new digital asset “Bitcoin Cash.” Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash now operate on separate, independent blockchains. Since then, the Bitcoin network has forked several times to launch new digital assets, such as Bitcoin Gold, Bitcoin Silver and Bitcoin Diamond. Litecoin was also the result of a fork from the original Bitcoin blockchain.
Forks can occur for other reasons as well. For example, after a significant security breach, stakeholders on the network could elect to “fork” the network to its state before the hack, effectively reversing the hack. A fork could also be introduced unintentionally through a software bug or network activity.
Significant forks are typically announced several months in advance. The circumstances of each fork are unique, and their relative significance varies. It is possible that a particular fork may result in a significant disruption to Bitcoin and, potentially, may result in broader market disruption should pricing become difficult following the fork. It is not possible to predict with accuracy the impact that any anticipated fork could have or for how long any resulting disruption may exist.
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Forks may have a detrimental effect on the value of Bitcoin, including by negatively affecting cryptocurrency allocations or by failing to capture of the full value of the newly-forked Bitcoin if it is excluded from the BRRNY index. Forks can also introduce new security risks. For example, forks may result in “replay attacks,” or attacks in which transactions from one network were rebroadcast to nefarious effect on the other network. After a hard fork, it may become easier for an individual miner or mining pool’s hashing power to exceed 50% of the processing power of the digital asset network, thereby making digital assets that rely on proof of work more susceptible to attack. For example, when the Ethereum and Ethereum Classic networks, two other digital asset networks, split in July 2016, replay attacks, in which transactions from one network were rebroadcast to nefarious effect on the other network, plagued Ethereum exchanges through at least October 2016. An Ethereum exchange announced in July 2016 that it had lost 40,000 Ethereum Classic, worth about $100,000 at that time, as a result of replay attacks. Similar replay attack concerns occurred in connection with the Bitcoin Cash and Bitcoin SV networks split in November 2018. Another possible result of a hard fork is an inherent decrease in the level of security due to significant amounts of mining power remaining on one network or migrating instead to the new forked network.
A hard fork may adversely affect the price of Bitcoin at the time of announcement or adoption. For example, the announcement of a hard fork could lead to increased demand for the pre-fork digital asset, in anticipation that ownership of the pre fork digital asset would entitle holders to a new digital asset following the fork. The increased demand for the pre fork digital asset may cause the price of the digital asset to rise. After the hard fork, it is possible the aggregate price of the two versions of the digital asset running in parallel would be less than the price of the digital asset immediately prior to the fork. While Pubco will determine which network is generally accepted as the Bitcoin network and should therefore be considered the appropriate network for Pubco’s purposes, there is no guarantee that Pubco will choose the network and the associated digital asset that is ultimately the most valuable fork. Either of these events could therefore adversely impact the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. When Bitcoin Cash forked from the Bitcoin network, the value of Bitcoin went from $2,800 to $2,700.
In principle, a hard fork could change the source code for the Bitcoin network, including the source code which limits the supply of Bitcoin to 21 million. Although many observers believe this is unlikely at present, there is no guarantee that the current 21 million supply cap for outstanding Bitcoin, which is estimated to be reached by approximately the year 2140, will not be changed. If a hard fork changing the 21 million supply cap is widely adopted, the limit on the supply of Bitcoin could be lifted, which could have an adverse impact on the value of Bitcoin and the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
If Bitcoin were to fork into two digital assets, Pubco may hold, in addition to its existing Bitcoin balance, a right to claim an equivalent amount of the new “forked” asset following the hard fork. However, BRRNY index does not track forks involving Bitcoin. The holder of Bitcoin has no discretion in a hard fork; it merely has the right to claim the new Bitcoin on a pro rata basis while it continues to hold the same number of Bitcoin.
Anchorage, which will be the custodian of Pubco’s Bitcoin retains the right to determine whether or not to support (or cease supporting) a forked network. The outcome of such decisions by Anchorage may impact the price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Airdrops.
Owners of Bitcoin may also become subject to an “airdrop.” In an airdrop, the promotors of a different digital asset, typically one that is newly launched, will send that digital asset to the wallet of holders of an existing digital asset for no charge. Airdrops are not always announced and while in some cases the wallet owner needs to take a step to “claim” the new digital asset, in other cases, the wallet owner possesses the new digital asset without taking any actions. For example, in March 2017, the promoters of Stellar Lumens announced that anyone that owned Bitcoin as of June 26, 2017, could claim, until August 27, 2017, a certain amount of Stellar Lumens. Airdrops are not included in BRRNY index under its current methodology. Pubco may or may not participate in airdrops.
If Pubco notifies Anchorage in writing of an upcoming airdrop, Anchorage may, among other actions, elect to: (i) custody the airdropped digital asset for an additional fee or (ii) not pursue obtaining the airdropped digital assets. The outcome of such decisions by Anchorage may impact the price of Pubco Class A Stock.
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In the ordinary course of business managing its Bitcoin holding as a Bitcoin treasury company, Pubco may purchase Bitcoin through spot markets which may be exposed to fraud and market manipulation, including through front running and wash trading, which may adversely affect the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
The blockchain infrastructure could be used by certain market participants to exploit arbitrage opportunities through schemes such as front-running, spoofing, pump-and-dump and fraud across different systems, platforms or geographic locations. As a result of reduced oversight, these schemes may be more prevalent in digital asset markets than in the general market for financial products.
The SEC has identified possible sources of fraud and manipulation in the Bitcoin market generally, including, among others (1) “wash trading”; (2) persons with a dominant position in Bitcoin manipulating Bitcoin pricing; (3) hacking of the Bitcoin network and trading platforms; (4) malicious control of the Bitcoin network; (5) trading based on material, non-public information (for example, plans of market participants to significantly increase or decrease their holdings in Bitcoin, new sources of demand for Bitcoin, etc.) or based on the dissemination of false and misleading information; (6) manipulative activity involving purported “stablecoins,” including Tether; and (7) fraud and manipulation at Bitcoin trading platforms.
In the ordinary course of business managing its Bitcoin holding as a Bitcoin treasury company, Pubco may purchase Bitcoin through spot markets. Over the past several years, a number of Bitcoin spot markets have been closed or faced issues due to fraud. In many of these instances, the customers of such Bitcoin spot markets were not compensated or made whole for the partial or complete losses of their account balances in such Bitcoin exchanges.
In 2022, there were reports claiming that more than half of Bitcoin trading volume on digital asset exchanges was fake. Such reports alleged that certain overseas exchanges have displayed suspicious trading activity suggestive of a variety of manipulative or fraudulent practices. Other academics and market observers have put forth evidence to support claims that manipulative trading activity has occurred on certain Bitcoin exchanges. For example, in a 2017 paper titled “Price Manipulation in the Bitcoin Ecosystem” sponsored by the Interdisciplinary Cyber Research Center at Tel Aviv University, a group of researchers used publicly available trading data, as well as leaked transaction data from a 2014 Mt. Gox security breach, to identify and analyze the impact of “suspicious trading activity” on Mt. Gox between February and November 2013, which, according to the authors, caused the price of Bitcoin to increase from around $150 to more than $1,000 over a two-month period. In August 2017, it was reported that a trader or group of traders nicknamed “Spoofy” was placing large orders on Bitfinex without actually executing them, presumably in order to influence other investors into buying or selling by creating a false appearance that greater demand existed in the market. In December 2017, an anonymous blogger (publishing under the pseudonym Bitfinex’d) cited publicly available trading data to support his or her claim that a trading bot nicknamed “Picasso” was pursuing a paint-the-tape-style manipulation strategy by buying and selling Bitcoin and Bitcoin Cash between affiliated accounts in order to create the appearance of substantial trading activity and thereby influence the price of such assets.
The potential consequences of a spot market’s failure or failure to prevent market manipulation could adversely affect the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Any market abuse, and a loss of investor confidence in Bitcoin, may adversely impact pricing trends in Bitcoin markets broadly, as well as an investment in shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
The price of Bitcoin on available spot markets may be exposed to wash trading.
Spot markets on which Bitcoin trades, through which Pubco may purchase Bitcoin, may be susceptible to wash trading. Wash trading occurs when offsetting trades are entered into for other than bona fide reasons, such as the desire to inflate reported trading volumes. Wash trading may be motivated by non-economic reasons, such as a desire for increased visibility on popular websites that monitor markets for digital assets so as to improve their attractiveness to investors who look for maximum liquidity, or it may be motivated by the ability to attract listing fees from token issuers who seek the most liquid and high-volume exchanges on which to list their coins. Results of wash trading may include unexpected obstacles to trade and erroneous investment decisions based on false information.
Even in the United States, there have been allegations of wash trading even on regulated venues. Any actual or perceived false trading in the digital asset exchange market, and any other fraudulent or manipulative acts and practices, could adversely affect the value of Bitcoin and/or negatively affect the market perception of Bitcoin.
To the extent that wash trading either occurs or appears to occur in spot markets on which Bitcoin trades, investors may develop negative perceptions about Bitcoin and the digital assets industry more broadly, which could adversely impact the price Bitcoin and, therefore, the price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Wash trading also may place more legitimate digital asset exchanges at a relative competitive disadvantage.
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The price of Bitcoin on available spot markets may be exposed to front-running.
Spot markets on which Bitcoin trades, through which Pubco may purchase Bitcoin, may be susceptible to “front-running,” which refers to the process when someone uses technology or market advantage to get prior knowledge of upcoming transactions. Front-running is a frequent activity on centralized as well as decentralized exchanges. By using bots functioning on a millisecond-scale timeframe, bad actors are able to take advantage of the forthcoming price movement and make economic gains at the cost of those who had introduced these transactions. The objective of a front runner is to buy a chunk of tokens at a low price and later sell them at a higher price while simultaneously exiting the position. Front-running happens via manipulations of gas prices or timestamps, also known as slow matching. To extent that front-running occurs, it may result in investor frustrations and concerns as to the price integrity of digital asset exchanges and digital assets more generally.
Bitcoin is susceptible to various types of malicious attacks, including a “51% attack” and such an attack, even temporarily, could adversely impact the price of Bitcoin and the value of shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
Digital asset networks, including the Bitcoin network, are subject to control by entities that capture a majority of the network’s computational power. If a single attacker, or a group of attackers acting in concert, control (even temporarily) a majority of the network mining power (known as hash rate) of the Bitcoin network, known as a “51%” attack, they could engage in harmful acts that could threaten the integrity of the network. For example, such attackers could reverse completed transactions, approve or reject transactions solely for their own benefit, or modify the ordering of transactions. This might allow these malicious actors to “double-spend” their own Bitcoin (i.e., spend the same Bitcoin in more than one transaction) and prevent the confirmation of other users’ transactions for so long as it maintained control. To the extent that such malicious actors did not yield its control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network or the network community did not reject the fraudulent blocks as malicious, reversing any changes made to the Bitcoin network may not be possible.
Further, a malicious actor could create a flood of transactions in order to slow down confirmations of transactions on the Bitcoin network. For example, on June 2, 2018, the Horizen network was the target of a double-spend attack by an unknown actor that gained more than 50% of the processing power of the Horizen network. The attack was the result of delayed submission of blocks to the Horizen network. The core developers of Zen subsequently implemented mitigation procedures to significantly increase the difficulty of attacks of this nature by introducing a penalty for delayed block submissions.
Bitcoin mining pools, where miners combine their computational resources (hash power) to increase their chances of mining new blocks and earning rewards, have become a crucial part of the Bitcoin network. If large mining pools were to combine their resources and act maliciously, it could increase the risk of a 51% attack. Moreover, if a majority of miners used the same hardware to mine Bitcoin and such hardware contained malicious code, it is possible that the distributor of that code cold launch a 51% attack. For example, in May 2019, the Bitcoin Cash network, a proof-of-work network, experienced a >50% attack when two large mining pools reversed a series of transactions to stop an unknown miner from taking advantage of a flaw in a recent Bitcoin Cash protocol upgrade. Although this particular attack was arguably benevolent, certain individuals believe it negatively impacted the Bitcoin Cash network.
A 51% attack is more likely to happen in the context of digital assets with smaller market capitalizations due to the reduced computing power threshold required to control a majority of a given network. Nevertheless, it is theoretically possible to mount a similar 51% attack on Bitcoin or other digital assets with large market capitalization. If the feasibility of a bad actor gaining control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network increases, there may be a negative effect on the value of Bitcoin and the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
There are only a few developers who have the authority to maintain the Bitcoin code. A malicious actor could obtain control over the Bitcoin network by influencing or exerting control over one more maintainers. The malicious actor could, for example, convince or pressure a maintainer to modify the code in a manner that benefits the malicious actor. If such amended code is then unknowingly incorporated by a majority of miners, the malicious actor might be able to manipulate the bitcoin network to their benefit. To the extent the malicious actor is successful, and such amendments enable the malicious exploitation of the Bitcoin network, the risk that a malicious actor may be able to obtain control of the Bitcoin network in this manner exists, which may adversely affect the value of Pubco Class A Stock.
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To the extent that the Bitcoin ecosystem, including the core developers and the administrators of mining pools, does not act to ensure greater decentralization of mining processing power, the feasibility of a malicious actor obtaining control of the processing power on the Bitcoin network will increase, which may adversely affect the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
If any of these exploitations or attacks occur, it could result in a loss of public confidence in Bitcoin and a decline in the value of Bitcoin and, as a result, adversely impact shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
Although Pubco will have relevant due diligence procedures at Closing regarding anti-money laundering (“AML”) and know-your-customer (“KYC”), these procedures may fail to prevent illegal transactions, which could subject Pubco to criminal and civil liabilities and impact the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
Although transaction details of peer-to-peer transactions are recorded on the Bitcoin blockchain, a buyer or seller of digital assets on a peer-to-peer basis directly on the Bitcoin network may never know to whom the public key belongs or the true identity of the party with whom it is transacting. Public key addresses are randomized sequences of alphanumeric characters that, standing alone, do not provide sufficient information to identify users. In addition, certain technologies may obscure the origin or chain of custody of digital assets. The opaque nature of the market poses asset verification challenges for market participants, regulators and auditors and gives rise to an increased risk of manipulation and fraud, including the potential for Ponzi schemes, bucket shops and pump and dump schemes. Digital assets have in the past been used to facilitate illicit activities. If a digital asset was used to facilitate illicit activities, businesses that facilitate transactions in such digital assets could be at increased risk of potential criminal or civil lawsuits, or of having banking or other services cut off, and such digital asset could be removed from digital asset exchanges. Any of the aforementioned occurrences could adversely affect the price of the relevant digital asset, the attractiveness of the respective blockchain network and an investment in shares of Pubco Class A Stock. If Pubco were to transact with a sanctioned entity, we would be at risk of potential criminal or civil lawsuits or liability.
Pubco aims to take measures with the objective of reducing illicit financing risks in connection with our activities. However, illicit financing risks are present in the digital asset markets, including markets for Bitcoin. There can be no assurance that the measures employed by Pubco will prove successful in reducing illicit financing risks, and Pubco will be subject to the complex illicit financing risks and vulnerabilities present in the digital asset markets. If such risks eventuate, Pubco could face civil or criminal liability, fines, penalties, or other punishments, be subject to investigation, have our assets frozen, lose access to banking services or services provided by other service providers, or suffer disruptions to their operations, any of which could negatively affect Pubco’s ability to operate or cause losses in value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
At Closing, Pubco will have adopted and implemented policies and procedures that are designed to ensure that Pubco does not violate applicable AML and sanctions laws and regulations and to comply with any applicable KYC laws and regulations. Pubco aims to only interact with known authorized third party service providers with respect to whom it has engaged in a due diligence process to ensure a thorough KYC process, such as Anchorage.
Anchorage has adopted and implemented an anti-money laundering and sanctions compliance program, which provides additional protections to ensure that Pubco does not transact with a sanctioned party. Notably, Anchorage performs Know-Your-Transaction (“KYT”) screening using blockchain analytic tools, screening systems, and in-house built systems to identify, detect, and mitigate the risk of transacting with a sanctioned or other unlawful actor. Pursuant to Anchorage’s KYT program, any Bitcoin that is delivered to Pubco’s custody account will undergo screening to ensure that the origins of that Bitcoin are not illicit.
There is no guarantee that such procedures will always be effective. If third parties have inadequate policies, procedures and controls for complying with applicable anti-money laundering and applicable sanctions laws or Pubco’s diligence is ineffective, violations of such laws could result, which could result in regulatory liability for Pubco under such laws, including governmental fines, penalties, and other punishments, as well as potential liability to or cessation of services by Anchorage. Any of the foregoing could impact the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock or negatively affect Pubco’s ability to operate.
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Risks Related to Being a Public Company
The market price of Pubco Class A Stock may be volatile and decline materially as a result of volatility in Bitcoin or the digital asset markets generally, or for other reasons. You should be aware that you may lose some or all of your investment.
The trading price of Pubco Class A Stock following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be volatile. The stock market has recently experienced and in the future may experience extreme volatility. This volatility has often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. You may not be able to resell your shares of Pubco Class A Stock at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as the following:
• Pubco’s operating and financial performance and prospects;
• risk of Pubco’s credit rating being downgraded;
• Pubco’s quarterly or annual earnings or those of other companies in its industry compared to market expectations;
• conditions that impact demand for Pubco’s future products and/or services;
• future announcements concerning Pubco’s business, its customers’ businesses or its competitors’ businesses;
• the public’s reaction to Pubco’s press releases or other public announcements and filings with the SEC;
• the market’s reaction to Pubco’s reduced disclosure and other requirements as a result of being an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act;
• the size of Pubco’s public float;
• volatility in Bitcoin, Pubco’s principal asset;
• the control by Tether and Bitfinex over Pubco, which results in Pubco being expected to qualify as a “controlled company” under securities exchange rules, and may create conflicts of interest between Pubco and Tether or Bitfinex;
• coverage by or changes in financial estimates by securities analysts or failure to meet their expectations;
• market and industry perception of Pubco’s success, or lack thereof, in pursuing its strategy;
• strategic actions by Pubco or its competitors, such as acquisitions or restructurings;
• changes in laws or regulations which adversely affect Pubco’s industry or Pubco;
• privacy and data protection laws, privacy or data breaches, or the loss of data;
• changes in Pubco’s accounting standards, policies, guidance, interpretations or principles;
• changes in Pubco’s senior management or key personnel;
• issuances, exchanges or sales, or expected issuances, exchanges or sales of Pubco Class A Stock;
• changes in Pubco’s dividend policy;
• the lack of voting rights;
• failure by Pubco to comply with regulatory requirements, including those related to governance and control requirements in particular jurisdictions, international sanctions or a change in regulations or enforcement policies that adversely affects our operations;
• adverse resolution of new or pending investigation, regulatory action or litigation against Pubco; and
• changes in general market, economic and political conditions in the United States and other global economies or financial markets, including those resulting from inflation and related monetary policy in response to inflation, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, acts of war and responses to such events.
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Broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of Pubco Class A Stock, regardless of Pubco’s operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of Pubco Class A Stock is low. As a result, you may suffer a loss on your investment.
Pubco’s share price may be exposed to additional risks because our business will become a public company through a “de-SPAC” transaction. There has been increased focus by government agencies on such transactions, and Pubco expects that increased focus to continue. Pubco may be subject to increased scrutiny by the SEC and other government agencies on holders of Pubco securities as a result, which could adversely affect the price of Pubco Class A Stock.
A substantial part of Pubco’s assets following the Business Combination will be its Bitcoin holdings and cash and cash equivalents from the proceeds of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments not invested in Bitcoin. Although Pubco is expected to have certain other operations, Pubco will depend on such retained cash and cash equivalents to pay its debts and other obligations.
Upon consummation of the Business Combination, a substantial part of Pubco’s assets will be its Bitcoin holdings and cash and cash equivalents from the proceeds of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments not invested in Bitcoin. While Pubco plans to generate revenue through its educational content platforms and, in the future, its provision of Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, as well as active management of its Bitcoin holdings, these business strategies are subject to risks as described in this section. Pubco’s ability to pay taxes and operating expenses, as well as its debt service obligations in the future, if any, will be largely dependent upon the financial results and cash flows resulting from its business strategies. There can be no assurance that Pubco will generate sufficient cash flow from its educational programs or financial and advisory services, or that applicable law and contractual restrictions, including negative covenants under any debt instruments, if applicable, will permit the sale of Bitcoin that secures then-outstanding notes in order to fund working capital needs. Pubco may default on contractual obligations or have to borrow additional funds. In the event that Pubco is required to borrow additional funds, it could adversely affect Pubco’s liquidity and subject it to additional restrictions imposed by lenders. If Pubco enters into additional financing or other agreements in the future, Pubco cannot make assurances that these agreements will be on favorable terms or that they will not restrict the distribution of dividends or other payments to shareholders.
Pubco’s ability to timely raise capital in the future may be limited, or may be unavailable on acceptable terms, if at all. Pubco’s failure to raise capital when needed could harm its business, operating results and financial condition.
Pubco cannot be certain if it will generate sufficient cash thorough its educational content platforms and, in the future, its provision of Bitcoin-related financial and advisory services, or the active management of its Bitcoin holdings to fund future operations or growth of its business. Additional financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, Pubco may be unable to invest in future growth opportunities, which could harm Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition. Pubco will incur debt at Closing pursuant to the issuance of the Convertible Notes (including the Exchange Notes and the Engagement Letter Notes), and may from time to time issue additional notes in order to further its Bitcoin acquisition strategy. If Pubco incurs additional debt, the debt holders could also have rights senior to holders of Pubco Stock to make claims on Pubco’s assets. The terms of any debt could restrict Pubco’s operations, including its ability to pay dividends on Pubco Class A Stock. As a result, Pubco shareholders bear the risk of future issuances of debt securities reducing the value of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
The issuance of additional shares or convertible securities by Pubco could make it difficult for another company to acquire Pubco, may dilute the ownership of Pubco shareholders and could adversely affect the price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Pubco may obtain additional financing and may issue additional shares and/or offering debt or other equity securities, including senior or subordinated notes, debt securities convertible into equity and/or preferred shares. Issuing additional shares of Pubco Stock, other equity securities, and/or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of Pubco’s existing shareholders, reduce the market price of outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, or both. Debt securities convertible into equity could be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio pursuant to which certain events may increase the number of equity securities issuable upon conversion. Preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit Pubco’s ability to pay dividends to the holders of Pubco Class A Stock. The potential issuance of additional securities may delay or prevent a change in control of us, discourage bids for our securities at a premium to the market price, and materially and adversely affect the market price and the voting and other rights of
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the holders of our securities, including Pubco Class A Stock. Pubco’s decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond its control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing or nature of its future offerings. As a result, holders of Pubco Class A Stock bear the risk that Pubco’s future offerings and exercise of any options under any stock option plans that Pubco may implement may reduce the market price of Pubco Class A Stock and dilute their percentage ownership. See the section entitled “Description of Pubco Securities.”
Future resales of Pubco Class A Stock after the consummation of the Business Combination may cause the market price of Pubco’s securities to drop significantly, even if Pubco’s business is doing well.
The Lock-Up Agreements and the Insider Letter (which will be amended at Closing in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement) provide that after the consummation of the Business Combination and subject to certain exceptions, the Pubco Stock received by the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and the Pubco Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank will be locked-up and subject to transfer restrictions, as described below, subject to certain exceptions, as described in the section “The Business Combination — Other Agreements — Lock-Up Agreements.”
However, following the expiration of such lock-up, the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will not be restricted from selling Pubco Stock held by them, other than by applicable securities laws. Upon completion of the Business Combination and assuming that no CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and based on the other assumptions included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will collectively beneficially own approximately 89.1% of the outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock at Closing. Assuming a maximum redemption of 10,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the Business Combination, and based on the other assumptions included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, in the aggregate, the ownership of the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank would rise to 91.7% of the outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock at Closing. Both scenarios exclude the 32,877,615 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes (including the Option Notes) to be issued to the Convertible Note Investors and the 4,545,461 shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable to the Sponsor and CF&Co. upon conversion of the Exchange Notes, Engagement Letter Notes and Option Notes purchased by the Sponsor pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, in each case, assuming the applicable conversion price is $13.00 per share. These also assume that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued and outstanding under the Incentive Plan.
In addition, pursuant to the Ancillary Agreements, Pubco will agree to register for resale, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are held by the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank. Pursuant to the Ancillary Agreements, such parties will have customary registration rights, including demand and piggy-back rights. Based on the assumptions included elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, we estimate that up to approximately 308,632,417 shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by such holders will be subject to registration rights following Closing (including shares underlying Convertible Notes to be held by the Sponsor and CF&Co. based on a $13.00 conversion price).
As restrictions on resale end and registration statements (filed after the Closing to provide for the resale of such shares from time to time) are available for use, the sale or possibility of sale of these shares could have the effect of increasing the volatility in the market price of Pubco Class A Stock and the market price of Pubco Class A Stock could decline if the holders of currently restricted shares sell them or are perceived by the market as intending to sell them.
Pubco will incur significant costs post-Business Combination as a result of being a public company, including additional legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses, as well as costs associated with public company reporting requirements.
Pubco will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses, including costs associated with public company reporting requirements following completion of the Business Combination. Pubco will incur significant costs associated with complying with the requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, and related rules implemented by the SEC and Nasdaq, or any other national securities exchange on which it may list its securities. Pubco expects these laws and regulations to increase its legal and financial compliance costs after the Business Combination and to render some activities more time-consuming and costly, although Pubco is currently unable to estimate these costs with any degree of certainty. Pubco is expected to need to hire more employees post-Business Combination or engage outside consultants to comply with these requirements, which will increase its post-Business Combination costs and expenses. These laws and regulations could make it more difficult or costly for Pubco to obtain certain types of insurance, including directors’ and officers’ liability insurance,
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and Pubco may be forced to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. These laws and regulations could also make it more difficult for Pubco to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on the Pubco Board or board committees or as executive officers. Furthermore, if Pubco is unable to satisfy its obligations as a public company, it could be subject to delisting of its Pubco Class A Stock, fines, sanctions and other regulatory action and potentially civil litigation.
Pubco’s management team is expected to have limited experience managing and operating a U.S. public company.
Certain members of Pubco’s management team are expected to have limited experience managing and operating a U.S. publicly traded company, interacting with U.S. public company investors, and complying with the increasingly complex laws pertaining to U.S. public companies. Its transition to being a U.S. public company subjects Pubco to significant regulatory oversight and reporting obligations under the U.S. federal securities laws and the continuous scrutiny of securities analysts and investors. These new obligations and constituents will require significant attention from Pubco’s senior management and could divert their attention away from the day-to-day management of its business. Pubco may not have adequate personnel with the appropriate level of knowledge, experience and training in the accounting policies, practices or internal control over financial reporting required of U.S. public companies. The development and implementation of the standards and controls necessary for Pubco to achieve the level of accounting standards required of a public company may require costs greater than expected. To support its operations as a U.S. public company, Pubco plans to recruit additional qualified employees or external consultants with relevant experience, which will increase its operating costs in future periods. Should any of these factors materialize, Pubco’s business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
If Pubco is unable to maintain an effective system of internal controls and compliances, its business and reputation could be adversely affected.
Pubco plans to manage regulatory compliance by monitoring and evaluating its internal controls to ensure that it is in compliance with all relevant statutory and regulatory requirements, there can be no assurance that deficiencies in its internal controls and compliances will not arise, or that it will be able to implement, and continue to maintain, adequate measures to rectify or mitigate any such deficiencies in its internal controls, in a timely manner or at all. Pubco cannot assure that there will be no instances of inadvertent non-compliances with statutory requirements, which may subject it to regulatory action, including monetary penalties, which may adversely affect its business and reputation. See also “Pubco’s compliance and risk management methods might not be effective and may result in outcomes that could adversely affect Pubco’s reputation, operating results and financial condition.”
Pubco’s failure to timely and effectively implement controls and procedures required by Section 404(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act that will be applicable to it following consummation of the Business Combination could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flow and prospects.
Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act will require Pubco to evaluate the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year, including a management report assessing the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting beginning with its first Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year in which the Business Combination is consummated. Additionally, once Pubco ceases to be an emerging growth company, its independent registered accounting firm will also be required to attest to the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting in each Annual Report on Form 10-K to be filed with the SEC. Pubco may in the future identify material weaknesses or significant deficiencies that it may be unable to remedy before the requisite deadline for those reports. Pubco’s ability to comply with the annual internal control reporting requirements will depend on the effectiveness of its financial reporting and data systems and controls across its company. Pubco expects these systems and controls to involve significant expenditures and to become increasingly complex as its business grows. To effectively manage this complexity, Pubco will need to continue to improve its operational, financial and management controls and its reporting systems and procedures. Any weaknesses or deficiencies or any failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in the implementation or operation of these controls, could harm its operating results and cause it to fail to meet its financial reporting obligations or result in material misstatements in its financial statements, which could adversely affect our business and reduce the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
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Pubco will be an “emerging growth company.” The reduced public company reporting requirements applicable to emerging growth companies may make Pubco Class A Stock less attractive to investors.
Pubco will qualify as an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act. While Pubco remains an emerging growth company, it will be permitted to and plans to rely on exemptions from certain disclosure requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies. These provisions include: (i) an exemption from compliance with the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of Pubco’s internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley, (ii) not being required to comply with any requirement that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board regarding mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report providing additional information about the audit and the financial statements, (iii) reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation arrangements in Pubco’s periodic reports, registration statements and proxy statements, and (iv) exemptions from the requirements of holding a non-binding advisory vote on executive compensation and shareholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. As a result, the information Pubco provides will be different than the information that is available with respect to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.
In addition, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the exemption from complying with new or revised accounting standards provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act as long as Pubco is an emerging growth company. An emerging growth company can therefore delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. The JOBS Act provides that a company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, but any such election to opt out is irrevocable.
Pubco cannot predict whether investors will find Pubco Class A Stock less attractive if it relies on these exemptions. If some investors find Pubco Class A Stock less attractive as a result, there may be a less active trading market for Pubco Class A Stock. The market price of Pubco Class A Stock may be more volatile.
Pubco expects to remain an emerging growth company until the earlier of (i) the last day of the fiscal year (1) following the fifth anniversary of the consummation of the Business Combination, (2) in which Pubco has total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, or (3) in which Pubco is deemed to be a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of Pubco Stock that is held by non-affiliates equaled or exceeded $700 million as of the end of that year’s second fiscal quarter, and (ii) the date on which Pubco has issued more than $1.00 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period.
If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about Pubco’s business or publish negative reports, the market price of Pubco Class A Stock could decline.
The trading market for Pubco Class A Stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or securities analysts publish about Pubco, Pubco’s business. Pubco may be unable or slow to attract research coverage and if one or more analysts cease coverage of Pubco, the price and trading volume of Pubco’s securities would likely be negatively impacted. If any of the analysts that may cover Pubco change their recommendation regarding Pubco’s securities adversely, or provide more favorable relative recommendations about Pubco’s competitors, the price of Pubco’s securities would likely decline. If any analyst that may cover Pubco ceases covering Pubco or fails to regularly publish reports on Pubco, it could lose visibility in the financial markets, which could cause the price or trading volume of Pubco’s securities to decline. If one or more of the analysts who cover Pubco downgrades Pubco Class A Stock or if Pubco’s reporting results do not meet their expectations, the market price of Pubco Class A Stock could decline. Moreover, the market price of Pubco Class A Stock may decline after the Business Combination if Pubco does not achieve the perceived benefits of the Business Combination as rapidly or to the extent anticipated by financial analysts, or the effect of the Business Combination on Pubco’s financial results is not consistent with the expectations of financial analysts. Accordingly, holders of Pubco Stock following the consummation of the Business Combination may experience a loss as a result of a decline in the market price of Pubco Class A Stock. In addition, a decline in the market price of Pubco Class A Stock following the consummation of the Business Combination could adversely affect Pubco’s ability to issue additional securities and to obtain additional financing in the future.
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Pubco may be subject to material litigation, including individual and class action lawsuits, as well as investigations and enforcement actions by regulators and governmental authorities. These matters are often expensive and time consuming, and, if resolved adversely, could harm Pubco’s business, financial condition and operating results.
We may from time to time become subject to claims, arbitrations, individual and class action lawsuits with respect to a variety of matters, including employment, consumer protection, advertising and securities. In addition, we may from time to time become subject to, government and regulatory investigations, inquiries, actions or requests, other proceedings and enforcement actions alleging violations of laws, rules and regulations, both foreign and domestic. The scope, determination and impact of claims, lawsuits, government and regulatory investigations, enforcement actions, disputes and proceedings to which we are subject cannot be predicted with certainty, and may result in:
• substantial payments to satisfy judgments, fines or penalties;
• substantial outside counsel, advisor and consultant fees and costs;
• substantial administrative costs, including arbitration fees;
• additional compliance and licensure requirements;
• loss or non-renewal of then-existing licenses or authorizations, or prohibition from or delays in obtaining additional licenses or authorizations, required for our business;
• loss of productivity and high demands on employee time;
• criminal sanctions or consent decrees;
• termination of certain employees, including members of our executive team;
• barring of certain employees from participating in our business in whole or in part;
• orders that restrict our business or prevent us from offering certain products or services;
• changes to our business model and practices;
• an inability to deliver on our strategy;
• delays to planned transactions, product launches or improvements; and
• damage to our brand and reputation.
Regardless of the outcome, any such matters can have an adverse impact, which may be material, on our business, operating results or financial condition because of legal costs, diversion of management resources, reputational damage and other factors.
Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation includes (a) an exclusive forum provision, which could limit a shareholder’s ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with Pubco or its directors, officers or other employees and (b) an enforceable jury trial waiver for any “internal entity claim”.
Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation provides that unless Pubco consents in writing to the selection of an alternative forum for the following purposes, the sole and exclusive forum for any of the filing, adjudication and trial of (a) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of Pubco, (b) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director or officer or other employee of Pubco to Pubco or Pubco’s shareholders, (c) any action asserting a claim against Pubco or any current or former director or officer or other employee of Pubco arising pursuant to any provision of the TBOC or Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation or the Amended and Restated Bylaws (as either may be amended from time to time), (d) any action asserting a claim related to or involving Pubco governed by the internal affairs doctrine, (e) any action asserting an “internal entity claim” as that term is defined in Section 2.115 of the TBOC, or (f) any other action or proceeding in which the Business Court of the State of Texas has jurisdiction, shall be the Business Court in the First Business Court Division of the State of Texas (provided that if the Business Court determines that it lacks jurisdiction, the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Dallas Division or, if such federal court lacks jurisdiction, the state district court of Dallas County, Texas); provided, however, that such exclusive forum provision shall not apply to direct claims under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation also includes a jury trial waiver consisting of the following language: TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY THE TBOC AND APPLICABLE LAW, AS THE SAME EXISTS OR MAY HEREAFTER BE AMENDED FROM TIME TO TIME,
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AND CONSISTENT WITH THE PROVISIONS OF PUBCO’S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION, PUBCO, EACH SHAREHOLDER, EACH DIRECTOR, AND EACH OFFICER OF PUBCO, AS WELL AS EACH OTHER PERSON WHO ACQUIRES AN INTEREST IN ANY SHARES OF STOCK OF PUBCO, IRREVOCABLY WAIVES THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY CONCERNING ANY “INTERNAL ENTITY CLAIM” AS THAT TERM IS DEFINED IN SECTION 2.115 OF THE TBOC. ANY PERSON OR ENTITY PURCHASING OR OTHERWISE ACQUIRING ANY INTEREST IN SHARES OF STOCK OF PUBCO WILL BE DEEMED TO HAVE NOTICE OF, AND TO HAVE KNOWINGLY AND INFORMEDLY CONSENTED AND ACQUIESCED TO, THE WAIVER PROVISIONS OF PUBCO’S AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF FORMATION.
Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. As a result, the exclusive forum provision will not apply to suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. However, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Accordingly, there is uncertainty as to whether a court would enforce such an exclusive forum provision as written in connection with claims arising under the Securities Act, and Pubco’s shareholders will not be deemed to have waived Pubco’s compliance with the federal securities laws and the rules and regulations thereunder. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring any interest in any security of Pubco shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the exclusive forum provision of Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws.
This exclusive forum provision in Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation may limit a shareholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents, or could result in increased costs for a shareholder to bring a claim, particularly if they do not reside in or near Texas, both of which may discourage the filing of lawsuits with respect to such claims. Alternatively, if a court were to find the exclusive forum provision contained in Pubco’s Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, Pubco may incur additional costs associated with resolving such actions in other jurisdictions, which could adversely affect Pubco’s business, operating results and financial condition. Furthermore, the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation contains a waiver of the right to trial by jury with respect to any “internal entity claim” as that term is defined in Section 2.115 of the TBOC. Pubco, each shareholder, director and officer of Pubco, and each other person who acquires an interest in any shares of stock of Pubco will be bound by this provision.
Risks Related to the Business Combination
The market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock after the Business Combination will be affected by factors different from those currently affecting the market price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
The market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock after the Business Combination will be influenced by various factors, distinct from those affecting the market price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares before the Business Combination. These include the financial performance of Pubco, economic conditions, market trends, Bitcoin price performance, investor psychology, relative governance rights and political and social factors.
The market price of Pubco Class A Stock may change significantly following the Business Combination. The stock market recently has experienced extreme volatility. This volatility often has been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of particular companies. Public Shareholders may not be able to resell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock at an attractive price due to a number of factors such as those listed in “Risks Related to the Business and Strategy of Pubco”, “Risks Related to Being a Public Company” and the following:
• results of operations that vary from the expectations of securities analysts and investors;
• results of operations that vary from those of Pubco’s competitors;
• changes in the market price of Bitcoin;
• changes in expectations as to Pubco’s future financial performance, including financial estimates and investment recommendations by securities analysts and investors;
• declines in the market prices of stocks generally;
• strategic actions by Pubco or its competitors;
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• announcements by Pubco or its competitors of significant contracts, acquisitions, joint ventures, other strategic relationships or capital commitments;
• any significant change in Pubco’s management;
• changes in general economic or market conditions or trends in Pubco’s industry or markets;
• changes in business or regulatory conditions, including new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to Pubco’s business;
• future sales by Pubco of Pubco Class A Stock or other securities;
• investor perceptions of the investment opportunity associated with Pubco Class A Stock relative to other investment alternatives;
• the public’s response to press releases or other public announcements by Pubco or third parties, including Pubco’s filings with the SEC;
• litigation involving Pubco, Pubco’s industry, or both, or investigations by regulators into the Pubco Board, Pubco’s operations or those of Pubco’s competitors;
• guidance, if any, that Pubco provides to the public, any changes in this guidance or Pubco’s failure to meet this guidance;
• the development and sustainability of an active trading market for Pubco Class A Stock;
• actions by institutional or activist shareholders;
• changes in accounting standards, policies, guidelines, interpretations or principles; and
• other events or factors, including those resulting from pandemics, natural disasters, war, acts of terrorism or responses to these events.
These broad market and industry fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock, regardless of Pubco’s actual operating performance. In addition, price volatility may be greater if the public float and trading volume of Pubco Class A Stock is low.
In the past, following periods of market volatility, shareholders have instituted securities class action litigation. If Pubco was involved in securities litigation, it could have a substantial cost and divert resources and the attention of executive management from Pubco’s business regardless of the outcome of such litigation.
The consummation of the Business Combination is subject to a number of conditions and if those conditions are not satisfied or waived, the Business Combination Agreement may be terminated in accordance with its terms and the Business Combination may not be completed.
The Business Combination Agreement is subject to a number of conditions which must be fulfilled in order to complete the Business Combination. Those conditions include, among other things: approval of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters by CEP Shareholders; absence of laws or orders prohibiting completion of the Business Combination; effectiveness of this proxy statement/prospectus; the shares of Pubco Class A Stock having been approved for listing on NYSE, Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange; the accuracy of the representations and warranties by both parties (subject to the materiality standards set forth in the Business Combination Agreement); the performance in all material respects by the parties of their covenants and agreements related to the Business Combination; no occurrence of a material adverse effect on CEP, Pubco or Twenty One; the funding of the PIPE Investments by the PIPE Investors; and the completion of the Contribution. These conditions to the Closing of the Business Combination may not be fulfilled in a timely manner or at all, and, accordingly, the Business Combination may not be completed.
In addition, the parties can mutually decide to terminate the Business Combination Agreement at any time, before or after CEP Shareholder approval of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, or Pubco, Twenty One or CEP may elect to terminate the Business Combination Agreement in certain other circumstances. For more information, see the section entitled “Questions and Answers About the Proposals — Q. What conditions must be satisfied or waived to complete the Business Combination?”
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The Business Combination Agreement contains provisions that limit CEP from seeking an alternative business combination. If the Business Combination is not completed, those restrictions may make it harder for CEP to complete an alternate business combination before the end of the Combination Period.
While the Business Combination Agreement is in effect, CEP may not solicit, assist, facilitate the making, submission or announcement of, or intentionally encourage any Alternative Transaction or Acquisition Proposal, such as a merger, material sale of assets or equity interests or other business combination, with any third party, even though any such Alternative Transaction or Acquisition Proposal could be more favorable to CEP Shareholders than the Business Combination. Further, if CEP holds and concludes the Meeting but the approval of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters are not obtained, either CEP or the Sellers may terminate the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination Agreement is terminated and the CEP Board seeks another business combination, these provisions will make it more difficult for CEP to complete an alternative business combination by the end of the Combination Period following the termination of the Business Combination Agreement due to the passage of time during which these provisions have remained in effect. There can be no assurance that CEP will be able to find another acquisition target that would consummate a business combination or that such other business combination will be completed prior to the end of the Combination Period. For more information, see the section entitled “The Business Combination — Termination and Effects of Termination.”
The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board will not change its recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, except in limited situations.
The CEP Board unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions on April 22, 2025, which approval was partially based on the price of Bitcoin at that time, which was used to determine the value of the Bitcoin being contributed by Tether and Bitfinex in the Contribution. The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board advise CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters. The Business Combination Agreement also provides that, except for specified circumstances, the CEP Board shall not change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify its recommendation to CEP Shareholders that they vote in favor of each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, including as a result of the decrease in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin.
It is possible that circumstances could arise subsequent to the approval of the Business Combination Agreement which may lead the CEP Board at such time to believe that the consummation of the Business Combination is no longer in the best interests of CEP, even though the CEP Board is contractually obligated to continue to advise CEP Shareholders of their prior recommendation to vote in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and the other CEP Shareholder Approval Matters.
The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares.
As noted elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, due to the initial assets of Pubco primarily comprising Bitcoin, the trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing and the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock following Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin. As a result, any increase or decrease in the price of Bitcoin could result in a corresponding increase or decrease in share price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and shares of Pubco Class A Stock. While Bitcoin has been a well performing asset over the long term in the last five (5) years, the price of Bitcoin is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will continue to rise or that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing. As an example, based on BRRNY, while the price of Bitcoin had reached over $109,000 in January 2025, the price of Bitcoin subsequently decreased to approximately $74,000 in April 2025 and again reached over $110,000 in May 2025. For more information, see the risk factors titled “— Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock” and “— We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements” and in the section of this proxy statement/prospectus titled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination.”
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The following table is an illustration of the potential impact of changes in the price of Bitcoin and the mNAV (multiple of enterprise value to the market value of Bitcoin holdings) on the share price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Illustrative Share Price of Pubco Class A Stock(1)(2)(3)(4)
Illustrative Price of Bitcoin
|
$ |
70,000 |
$ |
80,000 |
$ |
90,000 |
$ |
100,000 |
$ |
110,000 |
$ |
120,000 |
$ |
130,000 |
$ |
140,000 |
|||||||||||
|
Illustrative |
0.5x |
$ |
3.33 |
$ |
3.96 |
$ |
4.59 |
$ |
5.22 |
$ |
5.84 |
$ |
6.47 |
$ |
7.10 |
$ |
7.73 |
|||||||||
|
1.0x |
$ |
7.73 |
$ |
8.98 |
$ |
10.24 |
$ |
11.49 |
$ |
12.75 |
$ |
13.91 |
$ |
15.04 |
$ |
16.18 |
||||||||||
|
1.5x |
$ |
12.12 |
$ |
13.91 |
$ |
15.61 |
$ |
17.31 |
$ |
19.01 |
$ |
20.71 |
$ |
22.41 |
$ |
24.11 |
||||||||||
|
2.0x |
$ |
16.18 |
$ |
18.44 |
$ |
20.71 |
$ |
22.98 |
$ |
25.24 |
$ |
27.51 |
$ |
29.78 |
$ |
32.04 |
||||||||||
|
2.5x |
$ |
20.14 |
$ |
22.98 |
$ |
25.81 |
$ |
28.64 |
$ |
31.48 |
$ |
34.31 |
$ |
37.14 |
$ |
39.98 |
||||||||||
|
3.0x |
$ |
24.11 |
$ |
27.51 |
$ |
30.91 |
$ |
34.31 |
$ |
37.71 |
$ |
41.11 |
$ |
44.51 |
$ |
47.91 |
____________
(1) Assumes Pubco owns 43,514.112694 Bitcoin at Closing, consisting of (i) 31,500.000000 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 4,812.220927 Initial PIPE Bitcoin, 917.473606 Option PIPE Bitcoin and 1,381.157994 June PIPE Bitcoin purchased by Tether and to be sold to Pubco at Closing, (iii) 4,422.688667 Additional PIPE Bitcoin to be purchased by Tether and sold to Pubco at Closing, (iv) 347.616800 Bitcoin to be contributed by April Equity PIPE Investors as part of the April Equity PIPE, and (v) 132.954700 Bitcoin to be contributed by June Equity PIPE Investors as part of the June Equity PIPE.
(2) Bitcoin are to be contributed or purchased at the following prices: (i) the 31,500.000000 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex and the 347.616800 Bitcoin to be contributed by April Equity PIPE Investors are valued at a price of $84,863.57 per Bitcoin, (ii) the 4,812.220927 Initial PIPE Bitcoin were purchased by Tether at an average price of $95,319.83 per Bitcoin, (iii) the 917.473606 Option PIPE Bitcoin were purchased by Tether at an average price of $108,449.99 per Bitcoin, (iv) the 1,381.157994 June PIPE Bitcoin were purchased by Tether at an average price of $106,794.44 per Bitcoin, and (v) the 132.954700 Bitcoin to be contributed by June Equity PIPE Investors are valued at $106,803.38. The remaining Bitcoin will be purchased in the future at market prices.
(3) Illustrative Share Price of Pubco Class A Stock is calculated as (i) (a) the product of (1) Illustrative Price of Bitcoin, (2) the Illustrative mNAV and (3) the number of Bitcoin less (b) debt outstanding (assuming conversion of the Convertible Notes when appropriate) plus (c) cash, and divided by (ii) the pro forma number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock outstanding assuming no redemptions of Public Shares and including any shares related to the conversion of Convertible Notes when appropriate (being 346,489,560 without conversion of the Convertible Notes and 383,912,636 with conversion of the Convertible Notes).
(4) Assumes that the Convertible Notes are converted at $13.00 per share when the conversion price is lower than the Illustrative Share Price of Pubco Class A Stock. The conversion price is subject to adjustment at the Closing based on the Bitcoin Price as of the day before Closing.
Public Shareholders should carefully review this table, as well as the current price of Bitcoin, as part of their analysis in determining the potential value of their Public Shares and determining whether or not to redeem their Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination. Public Shareholders should also consider that if the price of Bitcoin at Closing is less than the Signing Bitcoin Price, then any Public Shareholders who choose not to redeem may receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are worth less than the redemption price they would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares.
For additional information, see the risk factors titled “Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock”, “We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements” and “The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board will not change its recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, except in limited situations.” and the section of this proxy statement/prospectus titled “CEP Board’s Reasons for the Approval of the Business Combination.”
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Neither CEP nor the CEP Shareholders will have the protection of any indemnification, escrow, price adjustment or other provisions that allow for a post-closing adjustment to be made to the total consideration for the Merger in the event that any of the representations and warranties in the Business Combination Agreement made by Pubco or Twenty One or any other party thereto ultimately proves to be inaccurate or incorrect.
The representations and warranties made by Pubco, CEP, Twenty One, CEP Merger Sub and the Sellers to each other in the Business Combination Agreement will not survive the Closing. As a result, CEP and the CEP Shareholders will not have the protection of any indemnification, escrow, price adjustment or other provisions that allow for a post-closing adjustment to be made to the total consideration for the Merger if any representation or warranty in the Business Combination Agreement made by Pubco, Twenty One or the Sellers proves to be inaccurate or incorrect. Accordingly, to the extent such representations or warranties are incorrect, CEP and the CEP Shareholders would have no indemnification claim with respect thereto and its financial condition or results of operations could be adversely affected.
The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders.
The Sponsor currently owns 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, including 2,500,000 CEP Founder Shares and 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares, which it purchased for $3,025,000 in the aggregate, comprised of the $25,000 purchase price for the CEP Founder Shares (or approximately $0.01 per share) and the $3,000,000 purchase price for the CEP Private Placement Shares (or $10.00 per share). Assuming a trading price of $10.00 per share upon consummation of the Business Combination, the 2,500,000 CEP Founder Shares would have an aggregate implied value of $25,000,000 and the 300,000 CEP Private Placement Shares would have an aggregate implied value of $3,000,000. Even if the trading price after Closing of shares of Pubco Class A Stock were to be as low as approximately $1.08 per share, the value of the CEP Founder Shares and CEP Private Placement Shares would be equal to the Sponsor’s initial investment in CEP of $3,025,000. Further, because of the anti-dilution protection set forth in the CEP Memorandum and Articles in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, as a result of the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to Equity PIPE Investors, the Sponsor is expected to receive additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon the conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the CEP Merger. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment even if the Public Shares lose significant value. Accordingly, the Sponsor, and CEP’s directors and officers who have an economic interest in the Sponsor, may have an economic incentive that differs from that of the Public Shareholders to pursue and consummate an initial business combination, including the Business Combination, rather than to liquidate and to return all of the cash in the Trust Account to the Public Shareholders, even if that business combination were with a riskier or less-established target business. This may have influenced the CEP management team’s motivation in identifying and selecting Twenty One as CEP’s acquisition target and seeking to consummate the Business Combination. For the foregoing reasons, Public Shareholders should consider the CEP management team’s financial incentive to complete the Business Combination when evaluating whether to redeem their Public Shares in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. See also “Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.”
The “net cash” per Public Share not being redeemed will be less than the redemption price.
Each Public Share not being redeemed will represent a “net cash” per share contribution equal to its pro rata share of the Trust Account by that Public Shareholder to Pubco (which, as of June 30, 2025, was approximately $10.57 which is the approximate redemption amount per Public Share based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event). This represents a higher contribution of net cash per share to Pubco than (i) the Equity PIPE Shares and the Merger Consideration Shares, which are being issued at $10.00 per share, (ii) the $25,000 that was contributed by the Sponsor to CEP in exchange for 2,500,000 CEP Founder Shares (equal to approximately $0.01 per share), and (iii) the shares being issued to the Sponsor as repayment for the Sponsor Loan (which are being issued at a price of $10.00 per share). Accordingly, assuming that the “net cash” per Public Share being contributed to Pubco reflects the cash being
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contributed at Closing by CEP to Pubco (i.e., the Trust Account balance net of redemptions, the amount funded by the Equity PIPE Investors and any cash balances of CEP outside of the Trust Account), the redemption price is expected to be greater than the net cash per share contributed by CEP to Pubco.
Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing of the Business Combination as a result of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, since the value of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, as well as a result of the issuance of the shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments.
The issuance of a significant number of shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and in connection with the PIPE Investments (including shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes) will dilute the equity interests of Public Shareholders in Pubco following the Business Combination and may adversely affect prevailing market prices for shares of Pubco Class A Stock.
In addition, the Sponsor acquired the CEP Founder Shares at a nominal price, also significantly contributing to this dilution. Further, because of the anti-dilution protection set forth in the CEP Memorandum and Articles in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, any equity or equity-linked securities issued by CEP in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPEs (excluding shares issued pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement) would be disproportionately dilutive to Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and (a) assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively; (b) assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that all Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers, (vii) SoftBank and (viii) the Convertible Note Investors, in each case, will own approximately 2.6%, 5.2%, 2.0%, 2.2%, 0%, 59.3%, 20.1% and 8.6% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7%, 25.3% and 0% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively; (c) assuming, among other things, that 75% of the Public Shares are redeemed upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 0.7%, 5.9%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 67.2% and 22.8% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively; and (d) assuming, among other things, that 75% of the Public Shares are redeemed upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that all Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock at $13.00 per share and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers, (vii) SoftBank and (viii) the Convertible Note Investors, in each case, will own approximately 0.7%, 5.3%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 0%, 60.5%, 20.5% and 8.7% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7%, 25.3% and 0% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
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These ownership percentage assume a $10.00 share price (other than the shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable to the June Equity PIPE Investors, which will be issued at $21.00 per share), and other assumptions set forth in the section entitled “Summary of the proxy statement/prospectus — Ownership of Pubco After the Transactions,” “Questions and Answers About the Proposals — What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?” in this proxy statement/prospectus. As such, Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing. For more information, see the section entitled “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Dilution.”
Additionally, future issuances of Pubco Class A Stock, including pursuant to the Incentive Plan, may significantly dilute the equity interests of Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares and may adversely affect prevailing market prices for Pubco Class A Stock.
Further, Pubco may also, from time to time in the future, issue additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock or securities convertible into Pubco Class A Stock pursuant to a variety of transactions, including acquisitions or other capital markets transactions. Issuing additional shares of its capital stock, other equity securities, or securities convertible into equity may dilute the economic and voting rights of Public Shareholders, reduce the market price of Pubco Class A Stock, or both. The Convertible Notes to be issued at Closing will be subject to adjustments in the conversion ratio, based on the difference between the Bitcoin Price as of signing of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements and as of the Closing, which may increase the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion, and any debt securities convertible into equity that Pubco may issue in the future may do so as well. Preference shares, if issued, could have a preference with respect to liquidating distributions or a preference with respect to dividend payments that could limit Pubco’s ability to pay dividends to the holders of Pubco Class A Stock. Pubco’s decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond its control, which may adversely affect the amount, timing or nature of its future offerings. As a result, holders of Pubco Stock upon the Closing, including Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares, will bear the risk that future offerings may reduce the market price of Pubco Class A Stock and dilute their percentage ownership further.
The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide, among other things, that the NTA of CEP or Pubco (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the Business Combination) must be at least $5,000,001. If the NTA Proposal is not approved, the parties may be unable to consummate the Business Combination if the NTA Condition is not met. In addition, it is possible that CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock could become subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC. Shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be “penny stock” may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq, the NYSE or other national securities exchange.
The CEP Memorandum and Articles currently provides that CEP may not redeem CEP Class A Ordinary Shares if the NTA Condition is not met. An inability to redeem the Class A Ordinary Shares would effectively prevent the consummation of the Business Combination. The purpose of this provision was to reduce the risk that CEP or Pubco securities would be deemed to be a “penny stock” pursuant to Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) under the Exchange Act. Otherwise, shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be penny stocks may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq. The NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. Failure to adopt the NTA Proposal does not necessarily mean that the Business Combination will not occur. However, CEP’s failure to adopt the NTA Proposal combined with the failure of CEP or Pubco to satisfy the NTA Condition (should all redemptions be honored) would prevent CEP from redeeming all Public Shares submitted for redemption, and thereby would prevent the consummation of the Business Combination.
Also, if CEP or Pubco securities become subject to the “penny stock” rules at any point prior to or after Closing, then the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock may be delisted from trading on a national securities exchange, and brokers trading in CEP or Pubco securities would be required to adhere to more stringent rules, including but not limited to enhanced disclosure and sales requirements. The “penny stock” rules are burdensome and may have the effect of reducing the purchases pursuant to any offerings and reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for the securities. If CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock are subject to the “penny stock” rules, Public Shareholders and Pubco shareholders may find it more difficult to sell their shares and, therefore, may be required to hold some or all of their shares for an indefinite period of time. The price of such securities may be volatile, and there can be no assurance that shareholders will be able to dispose of their securities at favorable prices, or at all.
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For more information relating to the risks of Pubco maintaining an exchange listing, see the risk factor entitled “— Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock Following the Business Combination — Currently, there is no public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Public Shareholders cannot be sure about whether the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop an active trading market or whether Pubco is able to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of Pubco Class A Stock and subject Pubco to additional trading restrictions.”
If Public Shareholders who wish to exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination fail to properly demand such redemption rights, they will not be entitled to convert their Public Shares into a pro rata portion of the Trust Account and will instead become shareholders of Pubco.
In connection with the Business Combination, Public Shareholders may demand that CEP redeem their Public Shares at the Closing in return for a pro rata portion of the funds available in the Trust Account, calculated as of two business days prior to the Closing Date. Public Shareholders who seek to exercise this redemption right must deliver their Public Shares (either physically or electronically) to CST prior to the vote at the Meeting. Any Public Shareholder who fails to properly demand redemption rights will not be entitled to redeem their Public Shares and receive a pro rata portion of the funds available in the Trust Account and will instead exchange their Public Shares for shares of Pubco Class A Stock and become shareholders of Pubco. See the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights” for the procedures to be followed.
Public Shareholders will not have any rights or interests in funds from the Trust Account except under certain limited circumstances, which includes in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. Therefore, for a Public Shareholder to liquidate their investment in CEP prior to such times, a Public Shareholder may be forced to sell their Public Shares in the open market, potentially at a loss.
Public Shareholders will be entitled to receive funds from the Trust Account only upon the earlier to occur of: (i) CEP’s completion of the Business Combination or another business combination if the Business Combination is not consummated, and then only in connection with those Public Shares that Public Shareholders have properly elected to redeem, subject to the limitations described herein, (ii) the redemption of Public Shares if CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, subject to applicable law and as further described herein, or (iii) in connection with an extension of the Combination Period. In no other circumstances will a Public Shareholder have any right or interest of any kind in the Trust Account. Accordingly, for a Public Shareholder to liquidate their investment in CEP prior to such times, a Public Shareholder may be forced to sell their Public Shares in the open market, potentially at a loss.
The ability of Public Shareholders to exercise redemption rights with respect to a large number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may reduce proceeds available to Pubco after Closing, reduce the public “float” of shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, reduce the liquidity of the trading market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, or make it difficult to obtain or maintain the quotation, listing or trading shares of Pubco Class A Stock on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, and consequently may not allow the parties to complete the Business Combination, or optimize Pubco’s capital structure following the Business Combination.
Public Shareholders may vote in favor of the Business Combination and still elect to redeem their shares. We do not know how many Public Shareholders may exercise their redemption rights in connection with the Business Combination. If a larger number of Public Shares are submitted for redemption than we initially expected, we may need to arrange for additional debt or equity financing to provide working capital to Pubco following the Closing. There can be no assurance that such debt or equity financing will be available to us if we need it or, if available, the terms will be satisfactory to us. Raising additional third-party financing may involve dilutive equity issuances or the incurrence of indebtedness at higher than desirable levels and may increase the probability that the Business Combination will be unsuccessful.
In such event, if adequate third-party financing is unavailable or only available on unreasonable terms, Pubco may not be able to maintain the listing of its securities on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange for lack of liquidity and may not have sufficient cash and liquidity to finance its operations as currently contemplated following the Business Combination.
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Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.
When Public Shareholders consider the recommendation of the CEP Board to vote in favor of each of the Proposals, including the Business Combination Proposal, they should consider that the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests in the Proposals that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders. The CEP Board was aware of and considered these interests, among other matters, in evaluating and negotiating the Business Combination and transaction agreements and in recommending to CEP Shareholders that they vote in favor of the Proposals presented at the Meeting, including the Business Combination Proposal. CEP Shareholders should take these interests into account in deciding whether to approve the Proposals. These interests include, among other things, the following.
• As of the date hereof, the Sponsor is the record holder of 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. The following persons have material interests in the Sponsor: Cantor is the sole member of the Sponsor. CFGM is the managing general partner of Cantor; and Howard W. Lutnick is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As of the date hereof, each of Cantor, CFGM and Howard W. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Further, on May 16, 2025, Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, entered into agreements to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM. Following the closing of the Cantor Sale Transaction, Brandon Lutnick will be deemed to have voting or dispositive power over the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, and Howard W. Lutnick will no longer have voting or dispositive power over such CEP Ordinary Shares. Further, Brandon Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Sponsor, Cantor and CFGM. As of the date hereof, other than Brandon Lutnick (as described above) and Danny Salinas (who has a minority limited partnership interest in Cantor), none of CEP’s other directors or executive officers has a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Sponsor and none of CEP’s directors or executive officers has beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor;
• The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, and $3,000,000, or $10.00 per share, for the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. As of September 2, 2025, the aggregate value of such shares is estimated to be approximately $63.6 million, assuming the per share value of the shares is the same as the $22.70 closing price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq on September 2, 2025. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment, even if shares of Pubco Class A Stock have lost significant value after the Closing. This means that the Sponsor could earn a positive rate of return on its investment, even if Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return in Pubco;
• The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor and purchased by the Sponsor for $3,025,000 will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated by CEP by the end of the Combination Period (as defined below);
• The Sponsor agreed that the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after CEP has completed a business combination and the Sponsor agreed that the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of (a) the one-year anniversary of CEP’s business combination and (b) the date on which the successor company completes certain material transactions that result in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, subject to in each case to certain exceptions; provided that at Closing, the Sponsor and CEP will enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter, to modify clause (a) from one year to six (6) months. These lock-ups will apply to the applicable shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor pursuant to the CEP Merger;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles contains an anti-dilution provision which adjusts the conversion ratio of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares upon their conversion to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon certain issuances of equity and equity-linked securities by CEP, which includes the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares
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to be issued in the Equity PIPEs, such that the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares represents 20% of all CEP Ordinary Shares that remain outstanding and are not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPE Shares (but excluding the CEP Private Placement Shares). As a result of the foregoing, depending on the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor’s 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into between 6,964,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if all Public Shares are redeemed) and 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if no Public Shares are redeemed). Pursuant the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPEs and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. Such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will then exchange into an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. The additional shares will be issued to the Sponsor for no additional consideration and a certain number of them will be exchanged for Exchange Notes;
• The Sponsor is a party to the Sponsor Support Agreement and immediately after the Closing will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement with Pubco. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to exchange the Exchange Shares for the Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. Assuming no redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and the issuance of 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the Equity PIPEs, of the 8,045,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that the Sponsor would receive in exchange for its Founder Shares (after forfeiting 1,419,182 shares in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 of such shares for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million. See “Questions and Answers about the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?” for further information about the Securities Exchange Agreement.
• CF&Co., an affiliate of the Sponsor and Cantor, is a party to the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which Pubco and CEP engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services, and the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as CEP’s exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising
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out of its engagement. In addition, CF&Co. previously entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
• Pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to purchase Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 at Closing (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes).
• The Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors have agreed not to redeem any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a proposed business combination, including the Business Combination;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as CEP; and (ii) CEP renounces any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and CEP, on the other. In the course of their other business activities, CEP’s officers and directors may have, or may become aware of, other investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to CEP as well as the other entities with which they are affiliated. CEP’s management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and if there is a conflict of interest in determining to which entity a particular business combination opportunity should be presented, any pre-existing fiduciary obligation will be presented the business combination opportunity before CEP is presented with it. CEP does not believe that the pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of its officers and directors materially impacted its search for an acquisition target;
• CEP has until the end of the Combination Period to consummate an initial business combination. If the Business Combination with Twenty One is not consummated and CEP does not consummate another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case above to CEP’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor would be worthless because the Sponsor has waived its right to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such CEP Ordinary Shares, and the Sponsor and CF&Co. will not receive any of the securities and fees described above;
• CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan to the Sponsor in respect of the loans the Sponsor has made, and will make, to CEP to fund CEP’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements. The Sponsor Loan does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination; provided that, at the Sponsor’s option, all or any portion of the amount outstanding under the Sponsor Loan may be converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. Otherwise, the Sponsor Loan would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan. If the Business Combination or another business combination is not consummated by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor Loan may not be repaid to the Sponsor, in whole or in part. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed that upon consummation of the Business Combination, all the amounts owed by CEP to it under the Sponsor Loan (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) will be repaid in the form of newly issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, rather than in cash, at a value of $10.00 per share;
• CEP has also issued the Sponsor Note (as further described under the heading “Information About CEP”) in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with each Redemption Event, such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares on such Redemption Event. The Sponsor Note does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination. Otherwise, the Sponsor Note would
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be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $0 outstanding under the Sponsor Note. The Sponsor Note, if drawn, will not be repaid to the extent that the amount of the Sponsor Note exceeds the amount of available proceeds not deposited in the Trust Account if a business combination is not completed;
• If CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to CEP if and to the extent of any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to CEP or by a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, in each case, reduce the amount of redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of the underwriters of the CEP IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and CEP’s public auditor;
• The Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing a business combination. If CEP does not complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP may not have the cash necessary to reimburse these expenses. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, none of the Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors or their affiliates has incurred any such expenses which would be reimbursed at the Closing; and
• CEP’s officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail policy for CEP’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for up to a six-year period from and after the Closing for events occurring prior to the Closing, which tail policy is to be paid for by Pubco at the Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination does not close, CEP’s officers and directors may not receive this tail insurance coverage.
Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are also party to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
For additional information, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.”
The existence of personal and financial interests of one or more of CEP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what he, she or they may believe is in the commercial interests of CEP and the Public Shareholders and what he or she may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that Public Shareholders vote for the Proposals. The personal and financial interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers may have influenced their motivation in identifying and selecting Twenty One as an acquisition target and completing the Business Combination. The absence of a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) exacerbates the possibility that these risks impacted the terms of the Business Combination Agreement.
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In addition, CF&Co. has performed, and will in the future perform, services for Tether and SoftBank for which it has or will receive compensation (as further described in the section entitled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions”).
CEP’s management determined that, in light of the potential conflicting interests described above with respect to the Sponsor and its affiliates, the independent directors of CEP should separately review and consider the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the Sponsor and its affiliates arising out of the Business Combination and the proposed terms in respect thereof. Accordingly, the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered such interests and, after taking into account the factors they deemed applicable (including the potential conflicting interests), both the CEP Audit Committee and the CEP Board unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
Nonetheless, in considering the recommendations of the CEP Board to vote for each of the Proposals, Public Shareholders should consider these interests. For additional information on the interests and relationships of the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers in the Business Combination, see “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.” See also “The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders.”
Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether or not to pursue the Business Combination. Consequently, CEP Shareholders have no assurance from an independent source that the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to the Sellers and CEP Shareholders in the Business Combination is fair to CEP — and, by extension, CEP Shareholders — from a financial point of view.
In considering the Business Combination, neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion from an independent investment banking firm or another independent firm that commonly renders opinions that the terms of the Business Combination are fair to CEP Shareholders from a financial point of view. In analyzing the Business Combination, the CEP Board reviewed summaries of financial analyses prepared by CF&Co., CEP’s financial advisor, and CEP management, including analyses regarding the potential impact of the price of Bitcoin and the illustrative enterprise value to Bitcoin market value multiple on Pubco’s share price. The CEP Board also consulted with its financial and legal advisors and with CEP management and considered a number of factors, uncertainty and risks, including, but not limited to, those discussed under “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination,” and concluded that the Business Combination was in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders. The CEP Board believes that because of the professional experience and background of its directors, it was qualified to conclude that the Business Combination was fair from a financial perspective to CEP Shareholders and that the fair market value of the business or assets to be acquired in the Business Combination was at least 80% of the value of the Trust Account as of the day before execution of the Business Combination Agreement (excluding taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account). Accordingly, investors will be relying solely on the judgment of the CEP Board in valuing Twenty One, and the CEP Board may not have properly valued such businesses. As a result, the terms may not be fair from a financial point of view to CEP Shareholders. The lack of a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) may also lead to an increased number of Public Shareholders to vote against the Business Combination or demand redemption of their Public Shares, which could potentially impact CEP’s ability to consummate the Business Combination. For information about the standards used by the CEP Board in evaluating the Business Combination, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Background of the Business Combination.”
The parties to the Business Combination Agreement may waive one or more of the conditions to the Business Combination or certain of the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement.
The parties to the Business Combination Agreement may agree to waive, in whole or in part, some of the conditions to the obligations to consummate the Business Combination or certain of the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, to the extent permitted by the CEP Memorandum and Articles, the PIPE
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Subscription Agreements and applicable laws. For example, it is a condition to CEP’s obligations to consummate the Business Combination that certain of Pubco’s, Twenty One’s and the Sellers’ representations and warranties are true and correct in all respects as of the Closing, subject to the materiality exceptions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement. However, if the CEP Board determines that it is in the best interest of CEP to waive any such breach, then the CEP Board may elect to waive that condition and consummate the Business Combination; provided that no party is able to waive the condition that CEP Shareholders approve the Business Combination Proposal.
CEP’s directors and officers will have discretion on whether to agree to changes or waivers in the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, and their interests in exercising that discretion may conflict with those of the CEP Shareholders.
In the period leading up to the Closing, events may occur that, pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, would require CEP to agree to amend the Business Combination Agreement, to consent to certain actions taken by Pubco or Twenty One or to waive or exercise rights that CEP is entitled to under the Business Combination Agreement. Such events could arise because of a request by Pubco or Twenty One to undertake actions that would otherwise be prohibited by the terms of the Business Combination Agreement or the occurrence of other events that would have a material adverse effect on Pubco’s expected business strategy and would entitle CEP to terminate the Business Combination Agreement. In any of such circumstances, it would be at CEP’s discretion, acting through the CEP Board, to grant its consent or waive those rights.
The existence of the financial and personal interests of one or more of the directors of CEP described in the preceding risk factors (and as described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus) may result in a conflict of interest on the part of one or more of the directors between such director’s potential beliefs in what is best for CEP and such director’s potential beliefs in what is best for himself or herself in determining whether or not to take the requested action.
In the event that CEP, Pubco, Twenty One and the other parties to the Business Combination Agreement authorize an amendment to the Business Combination Agreement that does not require further approval by CEP Shareholders, CEP will inform CEP Shareholders of such amendment by press release and other public communication. In the event that CEP, Pubco, Twenty One and the other parties to the Business Combination Agreement authorize an amendment to the Business Combination Agreement that requires further approval by CEP Shareholders, to the extent this proxy statement/prospectus has been mailed to CEP Shareholders, a proxy supplement or an amended proxy statement/prospectus would be delivered to CEP Shareholders, and proxies would be re-solicited for approval of such amendment.
CEP Shareholders who are not affiliated with the Sponsor may be exposed to greater risk as a result of becoming shareholders of Pubco through the Business Combination rather than acquiring shares of Pubco Class A Stock directly in an underwritten public offering as a result of the differences between the two transaction structures, including that the Business Combination did not involve an independent due diligence review by an underwriter and that the Sponsor has conflicts of interest in connection with the Business Combination.
Because there is no independent third-party underwriter involved in the Business Combination or the issuance of Pubco Stock in connection therewith, investors will not receive the benefit of any outside independent review of the respective finances and operations of CEP and Pubco. Underwritten public offerings of securities conducted by a licensed broker-dealer are subjected to a due diligence review by the underwriter or dealer manager to satisfy statutory duties under the Securities Act, the rules of Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. and the national securities exchange where such securities are listed. Additionally, underwriters or dealer-managers conducting such public offerings are subject to liability for any material misstatements or omissions in a registration statement filed in connection with the public offering. As no such review will be conducted in connection with the Business Combination, CEP Shareholders must rely on the information in this proxy statement/prospectus and will not have the benefit of an independent review and investigation of the type normally performed by an independent underwriter in a public security offering.
If Pubco became a public company through an underwritten public offering, the underwriters would be subject to liability under Section 11 of the Securities Act for material misstatements and omissions in the initial public offering registration statement. In general, an underwriter is able to avoid liability under Section 11 if it can prove that, it “had, after reasonable investigation, reasonable ground to believe and did believe, at the time the registration statement became effective, that the statements therein (other than the audited financial statements) were true and that there was no omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.” In order to fulfill its duty to conduct a “reasonable investigation,” an underwriter will, in addition to conducting a significant amount of due diligence on its own, usually require that an issuer’s independent registered
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public accounting firm provide a comfort letter with respect to certain numbers included in the registration statement and will require the law firm for the issuer to include in its legal opinion to the underwriters a statement that such counsel is not aware of any material misstatements or omissions in the initial public offering registration statement (“Counsel Negative Assurance Statements”). Auditor comfort letters and Counsel Negative Assurance Statements are generally not required in connection with private companies going public through a merger with a SPAC, such as CEP, and no auditor comfort letters or Counsel Negative Assurance Statements have been requested or obtained in connection with the Business Combination or the preparation of this proxy statement/prospectus.
In addition, the amount of due diligence conducted by CEP and its advisors in connection with the Business Combination may not be as great as would have been undertaken by an underwriter in connection with an initial public offering of Pubco. Accordingly, it is possible that defects in Twenty One’s business or problems with Twenty One’s management that would have been discovered if Pubco conducted an underwritten public offering will not be discovered in connection with the Business Combination, which could adversely affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Unlike an underwritten initial public offering, the initial trading of Pubco Class A Stock will not benefit from the book-building process undertaken by underwriters that helps to inform efficient price discovery with respect to opening trades of newly listed shares and underwriter support to help stabilize, maintain or affect the public price of the new issue immediately after listing. The lack of such a process in connection with the listing of Pubco Class A Stock on applicable national securities exchange could result in diminished investor demand, inefficiencies in pricing and a more volatile public price for Pubco Class A Stock during the period immediately following the listing.
Furthermore, the Sponsor and CEP’s and Pubco’s directors and officers have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders. Such interests may have influenced the CEP Board in making their recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the Business Combination Proposal and the other Proposals. In addition, in the event the Business Combination is completed, the value of the CEP Founder Shares will be significantly greater than the amount the Sponsor paid to purchase such shares, even if after consummation of the Business Combination the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock materially declines. See “Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed” and the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” and “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of Pubco’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.” See also “The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders.”
If CEP is deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, CEP may be required to institute burdensome compliance requirements and its activities may be restricted, which may make it difficult for CEP to complete the Business Combination.
The SEC’s adopting release with respect to the 2024 SPAC Rules provided guidance relating to the potential status of SPACs as investment companies subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act and the regulations thereunder. Whether a SPAC is an investment company is dependent on specific facts and circumstances and CEP can give no assurance that a claim will not be made that CEP has been operating as an unregistered investment company. See also “— Regulatory changes classifying Bitcoin as a “security” could lead to Pubco’s classification as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act and could adversely affect the market price of Bitcoin and the market price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock.”
If CEP is deemed to be an investment company under the Investment Company Act, CEP’s activities may be restricted, including (i) restrictions on the nature of its investments; and (ii) restrictions on the issuance of securities, each of which may make it difficult for CEP to complete the Business Combination. In addition, CEP may have to impose
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burdensome requirements, including: (i) registration as an investment company; (ii) adoption of a specific form of corporate structure; and (iii) reporting, record keeping, voting, proxy and disclosure requirements and other rules and regulations.
In order not to be regulated as an investment company under the Investment Company Act, unless CEP can qualify for an exclusion, CEP must ensure that it is engaged primarily in a business other than investing, reinvesting or trading in securities and that its activities do not include investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading “investment securities” constituting more than 40% of its total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis. CEP is mindful of the SEC’s investment company definition and guidance and does not intend to complete an initial business combination with an investment company, or to acquire minority interests in other businesses or “investment securities” exceeding the permitted threshold.
To mitigate the risk that its business activities will subject CEP to the Investment Company Act, CEP’s proceeds held in the Trust Account have only been invested in U.S. government treasury obligations with a maturity of 185 days or less or in any open-ended investment company that holds itself out as money market funds selected by CEP meeting certain conditions of paragraphs (d)(2), (d)(3) and (d)(4) of Rule 2a-7 under the Investment Company Act, which invest only in direct U.S. government treasury obligations. The holding of the assets in the Trust Account in this form is intended to be temporary and for the sole purpose of facilitating the Business Combination or another business combination. To mitigate the risk that CEP might be deemed to be an investment company for purposes of the Investment Company Act, which risk increases the longer that CEP holds investments in the Trust Account, CEP may, at any time, instruct CST, as trustee of the Trust Account, to liquidate the investments held in the Trust Account and instead to hold the funds in the Trust Account in cash or in an interest bearing demand deposit account at a bank. CEP’s cash if held in these accounts may exceed any applicable FDIC insurance limits. Should events, including limited liquidity, defaults, non-performance or other adverse developments occur with respect to the banks or other financial institutions that hold CEP’s funds, or that affect financial institutions or the financial services industry generally, or concerns or rumors about any events of these kinds or other similar risks, the value of the assets in the Trust Account could be impaired, which could have a material impact on CEP’s operating results, liquidity, financial condition and prospects. For example, on March 10, 2023, the FDIC announced that Silicon Valley Bank had been closed by the California Department of Financial Protection and Innovation. CEP cannot guarantee that the banks or other financial institutions that will hold CEP’s funds will not experience similar issues in the future.
Pursuant to the investment management trust agreement between CEP and CST, CST is not permitted to invest in securities or assets other than as described above. By restricting the investment of the proceeds to these instruments, and by having a business plan targeted at acquiring and growing businesses for the long term (rather than on buying and selling businesses in the manner of a merchant bank or private equity fund), CEP intends to avoid being deemed an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act. The CEP IPO was not intended for persons who were seeking a return on investments in government securities or investment securities. The Trust Account is intended solely as a temporary depository for funds pending the earliest to occur of: (i) the completion of the Business Combination or another business combination; (ii) the redemption of any Public Shares properly submitted in connection with a shareholder vote to amend the CEP Memorandum and Articles (x) in a manner that would affect the substance or timing of its obligation to redeem 100% of the Public Shares if CEP does not complete the Business Combination or another business combination by the end of the Combination Period; or (y) with respect to any other provision relating to the rights of Public Shareholders or pre-business combination activity; or (iii) absent the consummation of a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, return of the funds held in the Trust Account to Public Shareholders as part of CEP’s redemption of the Public Shares.
CEP is aware of litigation claiming that certain SPACs should be considered to be investment companies. Although CEP believes that these claims are without merit, CEP cannot guarantee that it will not be deemed to be an investment company and thus subject to the Investment Company Act. Notwithstanding CEP’s investment activities or the mitigation measures included herein, CEP could still be deemed to be or have been an investment company at any time since the IPO.
If CEP were deemed to be subject to the Investment Company Act, compliance with these additional regulatory burdens would require additional expenses for which CEP has not allotted funds and may hinder its ability to complete the Business Combination or may result in its liquidation. If CEP is unable to complete the Business Combination or any other business combination, Public Shareholders may only receive approximately $10.57 per share on the liquidation of the Trust Account (which is the approximate amount per Public Share based on the Trust Account
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balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event), and Public Shareholders would also lose the possibility of an investment opportunity in Pubco or another potential business combination.
CEP has engaged CF&Co., who is an affiliate of the Sponsor, to act as its financial advisor in connection with the Business Combination, and CEP and Pubco have engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Investments. CEP also previously engaged CF&Co. in connection with the CEP IPO pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement. The Sponsor may therefore have additional financial interests in the completion of the Business Combination.
CEP has engaged CF&Co., who is an affiliate of the Sponsor, to act as its financial advisor in connection with the Business Combination pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter and also previously engaged CF&Co. pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement in connection with the CEP IPO. CF&Co. is not entitled to any financial advisory fee pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter and is entitled to a $3.5 million fee at Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement. CEP and Pubco have engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Investments pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, each of CEP and Pubco have agreed to pay CF&Co. a customary placement agent fee in an amount that constitutes a market standard placement agent fee for comparable transactions, and which payment is only made upon completion of the PIPE Investments, which requires completion of the Business Combination. Specifically, CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co. For more information, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Compensation Received by the Sponsor.”
Therefore, the Sponsor may have additional financial interests in the completion of the Business Combination. These financial interests tied to the consummation of the Business Combination may have given rise to potential or actual conflicts of interest and may have influenced the advice that CF&Co. provided to CEP as its financial advisor, which advice could contribute to CEP’s decision in connection with the sourcing and consummation of an initial business combination.
Members of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board have significant experience as founders, board members, officers, executives or employees of other companies. Certain of those persons, as well as CEP’s affiliates, have been, may be, or may become, involved in litigation, investigations or other proceedings, including related to those companies or otherwise. The defense or prosecution of these matters could be time-consuming and could divert CEP management’s attention, and may have an adverse effect on CEP, which may impede CEP’s ability to consummate the Business Combination.
During the course of their careers, members of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board have had significant experience as founders, board members, officers, executives or employees of other companies. As a result of their involvement and positions in these companies, certain of those persons, as well as certain of CEP’s affiliates, have been, may be or may in the future become involved in litigation, investigations or other proceedings, including relating to the business affairs of such companies, transactions entered into by such companies, or otherwise. Individual
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members of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board also may become involved in litigation, investigations or other proceedings involving claims or allegations related to or as a result of their personal conduct, either in their capacity as a corporate officer or director or otherwise, and may be personally named in such actions and potentially subject to personal liability. For example, the directors of CFAC II, a SPAC sponsored by an affiliate of Cantor, (i) were named as defendants in a class action filed in the Northern District of California alleging violation of federal securities laws in connection with disclosures related to the March 2021 business combination between CFAC II and View, Inc. (“View”), which case has settled in principle and the settlement has been submitted for court approval, and (ii) were named as defendants in a class action filed in the Delaware Court of Chancery alleging breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the business combination between CFAC II and View which was settled and dismissed by the court in December 2024. Further, in December 2024, Cantor, without admitting or denying the underlying allegations, settled with payment of a $6.75 million penalty a matter with the SEC whereby the SEC alleged that the initial public offering and business combination registration statements and proxy statements of each of CFAC II and CFAC V, a SPAC sponsored by an affiliate of Cantor, contained misstatements regarding whether the respective SPACs had engaged in “substantive discussions” with potential targets prior to the date of their respective initial public offerings, which statements the SEC staff alleged Cantor caused the issuers to make. Any liability from such proceedings may or may not be covered by insurance and/or indemnification, depending on the facts and circumstances. The defense or prosecution of these matters could be time-consuming. Any litigation, investigations or other proceedings and the potential outcomes of such actions may divert the attention and resources of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board away from the Business Combination and may negatively affect CEP’s reputation.
Changes in laws or regulations (including the adoption of policies by governing administrations), or a failure to comply with any laws and regulations, may adversely affect CEP’s business, including CEP’s ability to complete the Business Combination.
CEP is subject to laws and regulations enacted by national, regional and local governments. These governing bodies may seek to change laws and regulations, as well as adopt new policies, including tariffs and other economic policies, that could negatively impact CEP or Pubco. CEP is also required to comply with certain SEC and other legal requirements and numerous complex tax laws. Compliance with, and monitoring of, applicable laws and regulations may be difficult, time consuming and costly. Those laws and regulations and their interpretation and application may also change from time to time and those changes could have a material adverse effect on CEP’s business, investments and results of operations. In addition, a failure to comply with applicable laws or regulations, as interpreted and applied, could have a material adverse effect on CEP’s business.
On January 24, 2024, the SEC adopted the 2024 SPAC Rules which became effective on July 1, 2024, requiring, among other items, (i) additional disclosures relating to SPAC sponsors and related persons; (ii) additional disclosures relating to SPAC business combination transactions; (iii) additional disclosures relating to dilution and to conflicts of interest involving sponsors and their affiliates in both SPAC initial public offerings and business combination transactions; (iv) additional disclosures regarding projections included in SEC filings in connection with proposed business combination transactions; and (v) the requirement that both the SPAC and its acquisition target be co-registrants for business combination registration statements.
In addition, the SEC’s adopting release provided the SPAC Guidance describing circumstances in which a SPAC could become subject to regulation under the Investment Company Act, including its duration, asset composition, business purpose and the activities of the SPAC and its management team in furtherance of such goals.
Compliance with the 2024 SPAC Rules and the SPAC Guidance may increase the costs of, and the time needed to complete, the Business Combination.
If the Business Combination is not approved and CEP does not consummate another initial business combination by the end of the Combination Period, then the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares will become worthless and the expenses it has incurred will not be reimbursed. These interests may have influenced its decision to approve the Business Combination.
The Sponsor beneficially owns the CEP Founder Shares and CEP Private Placement Shares that it purchased for an aggregate of $3,025,000 prior to, or simultaneously with, the CEP IPO, and the Sponsor has no redemption rights with respect to these CEP Ordinary Shares. Additionally, CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan for up to $1,750,000 in borrowings, of which $645,543 was outstanding as of June 30, 2025, and may borrow up to an additional $1,500,000
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from Sponsor under the Sponsor Note in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with a Redemption Event. If the Business Combination with Pubco or another business combination is not completed by the end of the Combination Period, these securities will be worthless, and CEP would be unlikely to be able to repay any such borrowings. Certain directors and executive officers of CEP have an indirect economic interests in the Sponsor and accordingly, they may have an incentive to pursue and consummate an initial business combination, even if that business combination were with an acquisition target or on terms less favorable to Public Shareholders than liquidation. See also “The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders.”
In addition, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying and investigating possible acquisition targets and business combinations. These expenses will be repaid upon completion of the Business Combination with Pubco. However, if CEP fails to consummate the Business Combination or another initial business combination, they will not have any claim against the Trust Account for repayment or reimbursement. Accordingly, CEP may not be able to repay or reimburse these amounts if the Business Combination is not completed. As of June 30, 2025, no such amounts had been incurred by any of CEP’s officers, directors or their affiliates.
For additional information, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.”
These financial interests may have influenced the decision of CEP’s directors to approve the Business Combination with Pubco and to continue to pursue such Business Combination. In considering the recommendations of the CEP Board to vote for each of the Proposals, CEP Shareholders should consider these interests.
If third parties bring claims against CEP, the proceeds held in the Trust Account could be reduced and the per-share redemption amount received by Public Shareholders could be less than $10.57 per share (based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event).
CEP’s placing of funds in the Trust Account may not protect those funds from third-party claims against us. Although CEP will seek to have all vendors, service providers, prospective acquisition targets and other entities with which CEP does business execute agreements waiving any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies held in the Trust Account for the benefit of the Public Shareholders, such parties may not execute such agreements, or even if they execute such agreements they may not be prevented from bringing claims against the Trust Account, including, but not limited to, fraudulent inducement, breach of fiduciary responsibility or other similar claims, as well as claims challenging the enforceability of the waiver, in each case in order to gain advantage with respect to a claim against CEP’s assets, including the funds held in the Trust Account. If any third party refuses to execute an agreement waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account, CEP’s management will perform an analysis of the alternatives available to it and will only enter into an agreement with a third party that has not executed a waiver if management believes that such third party’s engagement would be significantly more beneficial to CEP than any alternative. WithumSmith+Brown, PC, CEP’s independent registered public accounting firm and the underwriters in the CEP IPO have not executed and will not execute an agreement with CEP waiving such claims to the monies held in the Trust Account.
Examples of possible instances where CEP may engage a third party that refuses to execute a waiver include the engagement of a third-party consultant whose particular expertise or skills are believed by CEP’s management to be significantly superior to those of other consultants that would agree to execute a waiver or in cases where CEP’s management is unable to find a service provider willing to execute a waiver. In addition, there is no guarantee that such entities will agree to waive any claims they may have in the future as a result of, or arising out of, any negotiations, contracts or agreements with CEP and will not seek recourse against the Trust Account for any reason. Upon redemption of the Public Shares, if CEP is unable to complete the Business Combination or another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, or upon the exercise of a redemption right in connection with the
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Business Combination or another business combination, CEP will be required to provide for payment of claims of creditors that were not waived that may be brought against CEP within the 10 years following redemption. Accordingly, the per-share redemption amount received by public shareholders could be less than the $10.57 redemption price as of June 30, 2025, due to claims of such creditors.
Pursuant to the Insider Letter, the Sponsor has agreed that it will be liable to CEP if and to the extent any claims by a third party (other than CEP’s independent registered public accounting firm and the underwriters in the CEP IPO) for services rendered or products sold to CEP, or a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, reduce the redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the assets in the Trust Account, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the Sponsor Note, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of its underwriters in connection with the IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. However, CEP has not asked the Sponsor to reserve for such indemnification obligations, nor has CEP independently verified whether the Sponsor has sufficient funds to satisfy its indemnity obligations and believes that the Sponsor’s only assets are CEP Ordinary Shares. Therefore, CEP cannot assure Public Shares that the Sponsor would be able to satisfy those obligations. None of CEP’s officers or directors will indemnify CEP for claims by third parties including, without limitation, claims by vendors and prospective acquisition targets.
Additionally, if CEP is forced to file a bankruptcy case or an involuntary bankruptcy case is filed against it which is not dismissed, or if CEP otherwise enters compulsory or court supervised liquidation, the proceeds held in the Trust Account could be subject to applicable bankruptcy law and may be included in its bankruptcy estate and subject to the claims of third parties with priority over the claims of the Public Shareholders. To the extent any bankruptcy claims deplete the Trust Account, CEP may not be able to return to its Public Shareholders $10.57 per share (which is the approximate amount per Public Share based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event).
CEP Shareholders may be held liable for claims by third parties against CEP to the extent of distributions received by them.
If CEP is unable to complete the Business Combination with Twenty One or another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will (i) cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, (ii) as promptly as reasonably possible, but not more than ten (10) business days thereafter, redeem 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares, at a per-share price, payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to CEP to pay its taxes, divided by the number of then issued and outstanding Public Shares, which redemption will completely extinguish Public Shareholders’ rights as shareholders (including the right to receive further liquidation distributions, if any), subject to applicable law, and (iii) as promptly as reasonably possible following such redemption, subject to the approval of CEP’s remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolve and liquidate, subject (in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above) to its obligations under Cayman Islands laws to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. CEP cannot assure Public Shareholders that it will properly assess all claims that may be potentially brought against CEP.
If CEP is forced to enter into an insolvent liquidation, any distributions received by CEP Shareholders could be viewed as an unlawful payment if it was proved that immediately following the date on which the distribution was made, CEP’s liabilities exceeded its assets, or it was unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. As a result, a liquidator could seek to recover all amounts received by CEP Shareholders. Furthermore, CEP’s directors may be viewed as having breached their fiduciary duties to CEP or CEP’s creditors and/or may have acted in bad faith, thereby exposing themselves and CEP to claims, by paying Public Shareholders from the Trust Account prior to addressing the claims of creditors. There is no assurance that claims will not be brought against CEP for these reasons. CEP and its directors and officers who knowingly and willfully authorized or permitted any distribution to be paid out of the Trust Account while CEP was unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business would be guilty of an offense and may be liable to a fine of $18,292.68 and to imprisonment for five years in the Cayman Islands.
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CEP’s directors may decide not to enforce the indemnification obligations of the Sponsor, resulting in a reduction in the amount of funds in the Trust Account available for distribution to the Public Shareholders.
In the event that the proceeds in the Trust Account are reduced below the lesser of (i) $10.00 per share and (ii) the actual amount per share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the assets in the Trust Account, in each case net of the interest which may be withdrawn to pay taxes, and the Sponsor asserts that it is unable to satisfy its obligations or that it has no indemnification obligations related to a particular claim, CEP’s independent directors would determine whether to take legal action against the Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations.
While CEP currently expects that its independent directors would take legal action on CEP’s behalf against the Sponsor to enforce its indemnification obligations to CEP, it is possible that CEP’s independent directors in exercising their business judgment and subject to their fiduciary duties may choose not to do so in any particular instance if, for example, the cost of such legal action is deemed by the independent directors to be too high relative to the amount recoverable or if the independent directors determine that a favorable outcome is not likely. If CEP’s independent directors choose not to enforce these indemnification obligations, the amount of funds in the Trust Account and the amount funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note available for distribution to the Public Shareholders may be reduced below $10.57 per share (which is the approximate amount per Public Share based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event).
CEP may not have sufficient funds to satisfy indemnification claims of its directors and officers.
CEP has agreed to indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law. However, its officers and directors have agreed to waive any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in the Trust Account and to not seek recourse against the Trust Account for any reason whatsoever. Accordingly, any indemnification provided will be able to be satisfied by CEP only if (i) CEP has sufficient funds outside of the Trust Account or (ii) CEP consummates the Business Combination or another business combination. CEP’s obligation to indemnify its officers and directors may discourage CEP Shareholders from bringing a lawsuit against its officers or directors for breach of their fiduciary duty. These provisions also may have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against its officers and directors, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise benefit CEP and the CEP Shareholders. Furthermore, a CEP Shareholder’s investment may be adversely affected to the extent CEP pays the costs of settlement and damage awards against its officers and directors pursuant to these indemnification provisions.
Following the Business Combination, Pubco’s business activities may be subject to review or approval by regulatory authorities pursuant to certain U.S. or foreign laws or regulations.
Certain business activities are subject to review or approval by regulatory authorities pursuant to certain U.S. or foreign laws or regulations. In the event that such regulatory approval or clearance is not obtained, or such approval or clearance are subject to conditions that are not acceptable to us, we may not be able to engage in such activities.
Among other things, the offering of certain financial products may be subject to state, federal or foreign laws or regulations. U.S. or foreign laws or regulations may also affect our ability to acquire interests in other businesses. In the United States, certain mergers that may affect competition may require filings and review by the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission, and investments or acquisitions that may affect national security are subject to review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (“CFIUS”). CFIUS is an interagency committee authorized to review certain transactions involving foreign investment in the United States by foreign persons in order to determine the effect of such transactions on the national security of the United States.
The Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have entered into letter agreements with CEP, and the Sponsor has entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement with CEP and Pubco, in each case, which requires them to vote in favor of the Business Combination, regardless of how the Public Shareholders vote.
The Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have entered into letter agreements with CEP, including the Insider Letter, and the Sponsor has entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement with CEP and Pubco, pursuant to which, among other things, they have agreed to vote all of their CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of any proposed business
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combination, except that any Public Shares that they may purchase in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor owns approximately 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares.
To pass, each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). To pass, each of the Merger Proposal and the NTA Proposal requires a special resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). CEP Shareholders are also being asked to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Although the CEP Board is asking CEP Shareholders to approve each of the Organizational Documents Proposals on the non-binding advisory basis, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved.
As a result, with respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting) and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting) to be voted in favor of the Business Combination Proposal in order to have the Business Combination approved.
With respect to each Proposals that require approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting) and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting) to be voted in favor of the Business Combination Proposal in order to have the Business Combination approved.
Accordingly, the agreement by the Sponsor to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of the Business Combination increases the likelihood that CEP will receive the requisite CEP Shareholder approval for the Business Combination.
Because CEP is seeking to obtain shareholder approval of the Business Combination, the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers and their respective affiliates may elect to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, subject to any limitations under Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act, which may influence the vote on the Business Combination and reduce the public “float” of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
CEP is seeking to obtain shareholder approval of the Business Combination. Subject to compliance with applicable securities laws, including Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act, the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers and their affiliates may purchase Public Shares in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market prior to the record date of the Meeting, although they are under no obligation or duty to do so.
Any such purchases shall be effected at a price per share no higher than the amount per share a Public Shareholder would receive if it elected to have its Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase Public Shares in such transactions. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgment that such shareholder, although still the record holder of Public Shares is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or any of their affiliates purchase Public Shares in privately negotiated transactions from Public Shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their Public Shares. It is intended that, if Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act would apply to such purchases, then such purchases will comply with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, to the extent it applies, which provides a safe harbor for purchases made under certain conditions, including with respect to timing, pricing and volume of purchases. Any such purchases, together with the CEP Ordinary Shares currently owned by the Sponsor, could influence the vote on the Business Combination or otherwise result in the completion of the Business Combination that may not otherwise have been possible.
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Additionally, at any time at or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material non-public information), the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers and their affiliates may enter into transactions with investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire Public Shares or not to elect to have their Public Shares redeemed. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase public shares in such transactions.
If such purchases are made, the public “float” of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of Public Shares on NYSE, Nasdaq or another securities exchange. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such reporting requirements.
Additionally, in the event the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates were to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, such purchases would be structured in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act to the extent such rule is applicable including, in pertinent part, through adherence to the following:
• CEP would disclose in this proxy statement/prospectus the possibility that the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates may Public Shares from Public Shareholders outside the redemption process, along with the purpose of such purchases;
• if the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates were to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, they would do so at a price no higher than the price offered through the redemption process;
• CEP would include in this proxy statement/prospectus a representation that any of the Public Shares purchased by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination;
• the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates would either not possess any redemption rights with respect to such Public Shares or they would waive such rights; and
• CEP would disclose in a Form 8-K filed prior to the Extraordinary General Meeting, the following items, to the extent material:
• the amount of Public Shares purchased outside of the redemption offer by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates, along with the average purchase price;
• the purpose of the purchases by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates;
• the impact, if any, of the purchases by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates on the likelihood that the Business Combination will be approved at the Extraordinary General Meeting;
• the identities of the CEP Shareholders who sold Public Shares to the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates s (if not purchased in the open market) or the nature of the CEP Shareholders (e.g., 5% shareholders) who sold Public Shares to the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates; and
• the number of Public Shares for which CEP has received redemption requests pursuant to its redemption offer as of a date shortly prior to the filing date of the Form 8-K.
CEP, Twenty One, Tether and SoftBank will incur transaction costs in connection with the Business Combination.
Each of the parties to the Business Combination Agreement has incurred and expects that it will incur significant, non-recurring costs in connection with the consummation of the Business Combination. Pubco may also incur additional costs to retain key employees. CEP and Pubco will also incur significant legal, financial advisor, accounting, banking and consulting fees, fees relating to regulatory filings and notices, SEC filing fees, printing and mailing fees and other costs associated with the Business Combination. CEP, Pubco, Tether and SoftBank estimate that they will incur approximately $42.3 million in aggregate transaction costs. As preliminary estimates, CEP expects to incur approximately $9.8 million in transaction costs (assuming that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination); and Pubco expects to incur approximately $19.2 million of estimated
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transaction costs for placement agent, legal, accounting, and advisory fees incurred as part of the Business Combination; Tether and SoftBank expect to incur $10.8 million and $2.5 million in transaction costs, respectively. Some of these costs are payable regardless of whether the Business Combination is completed.
Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock Following the Business Combination.
Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank, whose interests may conflict with yours, can individually exercise significant influence over Pubco. You will have no voting rights of Pubco Class A Stock except as required by the TBOC and the concentrated ownership of Pubco Stock may prevent you and other shareholders from influencing significant decisions in the very limited circumstances in which the TBOC will give you the right to vote and may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for Pubco Stock, and that may adversely affect the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Upon the Closing, assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each beneficially own approximately (i) 48.6%, 17.1% and 22.3%, respectively, of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, assuming no redemption of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, or (ii) 50.0%, 17.7%, 22.9%, respectively, of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the maximum redemption scenario, assuming 100% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination. Further, only Pubco Class B Stock will have voting rights at Pubco and all shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be owned by Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank. For so long as Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank hold large shares of the voting interests of Pubco through their ownership of Pubco Class B Stock, they will each individually have the ability to significantly influence decision-making with respect to Pubco’s business direction and policies.
Pubco Class B Stock will not be transferable by Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank, other than as permitted under the Amended and Restated Bylaws. However, the Proposed Organizational Documents of Pubco will provide that the shares of Pubco Class B Stock shall be canceled pro rata upon any transfer of shares of Pubco Class A Stock by Tether, Bitfinex or SoftBank to any third party (other than their respective Affiliates). Transfers of Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to the provision of the Lock-Up Agreements that Pubco will enter into at Closing, pursuant to which Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will agree not to, subject to certain exceptions, transfer its shares of Pubco Stock for a period of six months, which may be extended pursuant to the terms of such Lock-Up Agreements, after the Closing. The shares of Pubco Class A Stock shall acquire full voting rights upon cancellation of all shares of Pubco Class B Stock. Pubco cannot predict when Pubco Class A Stock may gain voting rights, if at all.
Tether and SoftBank are also entitled to board designation rights under the Proposed Organizational Documents. Matters over which Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank may individually, directly or indirectly, exercise significant influence following the Closing include: (i) the election of the directors on the Pubco Board; (ii) business combinations and other merger transactions requiring shareholder approval, including proposed transactions that would result in Pubco’s shareholders receiving a premium price for their shares; (iii) amendments to the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter, (iv) increases or decreases in the size of the Pubco Board and (v) the other matters identified as 20% Reserved Matters and 10% Reserved Matters. Such concentrated control may prevent or discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or offers for Pubco Stock that you may feel are in your best interest as one of Pubco’s shareholders. As a result, such concentrated control may adversely affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
Tether and Bitfinex, through their voting control of Pubco, are in a position to control actions that require shareholder approval and may make decisions that are adverse to other shareholders.
At Closing, Tether will own approximately 55.2% of the outstanding Pubco Class B Stock, and Bitfinex will own approximately 19.5% of the outstanding Pubco Class B Stock, based on the assumptions set forth elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus. As a result, Tether and Bitfinex will have the ability to exercise control over certain decisions requiring shareholder approval, including the election of directors, amendments to the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and approval of significant corporate transactions, such as a merger or other sale of Pubco or our assets. In addition, the Pubco Board will consist of seven persons, including four directors designated by Tether, although two of them will be required to qualify as independent directors under the rules of Nasdaq or any other national securities
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exchange. Accordingly, Tether and Bitfinex will have significant influence over us and our decisions, including the appointment of management and any other action requiring a vote of the Pubco Board. In addition, this concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change in control of us and may negatively affect the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.
At Closing, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will not have voting rights. Other than as required by applicable law, the holders of shares of Pubco Class A Stock shall only acquire full voting rights upon cancellation of all shares of Pubco Class B Stock. The shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be canceled pro rata to each of Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank’s ownership of Pubco Class B Stock, upon any transfer of shares of Pubco Class A Stock by Tether, Bitfinex or SoftBank to any third party (other than their respective Affiliates). Transfers of Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to the provision of the Lock-Up Agreements that Pubco will enter into at Closing, pursuant to which Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will agree not to, subject to certain exceptions, transfer its shares of Pubco Stock for a period of six months, which may be extended pursuant to the terms of such Lock-Up Agreements, after the Closing. Pubco cannot predict when holders of Pubco Class A Stock may gain voting rights, if at all.
Tether’s and Bitfinex’s interests may be different from or conflict with our interests or the interests of our other shareholders. Tether is one of the largest holders and acquirers of Bitcoin and, as a result, may have interests in the price and performance of Bitcoin that are not aligned with our interests or the interests of the other shareholders and which could affect the timing, scale or nature of Pubco’s Bitcoin-related activities. Tether, Bitfinex and their respective affiliates provide products and services, and may develop products and services, that may compete directly or indirectly with our future products and services. Furthermore, Tether and its respective affiliates are in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. Tether and Bitfinex may also pursue acquisition opportunities that are complementary to our business, and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. Accordingly, the interests of Tether and Bitfinex may not always coincide with our interests or the interests of other shareholders, and Tether and Bitfinex may seek to cause us to take courses of action that, in their judgment, could enhance their investment in Pubco but which might involve risks to our other shareholders or adversely affect us or our other shareholders.
Securities of companies formed through mergers with SPACs such as Pubco may experience a material decline in price relative to the share price of the SPACs prior to such merger.
CEP issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for $10.00 per share upon the closing of the CEP IPO. As with other SPACs, each Public Share issued in the CEP IPO carries a right to redeem such share for a pro rata portion of the proceeds held in the Trust Account prior to the Closing. As of June 30, 2025, the redemption price per Public Share was approximately $10.57, which is the approximate redemption amount per Public Share based on the Trust Account balance as of June 30, 2025, and inclusive of $0.15 per redeemed Public Share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note in the applicable Redemption Event. Following the Closing, the shares of Pubco Class A Stock outstanding will no longer have any such redemption right and may be dependent upon the fundamental value of Pubco, as well as other relevant factors such as market conditions and trading multiples, and the securities of other companies formed through mergers with SPACs in recent years, and may be significantly less than $10.00 per share.
Volatility in Pubco’s share price could subject Pubco to securities class action litigation.
The market price of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock may be volatile and, in the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their shares have been subject to securities class action litigation. Pubco may be the target of this type of litigation and investigations. Securities litigation against Pubco could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm Pubco’s business.
Since the completion of the CEP IPO, there has been a precipitous drop in the market values of companies formed through mergers involving SPACs. Accordingly, securities of companies such as Pubco may be more volatile than other securities and may involve special risks.
Since the completion of the CEP IPO, there has been a precipitous drop in the market values of companies formed through mergers involving SPACs like ours. These include inflationary pressures, increases in interest rates and other adverse economic and market forces have contributed to these drops in market value for SPACs. As a result, the Public Shares are subject to potential downward pressures, which may result in high levels of exercises of redemptions rights, reducing
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the cash available from the Trust Account. If there are substantial redemptions by Public Shareholders in connection with the Business Combination, there will be a lower public float of Pubco Class A Stock following the Closing, which may cause volatility in the price of our securities and adversely impact our ability to secure financing following the Closing.
Currently, there is no public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Public Shareholders cannot be sure about whether the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop an active trading market or whether Pubco is able to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on NYSE, Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of Pubco Class A Stock and subject Pubco to additional trading restrictions.
As part of the Business Combination, each outstanding CEP Class A Ordinary Share (including the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of the outstanding CEP Class B Ordinary Shares) will be converted automatically into one share of Pubco Class A Stock. Pubco is a newly formed entity and prior to this transaction it has not issued any securities in the U.S. markets or elsewhere nor has there been extensive information about it, its businesses or its operations publicly available. CEP and Pubco have agreed to cause the shares of Pubco Class A Stock to be issued in the Business Combination to be approved for listing on NYSE, Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, prior to the effective time of the Business Combination. CEP cannot assure Public Shareholders that Pubco will be able to meet the initial listing requirements. However, Pubco may be unsuccessful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on NYSE, Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, and even if successful, Pubco may be unable to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future. A successful listing also does not ensure that a market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop or the price at which the shares will trade. No assurance can be provided as to the demand for or trading price of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock following the Closing and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock may trade at a price less than the current market price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
If Pubco fails to meet the initial listing requirements and NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange does not list its shares of Pubco Class A Stock on its exchange, none of the parties to the Business Combination Agreement would be required to consummate the Business Combination. In the event that all such parties elected to waive this condition, and the Business Combination were consummated without shares of Pubco Class A Stock being listed on NYSE, Nasdaq or on another national securities exchange, Pubco could face significant material adverse consequences, including:
• a limited availability of market quotations for shares of Pubco Class A Stock;
• reduced liquidity for shares of Pubco Class A Stock;
• to the extent that Pubco does not qualify for any of the other penny stock exemptions from under the applicable provisions of Rule 3a51-1 under the Exchange Act, a determination that shares of Pubco Class A Stock are “penny stocks” which will require brokers trading in shares of Pubco Class A Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for shares of Pubco Class A Stock;
• a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and
• a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.
The National Securities Markets Improvement Act of 1996, which is a federal statute, prevents or preempts the states from regulating the sale of certain securities, which are referred to as “covered securities.” If shares of Pubco Class A Stock are not listed on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, such shares would not qualify as covered securities and Pubco would be subject to regulation in each state in which Pubco offers its shares of Pubco Class A Stock because states are not preempted from regulating the sale of securities that are not covered securities.
Even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock and developing a public market, there may not be enough liquidity in such market to enable Pubco shareholders to sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock. If a public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock does not develop, investors may not be able to re-sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock, rendering their shares illiquid and possibly resulting in a complete loss of their investment. Pubco cannot predict the extent to which investor interest in Pubco will lead to the development of an active, liquid trading market. The trading price of and demand for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock following completion of the Business Combination and the development and continued existence of a market and favorable price for the shares of Pubco
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Class A Stock will depend on a number of conditions, including the development of a market following, including by analysts and other investment professionals, the businesses, operations, results and prospects of Pubco, general market and economic conditions, governmental actions, regulatory considerations, legal proceedings and developments or other factors. These and other factors may impair the development of a liquid market and the ability of investors to sell shares at an attractive price. These factors also could cause the market price and demand for shares of Pubco Class A Stock to fluctuate substantially, which may limit or prevent investors from readily selling their shares and may otherwise affect negatively the price and liquidity of the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Many of these factors and conditions are beyond the control of Pubco or shareholders of Pubco.
Reports published by analysts, including projections in those reports that differ from Pubco’s actual results, could adversely affect the price and trading volume of Pubco Stock.
Pubco’s management currently expects that securities research analysts will establish and publish their own periodic projections for its business. These projections may vary widely and may not accurately predict the results Pubco actually achieves. Pubco’s share price may decline if its actual results do not match the projections of these securities research analysts. Similarly, if one or more of the analysts who write reports on Pubco downgrades its stock or publishes inaccurate or unfavorable research about its business, its share price could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of Pubco or fails to publish reports on it regularly, its share price or trading volume could decline. While Pubco’s management expects research analyst coverage, if no analysts commence coverage of Pubco, the trading price and volume for Pubco Stock could be adversely affected.
Pubco may or may not pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Any decision to declare and pay dividends in the future will be made at the discretion of the Pubco Board and will depend on, among other things, applicable law, regulations, restrictions, Pubco’s and Twenty One’s respective results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, contractual restrictions, the future projects and plans of Pubco and Twenty One and other factors that the Pubco Board may deem relevant. In addition, Pubco’s ability to pay dividends depends significantly on the extent to which it receives dividends from Twenty One and there can be no assurance that Twenty One will pay dividends. As a result, capital appreciation, if any, of Pubco Class A Stock will be an investor’s sole source of gain for the foreseeable future.
Pubco expects to qualify as a controlled company under applicable securities exchange rules and expects to avail itself of applicable exemptions from the corporate governance requirements thereof.
Pubco expects to qualify as a “controlled company” as defined under the NYSE or Nasdaq rules, or any other national securities exchange on which its shares may be listed, since Tether and Bitfinex will together beneficially own more than 50% of our total voting power. For so long as we remain a controlled company under this definition, we are also permitted to elect to rely on certain exemptions from corporate governance rules. As a result, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to these corporate governance requirements. For example, Pubco expects to utilize the exemption that controlled companies are not required to have a Board that is composed of a majority of “independent directors,” as defined under the rules of NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange.
Risks Related to the Convertible Notes
Pubco’s indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and prevent us from fulfilling our obligations under the Convertible Notes and could have a further material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In the future, we may seek to raise or borrow additional funds to expand our product or business development efforts, make acquisitions or otherwise fund or grow our business and operations. Our indebtedness could have important consequences to the holders of Pubco Stock, including:
• increasing our vulnerability to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
• requiring us to dedicate a portion of our cash flow from operations to principal and interest payments on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of cash flow to fund working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions and investments and other general corporate purposes;
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• making it more difficult for us to optimally capitalize and manage the cash flow for our businesses;
• limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our businesses and the markets in which we operate;
• possibly placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have less debt; and
• limiting our ability to borrow additional funds or to borrow funds at rates or on other terms that we find acceptable;
• federal and state fraudulent transfer laws may permit a court to void the Convertible Notes and, if that occurs, the noteholders may not receive any payments on the Convertible Notes;
• Pubco may not have the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Convertible Notes, repurchase the Convertible Notes upon a fundamental change, purchase the Convertible Notes if tendered at the option of holders at the date specified in the indenture or repay the Convertible Notes in cash at their maturity, and Pubco’s future debt may contain limitations on its ability to pay cash upon conversion, redemption or repurchase of the Convertible Notes;
• the accounting method for convertible debt securities that may be settled in cash, including the Convertible Notes, may have a material effect on Pubco’s reported financial results; and
• the market price of the Convertible Notes, which may fluctuate significantly, may directly affect the market price for the Pubco Class A Stock.
We may be able to incur significant additional indebtedness in the future and this could result in additional risk. Although the Indenture contains certain restrictions on the incurrence of additional secured indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions, and the additional indebtedness incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial.
If we incur any additional indebtedness that ranks equally with the Convertible Notes, subject to any collateral arrangements, the holders of that debt will be entitled to share ratably in any proceeds distributed in connection with our insolvency, liquidation, reorganization, dissolution or other winding up as a company. This may have the effect of reducing the amount of proceeds paid to our creditors and shareholders. These restrictions also will not prevent us from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. If new indebtedness is added to our current indebtedness levels, the related risks that we now face could increase. Any of these risks could materially impact our ability to fund our operations or limit our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Pubco may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of its indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy its obligations under its indebtedness, which may not be successful or be on commercially reasonable terms, which would materially and adversely affect Pubco’s financial position and results of operations and Pubco’s ability to satisfy its obligations under the Convertible Notes.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on or to refinance our debt obligations, including the Convertible Notes, depends on our financial condition and results of operations, which in turn are subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may not be able to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we could face substantial liquidity problems and may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes. Our ability to restructure or refinance our debt will depend on, among other things, the condition of the capital markets and our financial condition at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. The terms of existing or future debt instruments and the Indenture that governs the Convertible Notes may restrict us from adopting some of these alternatives. In addition, any failure to make payments of interest and principal on our outstanding
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indebtedness on a timely basis would likely result in a reduction of our credit rating, which could harm our ability to incur additional indebtedness. In the absence of such cash flows and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations.
Further, the Indenture that governs the Convertible Notes contains provisions will restrict our ability to dispose of assets and use the proceeds from any such disposition. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations.
Pursuant to the Indenture, a number of Bitcoin equal to the aggregate principal amount of all Convertible Notes issued at Closing multiplied by 3, and then divided by the BRRNY as averaged over the ten consecutive days immediately prior to the Closing, will be held as collateral to the Convertible Notes. If we cannot make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, or if we breach the covenants under the Indenture, or any other indebtedness to the extent applicable, we will be in default; holders of the Convertible Notes or our other indebtedness could declare all outstanding principal and interest to be due and payable and foreclose against the assets securing their borrowings and we could be forced into bankruptcy or liquidation. All of these events could result in the noteholders losing their entire investment in the Convertible Notes. Such defaults may also adversely and significantly affect our financial results and business, and if our assets are insufficient to repay such debt in full, and our equity holders could experience a partial or total loss of their investment. Even if we are able to repay any indebtedness on an event of default, the repayment of these sums may significantly reduce our working capital and impair our ability to operate as planned.
The Indenture contains terms which restrict Pubco’s current and future operations, particularly its ability to respond to changes or to take certain actions.
The Indenture governing the Convertible Notes contains a number of restrictive covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us and may limit our ability to engage in acts that may be in our long-term best interest, including, among other things, restrictions on our ability to incur indebtedness secured by the same collateral as the Convertible Notes.
These restrictive covenants could adversely affect our ability to:
• finance our operations;
• make needed capital expenditures;
• make strategic acquisitions or investments or enter into joint ventures;
• withstand a future downturn in our business, the industry or the economy in general;
• engage in business activities, including future opportunities, that may be in our best interest; and
• plan for or react to market conditions or otherwise execute our business strategies.
These restrictions may affect our ability to expand our business, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
As a result of these restrictions, we will be limited as to how we conduct our business and we may be unable to raise additional debt or equity financing to compete effectively or to take advantage of new business opportunities. The terms of any future indebtedness we may incur could include more restrictive covenants. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future and, if we fail to do so, that we will be able to obtain waivers from the lenders and/or amend the covenants.
Our failure to comply with the restrictive covenants described above and/or the terms of any future indebtedness from time to time could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived, could result in our being required to repay these borrowings before their due date and the termination of future funding commitments by our lenders. If we are forced to refinance these borrowings on less favorable terms or cannot refinance these borrowings, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected.
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Our obligation to repurchase the Convertible Notes at the Convertible Note Investors’ option could significantly strain our liquidity and financial condition.
Under the terms of the Indenture, Convertible Note Investors have the one-time right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes for cash beginning on the third anniversary of the Closing Date. The repurchase price will be 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest. If a significant number of Convertible Note Investors exercise this put right, we could be required to expend a substantial amount of cash. Our ability to satisfy these repurchase demands will depend on our financial resources at such time, including cash flows from operations and access to capital markets. We may not have sufficient funds available to meet all such obligations, which could materially and adversely affect our liquidity, financial condition, and results of operations. Our inability to satisfy these obligations could also trigger defaults under other debt agreements or necessitate the issuance of additional equity or debt on unfavorable terms, further diluting existing holders of Pubco Class A Stock or increasing our leverage.
The conversion ratio for the Convertible Notes will be determined based on a calculation of the Bitcoin price at Closing, and a decline in Bitcoin’s value prior to Closing could significantly increase the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock we are required to issue upon the conversion of the Convertible Notes, resulting in substantial dilution to existing holders of Pubco Class A Stock.
The conversion ratio that will determine the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion of the Convertible Notes will be set at Closing based on a 130% conversion premium relative to a $10.00 reference price, which will be proportionally adjusted based on the change in the average Bitcoin price over the ten days immediately prior to the Closing Date (the “Closing Bitcoin Price”) relative to the Signing Bitcoin Price. Given the inherent volatility of Bitcoin prices, of which we have no control, there is a risk that the Closing Bitcoin Price will be materially lower than the Signing Bitcoin Price. A substantial decline in Bitcoin’s value between the date of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing Date would compel us to issue a greater number of Pubco Class A Stock upon conversion of the Convertible Notes than initially anticipated. This potential increase in the number of Pubco Class A Stock would have a materially adverse dilutive effect on existing holders of Pubco Class A Stock at the time of conversion, diminishing their percentage ownership and potentially depressing the market price of Pubco Class A Common Stock. Additionally, a greater number of Pubco Class A Stock outstanding would reduce our earnings per share and Bitcoin per share.
The Indenture contains cross-default provisions that could result in the acceleration of all of Pubco’s indebtedness.
A breach of the covenants under the Indenture could result in an event of default under the applicable indebtedness. Such a default may allow the creditors to accelerate the related indebtedness and may result in the acceleration of any other indebtedness to which a cross-acceleration or cross-default provision applies. If we were unable to repay amounts due and payable under the Indenture those noteholders could proceed against the collateral granted to them to secure that indebtedness. In the event our noteholders accelerate the repayment of our borrowings, we and our guarantors may not have sufficient assets to repay that indebtedness. Additionally, we may not be able to borrow money from other lenders to enable us to refinance our indebtedness.
A lowering or withdrawal of the ratings assigned to Pubco’s debt securities by rating agencies, if any, may increase Pubco’s future borrowing costs and reduce its access to capital.
There can be no assurances that any rating assigned to our debt securities will remain for any given period of time or that a rating will not be lowered or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency if, in that rating agency’s judgment, future circumstances relating to the basis of the rating, such as adverse changes, so warrant. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of the Convertible Notes. Credit ratings are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell the Convertible Notes, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time. Additionally, credit ratings may not reflect the potential effect of risks relating to the structure or marketing of the Convertible Notes.
Any future lowering of our ratings likely would make it more difficult or more expensive for us to obtain additional debt financing. If any credit rating initially assigned to the Convertible Notes is subsequently lowered or withdrawn for any reason, our noteholders may not be able to resell their Convertible Notes at a favorable price or at all.
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There may not be sufficient collateral securing the Convertible Notes to pay all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, including because the holders and lenders of other pari passu obligations may have pari passu liens on the collateral securing the Convertible Notes, and because there are circumstances other than repayment or discharge of the Convertible Notes under which the collateral will be released automatically, without holders’ consent or the consent of the trustee under the Indenture.
The amount of Bitcoin that will initially secure the Convertible Notes will be determined based on the Bitcoin Price at Closing. Bitcoin is a highly volatile asset and a significant decrease in the value of Bitcoin may prevent sufficient collateral to pay all or any portion of the Convertible Notes. See “Pubco’s operating results, revenues and expenses may significantly fluctuate, including due to the highly volatile nature of Bitcoin, which could have an adverse effect on the market price of Pubco Class A Stock.” Given the volatile nature of the price of Bitcoin, in the event of a foreclosure, liquidation, bankruptcy or a similar proceeding, the proceeds from any sale or liquidation of the collateral may not be sufficient to repay all of the Convertible Notes in the event of enforcement. Furthermore, the value of the collateral in the event of liquidation may be materially different. In the event of a foreclosure, liquidation, bankruptcy or a similar proceeding, the proceeds from any sale or liquidation of the collateral may not be sufficient to pay the Convertible Notes, in full or at all.
Releases of collateral from the liens securing the Convertible Notes will be permitted under some circumstances. The collateral release provisions will be driven by the Bitcoin Price and Pubco’s public float. When collateral is released, the security interest granted to the Collateral Agent will be irrevocably released.
Risks Related to Taxation
Unrealized fair value gains on our Bitcoin holdings could cause us to become subject to the corporate alternative minimum tax under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022.
The U.S. enacted the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) in August 2022. Unless an exemption applies, the IRA imposes a 15% corporate alternative minimum tax (“CAMT”) on a corporation with respect to an initial tax year and subsequent tax years, if the average annual adjusted financial statement income for any consecutive three-tax-year period preceding the initial tax year exceeds $1 billion. On September 12, 2024, the Department of Treasury and the IRS issued proposed regulations with respect to the application of CAMT.
Additionally, we are required to adopt ASU 2023-08, under which Bitcoin holdings must be measured at fair value in our statement of financial position, with gains and losses from changes in the fair value of our Bitcoin recognized in net income each reporting period. When determining whether we are subject to CAMT and when calculating any related tax liability for an applicable tax year, the proposed regulations provide that, among other adjustments, our adjusted financial statement income must include any unrealized gains or losses reported in the applicable tax year.
Accordingly, as a result of the enactment of the IRA and our adoption of ASU 2023-08, we may be subject to CAMT in the 2026 taxable year and beyond. If we become subject to CAMT, it could result in a material tax obligation that we would need to satisfy in cash, which could materially affect our financial results, including our earnings and cash flow, and our financial condition.
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Extraordinary General Meeting of Cep Shareholders
General
CEP is furnishing this proxy statement/prospectus to CEP Shareholders as part of the solicitation of proxies by the CEP Board for use at the Meeting to be held on , 2025, and at any adjournment thereof. This proxy statement/prospectus provides CEP Shareholders with information they need to know to be able to vote or instruct their vote to be cast at the Meeting.
Date, Time and Place
The Meeting will be held on , 2025, at a.m., Eastern Time. The Meeting will be held at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually over the Internet by means of a live audio webcast. You will be able to attend, vote your shares and submit questions during the Meeting via a live webcast available at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025.
Purpose of the Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders
At the Meeting, CEP is asking CEP Shareholders to:
• consider and vote upon the Business Combination Proposal. A copy of the Business Combination Agreement and the amendment thereto is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex A;
• consider and vote upon the Merger Proposal;
• consider and vote upon the NTA Proposal;
• consider and vote upon each of the Organizational Documents Proposals;
• consider and vote upon the Nasdaq Proposal; and
• consider and vote upon the Adjournment Proposal to adjourn the Meeting to a later date or dates, if it is determined by CEP additional time is necessary or appropriate to complete the Business Combination or for any other reason.
Recommendation of the CEP Board
The CEP Board has unanimously determined that the Business Combination Proposal is in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders; has unanimously approved the Business Combination Proposal; and unanimously recommends that shareholders vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the NTA Proposal, “FOR” each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Nasdaq Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented.
Record Date; Issued and Outstanding Shares; CEP Shareholders Entitled to Vote
CEP Shareholders will be entitled to vote or direct votes to be cast at the Meeting if they owned CEP Ordinary Shares at the close of business on September 17, 2025, which is the Record Date for the Meeting. CEP Shareholders are entitled to one vote at the Meeting for each CEP Ordinary Share held as of the Record Date. If you hold your shares in “street name,” which means your shares are held of record by a broker, bank or nominee, you should contact your broker, bank or nominee to ensure that votes related to the shares you beneficially own are properly counted. In this regard, you must provide the broker, bank or nominee with instructions on how to vote your shares or, if you wish to attend the Meeting and vote, obtain a proxy from your broker, bank or nominee.
As of the close of business on the Record Date, there were 12,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares issued and outstanding, consisting of 10,300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares. Of these shares, 10,000,000 were Public Shares, with the rest being held by the Sponsor.
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Quorum and Vote of CEP Shareholders
A quorum of CEP Shareholders is necessary to hold a valid meeting. A quorum for the Meeting consists of the holders of a majority of the then issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares (whether in person or by proxy). As of the Record Date, CEP Shareholders holding 6,400,001 CEP Ordinary Shares would be required to achieve a quorum at the Meeting. In addition to the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, which represent approximately 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares and which will count towards this quorum, CEP will need only CEP Shareholders holding 3,600,001 CEP Ordinary Shares, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares represented in person or by proxy at the Meeting to have a valid quorum.
To pass, each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal requires an ordinary resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). To pass, each of the Merger Proposal and the NTA Proposal requires a special resolution of CEP Shareholders, which requires the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). CEP Shareholders are also being asked to approve, on a non-binding advisory basis, each of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Although the CEP Board is asking CEP Shareholders to approve each of the Organizational Documents Proposals on the non-binding advisory basis, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory vote on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved.
Assuming a quorum is established, a CEP Shareholder’s failure to vote by proxy or to vote at the Meeting will have no effect on the Proposals. Abstentions and broker non-votes, while considered present for the purposes of establishing a quorum, are not treated as votes cast and will have no effect on any of the Proposals.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of each of the Proposals. As a result, with respect to each Proposal that require approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting) and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting) to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposals that require approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting) and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting) to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
Voting Your CEP Ordinary Shares
Each CEP Ordinary Share that you own in your name entitles you to one vote. Your proxy card shows the number of CEP Ordinary Shares that you own. If your shares are held in “street name” or are in a margin or similar account, you should contact your broker to ensure that votes related to the CEP Ordinary Shares you beneficially own are properly counted.
Voting Your CEP Ordinary Shares — Shareholders of Record
There are three ways to vote your CEP Ordinary Shares at the Meeting:
You Can Vote By Signing and Returning the Enclosed Proxy Card. If you vote by proxy card, your “proxy,” whose name is listed on the proxy card, will vote your CEP Ordinary Shares as you instruct on the proxy card. If you sign and return the proxy card but do not give instructions on how to vote your shares, your CEP Ordinary Shares will be voted as recommended by the CEP Board “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal, “FOR” the Merger Proposal, “FOR” the NTA Proposal, “FOR” each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, “FOR” the Nasdaq Proposal and “FOR” the Adjournment Proposal, if presented. Votes received after a matter has been voted upon at the Meeting will not be counted.
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You Can Vote By Internet. CEP Shareholders who have received a copy of the proxy card by mail may be able to vote over the Internet by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and entering the voter control number included on your proxy card. You may vote by Internet until the polls are closed on the date of the Meeting.
You Can Attend Meeting and Vote. If you attend the Meeting, you may submit your vote at the Meeting, in which case any proxy that you have given will be revoked and only the vote you cast at the Meeting will be counted.
Voting Your Shares — Beneficial Owners
If your CEP Ordinary Shares are registered in the name of your broker, bank or other agent, you are the “beneficial owner” of those CEP Ordinary Shares and those CEP Ordinary Shares are considered as held in “street name.” If you are a beneficial owner of CEP Ordinary Shares registered in the name of your broker, bank or other agent, you should have received a proxy card and voting instructions with these proxy materials from that organization rather than directly from CEP. Simply complete and mail the proxy card to ensure that your vote is counted. You may be eligible to vote your CEP Ordinary Shares electronically over the Internet or by telephone. A large number of banks and brokerage firms offer Internet and telephone voting. If your bank or brokerage firm does not offer Internet or telephone voting information, please complete and return your proxy card in the self-addressed, postage-paid envelope provided. To vote yourself at the Meeting, you must first obtain a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank or other agent and then register in advance to attend the Meeting. Follow the instructions from your broker or bank included with these proxy materials, or contact your broker or bank to request a legal proxy form.
After obtaining a valid legal proxy from your broker, bank or other agent, to then register to attend the Meeting, you must submit proof of your legal proxy reflecting the number of your CEP Ordinary Shares along with your name and email address to CST. Requests for registration should be directed via e-mail to proxy@continentalstock.com or via telephone to (917) 262-2373. Written requests can be mailed to:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
1 State Street, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
Attn: Proxy Department
Email: proxy@continentalstock.com
Requests for registration must be labelled as “Legal Proxy” and be received no later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on , 2025.
You will receive a confirmation of your registration by email after CEP receives your registration materials. You may attend the Meeting by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025. You will also need a voter control number included on your proxy card in order to be able to vote your CEP Ordinary Shares or submit questions during the Meeting. Follow the instructions provided to vote. CEP encourages you to access the Meeting prior to the start time leaving ample time for the check in.
Share Ownership of and Voting by CEP Sponsor, Directors and Officers
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its 2,800,000 CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of each of the Proposals. As a result, with respect to each Proposal that require approval of CEP Shareholders by an ordinary resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 3,600,001, or 36.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 400,001, or 4.0%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved. With respect to each Proposal that requires approval of CEP Shareholders by a special resolution, in addition to the Sponsor’s CEP Ordinary Shares, CEP would need only 5,733,334, or 57.3%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming all issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares are voted at the Meeting), and only 1,466,668, or 14.7%, of the 10,000,000 Public Shares (assuming a minimum number of CEP Ordinary Shares to achieve a quorum are voted at the Meeting), to be voted in favor of such Proposals in order to have such Proposals approved.
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Attending the Meeting
The Meeting will be held virtually on , 2025 at a.m. Eastern Time. The Meeting will be held at the offices of Ellenoff Grossman & Schole LLP at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, 11th Floor, New York, New York 10105 and virtually over the Internet by means of a live audio webcast. You will be able to attend, vote your shares and submit questions during the Meeting via a live webcast available at https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025. You or your proxyholder will be able to attend and vote at the Meeting by visiting https://www.cstproxy.com/cantorequitypartners/2025 and using a control number assigned by CST. To register and receive access to the Meeting, registered shareholders and beneficial owners (those holding shares through a stock brokerage account or by a bank or other holder of record) will need to follow the instructions applicable to them provided in this proxy statement/prospectus. You will need the voter control number included on your proxy card in order to be able to vote your shares or submit questions during the Meeting. If you do not have a voter control number, you will be able to listen to the Meeting only and you will not be able to vote or submit questions during the Meeting.
Revoking Your Proxy
If you are a CEP Shareholder and you give a proxy, you may revoke it at any time before it is exercised by doing any one of the following:
• you may enter a new vote by Internet or telephone;
• you may send a later-dated, signed proxy card to CEP, 110 East 59th Street, New York, New York 10022, Attn: Secretary, so that it is received by CEP’s Secretary on or before the Meeting; or
• you may attend the Meeting via the live webcast noted above, revoke your proxy, and vote virtually, as indicated above.
Who Can Answer Your Questions About Voting Your Shares
If you are a CEP Shareholder and have any questions about how to vote or direct a vote in respect of your CEP Ordinary Shares, you may call CEP’s proxy solicitor, Sodali & Co, at (800) 662-5200 or banks and brokers can call at (203) 658-9400.
Redemption Rights
Pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, any holders of Public Shares may demand that such Public Shares be redeemed in exchange for a pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account (less taxes payable), calculated as of two (2) business days prior to the Closing. If a demand is properly made and the Business Combination is consummated, these shares, immediately prior to the Business Combination, will cease to be outstanding and will represent only the right to receive a pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account which holds the proceeds of the CEP IPO (calculated as of two (2) business days prior to the Closing, including interest earned on the funds held in the Trust Account and not previously released to CEP to pay its taxes). For illustrative purposes, based on funds in the Trust Account of approximately $104.2 million as of June 30, 2025, the estimated per share redemption price would have been approximately $10.57 (inclusive of $0.15 per share to be funded pursuant to the Sponsor Note and which amount takes into account CEP’s estimate of the amount that may be withdrawn to pay applicable taxes).
In order to exercise your redemption rights, you must:
• prior to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on (two (2) business days before the Meeting), tender your Public Shares physically or electronically and submit a request in writing that CEP redeem your Public Shares for cash to CST, CEP’s transfer agent, at the following address:
Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company
One State Street Plaza, 30th Floor
New York, New York 10004
Attn: SPAC Redemption Team
Email: spacredemptions@continentalstock.com
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• In your request to CST for redemption, you must also affirmatively certify if you “ARE” or “ARE NOT” acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined in Section 13d-3 of the Exchange Act) with any other Public Shareholder; and
• deliver your Public Shares either physically or electronically through DTC to CST at least two (2) business days before the Meeting. Public Shareholders seeking to exercise their redemption rights and opting to deliver physical certificates should allot sufficient time to obtain physical certificates from CST and time to effect delivery. It is CEP’s understanding that Public Shareholders should generally allot at least two weeks to obtain physical certificates from Continental. However, CEP does not have any control over this process and it may take longer than two weeks. Public Shareholders who hold their Public Shares in street name will have to coordinate with their bank, broker or other nominee to have the shares certificated or delivered electronically. If you do not submit a written request and deliver your Public Shares as described above, your Public Shares will not be redeemed.
Any demand for redemption, once made, may be withdrawn at any time until the deadline for exercising redemption requests (and submitting shares to CST) and thereafter, with CEP’s consent, until the vote is taken with respect to the Business Combination. If you delivered your Public Shares for redemption to CST and decide within the required timeframe not to exercise your redemption rights, you may request that CST return your Public Shares (physically or electronically). You may make such request by contacting CST at the phone number or address listed above.
Prior to exercising redemption rights, Public Shareholders should verify the market price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, as they may receive greater proceeds from the sale of their Public Shares in the public market than from exercising their redemption rights if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price. There can be no assurances that you will be able to sell your Public Shares in the open market, even if the market price per share is higher than the redemption price stated above, as there may not be sufficient liquidity in CEP Class A Ordinary Shares when you wish to sell your Public Shares.
If you exercise your redemption rights, your Public Shares will cease to be outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of the Business Combination and will only represent the right to receive a pro rata share of the aggregate amount on deposit in the Trust Account. You will no longer own those shares and will have no right to participate in, or have any interest in, the future growth of Pubco, if any. You will be entitled to receive cash for these shares only if you properly and timely demand redemption.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the CEP Memorandum and Articles provides that a Public Shareholder, together with any affiliate of such shareholder or any other person with whom such shareholder is acting in concert or as a “group” (as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act), will be restricted from redeeming its shares with respect to more than 25% of the Public Shares in the aggregate, without the prior consent of CEP.
In connection with the CEP IPO, the Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors agreed to waive any redemption rights with respect to any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with the completion of the Business Combination. Such waivers are standard in transactions of this type and the Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors did not receive separate consideration for the waiver.
Appraisal Rights
No appraisal or dissenters’ rights are available to CEP Shareholders in connection with the ordinary resolution to approve the Business Combination Proposal. Under the Cayman Act, minority shareholders have a right to dissent to a merger and if they so dissent, they are entitled to be paid the fair value of their shares, which if necessary, may ultimately be determined by the court. Therefore, CEP Class A Record Holders have a right to dissent to the CEP Merger. Please see the section titled “The Merger Proposal — Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights” for additional information.
In addition, Public Shareholders are still entitled to exercise the rights of redemption as detailed in this proxy statement/prospectus and the redemption proceeds payable to Public Shareholders who exercise such redemption rights will represent the fair value of those shares. For a discussion about the Public Shareholders’ redemption rights, please see “Extraordinary General Meeting of CEP Shareholders — Redemption Rights.”
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Proxy Solicitation Costs
CEP is soliciting proxies on behalf of the CEP Board. This solicitation is being made by mail but also may be made by telephone, on the Internet or in person. CEP and its directors, officers and employees may also solicit proxies in person, by telephone or by other electronic means. CEP will file with the SEC all scripts and other electronic communications as proxy soliciting materials. CEP will bear the cost of the solicitation.
CEP has hired Sodali & Co to assist in the proxy solicitation process. CEP will pay Sodali & Co a fee of $25,000, plus disbursements of its expenses in connection with services relating to the Meeting.
CEP will ask banks, brokers and other institutions, nominees and fiduciaries to forward the proxy materials to their principals and to obtain their authority to execute proxies and voting instructions. CEP will reimburse them for their reasonable expenses.
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The Business Combination Proposal
General
CEP Shareholders are being asked to approve the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination. CEP Shareholders should read carefully this proxy statement/prospectus in its entirety for more detailed information concerning the Business Combination Agreement, a copy of which is attached hereto as Annex A. Please see the section entitled “The Business Combination — The Business Combination Agreement” and “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — The Transactions — Related Agreements” below for additional information and a summary of certain terms of the Business Combination Agreement. You are urged to read carefully the Business Combination Agreement in its entirety before voting on this Proposal.
CEP may consummate the Business Combination only if (i) the Business Combination Proposal is approved by an ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed at the Meeting by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum), and (ii) the Merger Proposal is approved by a special resolution, being a resolution passed at the Meeting by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum).
If any of those Proposals is not approved by CEP Shareholders, the Business Combination will not be consummated, unless waived by the parties. The Merger Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal. The NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Nasdaq Proposal are conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned on the approval of any other Proposal.
Organizational Structure
Prior to the Transactions
The following simplified diagrams illustrate the ownership structures of CEP, Twenty One and Pubco before the consummation of the Transactions:
CEP

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Twenty One and Pubco

Following the Transactions
The following simplified diagram illustrates the ownership structure of Pubco following the consummation of the Transactions:

Headquarters; Listing of Securities
Our registered office is located at 111 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701. At this stage of our development, we do not require dedicated physical office space, as our operations can be effectively managed remotely. Accordingly, we consider our business office to be the same as our registered office, as it may be established from time to time. After completion of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, if Pubco’s application for listing is approved, shares of Pubco Class A Stock are expected to be traded on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange under the symbol “XXI.”
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Background of the Business Combination
The terms of the Business Combination were the result of arm’s-length negotiations between representatives of CEP, the Company, Pubco, Tether, Bitfinex, and SoftBank. The following chronology summarizes the key meetings and events that led to the signing of the Business Combination Agreement and subsequent events. This chronology does not purport to catalogue every correspondence among representatives of Tether, Cantor, CF&Co., Bitfinex, SoftBank and CEP.
Description of Discussions Leading Up to the Execution of the Business Combination Agreement
CEP is a blank check company incorporated in the Cayman Islands on November 11, 2020 to effect a merger, share exchange, asset acquisition, share purchase, reorganization or similar business combination with one or more businesses. On August 14, 2024, CEP consummated the CEP IPO and began its search for an acquisition target. Prior to the consummation of the CEP IPO, neither CEP, nor anyone on its behalf, engaged in any substantive discussions, directly or indirectly, with any business combination target.
Tether and Cantor had established a relationship in 2021 when Cantor began acting as a custodian and trading partner for a portion of the U.S. treasuries backing Tether’s stablecoin reserves. In late November and early December 2024, representatives of Cantor and Tether, also representing Bitfinex, had ordinary course meetings to discuss various topics, including their existing relationship, where they also engaged in discussions regarding the formation and operation of a public company that would include holding and acquiring Bitcoin as part of its business operations, including the contribution by each of Tether and Bitfinex of 10,000 Bitcoin to such a business. Cantor advised Tether that it would explore the various ways to bring such a company public and present a proposed structure to Tether.
On December 9, 2024, representatives of Cantor and Tether further discussed the potential creation of a business, as described above, including that Cantor proposed a potential business combination involving CEP.
On December 10, 2024, CEP and Cantor, on behalf of CEP, began their due diligence related to the proposed business combination, which included a review of structuring and applicable SEC and Nasdaq requirements, tax rules and financial statement requirements. As part of such diligence, CEP had various calls with its outside counsel, EGS and its auditors, Withum, to discuss certain of these matters.
On December 13, 2024, representatives of Cantor and Tether further discussed the potential transaction, as described above. At the meeting, the parties discussed potential business combination structures, tax implications as well as other considerations, including legal ones. On the same day, Tether, acting for itself and for Bitfinex, agreed to proceed with a business combination involving CEP.
On December 16, 2024, CEP engaged EGS to serve as its counsel with respect to the Business Combination and requested EGS to prepare an initial draft of the Business Combination Agreement.
On December 17, 2024, Cantor, on behalf of CEP, provided a non-binding summary of key terms of the proposed Business Combination (the “Key Terms Summary”) to Tether, which included certain items for discussion between CEP and Tether, including the determination of Pubco’s jurisdiction of formation, whether Pubco would be a domestic registrant or a foreign private issuer, whether Tether and Bitfinex would contribute a fixed number of Bitcoin and who would serve as management of Pubco. The Key Terms Summary included that Tether and Bitfinex would receive shares in the post-Business Combination company equal to the value of the Bitcoin contributed divided by $10.00. The Key Terms Summary also included a proposal that the Sponsor would modify the number of CEP Founder Shares and provide for additional earnout shares to be received based on the upside of the value of the Public Shares and any shares issued in a private investment in public equity (“PIPE”) for a period of time after the closing of the proposed Business Combination.
On December 20, 2024, the CEP Board held a special meeting where CEP management advised the CEP Board about the proposed Business Combination and provided the CEP Board with information regarding the proposed structure and timing of the proposed Business Combination. The Board also discussed the transition of CEP management in view of the nomination of Howard W. Lutnick to become the United States Secretary of Commerce, including that upon the resignation of Howard W. Lutnick, Brandon Lutnick would be appointed as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of CEP.
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On December 24, 2024, representatives of Tether and Cantor had a call to discuss the terms of the Bitcoin contribution by Tether and Bitfinex. On the same day, representatives of Tether informed representatives of Cantor that Tether intended to contribute 13,000 Bitcoin and Bitfinex intended to contribute 7,000 Bitcoin as part of the Business Combination.
On December 31, 2024, Cantor, on behalf of CEP, provided Tether with an initial draft of the Business Combination Agreement that, among other matters, also reflected the Key Summary Terms, including that shares would be issued to Tether and Bitfinex equal to the value of the Bitcoin contributed divided by $10.00.
On January 9, 2025, representatives of Tether, CEP and Cantor had a meeting to discuss the proposed Business Combination, including the transaction steps and the required documentation relating to the Business Combination, and whether Pubco should be organized as a foreign private issuer. Also, on January 9, 2025, CEP and CF&Co. began exploring the inclusion of the Convertible Notes PIPE as part of the Transactions and began internal discussions on the terms of such an offering.
On January 17, 2025, CEP sent Tether a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement, which provided that the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex, and the number of shares of Pubco to be received as a result, should be valued based on the Bitcoin spot price as of the day before signing of the Business Combination Agreement and that the Sponsor would exercise its right to have amounts outstanding under the Sponsor Loan repaid at Closing in the form of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares instead of cash.
In January 2025, representatives of Cantor and SoftBank had a meeting to discuss various matters. At this meeting, Cantor mentioned the potential Business Combination to SoftBank and proposed that SoftBank participate in the proposed Business Combination by purchasing and contributing Bitcoin to the Company.
In January 2025, Tether and Bitfinex engaged Skadden to serve as counsel to Tether, Bitfinex, Pubco and the Company with respect to the Business Combination.
On January 23, 2025, representatives of CF&Co. proposed to representatives of Tether that the parties should seek to raise capital in the Convertible Notes PIPE as part of the Transactions and on January 24, 2025, Tether agreed that the parties should move forward with the Convertible Notes PIPE.
On February 5, 2025, representatives of Tether contacted representatives of Cantor to discuss a potential change in the transaction structure to have Pubco be incorporated in the United States and be a domestic issuer. EGS and Skadden discussed such structure change during a meeting on February 6, 2025. On February 13, 2025, representatives of Cantor, CEP and Tether held a conference call and agreed that Pubco would be domiciled in the United States and be incorporated in either Delaware or Texas. Later that day, the parties agreed that Pubco would be a Texas corporation. During ensuing negotiation of the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, the parties continued to consider the jurisdiction of the entities that will consummate the Mergers and how best to consummate the Mergers, including the possible domestication of CEP as a Delaware corporation prior to the Closing.
On February 7, 2025, representatives of Cantor and Tether met with Jack Mallers and Steven Meehan in the Bahamas, who were considered as the proposed Chief Executive Officer of Pubco and the proposed Chief Financial Officer of Pubco (together with the Chief Executive Officer, the “Executive Officers”), respectively. Tether was acquainted with the Chief Executive Officer through their previous investments and as a well-known personality in the crypto space and invited him to the Bahamas for a business meeting. Cantor knew Steven Meehan and invited him to the same meeting in Bahamas. Cantor, Tether and the Executive Officers discussed the Business Combination and the Executive Officers’ roles, and at the end of the meeting the Executive Officers’ roles were confirmed. At the same meeting, Cantor and Tether agreed to increase the contribution of Tether and Bitfinex from 20,000 Bitcoin to 21,000 Bitcoin.
Further, on February 7, 2025, representatives of Cantor and CEP met with representatives of SoftBank regarding SoftBank’s potential interest in participating in the proposed Business Combination as a significant minority investor. On February 8, 2025, CEP and SoftBank had a meeting where additional information about the Business Combination was provided by representatives of CEP to representatives of SoftBank. On February 10, 2025, representatives of CEP and SoftBank had a meeting where they further discussed SoftBank’s involvement in the proposed Business Combination and SoftBank agreed, subject to the receipt of internal approvals, to participate in the negotiations in respect of the Business Combination, as it continued to evaluate the opportunity. On February 12, 2025, CEP and SoftBank entered into a non-disclosure agreement with respect to the Business Combination (the “SoftBank NDA”). Following the execution of the SoftBank NDA, SoftBank began its due diligence relating to the proposed Business Combination,
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which included meetings with representatives of Tether, CEP and CF&Co. and requesting and receiving materials related to the proposed Business Combination and related Transactions from Tether, CEP and CF&Co. SoftBank also engaged S&C on February 25, 2025 to serve as its legal counsel in connection with the Business Combination.
Throughout February 2025, Skadden and EGS exchanged various drafts of the Business Combination Agreement, negotiated the transaction terms, and discussed other ancillary agreements that were contemplated in connection with the proposed Business Combination, such as the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreement, the Contribution Agreement, the Services Agreement, the Securities Exchange Agreement and the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
On February 10, 2025, EGS sent Skadden an initial draft of the Sponsor Support Agreement, which included the revised structure of the Sponsor’s CEP Founder Shares as described in the Key Terms Summary.
From February 10, 2025 to February 24, 2025, CF&Co. prepared an investor presentation and a term sheet for the Convertible Notes PIPE and considered proposed terms of the Convertible Notes PIPE. On February 24, 2025, CF&Co. provided an initial draft of the investor presentation for the Convertible Notes PIPE to Tether and the Executive Officers. On February 26, 2025, CF&Co. sent a revised draft of the investor presentation for the Convertible Notes PIPE to Tether, SoftBank, Skadden, EGS, S&C and the Executive Officers.
On February 14, 2025, Fenwick & West LLP (“Fenwick”), representing the Chief Executive Officer, contacted Skadden to initiate discussions regarding the potential terms of the Chief Executive Officer’s employment.
On February 18, 2025, EGS sent Skadden and S&C a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement. The primary change to the Business Combination Agreement was to provide that CEP would convert from a Cayman Islands company to a Texas corporation prior to the Closing and to update the references to the CEP securities because of that change. In addition, the draft clarified the mechanism for the conversion of CEP Class B Ordinary Shares into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and provided that the Contribution Agreement would be entered into concurrently with the signing rather than the Closing.
On February 21, 2025, a representative of Tether and the Executive Officers visited Cantor’s New York office, where CEP, CF&Co., Tether and the Executive Officers had an organizational meeting and held other meetings to discuss the Transactions, process and timing.
Additionally, on February 21, 2025, representatives of Cantor, the Sponsor and Tether met to discuss the Sponsor Support Agreement and the economics for the Sponsor and CF&Co. with respect to the Transactions. During the meeting, Tether offered a counterproposal to the CEP Founder Shares structure that was included in Key Terms Summary and the December 17, 2024 draft of the Sponsor Support Agreement. Such counterproposal was that, in addition to retaining the CEP Founder Shares, the Sponsor and CF&Co. would collectively be entitled to receive consideration in the Transactions equal to 2% of the value of the Bitcoin contributed to the Company and 2% of the amount raised in the PIPE Investments. Between February 2025 and the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, representatives of Cantor and Tether continued to discuss the economics of the Sponsor and CF&Co.
On February 24, 2025 and February 25, 2025, representatives of CEP, CF&Co., SoftBank and the Executive Officers, along with EGS and Skadden in some meetings, held various meetings to review the terms and structure of the proposed Business Combination and the PIPE Investments, the proposed timelines. During the same period SoftBank continued its due diligence related to the Transactions.
On February 26, 2025, representatives of Tether, SoftBank and CF&Co. had a meeting to introduce to each other the representatives of Tether and SoftBank participating in the Business Combination negotiation and to discuss timing and transaction mechanics.
On the same day, Skadden sent EGS a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement, along with an issues list, which included the timing of the Bitcoin contribution by Tether and Bitfinex and the valuation of the Bitcoin to be contributed and an initial draft of the Contribution Agreement. The revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement also proposed limitations on the ability of the CEP Board to modify its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals, the application of the closing conditions to various parties and the governing law of the Business Combination Agreement. Later that day, EGS sent Skadden initial drafts of the Lock-Up Agreement and the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement. From February 27, 2025
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to February 28, 2025, drafts of the Contribution Agreement, Lock-Up Agreement and Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement were shared with S&C. On February 28, 2025, representatives of Tether, CEP, CF&Co., EGS and Skadden had a meeting to discuss the Business Combination Agreement issues list.
From February 26, 2025 to April 1, 2025, all parties held various calls to discuss the investor presentation and the proposed terms of the Convertible Notes PIPE (including the amount of collateral), and exchanged emails and comments on the investor presentation and the terms of the Convertible Notes PIPE documentation. During this time, CF&Co. provided revised drafts of the investor presentation and term sheet for the Convertible Notes PIPE.
On March 3, 2025, EGS sent Skadden a revised draft of the Contribution Agreement and shared the same draft with S&C on March 4, 2025.
On March 4, 2025 and March 5, 2025, representatives of SoftBank and the Executive Officers visited Cantor’s New York office to discuss the Transactions. During this time, several meetings were held among CEP, CF&Co., the Executive Officers, Tether, SoftBank, Skadden, EGS and S&C to discuss the strategy of Pubco, the overall structure of the Transactions, the proposed governance of Pubco and terms of the Convertibles Note PIPE. At such time, the size of SoftBank’s investment was proposed to be approximately 10,000 Bitcoin (approximately 50% of the size of Tether and Bitfinex’s proposed investment).
On March 5, 2025, EGS sent Skadden a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement and shared the same draft with S&C on March 6, 2025. The key changes included providing the CEP Board the ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals in the event of an intervening event and adding relevant provisions to the Business Combination Agreement relating to the Convertible Notes PIPE and the purchase and sale of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin.
Between March 6, 2025 and March 12, 2025, Skadden and EGS exchanged comments and updated drafts of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement and by the end of this period, this agreement was substantially agreed between CEP, Pubco, Tether and Bitfinex.
On March 10, 2025, Skadden sent EGS an initial draft of the Indenture. On March 19, 2025, Skadden sent EGS and S&C a revised draft of the Indenture and an initial draft of the Security Agreement. On March 20, 2025, Skadden provided EGS and S&C with an initial draft of the form of Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
On March 10, 2025, representatives of the Sponsor, Skadden and EGS held a video conference call to discuss the Sponsor’s anti-dilution protection and related terms of the Sponsor Support Agreement.
Further on March 10, 2025, Skadden sent EGS and S&C a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement. The key changes reflected in this draft related to the removal of the ability of the CEP Board to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals and certain other changes arising from updates to the structuring of the Business Combination.
Additionally, on March 10, 2025, the CEP Board held a special meeting to discuss the Transactions. Officers of CEP and representatives of CF&Co. provided the CEP Board with an update on the status of the Transactions and provided an overview of certain comparable companies of Pubco including their Bitcoin accumulation strategy, financing history, public market trading performance and trading multiples.
On March 12, 2025, CF&Co. had a conference call with Tether and the Executive Officers where CF&Co. reviewed a proposed financing roadmap for Pubco, which included adding the Equity PIPE as part of the PIPE Investments, and the parties agreed that they would seek to raise capital in both the Convertible Notes PIPE and the Equity PIPE. CF&Co. provided the financing roadmap to SoftBank on March 13, 2025. The parties also agreed on March 20, 2025, that CEP would issue the shares in the Equity PIPE.
Further to discussions among counsel on various matters related to the proposed corporate governance of Pubco, on March 13, 2025, Tether proposed to CF&Co. that only Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank have voting rights with respect to their Pubco Stock.
On March 14, 2025, all parties entered into discussions with respect to the length of the lock-up restrictions applicable to the shares of Pubco Stock to be held by Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank, and agreed that the Insider Letter be modified to match the lock-up restrictions applicable to the CEP Founder Shares to the lock-up restrictions that would
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apply to Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank. On March 17, 2025, the parties agreed that the lock-up restrictions applicable to the shares of Pubco Stock to be held by Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and the Sponsor (solely in respect of its CEP Founder Shares) would be six months. The length of the lock-up restrictions would be subsequently revised in response to comments from a Convertible Notes Investor so that such six month lock-up restriction would be extended to the date that the Resale Registration Statement was declared effective if such date was later than six months following the Closing.
On March 15, 2025, Skadden sent EGS, CEP and Tether the proposed post-Closing corporate governance structure of Pubco, which contemplated that, among other things:
• Pubco would have two classes of stock, Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock;
• shares of Pubco Class A Stock would be publicly traded and would have no voting rights, other than as required by law;
• shares of Pubco Class B Stock would not be publicly traded and would have voting rights;
• shares of both classes would have pro rata economics; and
• the Pubco Board would consist of seven persons, with four directors appointed by Tether and Bitfinex, of which two would be independent; two directors appointed by SoftBank, of which one would be independent; and the seventh director being the chief executive officer of Pubco.
On the same day, CEP sent Skadden an alternative structure for the Pubco Stock providing that:
• all Pubco shareholders would hold shares of Pubco Class A Stock;
• all shares of Pubco Class A Stock would have equal economic rights and one vote per share;
• Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank would each hold an equal number of shares of Pubco Class B Stock for each share of Pubco Class A Stock that they owned; and
• Pubco Class B Stock would have voting rights but no economics.
The parties discussed both proposals through various email exchanges and conference calls and thereafter, the parties decided to combine these two proposals and agreed that:
• All Pubco shareholders would hold shares of Pubco Class A Stock which would have equal economics but no voting rights, other than as required by law;
• Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank would also each hold one share of Pubco Class B Stock for each share of Pubco Class A Stock that they owned; and
• Pubco Class B Stock would have full voting rights but no economics.
On March 17, 2025, Skadden informed EGS that Tether would accept (i) the CEP Board having the ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals for certain intervening events between the signing of the Business Combination Agreement and the Meeting and (ii) consistent with the exclusion in the definition of Material Adverse Effect, and for similar reasons, the definition of “intervening event” under the Business Combination Agreement, to exclude any change in the price of Bitcoin.
On March 18, 2025, Skadden sent S&C proposed transaction mechanics and a steps plan relating to the signing of the Business Combination Agreement and the closing of the Transactions, which included that (i) Tether would purchase a fixed number of Bitcoin or a certain dollar amount of Bitcoin in contemplation of SoftBank’s investment prior to signing, (ii) SoftBank and Tether would enter into a purchase and sale agreement for SoftBank to reimburse Tether for such purchases and (iii) Tether would transfer ownership of such Bitcoin to SoftBank. The proposal also addressed options regarding the custody of such purchased Bitcoin prior to Closing. Skadden also included in this document, Tether’s proposed governance structure for Pubco.
On March 18, 2025, management of CEP provided the CEP Board with a presentation prepared by CF&Co. which included information that was presented at the special meeting of the CEP Board on March 10, 2025, as updated based on changes to the Transactions since its initial presentation.
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Additionally on March 18, 2025, representatives of CEP, Tether, CF&Co., SoftBank, Skadden, EGS and S&C had a meeting to discuss Pubco’s proposed operations at the closing of the Business Combination, applicable Nasdaq listing requirements, the proposed states of incorporation for the various entities involved in the Business Combination and the proposed board structure of Pubco.
Between March 19, 2025 and March 30, 2025, through various email exchanges and meetings, representatives of Tether, SoftBank and CF&Co. discussed the executive compensation for the Executive Officers.
After further discussions on March 19, 2025 and March 25, 2025, the Sponsor, CF&Co. and Tether agreed that (i) in return for acting as the exclusive placement agent for the April PIPE Investments, CF&Co. would be entitled to receive a cash fee equal to 0.5% of the value of the 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to the Company by Tether and Bitfinex (as valued in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement) and 0.5% of the aggregate amount funded in the April PIPE Investments and (ii) the Sponsor would be entitled to (a) retain shares received pursuant to its anti-dilution protection in the CEP Memorandum and Articles and (b) exchange a number of such shares once they are exchanged with shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger, for Convertible Notes in amount equal to 1.5% of the 31,500 Bitcoin contributed to the Company by Tether and Bitfinex and 1.5% of the aggregate amount received by Pubco and CEP in the April PIPE Investments. Following such agreement, the Sponsor and EGS revised the Sponsor Support Agreement and drafted the Securities Exchange Agreement and provided drafts of such agreements to Skadden and S&C on March 29, 2025 and March 30, 2025, respectively. From March 30, 2025 to April 22, 2025, the parties continued to negotiate the consideration to be received and retained by the Sponsor and the fees to be paid to CF&Co., and exchange drafts of the Sponsor Support Agreement and Securities Exchange Agreement. The final terms of that negotiation were reflected in the executed Sponsor Support Agreement and the form of Securities Exchange Agreement included therein and in the PIPE Engagement Letter, which are further described in the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Related Agreements.”
On March 21, 2025, Skadden provided the first draft employment term sheet to Fenwick and the Chief Executive Officer. The employment term sheet for the Chief Executive Officer, among others, provided terms relating to at-will employment, position, start date, base salary, annual bonus opportunities, equity awards, severance arrangements, vacation entitlements and other benefits and perquisites. From March 21, 2025 to April 22, 2025, representatives from Tether, Skadden, SoftBank, and S&C engaged in a series of negotiations and discussions with the Chief Executive Officer and Fenwick.
On March 20, 2025, EGS sent Skadden a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement. The main changes in this draft included updates to (i) the number of Bitcoin to be contributed to the Company by Tether and SoftBank at the Closing, increasing the total number of Bitcoin contributed by Tether and Bitfinex to 21,000, (ii) the structure of the April PIPE Investments, so that it would cover both the Convertibles Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE, (iii) the financial statements the Company and Pubco that are to be provided to CEP between signing and the Meeting, and (iv) the CEP Board’s ability to change its recommendation to vote in favor of the Proposals for certain intervening events. On March 26, 2025, EGS sent Skadden an incremental draft of the Business Combination Agreement to include, among other things, a few changes to the CEP Board’s ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals.
On March 21, 2025, CF&Co. provided EGS and Skadden an initial draft of the investor presentation for the April Equity PIPE.
From March 22, 2025 to April 1, 2025, CF&Co., Tether and SoftBank negotiated the terms and structure of SoftBank’s investment in the Company, including whether SoftBank would contribute any Bitcoin to the Company or if SoftBank would buy shares of Pubco Stock from Tether immediately after Closing. Representatives of Tether and SoftBank agreed that Tether would purchase an additional 10,500 Bitcoin and contribute such Bitcoin to the Company pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, and SoftBank would purchase certain shares of Pubco Stock from Tether immediately after completion of the Transactions pursuant to the terms of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, resulting in a total investment by SoftBank of approximately $1 billion and SoftBank obtaining its ownership percentage based on the formula set forth therein.
On March 25, 2025, the CEP Board and the CEP Audit Committee held a meeting to review CEP’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the financial statements included therein. In addition to a quorum of the CEP Board, the meeting was attended by executive and non-executive officers of CEP, who provided the CEP Board with an update on the proposed Business Combination, including the proposed timing and the then current
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transaction structure. No materials regarding the Company or the Business Combination were provided to the CEP Board at this meeting. Members of CEP management also informed the CEP Audit Committee that CEP would seek approval from the CEP Audit Committee regarding the execution of the Engagement Letters once they were negotiated with Tether and SoftBank and their counsel.
Further, on March 25, 2025, S&C sent Skadden and EGS comments from SoftBank to the Business Combination Agreement, the Lock-Up Agreement and the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement. The comments to the Business Combination Agreement were primarily about providing SoftBank with additional consent rights. The comments in the Lock-Up Agreement were to include that if the lock-up restrictions applicable to Tether are modified in any way, then the corresponding lock-up restrictions applicable to SoftBank would be adjusted in the same manner. The comments in the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement were primarily related to the ownership thresholds and number of demand registrations available to holders of Pubco registrable securities, the ownership thresholds to request an underwritten offering and the expansion of shelf registration rights for SoftBank. On the same day, CEP sent Skadden an initial draft of the PIPE Engagement Letter.
On March 31, 2025, Skadden sent EGS a revised draft of the Business Combination Agreement and shared the same draft with S&C on April 1, 2025. This draft incorporated certain comments received from S&C, updated the structure to account for Pubco having two classes of shares and SoftBank not contributing any Bitcoin to the Company and only purchasing shares of Pubco Stock from Tether after the Closing, added a clarification that a Material Adverse Effect did not include changes in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin and limited the CEP Board’s ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals.
Further on March 31, 2025, Skadden sent EGS and S&C a revised high level steps plan and governance structure for the proposed Business Combination, which reflected the revised structure under which SoftBank would not contribute any Bitcoin to the Company and would only be purchasing shares of Pubco Stock from Tether after the Closing.
Additionally, on March 31, 2025, representatives of the Company and CF&Co. held a conference call to prepare for the launch of the marketing process for the April PIPE Investments, including to discuss investor outreach and targeting, including the use of the investor presentations prepared by CF&Co. for those conversations.
On March 31, 2025 and April 1, 2025, the parties and their respective counsel had many meetings and e-mail correspondence to finalize the outstanding material business points with respect to the Business Combination in preparation for the launch of the wall cross process for the April PIPE Investments on April 2, 2025. At that time, the primary understanding among the parties included that: (i) SoftBank would be a party to the Business Combination Agreement for certain limited protections and have consent rights over amendments to certain other Ancillary Agreements, (ii) CEP would pay 100% of the transaction related fees of Nasdaq and the SEC (iii), there would be a mechanism to determine the purchase price for the shares of Pubco Stock to be purchased by SoftBank from Tether, and (iv) a Material Adverse Effect under the Business Combination Agreement would exclude a change in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin. Additionally, the parties agreed on certain limitations to the CEP Board’s ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders on how to vote with respect to the Business Combination and that the CEP Board would be permitted to advise CEP Shareholders with respect to their redemption rights in certain situations.
On April 2, 2025, CF&Co. launched the marketing process for the April PIPE Investments, and over the period of April 2, 2025 to April 22, 2025, CF&Co. conducted investor outreach, wall-crossed investors, the Executive Officers and CF&Co. held investor meetings and CF&Co. engaged in substantive discussions about the proposed financing terms.
Also on April 2, 2025, Skadden delivered the first draft of the employment term sheet to the Chief Financial Officer. The employment term sheet for the Chief Financial Officer, among others provide terms relating to at-will employment, position, start date, base salary, annual bonus opportunities, equity awards, severance arrangements, vacation entitlements and other benefits and perquisites. From March 31, 2025 to April 22, 2025, representatives from Tether, Skadden, SoftBank, and S&C engaged in a series of negotiations and discussions with the Chief Financial Officer.
Additionally on April 2, 2025, Skadden sent EGS and S&C revised drafts of the Security Agreement, Indenture and form of Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, and EGS sent Skadden and S&C the initial draft of the form of April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement (the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, the Indenture, the Security Agreement and the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, collectively, the “April PIPE Documents”). From April 2, 2025 to April 4, 2025, CEP, EGS, Skadden and S&C exchanged drafts of the April PIPE Documents and
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had meetings among the parties to finalize the April PIPE Documents. The initial drafts of the April PIPE Documents were finalized on April 4, 2025 and were uploaded in the data room for prospective investors in the April PIPE Investments on April 5, 2025.
From April 10, 2025 to April 22, 2025, CF&Co. received indications of interest and comments on the April PIPE Documents from prospective April PIPE Investors, which were shared with all the parties. During this time, the parties negotiated the terms of the April PIPE Documents with the prospective April PIPE Investors, including the addition of the Option. The April PIPE Documents were finalized on April 22, 2025 and on April 22, 2025, the parties agreed on the allocations to the April PIPE Investors.
Between April 2, 2025 and April 22, 2025, CEP, Tether, SoftBank and their respective advisors had various meetings to discuss and exchanged drafts, and negotiated the final terms, of the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements. During this time, the parties negotiated and resolved all open items in the Business Combination Agreement, the Ancillary Agreements and the Engagement Letters. The remaining main points that were resolved included the CEP Board’s ability to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals, the right of the CEP Board to advise CEP Shareholders regarding their redemption rights, that changes in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin are excluded from being a Material Adverse Effect, the structuring of the Mergers and related tax treatment, the consideration to be received by the Sponsor and CF&Co., the terms of the Engagement Letters and the consent rights of SoftBank. The parties also continued to discuss the scope of Pubco’s operations and the relevant Nasdaq listing requirements that may apply. During this time, Skadden provided EGS and S&C with an initial draft of the Governance Term Sheet, to be appended to the Business Combination Agreement, which summarized the agreement between SoftBank and Tether on the terms of Pubco Stock and the framework of Pubco’s corporate governance rules.
On April 5, 2025, April 8, 2025 and April 16, 2025, the officers of CEP provided the CEP Board with updates on the status of the negotiations of the Business Combination and the then current versions of the Business Combination Agreement and Ancillary Agreements.
On April 16, 2025, as a result of ongoing structuring discussions among Skadden, EGS and S&C, the parties determined to further modify the structure of the Business Combination, which steps were finalized between April 17, 2025 and April 20, 2025. The parties concluded that (i) CEP would remain a Cayman Islands company through Closing, (ii) CEP Merger Sub would be a Cayman entity and formed by Pubco, (iii) CEP would form the CEP Subsidiaries after signing the Business Combination Agreement and prior to Closing, and (iv) the Company would be a Delaware limited liability company. On April 16, 2025 and April 17, 2025, Skadden and Tether’s local counsel in the Cayman Islands, Appleby (Cayman) Ltd, took a series of actions to effectuate the changes to the corporate structure.
On April 17, 2025, the CEP Board held a special meeting, which was attended by non-executive officers of CEP and representatives of CF&Co., and which was also attended in part by representatives from Maples & Calder (Cayman), LLP, CEP’s local counsel in the Cayman Islands. In advance of the meeting, in addition to the latest drafts of the Business Combination Agreement and certain of the Ancillary Agreements that had been provided to the CEP Board, CF&Co., in its capacity as financial advisor to CEP, provided the CEP Board with a presentation that included a summary of and other information relating to the Transactions and the market valuations and information presented under the section titled “Comparable Company Analysis.” The CEP Board, with the assistance of its financial and legal advisors, discussed and reviewed the Business Combination, including the then current terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements, the potential benefits of, and risks relating to, the Business Combination, the reasons for entering into the Business Combination Agreement, the proposed timeline for entering into the definitive transaction agreements and announcing the Business Combination, and related fiduciary duties (including with respect to the limitations on the ability of the CEP Board to changes its recommendation to CEP Shareholders to vote in favor of the Proposals as further described herein), and conflicts of interest of Cantor and its affiliates and the officers and directors of CEP with respect to the Business Combination.
On April 19, 2025, April 21, 2025 and April 23, 2025, the officers of CEP provided the CEP Board with (i) various updates on the status of the negotiations of the Business Combination Agreement and certain of the Ancillary Agreements and any changes to the structure of the Transactions, (ii) current drafts and then final versions of the Business Combination Agreement and certain of the Ancillary Agreements, (iii) the final version of the presentation prepared by CF&Co. and presented at the meeting of the CEP Board on April 17, 2025, and (iv) updates on the expected timeline to signing. The officers of CEP provided the CEP Audit Committee with a draft and then the final versions of the Engagement Letters.
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On April 22, 2025, by unanimous written consent, the CEP Board unanimously approved the Business Combination and the other Transactions, the entry into the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to be executed by CEP and recommended that the CEP Shareholders vote “FOR” the Business Combination Proposal. See “— CEP Board’s Reasons for the Approval of the Business Combination” for additional information related to the factors considered by the CEP Board in approving the Business Combination.
Additionally, on April 22, 2025, by unanimous written consent, the CEP Audit Committee unanimously approved the entry into the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions and each of the Ancillary Agreements that included CEP and either the Sponsor or CF&Co. as parties and certain other matters.
On April 22, 2025, by unanimous written consent the respective boards of Tether, Bitfinex, Pubco, the Company and CEP Merger Sub approved the Business Combination and the other Transactions, the entry into the Business Combination Agreement and the Ancillary Agreements to be executed by each of them.
On April 22, 2025, CEP, Pubco, the Company, SPAC Merger Sub, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank executed the Business Combination Agreement. Concurrently with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, (i) CEP, Pubco and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement, (ii) CEP and Pubco entered into each of the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements and Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, (iii) CEP, Pubco and CF&Co. entered into the PIPE Engagement Letter, (iv) CEP and CF&Co. entered into the M&A Engagement Letter, (v) the Company, Tether and Bitfinex entered into the Contribution Agreement, (vi) Tether and SoftBank entered into the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, and (vii) Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Governance Term Sheet. On the same day, Pubco, the Company and CEP delivered to their counterparties their respective disclosure schedules with respect to the Business Combination Agreement. See “— Related Agreements” for additional information.
Further, on April 22, 2025 the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Tether, SoftBank, Skadden, Fenwick and S&C reached agreement on the final forms of the employment term sheets for the Executive Officers, and the relevant parties entered into the term sheets. Pursuant to the final term sheets, Pubco agreed to enter into a definitive employment agreement with each of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, reflecting the terms agreed upon in the term sheets. In addition, Pubco agreed to (i) grant stock options to the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer respectively to purchase certain number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock, and (ii) grant certain number of restricted stock units of Pubco to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, each subject to the terms and conditions of a stock incentive plan to be adopted by Pubco and the terms of the applicable award agreements. Furthermore, the final term sheets for both the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer provide that, if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated, the term sheets will be deemed void, ab initio, as of the date of such termination.
On April 23, 2025, the parties issued a joint press release announcing the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, and CEP filed a Form 8-K with the SEC that included a copy of such press release and the investor presentations for the April PIPE Investments.
On April 28, 2025, CEP filed a Form 8-K with the SEC that included a copy of the executed Business Combination Agreement, the forms or copies of the other Ancillary Agreements and the forms of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement and the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement.
Events Subsequent to the Signing of the Business Combination Agreement and Other Agreements
In accordance with the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, within ten (10) Business Days of the execution of the Business Combination Agreement Tether purchased the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, amounting to 4,812.220927 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $458,700,000, being equal to the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the Convertible Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE less a holdback of $52,000,000.
On May 8, 2025, Skadden shared an initial draft of the Governance Agreement with S&C, to be entered into between Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and Pubco, with respect to the corporate governance of Pubco, including board and committee practices. The terms of the Governance Agreement were built on the Governance Term Sheet.
On May 22, 2025, management of CEP advised the CEP Board and the CEP Audit Committee of the status of the Option, that CEP and Pubco were preparing to launch the process for another PIPE and that as a result of the exercise of the Option and another PIPE, it would be necessary to amend the Sponsor Support Agreement, PIPE Engagement Letter and form of Securities Exchange Agreement.
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On May 22, 2025, the Option Period under the Convertible Notes PIPE Subscription Agreements expired and certain Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor exercised the Option in full. On that same date, the Sponsor entered into a subscription agreement with Pubco and CEP to purchase $12,791,000 of Convertible Notes.
Within ten (10) Business Days of the expiration of the Option Period, Tether purchased 917.47360612 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $99,500,000, being equal to the gross proceeds of the Option Convertible Notes less a holdback of $500,000.
On June 4, 2025, CEP management provided an update to the CEP Board and CEP Audit Committee regarding the June Equity PIPE.
On June 4, 2025, CF&Co. launched the marketing process for the June Equity PIPE. From June 4, 2025 to June 17, 2025, CF&Co. conducted investor outreach, wall-crossed investors, the Executive Officers and CF&Co. held investor meetings and CF&Co. engaged in substantive discussions about the proposed financing terms.
On June 16, 2025, CEP management provided an update to the CEP Board and CEP Audit Committee regarding the finalization of the June Equity PIPE and provided the CEP Board and the CEP Audit Committee of the form of June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement and the then current forms of the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, PIPE Engagement Letter Amendment and form of Securities Exchange Agreement.
On June 17, 2025, by unanimous written consent, the CEP Board approved the entry into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment and the PIPE Engagement Letter Amendment, and the CEP Audit Committee approved the entry into the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment and the PIPE Engagement Letter Amendment.
On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity Subscription Agreements with certain investors, pursuant to which such investors agreed to purchase, and CEP agrees to issue, an 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million ($21.00 per share), of which 676,191 June Equity PIPE Shares will be purchased for 132.9547 Bitcoin, and 7,180,952 June Equity PIPE Shares will be purchased for cash.
On June 20, 2025, CEP filed a Form 8-K with the SEC that included a form of the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement.
In connection with the June Equity PIPE, the parties amended various Ancillary Agreements. On June 23, 2025, Tether and SoftBank amended and restated the SoftBank Purchase Agreement to (i) revise the formula to calculate the number of shares of Pubco Stock that SoftBank will acquire from Tether at Closing and (ii) revise the formula thereunder to calculate the purchase price which SoftBank will pay to Tether for such shares of Pubco Stock, so as to, among other things, account for the June PIPE Bitcoin to be purchased by Tether and sold to Pubco.
On June 24, 2025, Tether, Pubco, SoftBank and CEP entered into the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Tether agreed to purchase a number of Bitcoin equal to $147.5 million, being the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE less a holdback of $3.3 million, by no later than July 3, 2025. At Closing, and upon the funding of the June Equity PIPE, Pubco shall purchase from Tether the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to the June PIPE Net Proceeds.
On June 25, 2025, CEP, Pubco and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, pursuant to which the Sponsor agreed that it may forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles pursuant to the formula set forth therein, and amended the form of Securities Exchange Agreement to be entered into by the Sponsor and Pubco immediately after the Closing to modify the formula of the number of Exchange Shares that the Sponsor will exchange for the Exchange Notes. On the same day, CEP, Pubco and CF&Co. entered into the PIPE Engagement Letter Amendment, pursuant to which the parties amended the formula for determining the number of Engagement Letter Notes, if any, that CF&Co. will receive at Closing and agreed that CF&Co. would receive a cash fee equal to 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE.
On June 27, 2025, CEP filed a Form 8-K with the SEC that included a form of the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment (with a revised Securities Exchange Agreement as an exhibit), the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement and the amended and restated SoftBank Purchase Agreement entered into on June 23, 2025.
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On July 16, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that in accordance with the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, Tether has purchased 1381.15799422 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $147.5 million and an average price per Bitcoin of $106,794.44.
On July 26, 2025, the parties to the Business Combination Agreement entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, which amends the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, to provide that the Additional PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Price used to determine the value of Tether’s contribution of the Additional PIPE to Pubco at the Closing and the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock to be issued to Tether at the Closing in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco shall be based on the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57, rather than on the aggregate amount Tether paid to purchase the Additional PIPE Bitcoin. On July 29, 2025, CEP filed a Form 8-K with the SEC that included a copy of the executed Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement.
CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination
The CEP Board considered a variety of factors in connection with its evaluation of the Business Combination. In light of the complexity of those factors, the CEP Board, as a whole, did not consider it practicable to, nor did it attempt to, quantify or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it took into account in reaching its decision. Individual members of the CEP Board may have given different weight to different factors. Certain information presented in this section is forward-looking in nature and, therefore, should be read in light of the factors discussed under “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Before reaching its decision, the CEP Board reviewed the information provided to it by its management, representatives of the Sponsor and CEP’s legal and financial advisors, including the analyses prepared by CF&Co., in its capacity as financial advisor to CEP, as further described in the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination — Comparable Company Analysis” below.
Neither the CEP Board nor any committee thereof obtained a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether to pursue the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One). Among other items, CF&Co. and the CEP Board reviewed the Comparable Company Analysis prepared by CF&Co. utilizing information provided by Pubco and publicly available information, as further described below, all of which helped form the basis for CF&Co.’s analysis and which the CEP Board used in its review and approval of the terms of the Business Combination (including the consideration to be received by CEP Shareholders and members of Twenty One). The independent directors of the CEP Board did not retain an unaffiliated representative to act solely on behalf of the unaffiliated CEP Shareholders to negotiate the terms of the Business Combination and/or prepare a report concerning the approval of the Business Combination.
The CEP Board determined that pursuing a potential business combination with Pubco and Twenty One would be an attractive opportunity for CEP and the CEP Shareholders, which determination was based on a number of factors including, but not limited to, the following:
• Pubco’s Initial Bitcoin Holdings. Based on the amount of Bitcoin owned by other companies as of the date of signing of the Business Combination Agreement, Pubco expected to launch with the third largest corporate Bitcoin holdings of at least 42,000 Bitcoin at Closing (which was subsequently increased to at least 43,500 as a result of the purchase of the June PIPE Bitcoin and the agreed contribution of the June In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin). This includes (i) the 31,500 Bitcoin that Tether and Bitfinex have agreed to contribute to Twenty One at Closing, (ii) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin that Tether had agreed to purchase within 10 business days of signing the Business Combination Agreement in an amount equal to $458.7 million, which Bitcoin will be sold to Pubco at Closing using the net proceeds of the PIPE Investments at the price paid by Tether to purchase such Bitcoin (as of the date hereof, Tether has purchased 4,812.220927 Bitcoin for $458.7 million), (iii) the Option PIPE Bitcoin that Tether had agreed to purchase within ten (10) business days of the end of the Option Period in the event the Convertible Note Investors exercise the Option, in amount equal to 99.5% of the principal amount of the Option Notes, which Bitcoin will be sold to Pubco at Closing using the net proceeds of the PIPE Investments at the price paid by Tether to purchase such Bitcoin (as of the date hereof, Tether has purchased 917.47360612 Bitcoin for $99.5 million), (iv) the 347.62 Bitcoin that certain April Equity
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PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute at Closing in the April Equity PIPE, and (v) the Additional PIPE Bitcoin that Tether has agreed to sell to Pubco immediately after Closing to ensure that Pubco owns at least 42,000 Bitcoin upon Closing.
• Pubco’s Planned Operations and Strategy. Pubco considers itself a Bitcoin company built by “Bitcoiners for Bitcoiners,” with plans to promote global adoption of Bitcoin as a treasury reserve asset, explore ways to creatively leverage its Bitcoin and prioritize long-term value creation for holders of Pubco Class A Stock. Pubco’s business plan is to (i) strategically accumulate Bitcoin, actively manage its Bitcoin holdings subject to market conditions and other factors and issue debt or equity securities or other capital raising transactions in the short- to medium-term with the objective of generating proceeds to be used for the purchase of Bitcoin and other operating expenses, (ii) accelerate Bitcoin adoption and literacy at both institutional and retail levels through creating, licensing and producing educational content regarding Bitcoin, and (iii) in the future, provide Bitcoin related financial and advisory services.
• Bitcoin as an Attractive Asset Class. Bitcoin is a finite asset with a limited supply of 21 million total Bitcoin, which creates scarcity and positions Bitcoin as a hedging asset against inflationary pressures. With the current U.S. administration viewed as strongly pro-crypto, regulatory clarity in the United States in a pro-crypto manner is more likely, which may increase institutional adoption of Bitcoin and help drive the price of Bitcoin higher. Bitcoin has been a superior performing asset since 2020. As a result, Pubco believes that now is an attractive time for corporations to embrace Bitcoin as an asset, unlocking long-term value and a competitive edge through early adoption.
• Initial Net Asset Value of Pubco’s Bitcoin. The 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex in the Contribution at the Closing are valued pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement at approximately $2.67 billion, or $84,863.57 per Bitcoin, and the April Equity PIPE Investors have agreed to contribute 347.62 Bitcoin at the closing of the Equity PIPE at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin. The CEP Board considered the net asset value of the 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex in the Contribution at the Closing at $84,863.57 per Bitcoin and that the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing is likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin and any increase in price of Bitcoin above this net asset value should lead to appreciation of Pubco Class A Stock. As part of this review, the CEP Board considered the potential impact of the price of Bitcoin and the illustrative enterprise value to Bitcoin market value multiple on Pubco’s share price. See the risk factor entitled “The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares” for an illustration.
• Ownership of Pubco. Pubco will be majority owned by Tether, the world’s largest stablecoin issuer, and Bitfinex, one of the longest active cryptocurrency exchanges, with significant minority ownership from SoftBank, one of the world’s leading technology investment companies. The backing of these investors provides support to Pubco’s mission and operations. The CEP Board considered that such parties expected to continue to hold their shares of Pubco Stock due to their large investments in Pubco, that their shares of Pubco Stock will be locked-up in accordance with the Lock-Up Agreements and will be further restricted under federal securities laws, that they will control management of Pubco due to their holding of shares of Pubco Class B Stock and Tether’s long-term plan for Pubco.
• Pubco Management. Pubco will be led by chief executive and president Jack Mallers. Mr. Mallers is a cryptocurrency entrepreneur and an advocate for its adoption by institutions, corporations and governments. Mr. Mallers will help establish Pubco in the public markets and will continue to advocate for Bitcoin through multiple channels. Steve Meehan will lead the finance role and brings years of public company CFO experience and will drive Pubco’s active Bitcoin treasury management and other business strategies.
• Relationship with Tether. Pubco will be majority owned and controlled by Tether and Bitfinex, which are affiliates of each other. Tether has agreed to provide services to Pubco on an ongoing basis pursuant to the Services Agreement. The ongoing support of Tether is important for Pubco to implement its business plan.
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• Involvement of the April PIPE Investors. The CEP Board considered that the agreement of the April PIPE Investors in the April PIPE Investments (including the Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes to be received by the Sponsor and CF&Co.) to invest an aggregate of $585.0 million (including the Option of the Convertible Note Investors to invest an additional $100 million) in CEP and Pubco at Closing was a validation of Pubco’s valuation and future prospects.
• Market Acceptance of Bitcoin Treasury Companies. The CEP Board considered how companies with large Bitcoin treasuries have traded in the public markets and, as a result, how the shares of Pubco Class A Stock may trade in the markets after Closing. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — CEP Board’s Reasons for Approval of the Business Combination — Comparable Company Analysis” below for additional information regarding these other companies.
• Attractive Valuation. The CEP Board’s determination that if (i) Pubco achieves a trading multiple similar to the trading multiples of other companies with large Bitcoin holdings and (ii) the price of Bitcoin maintains its current value or increases over time, then CEP Shareholders will have acquired their shares in Pubco at an attractive valuation.
• Terms and Conditions of the Business Combination Agreement. The terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination were, in the opinion of the CEP Board, the product of arm’s-length negotiations between the parties.
• Redemption Option. The right of CEP Shareholders to redeem their Public Shares in connection with the Closing as further described herein, which decision may be based on, among other things, the price of Bitcoin and the trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between signing and the date the election to redeem must be made.
In the course of its deliberations, in addition to the various other risks associated with the business of Pubco, as described in the section entitled “Risk Factors” appearing elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, the CEP Board also considered a variety of uncertainties, risks and other potentially negative factors relevant to the Business Combination, including the following:
• Bitcoin and the Volatility of the Price of Bitcoin. Bitcoin is still an emerging asset and is not yet a mainstream investment for most institutions and people. In addition, while Bitcoin has been a well performing asset over the long term in the last five (5) years, the price of Bitcoin is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly. As a result, there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will continue to rise or that the price of Bitcoin will be at least equal to the net asset value of the Bitcoin to be held by Pubco at Closing. For more information, see the risk factors entitled “The trading price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares.”, “We may suffer losses due to abrupt and erratic market movements.” and “Our Bitcoin acquisition strategy exposes us to various risks associated with Bitcoin.”
• Net Asset Value of Pubco’s Bitcoin. As noted above, the initial net asset value of the 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed in the Contribution is $84,863.57 per Bitcoin, valued as of signing, and the CEP Board considered that the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing is likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin. As a result, any decrease in the price of Bitcoin could result in a decrease in the share price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, and may also lead to a decrease in the share price of CEP between the date of the execution of the Business Combination Agreement and the Closing. If the price of Bitcoin at Closing is less than this net asset value, then any CEP Shareholders who choose not to redeem may receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock that are worth less than the redemption price they would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares. As part of this review, the CEP Board considered the potential impact of the price of Bitcoin and the illustrative enterprise value to Bitcoin market value multiple on Pubco’s share price. See the risk factor entitled “The trading price of
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CEP Class A Ordinary Shares between the time of the Business Combination Agreement and Closing and the trading price of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing are likely to be highly correlated to the price of Bitcoin which is volatile and can rise and fall rapidly and quickly and there is no guarantee that the price of Bitcoin will be greater than the Signing Bitcoin Price at Closing or higher than the redemption price that Public Shareholders would have received if they redeemed their Public Shares” for an illustration.
• Limited Right of the CEP Board to Change its Recommendation. As part of the negotiation of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP agreed that the CEP Board would not be permitted to change its recommendation to CEP Shareholders that they vote in favor of the Proposals in certain circumstances, including as a result in the decrease in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin, although the CEP Board will be permitted to recommend that CEP Shareholders redeem their CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in such a situation. See the risk factor entitled “The Business Combination Agreement includes a requirement that the CEP Board will not change its recommendation that CEP Shareholders vote in favor of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, except in limited situations.
• Macroeconomic Risks Generally. Macroeconomic uncertainty, including the potential impact of the potential tariffs to be instituted by the United States government, and the effects they could have on the price of Bitcoin and Pubco’s potential financial performance.
• Regulatory Risks with respect to Bitcoin. Government regulation of cryptocurrencies is evolving and changes in regulation, including tax policy or as a result of any change in administrations or regulators following any future elections, could impact the value of Bitcoin and the value of Pubco.
• Competition in Pubco’s Industry. Due to the premium to net asset value of Bitcoin owned of other public companies that are pursuing Bitcoin treasury strategies, many other parties have sought and will continue to seek to follow and adopt such strategies. This increased number of companies could make it more difficult or expensive for Pubco to, among other things, pursue its strategy of raising funds through public offerings of securities to purchase more Bitcoin for its corporate treasury.
• Risks in Pubco’s Business Plan, which Business Plan May Not be Achieved. Pubco does not have significant operations prior to Closing to evaluate. Pubco may not be successful in building its Bitcoin holdings or in building the ancillary Bitcoin related financial services it intends to launch as it builds its Bitcoin holdings. Further, Pubco’s other businesses may not generate sufficient cash flows to cover all of Pubco’s expenses. In addition, Pubco may encounter unforeseen expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown events that may cause its costs to exceed its expectations.
• Management Team of Pubco. Pubco’s chief executive officer does not have experience managing a public company. Further, Pubco will have limited employees and will be relying on services from Tether, which also does not have experience operating a public company. There are no assurances that Pubco will be able to successfully put in place the financial, operational, legal and managerial resources necessary to perform the functions of a public company.
• No Fairness Opinion/Valuation. Twenty One has no operating history and the volatile nature of the price of Bitcoin makes it difficult to evaluate Pubco’s future prospects. Twenty One’s lack of operating history also makes it difficult to accurately forecast its future results of operations, which are subject to numerous uncertainties as further described herein. In addition, CEP did not obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in connection with the Business Combination. As a result, there is a risk that the CEP Board may not have properly valued Twenty One’s business.
• Shares Available for Sale/Lock-Ups. The shares of Pubco Class A Stock to be issued to (i) the Equity PIPE Investors in exchange for the Equity PIPE Shares and the Sponsor in exchange for the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued to the Sponsor in repayment of the Sponsor Loan are not subject to any lock-up, (ii) the Sponsor in exchange for the CEP Private Placement Shares are subject to a 30-day lock-up, and (iii) the Sponsor in exchange for its Founder Shares, Tether and SoftBank in the Company
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Merger and the shares sold to SoftBank by Tether are subject to a 6 month lock-up (as such date may be extended to the date of the effectiveness of the Resale Registration Statement), subject to the exceptions described in this proxy statement/prospectus. To the extent not registered pursuant to this proxy statement/prospectus, Pubco is required to register such shares of Pubco Class A Stock promptly after Closing. Pubco is also required promptly after Closing to register the Convertible Notes and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes. Upon the registration of such shares of Pubco Class A Stock and upon the expiration of any applicable lock-up, a substantial number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock may become available for sale, which could have a negative impact on Pubco’s share price.
• Securities Exchange Listing. The potential inability of Pubco, as a Bitcoin-native company, to obtain an initial listing and maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or any other securities exchange following the Closing.
• Closing Conditions. Completion of the Business Combination is conditioned on the satisfaction of certain closing conditions that are not within CEP’s control, such as the funding of the April PIPE Investments (exclusive of the Option) by the April PIPE Investors and completion of the Contribution.
• CEP Shareholders Holding a Minority Position in Pubco. CEP Shareholders will hold a minority ownership position in Pubco following completion of the Business Combination, with existing Public Shareholders owning approximately 2.9% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock after Closing, assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan.
• Control of Pubco by Tether. Pubco will have two classes of shares after Closing, with Pubco Class A Stock having no voting rights (except as required by applicable law), until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, and Pubco Class B Stock having voting rights. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. CEP Shareholders will receive shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger and only Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and their permitted transferees will be permitted to own shares of Pubco Class B Stock. As a result, Pubco will be a controlled company under Nasdaq listing standards after Closing, with most decisions of Pubco being controlled by Tether and other decisions requiring approval of Tether and SoftBank. Accordingly, Public Shareholders will not participate in the governance of Pubco after Closing and will be subject to the decisions of Pubco’s controlling shareholders. If Public Shareholders are unhappy with any decisions made, they will only be able to sell their shares of Pubco Class A Stock, potentially at a loss. For additional information relating to limitations on affiliate transactions, see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Pubco Securities.”
• Use of Tether Stablecoin and/or Bitfinex Platform. Pubco may have opportunities to conduct business in Tether’s stablecoin USDT or transact on Bitfinex’s platform, the benefits of which will inure to Tether and/or Bitfinex, respectively, and not all shareholders equally.
• Sponsor Incentives. The Sponsor and its affiliates may be incentivized to complete the Business Combination, or an alternative initial business combination with a less favorable company or on terms less favorable to CEP Shareholders, rather than to liquidate (in which case the Sponsor would lose its entire investment in CEP). In addition, as described elsewhere in this proxy statement/prospectus, the Sponsor and CF&Co. are entitled to consideration or fees that will only be received if the Business Combination is completed. As a result, the Sponsor may have a conflict of interest in determining whether the Business Combination is an appropriate transaction to be consummated by CEP and/or in evaluating the terms of the Business Combination.
• Relationship of Cantor and its affiliates with Tether and SoftBank. In addition to the interests of the Sponsor, its affiliates and certain executive officers and directors of CEP in the Business Combination described in the sections entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination,” the CEP Board considered the
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potential conflicts of interest that Cantor and its affiliates may have as a result of unrelated transactions and agreements they have entered into with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination, pursuant to which Cantor and its affiliates have received fees and other consideration in the past and may continue to receive fees and other consideration in the future. As a result of these other unrelated transactions and agreements, the Sponsor and CF&Co. may be incentivized to complete the Business Combination rather than seek alternative transactions with other parties. In addition, following the Closing, CF&Co. or its affiliates may continue to provide other financial or other services to Pubco, Tether, SoftBank or their respective affiliates.
• Litigation/CEP Shareholder Actions. The possibility of litigation challenging the Business Combination or that an adverse judgment granting permanent injunctive relief could indefinitely enjoin consummation of the Business Combination, including that CEP Shareholders may object to and challenge the Business Combination and take action that may prevent or delay the Closing.
• Fees and Expenses. The fees and expenses associated with completing the Business Combination including those payable to CF&Co.
• Redemptions. The risk that a significant number of holders of Public Shares would exercise their redemption rights, thereby depleting the amount of cash available in the Trust Account to fund Pubco’s business after the Business Combination and reducing Pubco’s public “float” and the liquidity of the trading market for the Pubco Stock upon Closing.
In addition to considering the factors described above, the CEP Board also considered that:
• Interests of Certain Persons. The Sponsor, its affiliates and certain executive officers and directors of CEP, as individuals, may have interests in the Business Combination that are in addition to, and that may be different from and may conflict with, the interests of CEP Shareholders (see sections entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination”). CEP’s independent directors on the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered these interests during the negotiation of the Business Combination and in evaluating and unanimously approving, as members of the CEP Audit Committee, the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
• Differing Returns. The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the CEP Founder Shares (of which it currently holds 2,500,000), which such CEP Founder Shares, if unrestricted and freely tradeable, would be valued at approximately $27,000,000, based on the closing price of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares of $10.80 on April 21, 2025, the business day before the CEP Board approved the Business Combination. Such shares will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated. The Sponsor and its affiliates can earn a positive rate of return on their investment even if Public Shareholders experience a negative return following the consummation of the Business Combination. Further, pursuant to the CEP Memorandum and Articles and assuming no redemptions of Public Shares, as the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into 7,500,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the CEP Merger, and the Sponsor will exchange a certain number of such additional 5,000,000 shares into Convertible Notes immediately after the Closing pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement. The Sponsor will not receive such additional shares or Convertible Notes if the Closing is not consummated. Subsequently, CEP entered into the June PIPE Subscription Agreements and Amendment No. 1 to Sponsor Support Agreement. As a result, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares immediately prior to the CEP Merger (of which 1,419,182 shares will be forfeited by the Sponsor in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), and the Sponsor will exchange 4,630,000 of such additional shares into Convertible Notes immediately after the Closing pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement.
After considering the foregoing, the CEP Board concluded, in its business judgment, that the potential benefits to CEP and the CEP Shareholders relating to the Business Combination outweighed the potentially negative factors and risks relating to the Business Combination.
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Comparable Company Analysis
In connection with its approval of the Business Combination Agreement, the CEP Board considered the illustrative enterprise valuations and the implied value of Bitcoin holdings derived from a group of companies known as Bitcoin Treasury Companies, whose primary business model of acquiring and holding Bitcoin is similar to one of the main aspects of Pubco’s initial business upon the Closing. These metrics were considered by the CEP Board to understand trading valuations of companies pursuing business models similar to Pubco (the “Comparable Company Analysis”).
The selected peer group (the “Comparable Companies”) was identified by CF&Co. based on, among other factors, companies that (a) are publicly traded, (b) have publicly identified themselves as Bitcoin Treasury Companies, (c) hold Bitcoin as a core treasury asset, (d) have raised capital from third parties specifically for the purpose of acquiring Bitcoin, (e) have or are developing operating businesses with limited current revenues or that constitute a small fraction of the value of Bitcoin on the respective companies’ balance sheet and (f) have indicated their intention to further accumulate and own Bitcoin. The Comparable Companies include: (i) MicroStrategy Incorporated (“Strategy”), (ii) Metaplanet Inc. (“Metaplanet”), (iii) Semler Scientific, Inc. (“Semler”) and (iv) Fold, Inc. (“Fold”).
None of the Comparable Companies is identical to Pubco, or one another. Pubco is a newly formed entity whereas each of the Comparable Companies have been in existence for between six (6) and 36 years. Accordingly, a complete valuation analysis of Pubco cannot rely solely upon a quantitative review of the Comparable Companies, and involves complex considerations and judgments concerning differences in financial and operating characteristics of the Comparable Companies, as well as other factors, including, among others, capital structure, access to capital markets and strategic positioning, that could affect their value relative to that of Pubco. Therefore, the Comparable Company Analysis is subject to certain limitations. See the “General” section below for more detail on judgments and assumptions made by CF&Co. as part of the Comparable Company Analysis.
The Comparable Company Analysis assessed Pubco’s enterprise value as a multiple of its Bitcoin value (“EV/BTC”) compared to the EV/BTC of the Comparable Companies. The EV/BTC multiples observed among the Comparable Companies ranged from 1.09x to 3.10x, with a mean of 1.96x. Strategy, the largest and most experienced Bitcoin treasury company, had a EV/BTC of 2.17x as of April 22, 2025, and, since the beginning of 2024 through April 22, 2025, Strategy has traded within an EV/BTC range of 1.32x and 3.89x.
Pubco’s transaction EV/BTC multiple was determined to be 0.96x based on a pro forma EV/BTC calculation, which was based on the following assumptions: (i) a price of $10.00 per share of Pubco Class A Stock, (ii) that there will be approximately 341 million shares of Pubco Class A Stock issued and outstanding at Closing, which includes shares issued to the Public Shareholders, the Sponsor, Tether, Bitfinex, SoftBank and the Equity PIPE Investors as part of the Transactions, and that no Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, (iii) the face value of the Convertible Notes to be issued in the Convertible Notes PIPE assuming no conversion is $385 million (which excludes the Option Notes), (iv) that Pubco will own 42,000 Bitcoin upon the Closing, (v) a Bitcoin price of $91,455 at approximately 4:00 PM on April 22, 2025, per Bloomberg, and (vi) that Pubco will have $120 million of cash on its balance sheet at Closing.
Comparable Company Analysis
|
Company Name |
Price as of |
Market |
Enterprise |
Bitcoin |
Bitcoin |
Enterprise |
||||||||||
|
MicroStrategy Incorporated(3) |
$ |
343.03 |
$ |
100,207.6 |
$ |
106,791.4 |
538,200 |
$ |
49,221.0 |
2.17x |
||||||
|
Metaplanet Inc.(4) |
|
2.46 |
|
1,192.5 |
|
1,283.6 |
4,525 |
|
413.8 |
3.10x |
||||||
|
Semler Scientific, Inc.(5) |
|
33.28 |
|
332.3 |
|
317.4 |
3,192 |
|
291.9 |
1.09x |
||||||
|
Fold Holdings, Inc.(6) |
|
4.00 |
|
197.9 |
|
202.7 |
1,485 |
|
135.8 |
1.49x |
||||||
|
Mean |
|
|
|
|
1.96x |
|||||||||||
|
Median |
|
|
|
|
1.83x |
|||||||||||
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|
Company Name |
Transaction |
Implied |
Implied |
Bitcoin |
Bitcoin |
Enterprise |
||||||||||
|
Pro Forma Twenty One (Excl. Impact of Convert) |
$ |
10.00 |
$ |
3,410.7 |
$ |
3,675.7 |
42,000 |
$ |
3,841.1 |
0.96x |
||||||
____________
Source: Comparable Company filings with the SEC.
Notes: Market capitalization is calculated as fully diluted shares outstanding multiplied by share price. Enterprise value is calculated as the sum, as applicable, of market capitalization, outstanding debt (excluding any in-the-money convertible debt that is assumed to be converted to equity and included in the fully diluted shares outstanding), preferred equity and minority interest less cash and marketable securities.
(1) Assumes a Bitcoin price of $91,455 approximately 4:00 PM on April 22, 2025, per Bloomberg.
(2) Calculated assuming conversion of all convertible debt that has a conversion price lower than the respective company’s share price.
(3) Bitcoin owned per its Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2025.
(4) Bitcoin owned per its press release published on April 13, 2025.
(5) Bitcoin owned per its Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 28, 2025.
(6) Bitcoin owned per its press release published on March 7, 2025.
(7) Includes the sum of (i) 31,500 Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) approximately 10,152 Bitcoin purchased by Tether in respect of the PIPE Bitcoin and the Additional PIPE Bitcoin, and (iii) approximately 348 Bitcoin contributed by June Equity PIPE Investors as part of the June Equity PIPE.
The CEP Board recognized that historic actual operating results, balance sheet information and future projections of operating results or balance sheet information for Pubco were not available to compare multiples based on Pubco’s expected performance in future years with those of the Comparable Companies. The CEP Board also recognized that the operating businesses of each of the Comparable Companies and the operating business being developed by Pubco are (i) each in different sectors with different operating characteristics and (ii) are substantially smaller in relative importance than the value of Bitcoin holdings of the companies, which made comparisons of multiples based on Pubco’s operating performance less applicable.
General
CF&Co. based the Comparable Company Analysis described above on assumptions that it deemed reasonable, including assumptions concerning general business and economic conditions and industry-specific factors. In conducting its valuation analysis, CF&Co. considered the results of all its analyses and did not attribute any particular weight to any one analysis or factor. CF&Co. arrived at its valuation based on the results of all analyses undertaken by it and assessed as a whole and believes that the totality of the factors considered and analyses performed by CF&Co. in connection with its valuation analysis operated collectively. The foregoing summary does not purport to be a complete description of the analyses performed by CF&Co. in connection with the valuation. The preparation of a valuation involves various determinations as to the most appropriate and relevant quantitative and qualitative methods of financial analyses and the application of those methods to the particular circumstances and therefore, is not readily susceptible to summary description. The analyses performed by CF&Co., particularly those based on estimates, are not necessarily indicative of actual values or actual future results, which may be significantly more or less favorable than suggested by such analyses. None of the Comparable Companies used in the Comparable Company Analysis described above are identical to Pubco. Additionally, selected Comparable Companies involved companies at a more advanced stage of development than Pubco. Accordingly, an analysis of publicly traded comparable companies is not mathematical; rather it involves complex considerations and judgments concerning the differences in financial and operating characteristics of the companies and other factors that could affect the value of Pubco and the public trading values of the companies to which it was compared. The analyses do not purport to be appraisals or to reflect the prices at which any securities and the price of Bitcoin, which has historically been highly volatile, may trade at the present time or at any time in the future.
CF&Co.’s valuation was just one of the many factors taken into consideration by the CEP Board in determining to approve the Business Combination. Consequently, CF&Co.’s analysis should not be viewed as determinative of the decision of the CEP Board.
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The CEP Board selected CF&Co. as its exclusive financial advisor in connection with the Business Combination based on CF&Co.’s reputation as a leading global provider of advisory and capital markets services, experience with SPAC business combinations and expertise in mergers and acquisitions, as well as its familiarity with CEP. CEP engaged CF&Co. pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive no fees but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement. CF&Co. was also previously engaged by CEP pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement pursuant to which it will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Further, CF&Co. has been engaged by CEP and Pubco as the exclusive placement agent in connection with the PIPE Investments, pursuant to which CF&Co. expects to receive approximately $19.9 million of cash fees at the Closing. Payment of both of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing. Additionally, CF&Co. and/or its affiliates may seek to provide Pubco, the Sellers and SoftBank with certain investment banking and other services unrelated to the Business Combination in the future. CF&Co. also served as the lead underwriter in the CEP IPO and received a fee of $2.0 million upon closing of the IPO. CF&Co. is an affiliate of each of CEP and the Sponsor. For additional information on the fess to be paid to CF&Co. and conflicts of interest, see the sections of this proxy statement/prospectus titled “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination.”
In the ordinary course of business, CF&Co. and its affiliates may actively trade the equity and debt securities and/or debt of CEP, Pubco and their respective affiliates for the account of CF&Co.’s customers.
Satisfaction of 80% Test
It is a requirement under the CEP Memorandum and Articles and Nasdaq listing requirements that the business or assets acquired in CEP’s initial business combination have a fair market value equal to at least 80% of the balance of the funds in the Trust Account (excluding taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account) at the time of the execution of a definitive agreement for its initial business combination.
As of April 22, 2025, the date of the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, the balance of the funds in the Trust Account was approximately $101.3 million and 80% thereof represents approximately $82.7 million. In reaching its conclusion that the Business Combination meets the 80% asset test, the CEP Board looked at the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed to Twenty One by Tether and Bitfinex in the Business Combination, which is valued at approximately $2.67 billion in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement. In determining whether the value described above represents the fair market value of the Business Combination, the CEP Board considered all of the factors described above in this section and the fact that the valuation of the Bitcoin was based on a public trading price and was the result of an arm’s length negotiation among CEP, Twenty One, Pubco, Tether and SoftBank. As a result, the CEP Board concluded that the fair market value of the business or assets acquired was significantly in excess of 80% of the assets held in the Trust Account (excluding taxes payable on the income earned on the Trust Account). In light of the financial background and experience of the members of CEP’s management team and the CEP Board, the CEP Board believes that the members of its management team and the CEP Board are qualified to determine whether the Business Combination meets the 80% asset test. The CEP Board did not seek or obtain a fairness opinion (or any similar report or appraisal) in determining whether the 80% asset test has been met.
Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
When Public Shareholders consider the recommendation of the CEP Board in favor of approval of the Business Combination and other Proposals, Public Shareholders should keep in mind that the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests in the Proposals that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of a Public Shareholder as a CEP Shareholder. These interests include, among other things:
• As of the date hereof, the Sponsor is the record holder of 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. The following persons have material interests in the Sponsor: Cantor is the sole member of the Sponsor; CFGM is the managing general partner of Cantor; and Howard W. Lutnick is the trustee of CFGM’s sole stockholder. As of the date hereof, each of Cantor, CFGM and Howard W. Lutnick may be deemed to have beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor. Each such entity or person disclaims any beneficial ownership of the reported shares other than to the extent of any pecuniary interest they may have therein, directly or indirectly. Further, on May 16, 2025, Howard W. Lutnick, in his capacity as trustee of a trust, entered
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into agreements to sell to trusts controlled by Brandon Lutnick, CEP’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, all of the voting shares of CFGM. Following the closing of the Cantor Sale Transaction, Brandon Lutnick will be deemed to have voting or dispositive power over the CEP Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, and Howard W. Lutnick will no longer have voting or dispositive power over such CEP Ordinary Shares. Further, Brandon Lutnick is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of each of the Sponsor, Cantor and CFGM. As of the date hereof, other than Brandon Lutnick (as described above) and Danny Salinas (who has a minority limited partnership interest in Cantor), none of CEP’s other directors or executive officers has a direct or indirect ownership interest in the Sponsor and none of CEP’s directors or executive officers has beneficial ownership of the CEP Ordinary Shares held directly by the Sponsor;
• The Sponsor paid $25,000, or approximately $0.01 per share, for the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares, and $3,000,000, or $10.00 per share, for the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. As of September 2, 2025, the aggregate value of such shares is estimated to be approximately $63.6 million, assuming the per share value of the shares is the same as the $22.70 closing price of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares on Nasdaq on September 2, 2025. As a result, the Sponsor is likely to be able to recoup its investment in CEP and make a substantial profit on that investment, even if shares of Pubco Class A Stock have lost significant value after the Closing. This means that the Sponsor could earn a positive rate of return on its investment, even if Public Shareholders experience a negative rate of return in Pubco;
• The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor and purchased by the Sponsor for $3,025,000 will be worthless if a business combination is not consummated by CEP by the end of the Combination Period (as defined below);
• The Sponsor agreed that the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until 30 days after CEP has completed a business combination and the Sponsor agreed that the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares it holds will not be sold or transferred until the earlier of (a) the one-year anniversary of CEP’s business combination and (b) the date on which the successor company completes certain material transactions that result in all of its shareholders having the right to exchange their ordinary shares for cash, securities or other property, subject to in each case to certain exceptions; provided that at Closing, the Sponsor and CEP will enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter to modify clause (a) from one year to six (6) months. These lock-ups will apply to the applicable shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by the Sponsor pursuant to the CEP Merger;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles contains an anti-dilution provision which adjusts the conversion ratio of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares upon their conversion to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares upon certain issuances of equity and equity-linked securities by CEP, which includes the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be issued in the Equity PIPE, such that the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in respect of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares represents 20% of all CEP Ordinary Shares that remain outstanding and are not redeemed in connection with the Business Combination and the Equity PIPE Shares (but excluding the CEP Private Placement Shares). As a result of the foregoing, depending on the number of Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination, the Sponsor’s 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will convert into between 6,964,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if all Public Shares are redeemed) and 9,464,286 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if no Public Shares are redeemed). Pursuant the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPE and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. Such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares will then exchange into an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. The additional shares will be issued to the Sponsor for no additional consideration and a certain number of them will be exchanged for Exchange Notes;
• The Sponsor is a party to the Sponsor Support Agreement and immediately after the Closing will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement with Pubco. Pursuant to the Securities Exchange Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to exchange the Exchange Shares for the Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes
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and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements. Assuming no redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and the issuance of 27,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in the Equity PIPE, of the 8,045,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock that the Sponsor would receive in exchange for its Founder Shares (after forfeiting 1,419,182 shares in accordance with the Sponsor Support Agreement), the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 of such shares for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million. See “Questions and Answers about the Proposals — Q. What equity stake will current Public Shareholders, the PIPE Investors, the Sponsor, the Sellers, SoftBank and their affiliates hold in Pubco immediately after the completion of the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments?” for further information about the Securities Exchange Agreement.
• CF&Co., an affiliate of the Sponsor and Cantor, is a party to the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which Pubco and CEP engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments, and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services, and the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as CEP’s exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. Pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, for the services provided thereto CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19.9 million, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. may also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement. In addition, CF&Co. previously entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement with CEP on August 12, 2024, pursuant to which CF&Co. will receive a $3.5 million cash fee at the Closing. Payment of the foregoing fees are contingent on the Closing.
• Pursuant to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed to purchase Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 at Closing (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes).
• The Sponsor and CEP’s officers and directors have agreed not to redeem any CEP Ordinary Shares held by them in connection with a shareholder vote to approve a proposed business combination, including the Business Combination;
• The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law: (i) no individual serving as a director or an officer shall have any duty, except and to the extent expressly assumed by contract, to refrain from engaging directly or indirectly in the same or similar business activities or lines of business as CEP; and (ii) CEP renounces any interest or expectancy in, or in being offered an opportunity to participate in, any potential transaction or matter which may be a corporate opportunity for any director or officer, on the one hand, and CEP, on the other. In the course of their other business activities, CEP’s officers and directors may have, or may become aware of, other investment and business opportunities which may be appropriate for presentation to CEP as well as the other entities with which
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they are affiliated. CEP’s management has pre-existing fiduciary duties and contractual obligations and if there is a conflict of interest in determining to which entity a particular business combination opportunity should be presented, any pre-existing fiduciary obligation will be presented the business combination opportunity before CEP is presented with it. CEP does not believe that the pre-existing fiduciary duties or contractual obligations of its officers and directors materially impacted its search for an acquisition target;
• CEP has until the end of the Combination Period to consummate an initial business combination. If the Business Combination with Twenty One is not consummated and CEP does not consummate another business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP will cease all operations except for the purpose of winding up, redeeming 100% of the issued and outstanding Public Shares for cash and, subject to the approval of its remaining shareholders and the CEP Board, dissolving and liquidating, subject in each case above to CEP’s obligations under Cayman Islands law to provide for claims of creditors and the requirements of other applicable law. In such event, the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares and 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor would be worthless because the Sponsor has waived its right to participate in any redemption or distribution with respect to such CEP Ordinary Shares, and the Sponsor and CF&Co. will not receive any of the securities and fees described above;
• CEP has issued the Sponsor Loan to the Sponsor in respect of the loans the Sponsor has made, and will make, to CEP to fund CEP’s expenses relating to investigating and selecting an acquisition target and other working capital requirements. The Sponsor Loan does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination; provided that, at the Sponsor’s option, all or any portion of the amount outstanding under the Sponsor Loan may be converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. Otherwise, the Sponsor Loan would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $645,543 outstanding under the Sponsor Loan. If the Business Combination or another business combination is not consummated by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor Loan may not be repaid to the Sponsor, in whole or in part. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor has agreed that upon consummation of the Business Combination, all the amounts owed by CEP to it under the Sponsor Loan (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) will be repaid in the form of newly issued CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, rather than in cash, at a value of $10.00 per share;
• CEP has also issued the Sponsor Note (as further described under the heading “Information About CEP”) in connection with certain loans the Sponsor will make to CEP in connection with each Redemption Event, such that an amount equal to $0.15 per Public Share being redeemed in connection with the applicable Redemption Event will be added to the Trust Account and paid to the holders of the applicable redeemed Public Shares on such Redemption Event. The Sponsor Note does not bear interest and is repayable by CEP to the Sponsor upon consummation of a business combination. Otherwise, the Sponsor Note would be repaid only out of funds held outside of the Trust Account. As of June 30, 2025, CEP had $0 outstanding under the Sponsor Note. The Sponsor Note, if drawn, will not be repaid to the extent that the amount of the Sponsor Note exceeds the amount of available proceeds not deposited in the Trust Account if a business combination is not completed;
• If CEP is unable to complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, the Sponsor has agreed to be liable to CEP if and to the extent of any claims by a third party for services rendered or products sold to CEP or by a prospective acquisition target with which CEP has entered into a written letter of intent, confidentiality or similar agreement or business combination agreement, in each case, reduce the amount of redemption amount to below the lesser of (i) the sum of (A) $10.00 per Public Share and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event and (ii) the sum of (A) the actual amount per Public Share held in the Trust Account as of the date of the liquidation of the Trust Account, if less than $10.00 per share due to reductions in the value of the trust assets, less interest released to pay taxes, and (B) $0.15 per redeemed Public Share pursuant to the funding of the Sponsor Note in connection with a Redemption Event, provided that such liability will not apply to any claims by a third party or prospective acquisition target who executed a waiver of any and all rights to the monies held in the Trust Account (whether or not such waiver is enforceable) nor will it apply to any claims under CEP’s indemnity of the underwriters of the CEP IPO against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act and CEP’s public auditor;
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• The Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors and their affiliates are entitled to reimbursement for any out-of-pocket expenses incurred by them in connection with certain activities on CEP’s behalf, such as identifying, investigating, negotiating and completing a business combination. If CEP does not complete a business combination by the end of the Combination Period, CEP may not have the cash necessary to reimburse these expenses. As of the date of this proxy statement/prospectus, none of the Sponsor, CEP’s officers and directors or their affiliates has incurred any such expenses which would be reimbursed at the Closing; and
• CEP’s officers and directors will be eligible for continued indemnification and continued coverage under a tail policy for CEP’s directors’ and officers’ liability insurance policy for up to a six-year period from and after the Closing for events occurring prior to the Closing, which tail policy is to be paid for by Pubco at the Closing pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement. If the Business Combination does not close, CEP’s officers and directors may not receive this tail insurance coverage.
Unrelated to the Business Combination, affiliates of the Sponsor and Cantor, including CF&Co., have provided investment banking and other advisory services to Tether, SoftBank and their respective affiliates in the past and may continue to do so in the future. Cantor and its affiliates, including CF&Co., received or may receive customary fees, commissions or other compensation in connection with such services. Cantor and its affiliates are also party to other agreements with Tether and its affiliates (including ownership by an affiliate of Cantor of a convertible note in Tether’s parent company that is convertible into a minority ownership interest in Tether’s parent company), that are unrelated to the Business Combination and may pursue additional business relationships and opportunities in the future with Tether unrelated to the Business Combination.
For more information, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions” and see the risk factor entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Since the Sponsor and CEP’s directors and officers have interests that are different from, or in addition to (and which may conflict with), the interests of Public Shareholders, a conflict of interest may have existed in determining whether the Business Combination with Pubco and Twenty One is appropriate as CEP’s initial business combination. Such interests include that the Sponsor will lose its entire investment in CEP if the Business Combination is not completed or any other business combination is not completed.”
CEP’s management determined that, in light of the potential conflicting interests described above with respect to the Sponsor and its affiliates, the CEP Audit Committee should separately review and consider the potential conflicts of interest with respect to the Sponsor and its Affiliates arising out of the proposed Business Combination and the proposed terms in respect thereof. Accordingly, the CEP Audit Committee reviewed and considered such interests and, after taking into account the factors they deemed applicable (including the potential conflicting interests), unanimously approved the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated therein.
Interests of Pubco’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination
In considering the recommendation of the CEP Board to vote in favor of approval of the Proposals, unaffiliated CEP Shareholders should keep in mind that the directors and executive officers of Pubco have interests in such Proposals that are different from or in addition to, those of unaffiliated CEP Shareholders. In particular:
• Pubco is in the process of negotiating employment agreements with its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and expects to enter into an employment agreement with each of them prior to the Closing. Pubco also intends to grant equity awards under the Incentive Plan to Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer in accordance with their employment agreements. As party to the anticipated employment agreements and recipients of the anticipated equity awards, Pubco’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer may have interests in the Business Combination that are different from, or in addition to, the shareholders of Pubco; and
• The fact that Jack Mallers, Chief Executive Officer and President of Pubco, is expected to become a director of Pubco at Closing.
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Consideration to be Received by, and Securities to be Issued to, the Sponsor and its Affiliates
Set forth below is a summary of the terms and amount of the consideration received or to be received by the Sponsor and its Affiliates in connection with the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments, the amount of securities issued or to be issued by Pubco to the Sponsor and its Affiliates and the price paid or to be paid or consideration provided for such securities or any related financing transaction.
|
Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
||
|
Sponsor |
• 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares; (i) The 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares will be adjusted pursuant to the anti-dilution provisions of the CEP Memorandum and Articles as described above which will result in the Sponsor receiving between 6,964,286 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 9,464,286 (assuming No Redemptions) CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (assuming that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements), after which the Sponsor will forfeit between 0 (assuming 100% Redemptions) and 1,419,182 (assuming No Redemptions) of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares; and |
• $25,000 paid to purchase the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares |
||
|
(ii) Of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares received by the Sponsor, the Sponsor will retain 3,415,104 shares of Pubco Class A Stock received in the CEP Merger, representing the 2,500,000 Founder Shares and 915,104 shares in additional consideration, and exchange the remaining shares for the Exchange Notes. Assuming No Redemptions and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46.3 million and assuming 100% Redemptions, the Sponsor will receive Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of approximately $35.5 million. |
||||
|
• 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
• $3,000,000 paid to purchase the 300,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares |
|||
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• Additional CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and/or cash |
• Amounts outstanding at the Closing under the Sponsor Loan will be repaid by the issuance of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share (other than certain expenses incurred with the SEC and Nasdaq in connection with the Business Combination) |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $12,791,000 (constituting its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes) |
• $12,791,000 paid in cash to purchase the 12,791 Convertible Notes |
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Entity |
Interest in Securities/Other Consideration |
Price Paid or to be Paid or |
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CF&Co. |
• $3,500,000 in cash |
• Services pursuant to the Business Combination Marketing Agreement |
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• Approximately $19.9 million in cash, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
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• Convertible Notes with an aggregate principal amount of between $0 (assuming No Redemptions) and approximately $10.8 million (assuming 100% Redemptions) (constituting the Engagement Letter Notes), which, together with the Exchange Notes, is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration (assuming that all such April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements) |
• Services pursuant to the PIPE Engagement Letter |
Because the Sponsor acquired the 2,500,000 CEP Class B Ordinary Shares at a nominal price, the Public Shareholders will incur substantial and immediate dilution upon the Closing of the Business Combination. See the sections titled “Summary of the Proxy Statement/Prospectus — Dilution”, “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — The value of the CEP Founder Shares following completion of the Business Combination is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, even if the trading price of shares of Pubco Class A Stock at such time is substantially less than $10.00 per share, which may create an economic incentive for the CEP management team to pursue and consummate the Business Combination which differs from the Public Shareholders,” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — Public Shareholders who do not redeem their Public Shares will experience substantial and immediate dilution upon Closing of the Business Combination as a result of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares held by the Sponsor, since the value of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares is likely to be substantially higher than the nominal price paid for them, as well as a result of the issuance of the shares of Pubco Stock in the Business Combination and the PIPE Investments.”
Potential Purchases of Public Shares
In connection with the CEP Shareholder vote to approve the Business Combination, the Sponsor, CEP’s directors, officers, advisors or any of their respective affiliates may purchase Public Shares in privately negotiated transactions or in the open market either prior to or following the completion of the Business Combination, although they are under no obligation to do so.
Any such purchases shall be effected at a price per share no higher than the amount per share a Public Shareholder would receive if it elected to have its Public Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase Public Shares in such transactions. Such a purchase may include a contractual acknowledgment that such shareholder, although still the record holder of Public Shares is no longer the beneficial owner thereof and therefore agrees not to exercise its redemption rights. In the event that the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or any of their affiliates purchase
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Public Shares in privately negotiated transactions from Public Shareholders who have already elected to exercise their redemption rights, such selling shareholders would be required to revoke their prior elections to redeem their Public Shares. It is intended that, if Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act would apply to such purchases, then such purchases will comply with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act, to the extent it applies, which provides a safe harbor for purchases made under certain conditions, including with respect to timing, pricing and volume of purchases. Any such purchases, together with the CEP Ordinary Shares currently owned by the Sponsor, could influence the vote on the Business Combination or otherwise result in the completion of the Business Combination that may not otherwise have been possible.
Additionally, at any time at or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, subject to applicable securities laws (including with respect to material non-public information), the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers and their affiliates may enter into transactions with investors and others to provide them with incentives to acquire Public Shares or not to elect to have their Public Shares redeemed. However, they have no current commitments, plans or intentions to engage in such transactions and have not formulated any terms or conditions for any such transactions. None of the funds in the Trust Account will be used to purchase public shares in such transactions.
In the event the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates were to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, such purchases would be structured in compliance with the requirements of Rule 14e-5 under the Exchange Act to the extent such rule is applicable including, in pertinent part, through adherence to the following:
• CEP would disclose in this proxy statement/prospectus the possibility that the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates may Public Shares from Public Shareholders outside the redemption process, along with the purpose of such purchases;
• if the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates were to purchase Public Shares from Public Shareholders, they would do so at a price no higher than the price offered through the redemption process;
• CEP would include in this proxy statement/prospectus a representation that any of the Public Shares purchased by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates would not be voted in favor of approving the Business Combination;
• the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates would either not possess any redemption rights with respect to such Public Shares or they would waive such rights; and
• CEP would disclose in a Form 8-K filed prior to the Extraordinary General Meeting, the following items, to the extent material:
• the amount of Public Shares purchased outside of the redemption offer by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates, along with the average purchase price;
• the purpose of the purchases by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates;
• the impact, if any, of the purchases by the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates on the likelihood that the Business Combination will be approved at the Extraordinary General Meeting;
• the identities of the CEP Shareholders who sold Public Shares to the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates (if not purchased in the open market) or the nature of the CEP Shareholders (e.g., 5% shareholders) who sold Public Shares to the Sponsor, CEP’s directors and officers or their affiliates; and
• the number of Public Shares for which CEP has received redemption requests pursuant to its redemption offer as of a date shortly prior to the filing date of the Form 8-K.
If such purchases are made, the public “float” of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may be reduced and the number of beneficial holders of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares may be reduced, which may make it difficult to maintain or obtain the quotation, listing or trading of Public Shares on Nasdaq or another securities exchange. Any such purchases will be reported pursuant to Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act to the extent such purchasers are subject to such.
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Recommendation of the CEP Board
After careful consideration of the matters described above, the CEP Board determined unanimously that each of the Business Combination Proposal, the Merger Proposal, the NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Nasdaq Proposal and the Adjournment Proposal, if presented, is advisable and in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and unanimously recommend that you vote or give instructions to vote “FOR” each of these Proposals.
The foregoing discussion of the information and factors considered by the CEP Board is not meant to be exhaustive but includes the material information and factors considered by the CEP Board as well as any other factors that the CEP Board deemed relevant. The CEP Board’s decision to approve the Business Combination was based on factors existing as of the date of its approval on April 22, 2025.
The Amended and Restated Pubco Charter
At or prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, the board of directors and stockholders of Pubco will amend and restate Pubco’s certificate of formation in the form of the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter. Pubco’s Amended and Restated Pubco Charter will reflect the following material differences from the CEP Memorandum and Articles:
• the name of the new public entity will be Twenty One Capital, Inc.
• Pubco will be incorporated under the laws of the State of Texas, as opposed to the laws of the Cayman Islands;
• Pubco’s corporate existence is perpetual as opposed to CEP’s corporate existence terminating if a business combination is not consummated by CEP within a specified period of time; and
• The Amended and Restated Pubco Charter do not include the various provisions applicable only to SPACs that the CEP Memorandum and Articles contains.
For more information regarding the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter, see the section entitled “Description of Pubco Securities.”
Comparison of Corporate Governance and Shareholder Rights
There are certain differences in the rights of Pubco’s shareholders and CEP Shareholders prior to the Business Combination and following the consummation of the Business Combination. Please see the section of this proxy statement/prospectus entitled “Description of Pubco Securities.”
Regulatory Matters
The Business Combination and the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are not subject to any additional federal or state regulatory requirement or approval, except for (i) filings with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands necessary to effectuate the CEP Merger, which will be filed on behalf of CEP and CEP Merger Sub with the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands and (ii) filings with the Delaware Secretary of State necessary to effectuate the Company Merger, which will be filed on behalf of Twenty One and Company Merger Sub with the Delaware Secretary of State upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and satisfaction of all other conditions not waived by the applicable parties under the Business Combination Agreement.
Anticipated Accounting Treatment
The Business Combination will be accounted for as a reverse recapitalization in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Under this method of accounting, CEP will be treated as the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes. This determination was primarily based on the current members of Twenty One having a majority of the voting power of Pubco upon the Closing, Twenty One senior management comprising all of the senior management of Pubco, and Twenty One’s operations comprising the ongoing operations of Pubco. Accordingly, for accounting purposes, the Business Combination will be treated as the equivalent of Twenty One issuing shares for the net assets of CEP,
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accompanied by a recapitalization. The net assets of CEP will be stated at historical cost, with no goodwill or other intangible assets recorded. As a result, any transaction costs incurred to effect the recapitalization represent costs related to issuing equity and raising capital that are recognized as a reduction to the total amount of equity raised rather than an expense recorded as incurred. Operations prior to the Business Combination will be those of Twenty One.
Required Vote and Recommendation of the CEP Board
The Closing is conditioned on, among other things, the approval of the Business Combination Proposal at the Meeting. The consummation of the Business Combination will require an ordinary resolution, being a resolution passed at the Meeting by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement but will not have an effect on the Business Combination Proposal.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares, representing 21.9% of the issued and outstanding CEP Ordinary Shares, in favor of the adoption and approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination and each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters as described below under “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Sponsor Support Agreement.”
If the Business Combination Proposal is not approved, then the other Proposals (other than the Adjournment Proposal) will not be presented to the CEP Shareholders for a vote.
The full text of the resolution to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as an ordinary resolution, that the entry by Cantor Equity Partners, Inc. (“CEP”) into the Business Combination Agreement, dated as of April 22, 2025 (as may be amended or restated from time to time, the “Business Combination Agreement”), by and among CEP, Pubco, SPAC Merger Sub, Twenty One, the Sellers and SoftBank (each as defined in the Business Combination Agreement), pursuant to which: (i) CEP will merge with and into SPAC Merger Sub, with SPAC Merger Sub continuing as the surviving entity and as a result of which the shareholders of CEP (the “CEP Shareholders”) will receive one share of Pubco Class A common stock for each Class A ordinary share of CEP held by such CEP Shareholder; and (ii) Twenty One will merge with and into Company Merger Sub, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the surviving company, and as a result of which the Sellers will receive shares of Class A common stock of Pubco and shares of Class B common stock of Pubco in exchange for their membership interests in Twenty One, and the performance by CEP of its obligations thereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated thereby be ratified, approved, adopted and confirmed in all respects. All of the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement are collectively referred to as the “Business Combination.”
THE CEP BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT CEP SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE BUSINESS COMBINATION PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of CEP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what they may believe is in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and what they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that CEP Shareholders vote for the proposals. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion.
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On April 22, 2025, CEP, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Company, Tether, Bitfinex and, solely for certain limited purposes, SoftBank, entered into the Business Combination Agreement (as amended on July 26, 2025). Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, upon Closing, (i) CEP will merge with and into CEP Merger Sub in the CEP Merger, with CEP Merger Sub continuing as the CEP Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which CEP Shareholders will receive one share of Pubco Class A Stock for each CEP Class A Ordinary Share held by such CEP Shareholder (including the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon conversion of the CEP Class B Ordinary Shares in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles), and (ii) the Company will merge with and into Company Merger Sub in the Company Merger, with Company Merger Sub continuing as the Company Surviving Subsidiary, as a result of which the Sellers will receive shares of Pubco Stock in exchange for their Company Interests as described below.
To effect the Mergers and other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, prior to Closing, CEP incorporated CEP Subsidiary A, which in turn incorporated CEP Subsidiary B, which in turn incorporated Company Merger Sub, each of which was incorporated on July 11, 2025. Immediately following completion of the Mergers and the other transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement, CEP Surviving Subsidiary and Company Surviving Subsidiary will become wholly owned subsidiaries of Pubco and Pubco will become a publicly traded company, all upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Business Combination Agreement and in accordance with applicable law.
Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 22, 2025, Tether, Bitfinex and the Company entered into the Contribution Agreement pursuant to which, immediately prior to Closing, such parties will consummate the Contribution whereby (i) Tether will contribute to the Company 24,500 Bitcoin, and (ii) Bitfinex will contribute to the Company 7,000 Bitcoin, for an aggregate contribution of 31,500 Bitcoin, in each case in exchange for an equal number Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests. Following completion of the Contribution, but immediately prior to Closing, the Sellers will own 100% of the issued and outstanding Company Interests.
In addition, on April 22, 2025, Pubco and CEP entered into the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with the Convertible Note Investors, who have agreed to make a private investment in Pubco by purchasing Convertible Notes. Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco granted the Convertible Note Investors the Option to purchase the Option Notes at any time before the end of the Option Period, on a pro rata basis based on such Convertible Note Investor’s participation in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE, which Option was fully subscribed for by certain of the Convertible Note Investors and the Sponsor. In connection therewith, on May 22, 2025, the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement on substantially the same terms as the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with respect to its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes.
On April 22, 2025, Pubco and CEP entered into the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the April Equity PIPE Investors, who have agreed to make a private investment in CEP by purchasing 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million, which includes the value of an aggregate of 347.6168 Bitcoin to be invested by certain April Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash. On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the June Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million, which includes the value of an aggregate of 132.9547 Bitcoin to be invested by certain June Equity PIPE Investors instead of cash. The April Equity PIPE Investors and June Equity PIPE Investors confirmed, at the time of entering into their respective subscription agreements, the amounts, if any, that they will contribute as In-Kind PIPE Bitcoin.
Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, (i) CEP, Pubco and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement, which was amended on June 25, 2025 by the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, pursuant to which, among other matters described below, Pubco and Sponsor agreed to enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement at Closing, pursuant to which Sponsor will exchange the Exchange Shares for Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share, and (ii) Pubco, CEP and CF&Co. entered into the PIPE Engagement Letter, pursuant to which, among other matters, CF&Co. may receive Engagement Letter Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Assuming no redemptions of any Public Shares and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE
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Subscription Agreements, the Sponsor would exchange 4,630,000 shares of Pubco Class A Stock for Exchange Notes with an aggregate principal amount of $46,300,000 and CF&Co. will not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. With the inclusion of the Subscription Notes, Option Notes, Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes, the total aggregate principal value of the Convertible Notes will be $486.5 million.
Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) Tether has purchased the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, being 4,812.220927 Bitcoin, for an aggregate purchase price equal to the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds and, at Closing, Tether will sell the Initial PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco for an amount equal to the Initial PIPE Net Proceeds, and (ii) Tether has purchased the Option PIPE Bitcoin, being 917.47360612 Bitcoin, for an aggregate purchase price equal to the Option PIPE Net Proceeds and, at Closing, Tether will sell the Option PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco for an amount equal to the Option PIPE Net Proceeds. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, Tether will also sell the Additional PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco at Closing in exchange for additional shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock.
On May 12, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that Tether has purchased, as the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, 4,812.220927 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $458,700,000 and an average price per Bitcoin of $95,319.83. On June 9, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that Tether has purchased, as the Option PIPE Bitcoin, 917.47360612 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $99,500,000 and an average purchase price per Bitcoin of $108,449.99.
On June 23, 2025, Tether, Pubco, SoftBank and, solely for certain limited purposes, CEP, entered into the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Tether agreed to purchase the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $147,500,000, being the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE less a holdback of $3.3 million.
On July 16, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that in accordance with the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, Tether has purchased 1381.15799422 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $147.5 million and an average price per Bitcoin of $106,794.44.
Concurrently with the signing of the Business Combination Agreement, on April 22, 2025, Tether and SoftBank entered into the SoftBank Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement (as amended and restated on June 23, 2025), immediately following the Closing, SoftBank will purchase from Tether, and Tether will transfer to SoftBank, the SoftBank Shares in exchange for cash. On June 23, 2025, Tether and SoftBank amended and restated the SoftBank Purchase Agreement to (i) revise the formula thereunder to calculate the number of shares of Pubco Stock that SoftBank will acquire from Tether at Closing and (ii) revise the formula thereunder to calculate the purchase price which SoftBank will pay to Tether for the SoftBank Shares.
On April 22, 2025, Pubco, CEP and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement providing that, among other things, the Sponsor agreed (i) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of the adoption and approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions and each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters, (ii) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares against any Alternative Transactions, (iii) to comply with the restrictions imposed by the Insider Letter, including the restrictions on transfer and redemption of CEP Ordinary Shares in connection with the Transactions, and (iv) subject to and conditioned upon the Closing, any loans outstanding from the Sponsor to CEP shall be repaid as follows: (a) with respect to the Sponsor Loan, the aggregate amount owed by CEP, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement, will be automatically converted, immediately prior to the CEP Merger, into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share, and that upon the issuance and delivery of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor, the Sponsor Loan will be deemed satisfied in full, provided, however, that the portion of the Sponsor Loan that is drawn by or on behalf of CEP to pay for any fees, costs and expenses of the SEC or Nasdaq pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement will be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement and (b) with respect to all other CEP Loans (other than the Sponsor Loan), all amounts outstanding thereunder as of the Closing, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement, will be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance the Business Combination Agreement. The parties also agreed to permit CEP and the Sponsor to amend the Insider Letter at Closing to shorten the lock-up restrictions applicable to the CEP Founder Shares from one (1) year to six (6) months. Further, the Sponsor agreed to enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement at Closing.
On June 25, 2025, Pubco, CEP and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, pursuant to which the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the
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lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPE and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00.
On April 22, 2025, along with the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Governance Term Sheet, which sets out the main terms upon which Pubco will prepare the Proposed Organizational Documents, which will be adopted at or prior to Closing. At Closing, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will enter into the Governance Agreement, which will implement the terms of the Governance Term Sheet. Pursuant to the Proposed Organizational Documents, Pubco will issue two (2) classes of shares of Pubco Stock, with different voting and economic rights attached to them. The shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights other than as required by applicable law, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, whereas, holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote per share. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Holders of Pubco Class A Stock will be entitled to receive distributions in proportion to the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by them, whereas, holders of Pubco Class B Stock will not have any economic rights. In addition, the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will be listed for trading and will be freely transferable, subject to the terms of the Lock-Up Agreements, the Insider Letter and any restrictions pursuant to applicable laws. The shares of Pubco Class B Stock will not be listed or freely transferable, except as permitted pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Bylaws. The parties agreed to take all necessary action so that effective as of the Closing, the board of directors of Pubco will consist of seven individuals, six of which are to be designated by the Sellers and SoftBank, with the final director to be the chief executive officer of Pubco.
On July 26, 2025, the parties to the Business Combination Agreement entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, which amends the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, to provide that the Additional PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Price used to determine the value of Tether’s contribution of the Additional PIPE to Pubco at the Closing and the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock to be issued to Tether at the Closing in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco shall be based on the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57, rather than on the aggregate amount Tether paid to purchase the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
At Closing, the Sponsor, CEP, Pubco, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will enter into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, which will add Pubco as a party and provide registration rights with respect to the resale of the shares of Pubco Stock held by the Sponsor, each Seller and SoftBank.
At Closing, Pubco will enter into Lock-Up Agreements, pursuant to which each of Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will agree not to, subject to certain exceptions, transfer its shares of Pubco Stock for a period of six months, which may be extended pursuant to the terms of such Lock-Up Agreements, after the Closing.
At Closing, Pubco and Tether will enter into the Services Agreement, pursuant to which Tether will agree to provide, or cause to be provided, services including information technology services, such as the development and maintenance of IT systems and cybersecurity; legal services related to regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and intellectual property; health, safety, and environmental services; management and commercialization of intellectual property; treasury and risk management, including Bitcoin trading; human resources services like payroll and benefits administration; and investor relations services, to Pubco and its subsidiaries in exchange for a services fee in the amount of $30,000 per calendar quarter or such other amount as may be agreed by the parties thereto.
Upon the completion of the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will own approximately 2.9%, 5.8%, 2.3%, 1.1%, 0%, 65.6% and 22.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock, respectively and approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class B Stock, respectively.
Each holder of shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights except as required by the TBOC, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled. Once all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled, holders of Pubco Class A Stock will acquire full voting rights. Each holder of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one vote for each share of Pubco Class B Stock held of record by such holder on all matters on which stockholders are generally entitled
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to vote. Therefore under the above assumptions, (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the June Equity PIPE Investors, (iv) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (v) the directors and officers of CEP, (vi) the Sellers and (vii) SoftBank, in each case, will have approximately 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 0%, 74.7% and 25.3% of the voting power of Pubco, respectively, following the Business Combination.
The price per share of Pubco Class A Stock is $10.00 per share for (i) Public Shareholders, (ii) the April Equity PIPE Investors, (iii) the Sponsor and its Affiliates, (iv) the directors and officers of CEP, (v) the Sellers and (vi) SoftBank, and $21.00 per share for the June Equity PIPE Investors.
The value of the consideration that the Public Shareholders are each receiving in connection with the Business Combination is thus $10.00 per share.
The aggregate value of the total consideration that the Sponsor and its Affiliates will receive, comprising shares of Pubco Class A Stock valued at $10.00 per share, Convertible Notes valued based on the aggregate principal amount of such Convertible Notes and the cash fees to be paid to CF&Co. as further described herein, is $121,359,052, assuming, among other things, that the Sponsor Loan is fully drawn (for a maximum amount of $1,750,000), that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, no amount is drawn under the Sponsor Note and that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements.
The value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will each receive, comprising an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, together valued at $10.00 per share, is $1,682,703,800, $594,044,990 and $771,778,800, respectively. Pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, (i) Bitfinex will receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the dollar value of 7,000 Bitcoin pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00 and (ii) Tether will initially receive an equal number of shares of both Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock equal to the combined dollar value of its 24,500 Bitcoin contribution pursuant to the Contribution Agreement (which comprises 14,000 Bitcoin contributed on its behalf and 10,500 Bitcoin contributed in contemplation of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement), using the Signing Bitcoin Price, divided by $10.00. Tether will transfer a portion of these shares (consisting of an equal number of Pubco Class A and Pubco Class B Stock) as SoftBank Shares to SoftBank pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement. The calculation for the SoftBank Shares begins with the Base Share Amount, which is the lesser of the dollar value of 10,500 Bitcoin (using the average Bitcoin Price for the ten-day period ending on the business day immediately before the Closing) or $1 billion, divided by $10.00. This Base Share Amount is then reduced by any Net Settlement Shares (a reduction SoftBank can elect in lieu of a cash payment for accrued interest costs including the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and the PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount), and by any Withholding Shares for taxes. The consideration amount of $771,778,800, assumes 77,177,880 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock are transferred to SoftBank by Tether pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, calculated assuming (a) a Bitcoin Price as of the day immediately before Closing of $109,958.41, (b) that SoftBank pays the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount in cash rather than by reducing the number of shares transferred by Tether to SoftBank, and (c) that there are no Withholding Shares (as defined in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement). The aggregate value of the consideration that Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank are receiving through the shares of Pubco they will own at Closing is $3,048,527,590.
The Business Combination Agreement
Merger Consideration and the Mergers
CEP Merger
At the time on the date of Closing when the plan of merger entered into by CEP Merger Sub, CEP and Pubco (the “CEP Plan of Merger”) is registered by the Registrar of Companies of the Cayman Islands in accordance with the Cayman Companies Act (or such other time as specified in the CEP Plan of Merger) (such time, the “CEP Merger Effective Time”), by virtue of the CEP Merger and without any action on the part of any party to the Business Combination Agreement:
• each issued and outstanding CEP Class B Ordinary Share (other than treasury shares) will be automatically converted into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles;
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• each issued and outstanding CEP Class A Ordinary Share (other than (x) treasury shares, (y) Public Shares in respect of which Public Shareholders have exercised their rights of redemption and (z) CEP Dissenting Shares) will be automatically converted into one (1) share of Pubco Class A Stock; and
• each ordinary share of CEP Merger Sub issued and outstanding will be converted into an equal number of ordinary shares, par value $0.0001, of the CEP Surviving Subsidiary.
At the CEP Merger Effective Time, each issued and outstanding Public Shares in respect of which the holder thereof has validly exercised redemption rights pursuant to and in accordance with the CEP Memorandum and Articles will be canceled, and those CEP Shareholders will only have the right to receive a pro rata share of the redemption amount.
To the extent there are CEP Shareholders who have properly exercised dissenters’ rights for their CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in accordance with the Cayman Act, such CEP Dissenting Shares will be automatically canceled and holders of CEP Dissenting Shares will only have the right to be paid by CEP the fair value of such CEP Dissenting Shares and other rights provided under applicable law. Pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the Sponsor waived and agreed not to exercise or assert any dissenters’ rights under the Cayman Act in connection with the CEP Merger and the Business Combination Agreement.
If there are any CEP Ordinary Shares that are owned by CEP as treasury shares, such treasury shares will be automatically canceled without any conversion or payment.
Company Merger
At the time on the date of Closing when the Certificate of Merger has been duly accepted for filing by the Delaware Secretary of State in accordance with the DGCL (or such other time as specified in the Certificate of Merger) but at least two hours after the completion of the CEP Merger (such time, the “Company Merger Effective Time” and together with the CEP Merger Effective Time, the “Effective Time”), by virtue of the Company Merger and without any further action on the part of any party to the Business Combination Agreement:
• each issued and outstanding Company Class A Interest (other than treasury interests) will be automatically canceled and holders of any Company Class A Interest will in return be given their pro rata share of the Class A Merger Consideration Shares; and
• each issued and outstanding Company Class B Interest (other than treasury interests) will automatically be canceled and holders of any Company Class B Interest will in return be given their pro rata share of the Class B Merger Consideration Shares.
• as consideration for the Company Merger and as the only holders of outstanding Company Interests, each Seller will be entitled to receive its pro rata share of (i) the Class A Merger Consideration Shares, being a number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock equal to (a) the product of 31,500, multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57 and (b) divided by $10.00 and (ii) the Class B Merger Consideration Shares, being a number of shares of Pubco Class B Stock equal to the product of (a) 31,500, multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57, divided by (b) $10.00. Each Seller will receive its pro rata share of the Class A Merger Consideration Shares and Class B Merger Consideration Shares, respectively, based on the number of Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests owned by such Seller at Closing, divided by the total number of Company Class A Interests and Company Class B Interests owned by all Sellers.
Representations and Warranties
The Business Combination Agreement contains customary representations and warranties of the parties, which will not survive the Closing. Many of the representations and warranties are qualified by materiality or Material Adverse Effect. “Material Adverse Effect” as used in the Business Combination Agreement means with respect to any specified person, any fact, event, occurrence, change or effect that has had, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a material adverse effect on (i) the business, assets, liabilities, results of operations, prospects or condition (financial or otherwise) of such person and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or (ii) the ability of such person or any of its subsidiaries to consummate the Transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements to which it is a party or bound or to perform its obligations under the Business Combination Agreement or the Ancillary Agreements.
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With respect to (i) above, the following changes or effects (by themselves or when aggregated with others) are not considered a Material Adverse Effect:
• General changes in financial or securities markets (including interest rates) or general economic or political conditions in the country or region where the party or its subsidiaries do business.
• Changes, conditions, or effects that generally affect the industries or markets in which the party or its subsidiaries principally operate.
• Changes in the price or trading volume of Bitcoin.
• Any proposal, enactment, or change in interpretation of, or any other change in, applicable laws, IFRS, GAAP, or other applicable accounting principles.
• Conditions caused by acts of God, natural disasters, terrorism, war, or an epidemic or pandemic, or the effects of governmental actions in response to them.
• The taking of any action required by the Business Combination Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement.
• Any failure by the party and its subsidiaries to meet internal or published budgets, projections, forecasts, or predictions of financial performance for any period.
The exceptions in the first, second, fourth, fifth, and seventh bullet points above will be taken into account in determining whether a Material Adverse Effect has occurred to the extent that such event has a disproportionate and adverse effect on the party or its subsidiaries compared to other similarly situated participants in the same industries.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, for CEP, the number of CEP Ordinary Shares redeemed in connection with the Business Combination or the failure to obtain the Required Shareholder Approval shall not, in and of itself, be deemed a Material Adverse Effect on or with respect to CEP, provided that the underlying causes of any such redemptions or failure to obtain the Required Shareholder Approval may be considered if not otherwise excluded by another exception.
Certain of the representations are subject to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the Business Combination Agreement or in information provided pursuant to certain disclosure schedules to the Business Combination Agreement.
Representations and Warranties of CEP
The Business Combination Agreement contains representations and warranties made by CEP to the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and the Sellers, including representations and warranties relating to the following:
• corporate organization, qualification to do business and good standing;
• authorization to enter into the Business Combination Agreement and to complete the contemplated transactions;
• governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination;
• absence of conflicts with organizational documents, applicable laws and CEP Material Contracts as a result of entering into the Business Combination Agreement or consummating the Business Combination;
• capitalization;
• proper filing of documents with the SEC, accuracy of CEP financial statements; and internal controls;
• no litigation, orders or permits;
• absence of certain changes;
• compliance with applicable laws;
• taxes and returns;
• employees and employee benefit plans;
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• properties;
• material contracts;
• transactions with Affiliates;
• finders and brokers;
• certain business practices;
• insurance;
• independent investigation;
• accuracy of the information supplied;
• Trust Account;
• April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements; and
• no additional representations and warranties.
CEP also made representations and warranties with respect to the CEP Subsidiaries including, (i) the organization and good standing of CEP Subsidiaries, (ii) absence of required governmental approvals for CEP Subsidiaries to consummate the Transactions, (iii) absence of conflicts with organizational documents of each CEP Subsidiary and applicable laws, (iv) capitalization of CEP Subsidiaries and (v) CEP Subsidiaries’ activities.
Representations and Warranties of Pubco and CEP Merger Sub
The Business Combination Agreement contains representations and warranties made by Pubco and CEP Merger Sub, to CEP, the Company, the Sellers and SoftBank, including representations and warranties relating to the following:
• corporate organization, qualification to do business and good standing;
• authorization to enter into the Business Combination Agreement and to complete the contemplated transactions;
• governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination;
• absence of conflicts with organizational documents, applicable laws and certain material contracts as a result of entering into the Business Combination Agreement or consummating the Business Combination;
• capitalization;
• Pubco and CEP Merger Sub activities;
• finders and brokers;
• ownership of Pubco Stock;
• Convertible Notes PIPE Subscription Agreements;
• accuracy of the information supplied;
• independent investigation; and
• no additional representations and warranties.
Representations and Warranties of the Company
The Business Combination Agreement contains representations and warranties made by the Company to CEP, including representations and warranties relating to the following:
• corporate organization, qualification to do business and good standing;
• authorization to enter into the Business Combination Agreement and to complete the contemplated transactions;
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• capitalization;
• governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination;
• absence of conflicts with organizational documents, applicable laws and certain material contracts as a result of entering into the Business Combination Agreement or consummating the Business Combination;
• absence of certain changes;
• Company’s activities;
• title to assets;
• employees and benefit plans;
• certain business practices;
• finders and brokers;
• accuracy of the information supplied;
• independent investigation; and
• no additional representations and warranties.
Representations and Warranties of the Sellers
The Business Combination Agreement contains representations and warranties made by Tether and Bitfinex, severally and not jointly, to CEP, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Company and SoftBank, including representations and warranties relating to the following:
• corporate organization, qualification to do business and good standing;
• authorization to enter into the Business Combination Agreement and to complete the contemplated transactions;
• ownership;
• governmental and regulatory consents necessary in connection with the Business Combination;
• absence of conflicts with organizational documents, applicable laws and certain contracts as a result of entering into the Business Combination Agreement or consummating the Business Combination;
• no litigation;
• investment representations;
• finders and brokers;
• accuracy of the information supplied; and
• no additional representations and warranties.
Covenants
As described in further detail below, the Business Combination Agreement also contains certain covenants of the parties, which do not survive the Closing (other than those that are to be performed after the Closing). Certain of the covenants are subject to specified exceptions and qualifications contained in the Business Combination Agreement or in information provided pursuant to certain disclosure schedules to the Business Combination Agreement.
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Conduct of Business Prior to Closing by the Company, Pubco and CEP Merger Sub
During the period from the date of the Business Combination Agreement until the earlier of (a) the Closing or (b) the termination of the Business Combination Agreement in accordance with its terms (the “Interim Period”), the Company, Pubco and CEP Merger Sub agreed to (i) only engage in activities relating to the initial organization and commencement of their respective operations, and, in the case of the Company, the Contribution, (ii) to comply in all material respects with all laws applicable to them and their respective businesses and assets and (iii) to take all commercially reasonable measures necessary or appropriate to preserve intact, in all material respects, their respective business organizations, and to preserve the possession, control and condition of their respective material assets.
In addition, during the Interim Period, the Company, Pubco and CEP Merger Sub agreed not to, without the prior written consent of CEP and SoftBank:
• amend, waive or otherwise change their respective organizational documents;
• amend, waive or otherwise change, or terminate the Contribution Agreement, the Sponsor Support Agreement or the Securities Exchange Agreement;
• authorize for issuance, issue, grant, sell, pledge, dispose of or propose to issue, grant, sell, pledge or dispose of any of its equity securities or any options, warrants, commitments, subscriptions or rights of any kind to acquire or sell any of its equity securities, or other securities, including any securities convertible into or exchangeable for any of its shares or other equity securities or securities of any class and any other equity-based awards, or engage in any hedging transaction with a third person with respect to such securities;
• split, combine, recapitalize or reclassify any of its shares or other equity interests or issue any other securities in respect thereof or pay or set aside any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, equity or property or any combination thereof) in respect of its equity interests, or directly or indirectly redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire or offer to acquire any of its securities;
• incur, create, assume, prepay or otherwise become liable for any indebtedness (directly, contingently or otherwise) in excess of $250,000 individually or $500,000 in the aggregate, make a loan or advance to or investment in any third party (other than advancement of expenses to employees in the ordinary course of business), or guarantee or endorse any indebtedness, liability or obligation of any person in excess of $250,000 individually or $500,000 in the aggregate;
• sell, lease, license, transfer, exchange or swap, mortgage or otherwise pledge or encumber (including securitizations), or otherwise dispose of any material portion of its properties, assets or rights;
• adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization;
• enter into any agreement, understanding or arrangement with respect to the voting of equity securities of the Company, Pubco or CEP Merger Sub;
• take any action that would reasonably be expected to significantly delay or impair the obtaining of any consents of any governmental authority to be obtained in connection with the Business Combination Agreement;
• enter into, amend, waive or terminate (other than terminations in accordance with their terms) any material transaction with any related person as defined in the Business Combination Agreement (other than compensation and benefits and advancement of expenses);
• authorize or agree to do any of the foregoing actions; and
• solely with respect to the Company, issue any Company Interests (other than pursuant to the Contribution).
In addition, during the Interim Period, each Seller agreed not to sell, transfer or dispose of any Company Interests owned by such Seller without the prior written consent of CEP.
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Conduct of Business Prior to Closing by CEP
During the Interim Period, CEP agreed to (i) conduct its business in all material respects in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice, (ii) comply with all applicable laws applicable to it, the CEP Subsidiaries and their businesses, assets and employees and (iii) take all commercially reasonable measures necessary or appropriate to preserve intact, in all material respects, its business organizations.
In addition, during the Interim Period, CEP agreed not to and to cause its subsidiaries not to, without the prior written consent of Sellers and SoftBank:
• amend, waive or otherwise change its organizational documents;
• authorize for issuance, issue, grant, sell, pledge, dispose of or propose to issue, grant, sell, pledge or dispose of any of its equity securities or any options, warrants, commitments, subscriptions or rights of any kind to acquire or sell any of its equity securities, or other securities, including any securities convertible into or exchangeable for any of its equity securities or other security interests of any class and any other equity-based awards, or engage in any hedging transaction with a third person with respect to such securities;
• split, combine, recapitalize or reclassify any of its shares or other equity interests or issue any other securities in respect thereof or pay or set aside any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, equity or property or any combination thereof) in respect of its shares or other equity interests, or directly or indirectly redeem, purchase or otherwise acquire or offer to acquire any of its securities;
• subject to certain exceptions, incur, create, assume, prepay, repay or otherwise become liable for any indebtedness (directly, contingently or otherwise), fees or expenses in excess of $250,000 individually or $500,000 in the aggregate, make a loan or advance to or investment in any third party, or guarantee or endorse any indebtedness, liability or obligation of any person;
• make or rescind any material election relating to taxes, settle any action relating to taxes, file any amended tax return or claim for refund, or make any material change in its accounting or tax policies or procedures, in each case except as required by applicable law or in compliance with GAAP;
• amend, waive or otherwise change the Trust Agreement;
• subject to certain exceptions, amend or otherwise modify, terminate, waive or assign or delegate (as applicable) any right or obligation under any CEP Material Contract or enter into any new contract that would be a CEP Material Contract;
• other than drawings on the CEP Loans or as expressly required by the Sponsor Support Agreement, enter into, renew, amend, waive or terminate (other than terminations in accordance with their terms) any contracts, arrangements or transactions with any related person, including any ancillary document to which CEP or any related person is a party;
• fail to maintain its books, accounts and records in all material respects in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice;
• establish any subsidiary or enter into any new line of business;
• revalue any of its material assets or make any change in accounting methods, principles or practices, except to the extent required to comply with GAAP, and after consulting CEP’s outside auditors;
• subject to certain exceptions, waive, release, assign, settle or compromise any action (including any action relating to the Business Combination Agreement or the Transactions) or otherwise pay, discharge or satisfy any actions, liabilities or obligations, unless such amount has been reserved in CEP’s financial statements;
• acquire, any corporation, company, partnership, limited liability company, other business organization or any division thereof, or any material amount of assets outside the ordinary course of business;
• adopt a plan of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, merger, consolidation, restructuring, recapitalization or other reorganization (other than with respect to the CEP Merger);
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• subject to certain exceptions, voluntarily incur any liability or obligation (whether absolute, accrued, contingent or otherwise) in excess of $250,000 individually or $500,000 in the aggregate;
• sell, lease, license, transfer, exchange or swap, mortgage or otherwise pledge or encumber (including securitizations), or otherwise dispose of any material portion of its properties, assets or rights;
• take any action that would reasonably be expected to significantly delay or impair the obtaining of any consents of any governmental authority to be obtained in connection with the Business Combination Agreement; or
• authorize or agree to do any of the foregoing actions.
No Solicitation
During the Interim Period, the parties agreed not to solicit, encourage or engage in discussions regarding any Acquisition Proposal or Alternative Transaction outside the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement. Alternative Transactions include (i) with respect to the Company, the sale of any material business or assets of the Company or the sale of any equity interests or profits of the Company, (ii) with respect to the Sellers, the sale of any Bitcoin that would materially impair the Sellers’ ability to perform their obligations under the Contribution Agreement or the sale of any portion of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and (iii) with respect to CEP and its Affiliates, entering into another business combination involving CEP. The parties also agreed not to provide non-public information or enter into any agreements related to such proposals. If any party receives an Acquisition Proposal, such party is expected to promptly notify the other parties and keep them informed of any developments.
Registration Statement
Pubco and CEP agreed (i) to prepare and file this Registration Statement with SEC as promptly as practicable, with the reasonable assistance of the Company, after the Company’s audited financial statements are completed; (ii) that the Registration Statement will include a proxy statement for soliciting proxies from CEP Shareholders to vote on the Proposals at the Meeting and (iii) to take all reasonable and necessary actions to satisfy legal requirements in connection with this Registration Statement, the Meeting, and the redemption process for Public Shareholders. Once this Registration Statement is effective (such date, the “Effective Date”), CEP agreed, as soon as practicable after the Effective Date, to set a record date and distribute the Registration Statement to CEP Shareholders and then call and convene the Meeting within 30 days of the Effective Date. CEP agreed to bear all fees, costs and expenses incurred by any party in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement with the SEC and submitting a listing application for Pubco Class A Stock to Nasdaq or other applicable securities exchange.
CEP agreed that the CEP Board will not change, withdraw, withhold, qualify or modify its recommendation to the CEP Shareholders that they vote in favor of (i) the approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions as a Business Combination, (ii) the approval of the CEP Merger and (iii) the adoption and approval of such other matters as the Sellers, the Company, Pubco and CEP mutually determine to be necessary to effect the Transactions (“Modification in Recommendation”) unless there is an Intervening Event (an “Intervening Event Change in Recommendation”) and CEP follows the procedures described below.
Under the Business Combination Agreement, an “Intervening Event” is defined as any material and negative event after the date of the Business Combination Agreement that (i) was not known and was not reasonably foreseeable to the CEP Board as of the date of the Business Combination Agreement (or the consequences or magnitude of which were not reasonably foreseeable to the CEP Board as of the date of the Business Combination Agreement), which becomes known to the CEP Board prior to the Meeting, and (ii) does not relate to and excludes, whether alone or in combination, (A) any Acquisition Proposal or Alternative Transaction (in each case, solely with respect to CEP), (B) the Transactions and/or of the Business Combination Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement (or any actions taken pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement or any Ancillary Agreement, including obtaining all consents required to be obtained from any governmental authority or any other person), (C) any change in the price or trading volume of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, (D) any action filed or threatened against CEP or any member of the CEP Board arising out of or related to the Transactions by any person and (E) any change, event, circumstance, occurrence, effect, development or state of facts that is excluded in determining whether a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company has occurred or would reasonably be expected to occur pursuant to clauses (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) of this definition. The parties agreed that in the event that the CEP Board does not make an Intervening
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Event Change in Recommendation, the CEP Board, in furtherance of its fiduciary duty, will still be permitted to advise CEP Shareholders of their right to redeem in the Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination and provide the CEP Shareholders with a detailed explanation and rationale for such advice.
The CEP Board may at any time prior to, but not after, obtaining the Required Shareholder Approval, make an Intervening Event Change in Recommendation if the CEP Board determines in good faith, based on the advice of its outside counsel, that the failure to take such action would be a breach of the fiduciary duties of the CEP Board, provided that:
(i) the Company shall have received written notice from CEP of CEP’s intention to make an Intervening Event Change in Recommendation at least five (5) Business Days prior to the taking of such action by CEP (the “Intervening Event Notice Period”), which notice will specify the applicable Intervening Event in reasonable detail (including the facts and circumstances providing the basis for the determination by the CEP Board to effect such Intervening Event Change in Recommendation);
(ii) during the Intervening Event Notice Period and prior to making an Intervening Event Change in Recommendation, if requested by the Company, CEP and its representatives will have negotiated in good faith with the Company and its representatives regarding any revisions or adjustments proposed by the Company to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement as would enable the CEP Board to proceed with its recommendation of the Business Combination Agreement and the Transactions and not make such Intervening Event Change in Recommendation;
(iii) CEP and its representatives shall have provided to the Company and its representatives all applicable information with respect to such Intervening Event reasonably requested by the Company to permit the Company to propose revisions to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement; and
(iv) if the Company requested negotiations in accordance with the above, the CEP Board may make an Intervening Event Change in Recommendation only if the CEP Board, after considering in good faith any revisions or adjustments to the terms and conditions of the Business Combination Agreement that the Company will have, prior to the expiration of the five (5) Business Day period, offered in writing in a manner that would form a binding contract if accepted by CEP (and the other applicable parties), continues to determine in good faith, based on the advice of outside counsel, that failure to make an Intervening Event Change in Recommendation would be a breach of its fiduciary duties to the CEP Shareholders under applicable law.
The parties agreed that during an Intervening Event Notice Period, the obligations of CEP and/or the CEP Board to make filings with the SEC with respect to the proposals contemplated herein, to give notice for or to convene a meeting, or to make a recommendation, will be tolled to the extent reasonably necessary until such time as CEP has filed an update to this Registration Statement with the SEC (which CEP shall file as promptly as practicable after the Intervening Event Change in Recommendation), and in the event a filing and/or notice for a meeting was made prior to the Intervening Event Notice Period, CEP will be permitted to adjourn such meeting and to amend such filing as necessary in order to provide sufficient time for CEP Shareholders to consider any revised recommendation.
CEP agreed that, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, (i) CEP’s obligations to establish a record date for, duly call, give notice of, convene and hold the Meeting will not be affected by any Modification in Recommendation, and (ii) CEP will establish a record date for, duly call, give notice of, convene and hold the Meeting and submit the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters for approval by the CEP Shareholders.
Post-Closing Pubco Board of Directors and Executive Directors
The parties agreed to take all necessary actions to ensure that the Pubco Board, effective as of Closing, consists of seven (7) directors, including the six (6) people designated by SoftBank and the Sellers in accordance with the Governance Term Sheet, at least three (3) of whom are required to qualify as independent directors under Nasdaq rules, as well as the chief executive officer of Pubco.
For purposes of Texas law, the Chief Executive Officer shall also serve as the President unless otherwise determined by the Pubco Board. The parties also agreed that they will take all actions necessary to ensure that the individuals serving as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer, respectively, of Pubco immediately after the Closing will be the same individuals (in the same office) as that of the Company immediately prior to the Closing (unless the Sellers appoint another qualified person to either such role, in which case, such other person will serve in such role).
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Indemnification of Directors and Officers and Tail Insurance
Each party agreed that all rights to exculpation, indemnification and advancement of expenses existing in favor of the current or former directors and officers of CEP, the Company, Pubco, the CEP Subsidiaries or CEP Merger Sub (the “D&O Indemnified Persons”) as provided in their respective organizational documents or under any indemnification, employment or other similar agreements between any D&O Indemnified Person and CEP, any CEP Subsidiary, the Company, Pubco or CEP Merger Sub, will survive the Closing. For a period of six years after Effective Time, Pubco’s, CEP’s, the CEP Subsidiaries’, the Company’s and the CEP Merger Sub’s organizational documents will contain provisions no less favorable with respect to exculpation and indemnification of and advancement of expenses to D&O Indemnified Persons than are set forth in such documents as of the date of the Business Combination Agreement. This covenant survives the Closing.
To the extent not covered by the existing directors’ and officers’ insurance of CEP or, from and after the Effective Time, the D&O Tail Insurance, and further only to the extent not covered (or excluded) by the indemnity and exculpatory provisions contained in the CEP organizational documents, Pubco has agreed to indemnify, defend and hold harmless the current directors of CEP (and their heirs and legal representatives) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, from, against and in respect of any and all losses, liabilities, damages, penalties, amounts paid in settlement, costs and expenses paid, suffered or incurred by, or imposed upon, any such director that arise out of or result from any shareholder action relating to the board’s failure to make a Modification in Recommendation in response to an adverse and material event involving CEP and occurring after the date of the Business Combination Agreement, which becomes known to the CEP Board prior to the Meeting.
Prior to the Effective Time, CEP has agreed to obtain, and Pubco has agreed to fully pay the premium for, a “tail” insurance policy under CEP’s existing insurance policy for the benefit of CEP’s directors and officers that provides coverage for up to six (6) years from and after the Effective Time for events occurring prior to the Effective Time (the “D&O Tail Insurance”), on terms substantially equivalent to and in any event not less favorable in the aggregate than CEP’s existing coverage, subject to certain limitations.
PIPE Investments
Pubco agreed to use reasonable best efforts to take all actions and do all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Convertibles Notes Subscription Agreements and CEP agreed to use reasonable best efforts to take all actions and do all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements.
PIPE Bitcoin Sale
Within ten (10) Business Days after the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether agreed to buy a number of Bitcoin equal to the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and within ten (10) Business Days after the end of the Option Period, Tether agreed to buy a number of Bitcoin equal to the Option PIPE Bitcoin Tether agreed to purchase and place the PIPE Bitcoin into a digital wallet held or operated by or on behalf of Tether, the contents of which are publicly accessible (the “PIPE Digital Wallets”). CEP also agreed to file a Current Report on Form 8-K, about the purchase of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the Option PIPE Bitcoin, including the average purchase price thereof, and including details regarding how the content of the PIPE Digital Wallet can be viewed.
On May 12, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that Tether has purchased, as the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, 4,812.220927 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $458,700,000 and an average price per Bitcoin of $95,319.83. On June 9, 2025, CEP filed a Current Report on Form 8-K reporting that Tether has purchased, as the Option PIPE Bitcoin, 917.47360612 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of $99,500,000 and an average purchase price per Bitcoin of $108,449.99.
On June 23, 2025, Tether, Pubco, SoftBank and, solely for certain limited purposes, CEP, entered into the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which Tether has purchased 1,381.15799423 Bitcoin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $147,500,000, being the aggregate gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE less a holdback of $3.3 million.
At Closing and upon the funding of the PIPE Investments by the PIPE Investors and completion of the Mergers, Pubco will purchase from Tether, (i) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $458.7 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE less a $52 million holdback, (ii) the
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Option PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $99.5 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Option, less a $500,000 holdback and (iii) the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to the gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE, less a $3.3 million holdback. After such sale, the Initial PIPE Bitcoin, the Option PIPE Bitcoin and the June PIPE Bitcoin will be placed in a custodial account with Anchorage serving as the custodian.
Additional PIPE Bitcoin Sale
Tether agreed to purchase a number of Bitcoin equal to the Additional PIPE Bitcoin, if the sum of the Initial PIPE Bitcoin and the Option PIPE Bitcoin is less than 10,500 Bitcoin. At Closing and immediately after the completion of the PIPE Bitcoin Sale, Tether will transfer and contribute to Pubco all of Tether’s legal and beneficial rights, title and interest in and to the Additional PIPE Bitcoin. In consideration for the Additional PIPE Bitcoin, Pubco will issue to Tether 37,532,514 shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, respectively, equal to (i) 4,422.688667 Bitcoin multiplied by the Signing Bitcoin Price and then, divided by (ii) $10.00.
Amendment No. 1 to the Business Combination Agreement, which amends the Business Combination Agreement, among other things, to provide that the Additional PIPE Bitcoin Purchase Price used to determine the value of Tether’s contribution of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin to Pubco at the Closing and the number of shares of Pubco Stock to be issued to Tether at the Closing in exchange for the sale of the Additional PIPE Bitcoin by Tether to Pubco shall be based on the Signing Bitcoin Price of $84,863.57, rather than on the aggregate amount Tether paid to purchase the Additional PIPE Bitcoin.
After such sale, the Additional PIPE Bitcoin will be placed into a custodial account with Anchorage serving as the custodian.
Pre-Closing Restructuring
In order to consummate the Transactions, and as soon as practicable after the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP agreed to (i) incorporate CEP Subsidiary A as a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CEP, (ii) as promptly as practicable following the formation of CEP Subsidiary A, cause CEP Subsidiary A to incorporate CEP Subsidiary B as a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CEP Subsidiary A and (iii) as promptly as practicable following the formation of CEP Subsidiary B, cause CEP Subsidiary B to incorporate Company Merger Sub as a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of CEP Subsidiary B. Pubco agreed to dissolve and liquidate each merger sub entity it had formed prior to signing, other than CEP Merger Sub, following the incorporation of the CEP Subsidiaries.
Other Covenants
The Business Combination Agreement contains other covenants and agreements, including covenants related to:
• the Company, Pubco and CEP Merger Sub, subject to certain specified restrictions and conditions, providing CEP and SoftBank and their representatives reasonable access to their offices, facilities, employees, contracts, books, records and other information as reasonably requested;
• CEP, subject to certain specified restrictions and conditions, providing Sellers and SoftBank and their representatives reasonable access to their offices, facilities, employees, contracts, books, records and other information as reasonably requested;
• the Company and Pubco delivering annual and interim financial statements to CEP, the Sellers and SoftBank on the dates specified in the Business Combination Agreement;
• CEP keeping current and timely filing all reports required to be filed or furnished with the SEC and otherwise complying in all material respects with its reporting obligations under applicable securities laws;
• the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and the Sellers not trading CEP securities while in possession of material non-public information;
• each party giving prompt notice to others of, among other matters:
• any material breach of the agreement or any representation, warranty or covenant;
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• any event or development that would reasonably be expected to prevent or materially delay the Closing; and
• any material litigation, investigation or proceeding initiated or threatened against such party or its affiliates;
• each party using its reasonable best efforts and to cooperate fully with the other parties to take all actions and do all things necessary, proper or advisable to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Business Combination Agreement;
• subject to the terms set forth therein, confidentiality and publicity relating to the Business Combination Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby;
• use of funds in the Trust Account;
• the Company and the Sellers using reasonable best efforts to complete the Contribution immediately prior to Closing;
• the parties taking all necessary and reasonably requested actions to cause the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to be delisted from Nasdaq and to terminate CEP’s registration with the SEC, in each case, as of the Closing;
• prior to or at Closing, Pubco amending and restating its organizational documents to incorporate the terms of the Governance Term Sheet, and otherwise on terms satisfactory to the Sellers, SoftBank and CEP, each acting reasonably;
• effective as of Closing, CEP, Pubco, Sellers and SoftBank amending and restating the Founder Registration Rights Agreement substantially in the form of the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement;
• Tether’s obligation to provide SoftBank with certain notices, materials, documents, information or other communications or content in connection with the Business Combination Agreement and/or the other Ancillary Agreements; and
• should Pubco determine that it will implement a new equity incentive plan in the Interim Period, the Pubco Incentive Plan being in a form reasonably acceptable to the Sellers, SoftBank and CEP.
Conditions to the Parties’ Obligations to the Closing
Conditions to Each Party’s Obligations (subject to written waiver by CEP and the Company where permissible pursuant to applicable law)
The obligations of the parties to consummate (or cause to be consummated) the Transactions are subject to the following mutual conditions:
• the receipt of the Required Shareholder Approval;
• the consummation of the Transactions not being prohibited by applicable law;
• the effectiveness of the Registration Statement;
• the shares of Pubco Class A Stock having been approved for listing on NYSE, Nasdaq or another national securities exchange; and
• the April PIPE Investments (exclusive of the Option) having been fully funded in accordance with the respective PIPE Subscription Agreements.
Conditions to Obligations of the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and the Sellers (subject to written waiver by CEP)
The obligations of the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and the Sellers to consummate (and cause to be consummated) the Transactions are subject to:
• the representations and warranties of CEP being true and correct, subject to the applicable materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement,
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• material compliance by CEP with its applicable pre-closing covenants,
• there having been no occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect with respect to CEP since the date of the Business Combination Agreement which is continuing and uncured, and
• the Sponsor having performed in all material respects its obligations required under the Sponsor Support Agreement.
Conditions to Obligations of CEP (subject to written waiver by the Company)
The obligations of CEP to consummate (or cause to be consummated) the Transactions are subject to:
• the representations and warranties of the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and each Seller being true and correct, subject to the applicable materiality standards contained in the Business Combination Agreement;
• material compliance by the Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and each Seller with their respective pre-closing covenants;
• no occurrence of a Material Adverse Effect with respect to the Company or Pubco, and
• completion of the Contribution.
Termination and Effects of Termination
The Business Combination Agreement contains certain termination rights for different parties. If the Business Combination Agreement is validly terminated pursuant to the following grounds, the Business Combination Agreement will become void without any liability on the part of any of the parties thereto or their respective representatives except in the case of willful breach of the Business Combination Agreement or the fraud of a party thereto. However, confidentiality, waiver of claims against the Trust Account and certain other technical provisions will continue in effect notwithstanding termination if the Business Combination Agreement. No party is required to pay a termination fee or reimburse any other party for its expenses as a result of a termination of the Business Combination Agreement.
Mutual Termination Rights
The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated and the Transactions may be abandoned by:
• mutual written consent of CEP, the Sellers and SoftBank;
• subject to certain limitations, either CEP or the Sellers if any conditions to the Closing under the Business Combination Agreement has not been satisfied or waived by the first anniversary of the Business Combination Agreement;
• subject to certain limitations, either CEP or the Sellers, if a governmental authority has issued a final and non-appealable order taken any other action permanently restraining, enjoining or otherwise prohibiting the Transactions; or
• written notice by either CEP or Sellers, if the Meeting is held, CEP Shareholders have duly voted and the Required Shareholder Approval was not obtained.
Sellers’ Termination Rights
The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated and the Transactions may be abandoned by the Sellers:
• if subject to certain limitations, CEP has materially breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements or if any representation or warranty of CEP has become materially untrue or materially inaccurate and such breach or inaccuracy is incapable of being cured or is not cured within the timeframe described under the Business Combination Agreement; or
• within ten (10) Business Days after there has been a Modification in Recommendation.
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CEP’s Termination Rights
The Business Combination Agreement may be terminated and the Transactions may be abandoned by CEP if, subject to certain limitations, the Company, Pubco or CEP Merger Sub or any Seller has materially breached any of its representations, warranties, covenants or agreements or if any representation or warranty of CEP has become materially untrue or materially inaccurate and the breach or inaccuracy is incapable of being cured or is not cured within the timeframe described under the Business Combination Agreement.
Trust Account Waiver
The Company, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub and each of the Sellers agreed that it and its affiliates will not have any right, title, interest or claim of any kind in or to any monies in CEP’s trust account held for its public shareholders, and agreed not to, and waived any right to, make any claim against the trust account (including any distributions therefrom).
Amendments
The Business Combination Agreement may be amended or modified only by execution of a written instrument signed by each of CEP, Pubco, CEP Merger Sub, the Company, the Sellers and SoftBank.
Specific Performance
The Parties agreed that they shall be entitled to an injunction, specific performance and other equitable relief to prevent breaches of the Business Combination Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions thereof, in each case, without posting a bond or undertaking and without proof of damages, which rights are in addition to any other remedy to which they are entitled at law or in equity.
Other Transaction Agreements
Contribution Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and the Company entered into the Contribution Agreement, pursuant to which, immediately prior to the Closing, Tether and Bitfinex will make the Contribution to the Company, which consists of 24,500 Bitcoin and 7,000 Bitcoin, respectively, in exchange for (i) in the case of Tether, 208 Company Class A Interests and 208 Company Class B Interests, and (ii) in the case of Bitfinex, 59 Company Class A Interests and 59 Company Class B Interests.
The Contribution Agreement may be terminated prior to the Closing as follows: (a) by the mutual written consent of the parties thereto, CEP and SoftBank; or (b) automatically with no further action required by the parties thereto if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms.
Sponsor Support Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP, Pubco and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement, pursuant to which, among other things, the Sponsor agreed (i) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor each of the Proposals, (ii) to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares against any Alternative Transactions, (iii) to comply with the restrictions imposed by the Insider Letter, including the restrictions on transfer and redemption of CEP Ordinary Shares in connection with the Transactions, and (iv) subject to and conditioned upon the Closing, agree that any loans outstanding from the Sponsor to CEP shall be repaid as follows: (a) with respect to the Sponsor Loan, the aggregate amount owed by CEP, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement delivered by CEP prior to the Closing, shall be automatically converted, immediately prior to the CEP Merger, into CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at $10.00 per share, and that upon the issuance and delivery of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares to the Sponsor, the Sponsor Loan shall be deemed satisfied in full, provided, however, that the portion of the Sponsor Loan that is drawn by or on behalf of CEP to pay for any SEC or Nasdaq fees, costs and expenses pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement, shall be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement and (b) with respect to all other CEP Loans (other than the Sponsor Loan), all amounts outstanding thereunder as of the Closing, as set forth on the CEP Pre-Closing Statement delivered by CEP prior to the Closing, shall be repaid in cash at the Closing in accordance with the Business Combination Agreement.
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On June 25, 2025, Pubco, CEP and the Sponsor entered into the Sponsor Support Agreement Amendment, pursuant to which the Sponsor has agreed to forfeit a number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares it receives upon conversion of its CEP Class B Ordinary Shares so that such number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares retained by the Sponsor equals the lesser of (a) 25% of the sum of the number of Public Shares not subject to redemption in connection with the Closing and the number of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares issued in the Equity PIPE and (b) the sum of (i) 7,084,804 and (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, divided by $10.00. The Sponsor Support Agreement also provides that upon the Closing, the Sponsor will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement, as further described below and substantially in the form attached to the Sponsor Support Agreement.
Further, pursuant to the Sponsor Support Agreement, the parties agreed that at the Closing they would enter into an amendment to the Insider Letter, to modify the terms of the lock-up applicable to the CEP Founder Shares to be consistent with the lock-up set forth in the Lock-Up Agreements.
The Sponsor Support Agreement and certain of its provisions will terminate and be of no further force or effect upon the earlier to occur of Closing and the termination of the Business Combination Agreement pursuant to its terms and, if the Business Combination Agreement is terminated pursuant to its terms, all provisions of the Sponsor Support Agreement will terminate and be of no further force or effect.
Securities Exchange Agreement
In connection with the CEP Merger, immediately after the Closing, the Sponsor will be issued a number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock in exchange for the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares that Sponsor received from CEP after conversion of the Founder Shares. At Closing, Pubco and the Sponsor will enter into the Securities Exchange Agreement, pursuant to which the Sponsor will exchange the Exchange Shares for Exchange Notes equal in value to the product of (1) the total number of the Exchange Shares multiplied by (2) $10.00 per share. The Exchange Notes and shares of Pubco Class A Stock issuable upon conversion thereof will have the same registration rights as set forth in the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements.
Closing of this exchange transaction is only conditional upon the Closing. The Securities Exchange Agreement includes customary representations and warranties for both Pubco and the Sponsor.
Governance Term Sheet and Governance Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank entered into the Governance Term Sheet, which sets out the main terms on which Pubco will prepare the Proposed Organizational Documents, which will be adopted at or prior to Closing. At Closing, Tether, Bitfinex and SoftBank will enter into the Governance Agreement, which will implement the terms of the Governance Term Sheet. The Governance Agreement will provide that, among other things, Pubco will be incorporated pursuant to the TBOC and Pubco will utilize certain of the controlled company exemptions of its relevant national securities exchange.
Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation, Pubco will issue two (2) classes of shares of Pubco Stock, Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock, with different voting and economic rights attached to them. The shares of Pubco Class A Stock will have no voting rights other than as required by applicable law, whereas, holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock will be entitled to one (1) vote per share. Holders of Pubco Class A Stock will be entitled to receive distributions in proportion to the number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by them, whereas, holders of Pubco Class B Stock will not have any economic rights. In addition, the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will be listed for trading and will be freely transferable, subject to the terms of the Lock-Up Agreements, the Insider Letter and any restrictions pursuant to applicable laws. The shares of Pubco Class B Stock will not be listed or freely transferable, except as permitted pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Bylaws.
The Pubco Board will be made up of seven (7) directors, including four (4) designated by Tether (with at least two (2) of them qualifying as independent directors under the rules of Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange), two (2) designated by SoftBank (with at least one (1) of them qualifying as an independent director under the rules of Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange) and the seventh (7th) being the Chief Executive Officer of Pubco. Tether and SoftBank’s rights to appoint directors to the Pubco Board will change based on their respective percentage holdings of Pubco’s voting rights.
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Tether shall be entitled to designate:
(i) four (4) directors for so long as Tether and Bitfinex hold (in aggregate) 50% or more of Pubco’s voting rights;
(ii) three (3) directors for so long as Tether and Bitfinex hold (in aggregate) 30% or more of Pubco’s voting rights;
(iii) two (2) directors for so long as Tether and Bitfinex hold (in aggregate) 20% or more of Pubco’s voting rights; and
(iv) one (1) director for so long as Tether and Bitfinex hold (in aggregate) 10% or more of Pubco’s voting rights.
SoftBank shall be entitled to designate:
(i) two (2) directors for so long as it holds 20% or more of Pubco’s voting rights; and
(ii) one (1) director for so long as it holds 10% or more of Pubco’s voting rights.
All members of the Pubco Board will be elected for a one-year term and may be re-elected for successive terms. The Governance Agreement will also provide guidance as to the selection of the chair of the Pubco Board, meeting quorum, reserved matters and committees to be established by the Pubco Board as well as the appointment of the key management team and the corporate policies to be adopted by the Pubco Board after Closing.
Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement
Concurrently with the Closing, CEP, Pubco, the Sponsor, each Seller and SoftBank will enter into the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement that will amend and restate the registration rights agreement entered into between CEP and the Sponsor at the time of the CEP IPO, and pursuant to which Pubco will (i) assume the registration obligations of CEP under such registration rights agreement, with such rights applying to the shares of Pubco Class A Stock and (ii) provide registration rights with respect to the resale of shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by the Sponsor, each Seller and SoftBank.
Pubco estimates that up to approximately 308,632,417 shares of Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to registration rights pursuant to the Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement immediately following the Closing, representing approximately 89.1% of the total issued and outstanding shares of Pubco Class A Stock following the Business Combination and the consummation of the PIPE Investments, and assuming, among other things, that no Public Shareholders exercise redemption rights with respect to their Public Shares upon completion of the Business Combination, that all PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements, that no Convertible Notes are converted into shares of Pubco Class A Stock and that no shares of Pubco Class A Stock are issued pursuant to the Incentive Plan.
SoftBank Purchase Agreement
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Tether and SoftBank entered into the SoftBank Purchase Agreement (as amended and restated on June 23, 2025), pursuant to which, among other things, immediately following the Closing, Tether will transfer to SoftBank an equal number of shares of Pubco Class A Stock and Pubco Class B Stock (the “SoftBank Shares”) (calculated based on the formula below), and SoftBank will pay Tether as consideration for such transfer of the SoftBank Shares, the sum of:
(i) an amount equal to the lesser of (A) 10,500 multiplied by the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger (such amount, the “SoftBank Bitcoin Amount”), and (B) $1,000,000,000;
(ii) an amount equal to (A) the lesser of (x) the SoftBank Bitcoin Amount and (y) $1,000,000,000 multiplied by (B) the Applicable Rate (such amount, the “SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount”);
(iii) an amount equal to (A) the quotient of (x) the Initial PIPE Bitcoin plus the Option PIPE Bitcoin, in each case valued at the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger and (y) three, multiplied by (B) the Applicable Rate (such amount, the “April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount”); and
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(iv) An amount equal to (A) the June PIPE Bitcoin valued at the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to the closing of the Company Merger multiplied by (B) SoftBank’s percentage ownership of Pubco at the Closing after giving effect to the transfer of the SoftBank Shares pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement, but excluding the effect of the June Equity PIPE, multiplied by (C) the Applicable Rate (such amount, the “June PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount” and, together with the April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount, the “PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount”).
SoftBank has the option to pay the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount and the PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount either (i) in cash or (ii) by reducing the number of SoftBank Shares that would otherwise be transferred by Tether to SoftBank at the closing of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement by a number of shares equal to (A) (x) the SoftBank Bitcoin Cost Amount plus the April PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount, divided by (y) $10.00 plus (B) the June PIPE Bitcoin Cost Amount, divided by $21.00 (rounded to the next whole share) (such shares, the “Net Settlement Shares”).
The number of SoftBank Shares to be transferred will be calculated based on the following formula:
(i) (A) the lesser of (x) 10,500 multiplied by the average of the Bitcoin Price for the ten day period ending on the Business Day immediately prior to April 22, 2025, and (y) $1,000,000,000, divided by (B) $10.00 (rounded to the next whole share) (the result of this clause (i) the “Base Share Amount”), minus
(ii) the Net Settlement Shares (if any), minus
(iii) the Withholding Shares (if any), minus
(iv) if the SoftBank Bitcoin Amount exceeds $1,000,000,000, a number of shares equal to (A) the Base Share Amount, multiplied by (B) (x) one (1) minus (y) the fraction obtained by dividing $1,000,0000,000.00 as numerator, by the SoftBank Bitcoin Amount as denominator (rounded to the next whole share).
The SoftBank Purchase Agreement includes customary representations and warranties for both Tether and SoftBank. Tether also agreed that it will not, without SoftBank’s prior written consent, take any actions that would result in Pubco engaging in a business that is inconsistent with the operations reflected in an agreed-upon business plan or in any communication made to Nasdaq, any securities exchange or the SEC through the closing of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement (the “Business Plan Covenant”). Tether also agreed to provide SoftBank with certain notices, including notices of alleged violations of the Business Combination Agreement.
The closing of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement is contingent upon, among other customary closing conditions, (i) the Closing, (ii) that there not have been any waiver or amendment of any provision of any of the Business Combination Agreement, any Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement or Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement, or any of the Ancillary Agreements, in each case, without SoftBank’s prior written consent, and (iii) SoftBank’s wiring of the purchase price.
The SoftBank Purchase Agreement will terminate upon the earliest to occur of:
(i) the termination of the Business Combination Agreement in accordance with its terms;
(ii) the mutual written agreement of Tether and SoftBank;
(iii) SoftBank’s election to terminate following a material breach of the Business Plan Covenant;
(iv) SoftBank’s or Tether’s election to terminate following a breach of any other representation warranty, covenant or agreement of the SoftBank Purchase Agreement; and such breach is not curable within twenty (20) days of SoftBank delivering notice of such breach; and
(v) SoftBank or Tether’s election to terminate if there has been any waiver or amendment of any material provision of the Business Combination Agreement, any Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement or Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement, or any of the Ancillary Agreements, in each case, without SoftBank’s prior written consent.
For the purposes of this section only, capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
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Lock-Up Agreements
Concurrently with the Closing, each of the Sellers and SoftBank (for the purposes of this section, each a “Holder”) will enter into a Lock-Up Agreement with Pubco, pursuant to which each Seller and SoftBank will agree that the shares of Pubco Class A Stock received by each Seller and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock transferred by Tether to SoftBank (the “Restricted Securities”) will be locked-up and subject to transfer restrictions, as described below, subject to certain exceptions.
The shares of Pubco Class A Stock held by each Seller and SoftBank will be locked up until the earlier of (i) the Anniversary Release; provided that, in the event the Resale Registration Statement has not been declared effective on or prior to the Anniversary Release, then the Anniversary Release will be deemed to be the date the Resale Registration Statement is declared effective by the SEC and (ii) the date on which Pubco consummates a liquidation, merger, capital stock exchange, reorganization or other similar transaction after the Closing which results in all of Pubco’s shareholders having the right to exchange their shares of Pubco Stock for cash, securities or other property.
The foregoing lock-up restrictions do not apply to the following permitted transfers so long as the transferee of such permitted transfer executes and delivers to Pubco an agreement stating that the transferee is receiving and holding the Restricted Securities subject to the provisions of the Lock-Up Agreement and that Restricted Securities will not be transferred any further:
(i) in the case of an entity, transfers (A) to another entity that is an affiliate of the Holder, (B) as part of a distribution to members, partners or stockholders of Holder and (C) to officers or directors of Holder, any affiliate or family member of any of Holder’s officers or directors, or to any members, officers, directors or employees of Holder or any of its affiliates;
(ii) in the case of an individual, transfers by gift to members of the individual’s immediate family or to a trust, the beneficiary of which is a member of one of the individual’s immediate family, an affiliate of such person;
(iii) to a charitable organization;
(iv) in the case of an individual, transfers by virtue of laws of descent and distribution upon death of the individual;
(v) in the case of an individual, transfers pursuant to a qualified domestic relations order;
(vi) in the case of an entity, transfers by virtue of the laws of the state of the entity’s organization and the entity’s organizational documents upon dissolution of the entity;
(vii) transfers to satisfy any U.S. federal, state or local income tax obligations of Holder (or its direct or indirect owners) to the extent necessary to cover any tax liability as a direct result of the Transactions;
(viii) transfers in the form of a pledge of Restricted Securities in a bona fide transaction as collateral to secure obligations pursuant to lending or other financing arrangements between a Holder (or its affiliates), on the one hand, and a third party, on the other hand, for the benefit of such Holder and/or its affiliates, provided, however, that during the period Restricted Securities are locked up, such third party shall not be permitted to foreclose upon such Restricted Securities or otherwise be entitled to enforce its rights or remedies with respect to the Restricted Securities, including, without limitation, the right to vote, transfer or take title to or ownership of such Restricted Securities; or
(ix) transfers pursuant to the SoftBank Purchase Agreement.
Services Agreement
Concurrently with the Closing, Pubco and Tether will enter into the Services Agreement. Twenty One and its subsidiaries with access to select services. The services will include: information technology services, such as the development and maintenance of IT systems and cybersecurity; legal services related to regulatory compliance, corporate governance, and intellectual property; health, safety, and environmental services; management and commercialization of intellectual
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property; treasury and risk management, including Bitcoin trading; human resources services like payroll and benefits administration; and investor relations services. These services will be available on an as-needed basis and will be administered under customary commercial terms for such services.
The Services Agreement will remain in effect unless and until terminated by either Tether or Pubco by providing 30 days’ prior written notice.
Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, Pubco and CEP entered into the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements with the Convertible Note Investors, pursuant to which the Convertible Note Investors have agreed to purchase $340.2 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth therein. In addition, Pubco granted the Convertible Note Investors an option to purchase, for a period of 30 days following the execution of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, additional Convertible Notes in an aggregate principal amount of up to $100 million, on a pro rata basis based on such Convertible Note Investor’s participation in the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE. The Option was fully subscribed as of the expiration of the Option Period on May 22, 2025, including the Sponsor entering into the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement on May 22, 2025 to purchase its pro rata allotment of the Option Notes. With the inclusion of the Subscription Notes, Option Notes, Exchange Notes and Engagement Letter Notes, the total aggregate principal value of the Convertible Notes will be $486.5 million.
As described above, the net proceeds of the Convertible Notes PIPE will be used by Pubco to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin.
The closing of the Convertible Notes PIPE is contingent upon the satisfaction of all closing conditions to consummate the Transactions and the Convertible Note Investors’ consent to any amendments, modifications or waivers to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement that would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the economic benefits of the Convertible Note Investors, among other customary closing conditions.
Pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco has agreed to certain obligations to register and maintain the registration of the Convertible Notes and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes including that, within 30 calendar days after the Closing, Pubco will file with the SEC (at Pubco’s sole cost and expense) the Resale Registration Statement registering the resale of the Convertible Notes and the shares of Pubco Class A Stock underlying the Convertible Notes, and Pubco shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than 90 calendar days after the Closing, which may be extended an additional 90 calendar days depending on the level of SEC review involved.
Each Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect upon the earliest to occur of (i) such date and time as the Business Combination Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms; (ii) the mutual written agreement of the respective parties to terminate such agreement; or (iii) April 22, 2026.
The descriptions of the terms of the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements in this section are also applicable to the Sponsor Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
Indenture
Concurrently with the Closing, pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco, U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee (the “Trustee”), and Anchorage, as Collateral Agent, will enter into the Indenture, pursuant to which Pubco will issue the Convertible Notes.
The following is a brief description of the terms of the Convertible Notes and the Indenture. The description of the Indenture is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full and complete terms of the form of Indenture.
The Convertible Notes are senior, secured obligations of Pubco and accrue interest at a rate of 1.00% per annum payable semi-annually in arrears and will mature approximately five (5) years from the date the Convertible Notes are issued (the “Issue Date”), unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased.
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The initial conversion rate will be determined based on the formula set forth in the Indenture as calculated at the Closing, subject to customary adjustments. The conversion price is based on a reference price of $10.00 per share, multiplied by a ratio of (i) the BRRNY as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days prior to Closing to (ii) $84,863.57, representing the Bitcoin Price as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days prior to April 22, 2025, and is subject to a 30% premium.
The conversion rate is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. In addition, upon the occurrence of certain events prior to the maturity date or if Pubco delivers a notice of redemption, Pubco will increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert its notes in connection with such corporate event or notice of redemption, as the case may be, in certain circumstances. The specific methodology for calculating the conversion price is set forth in the Indenture.
The Convertible Notes will be convertible into cash, shares of Pubco Class A Stock or a combination of cash and shares of Pubco Class A Stock, at Pubco’s election. Commencing after the calendar quarter ending on December 31, 2025 and prior to the close of business on the Business Day immediately preceding the date that is six (6) months prior to the maturity date, the Convertible Notes will be convertible at the option of holders only upon the satisfaction of certain conditions and during certain periods, including if the last reported sale price of Pubco Class A Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for certain specified periods. Thereafter, holders of the Convertible Notes may convert their Convertible Notes at their option at any time until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date.
Pubco may redeem for cash all or any portion of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after the date that is three (3) years after the Issue Date if the last reported sale price of Pubco Class A Stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which Pubco provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.
If Pubco undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the Indenture), holders of the Convertible Notes may require Pubco to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at a fundamental change repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. In addition, holders of the Convertible Notes have the right to require Pubco to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their Convertible Notes beginning three years from the Issue Date at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any.
The Indenture contains customary terms and covenants, including that upon certain events of default occurring and continuing, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes then outstanding may declare the entire principal amount of all the Convertible Notes, and the interest accrued on such Convertible Notes, if any, to be immediately due and payable. Upon events of default involving specified bankruptcy events involving Pubco, the Convertible Notes will be due and payable immediately.
The Indenture provides that, if Pubco fails to meet certain registration deadlines described in the Indenture, the interest rate on the Convertible Notes will increase by 3.00% per annum for so long as such failure continues.
Security Agreement
Concurrently with the Closing, pursuant to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreements, Pubco and Anchorage, as collateral agent and securities intermediary, will enter into the Security Agreement.
Pursuant to the Security Agreement, subject to certain exceptions, the Convertible Notes will be secured by a first priority security interest in such number of Bitcoin representing $1,459.5 million, calculated based on the Bitcoin Price as averaged over the ten (10) consecutive days immediately prior to the Closing.
The description of the Security Agreement is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full and complete terms of the form of the Security Agreement which is attached as Exhibit A to the Convertible Notes Subscription Agreement.
Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements
Contemporaneously with the execution of the Business Combination Agreement, CEP and Pubco entered into the April Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the April Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which, CEP agreed to issue, and the April Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 20,000,000 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $200 million. The purchase price for the April Equity
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PIPE Shares may be paid in either cash or Bitcoin (based on the Signing Bitcoin Price), at the sole election of each of the April Equity PIPE Investors. The April Equity PIPE Investors have elected to purchase an aggregate of 2,950,000 April Equity PIPE Shares for 347.6168 Bitcoin, with 17,050,000 April Equity PIPE Shares to be purchased in cash.
On June 19, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements with the June Equity PIPE Investors, pursuant to which CEP agreed to issue, and the June Equity PIPE Investors agreed to purchase, 7,857,143 CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a purchase price of $21.00 per share, for an aggregate purchase price of $165 million. The purchase price for the June Equity PIPE Shares may be paid in either cash or Bitcoin (based on the CME CF Bitcoin Reference Rate New York Variant as averaged over the ten consecutive days immediately prior to date of the June Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements), at the sole election of each of the June Equity PIPE Investors. The June Equity PIPE Investors have elected to purchase an aggregate of 676,191 June Equity PIPE Shares for 132.9547 Bitcoin, with 7,180,952 Equity PIPE Shares to be purchased in cash.
Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement and the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, the net proceeds from the Equity PIPEs, the Convertible Notes PIPE and the issuance of the Option Convertible Notes will be used by Pubco to purchase the PIPE Bitcoin from Tether. Pursuant to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement, at the Closing, Pubco will purchase the Initial PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $458.7 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Initial Convertible Notes PIPE and the April Equity PIPE less a $52 million holdback; and, Pubco will purchase the Option PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to $99.5 million, being the gross cash proceeds of the Option, less a $500,000 holdback. Pursuant to the terms of the June PIPE Bitcoin Sale and Purchase Agreement, Pubco will purchase the June PIPE Bitcoin for an aggregate price equal to the gross cash proceeds of the June Equity PIPE, less a $3.3 million holdback. The closing of the Equity PIPEs is contingent upon the satisfaction of all closing conditions to consummate the Transactions and the Equity PIPE Investors’ consent to any amendments, modifications or waivers to the terms of the Business Combination Agreement that would reasonably be expected to materially and adversely affect the economic benefits of the Equity PIPE Investors, among other customary closing conditions.
Pursuant to the Equity PIPE Subscription Agreements, CEP and Pubco have agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the shares of Pubco Class A Stock into which the Equity PIPE Shares will be converted upon consummation of the CEP Merger to be registered on this Registration Statement. To the extent that any such shares of Pubco Class A Stock are unable to be included on this Registration Statement, Pubco has agreed to certain obligations to register and maintain the registration of the Equity PIPE Shares, including that, within 30 calendar days after the Closing, Pubco will file with the SEC (at Pubco’s sole cost and expense) a registration statement registering the resale of the Equity PIPE Shares, and Pubco shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such registration statement declared effective as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, but no later than 90 calendar days after the Closing, which may be extended an additional 90 calendar days depending on the level of SEC review involved.
Each Equity PIPE Subscription Agreement shall terminate and be void and of no further force and effect upon the earliest to occur of (i) such date and time as the Business Combination Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms; (ii) the mutual written agreement of the respective parties to terminate such agreement; or (iii) April 22, 2026.
Agreements with CF&Co.
CF&Co. was the lead underwriter for the CEP IPO and was paid a cash underwriting discount of $2,000,000 in connection with the CEP IPO.
On August 12, 2024, CEP and CF&Co. entered into the Business Combination Marketing Agreement, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as an advisor in connection with an initial business combination to assist CEP in holding meetings with CEP Shareholders to discuss the a potential initial business combination and the acquisition target’s attributes, introduce CEP to potential investors that are interested in purchasing CEP securities and assist CEP with its press releases and public filings in connection with an initial business combination. CEP will pay CF&Co. a cash fee of $3,500,000 for such services upon the consummation of an initial business combination, including the Business Combination.
On April 22, 2025, CEP and Pubco entered into the PIPE Engagement Letter with CF&Co., which was amended by the amendment thereto dated as of June 25, 2025, pursuant to which they engaged CF&Co. as the exclusive placement agent for the PIPE Investments and Pubco engaged CF&Co. for certain future capital markets advisory and other non-financial advisory services. For the services provided thereto, CF&Co. will receive a cash fee at the Closing equal to approximately $19,900,000, which is equal to the sum of (i) 0.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by
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Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 0.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments (assuming that all such April PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements), and (iii) 2.0% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the June Equity PIPE (assuming that all June Equity PIPE Investors fund their commitments in their PIPE Subscription Agreements). Additionally, based on the terms therein and depending upon the number of redemptions of Public Shares in connection with the Business Combination, CF&Co. will also receive Convertible Notes, such that the aggregate principal value of the Engagement Letter Notes and the Exchange Notes is equal to the sum of (i) 1.5% of the value of the Bitcoin to be contributed by Tether and Bitfinex pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, (ii) 1.5% of the gross proceeds received by Pubco and CEP pursuant to the April PIPE Investments, subject to certain adjustments and (iii) $98,963 in additional consideration. Unless more than 56.7% of the Public Shares are redeemed in connection with the Closing, and assuming the April PIPE Investments are fully funded, CF&Co. may not receive any Engagement Letter Notes. The PIPE Engagement Letter also provides that, for the 24-month period following the date of the PIPE Engagement Letter, in consideration for the other fees to be received by CF&Co., Pubco may engage CF&Co. or its affiliates to provide certain to be agreed capital markets advisory or other non-financial advisory services with a value of up to $9,250,000 for no additional consideration payable to CF&Co.
On April 22, 2025, CEP entered into the M&A Engagement Letter, pursuant to which CEP engaged CF&Co. as its exclusive financial advisor for the Business Combination. CF&Co. is not entitled to receive any fees pursuant to the M&A Engagement Letter but will be indemnified against certain liabilities arising out of its engagement.
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Overview
In connection with the Business Combination, CEP Shareholders are being asked to consider and vote upon a proposal by a special resolution to approve and authorize the CEP Merger and the CEP Plan of Merger. The form of the CEP Plan of Merger is attached to this proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B.
Under the Business Combination Agreement, the approval by CEP Shareholders of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal is a condition to the consummation of the Business Combination. If either of those Proposals is not approved by CEP Shareholders, the Business Combination will not be consummated, unless waived by the Parties. The Merger Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal. The NTA Proposal, the Organizational Documents Proposals and the Nasdaq Proposal are conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The Adjournment Proposal is not conditioned on the approval of any other Proposal.
Reasons for the CEP Merger
The authorization of the CEP Plan of Merger requires the approval of CEP Shareholders by special resolution as a matter of Cayman Islands law.
Appraisal or Dissenters’ Rights
Under the Cayman Act, minority shareholders have a right to dissent to a merger and if they so dissent, they are entitled to be paid the fair value of their shares, which if necessary, may ultimately be determined by the court. Therefore, CEP Class A Record Holders have a right to dissent to the CEP Merger. In addition, Public Shareholders are still entitled to exercise the rights of redemption as detailed in this proxy statement/prospectus and the redemption proceeds payable to Public Shareholders who exercise such redemption rights will represents the fair value of those shares.
The following is a brief summary of the rights of CEP Shareholders to dissent from the CEP Merger and receive payment of the fair value of their CEP Ordinary Shares as determined by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands (solely for purposes of this section, the “Court”) in accordance with the Section 238 of the Cayman Act (“dissenters’ rights”). This summary is not a complete statement of the law and is qualified in its entirety by the complete text of Sections 238 and 239 of the Cayman Act, a copy of which is attached as Annex K to this proxy statement/prospectus. If you are contemplating the possibility of dissenting from the CEP Merger, you should carefully review the text of Annex K, particularly the procedural steps required to perfect your dissenters’ rights. These procedures are complex and you should consult your Cayman Islands legal counsel. If you do not fully and precisely satisfy the procedural requirements of the Cayman Act, you will lose your dissenters’ rights.
Requirements for Exercising Dissenters’ Rights
A dissenting CEP Class A Record Holder is entitled to payment of the fair value of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares as determined by the Court upon dissenting from the CEP Merger in accordance with Section 238 of the Cayman Act.
The valid exercise of a CEP Class A Record Holder’s dissenters’ rights will preclude the exercise of any other rights by virtue of holding CEP Class A Ordinary Shares in connection with the CEP Merger, other than the right to participate fully in proceedings to determine the fair value of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by such holder and to seek relief on the grounds that the CEP Merger is void or unlawful. Therefore, if a CEP Class A Record Holder properly exercises its dissenters’ rights, such holder will not receive any shares of Pubco Class A Stock in the CEP Merger. To exercise dissenters’ rights, you must be a CEP Class A Record Holder and the following procedures must be followed:
(1) A CEP Class A Record Holder must give written notice of objection (“Notice of Objection”) to CEP prior to the vote to approve the CEP Merger at the Meeting. The Notice of Objection must include a statement that such holder proposes to demand payment for its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares if the CEP Merger is authorized by the vote at the Meeting.
(2) Within 20 days immediately following the date on which the vote authorizing the CEP Merger is made, CEP must give written notice of the authorization (“Authorization Notice”) to all dissenting shareholders who have served a Notice of Objection.
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(3) Within 20 days immediately following the date on which the Authorization Notice is given (the “Dissent Period”), any dissenting shareholder who elects to dissent must give a written notice of its decision to dissent (a “Notice of Dissent”) to CEP stating its name and address and the number and class of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares with respect to which it dissents and demanding payment of the fair value of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. A dissenting shareholder who dissents must do so in respect of all the Class A CEP Ordinary Shares which it holds. Upon giving of the Notice of Dissent, the dissenting shareholder shall cease to have any of the rights of a shareholder of CEP except the right to be paid the fair value of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, the right to participate fully in proceedings to determine the fair value of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares and the right to seek relief on the grounds that the CEP Merger is void or unlawful.
(4) Within seven days immediately following (a) the date of expiry of the Dissent Period or (b) the date on which the CEP Plan of Merger is filed with the Cayman Islands Registrar, whichever is later, CEP (or the surviving company in the CEP Merger) must make a written offer (a “Fair Value Offer”) to each dissenting shareholder to purchase its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares at a price determined by CEP to be the fair value of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares.
(5) If, within 30 days immediately following the date of the Fair Value Offer, CEP and the dissenting shareholder fail to agree on a price at which CEP will purchase the dissenting shareholder’s CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, then, within 20 days immediately following the date of the expiry of such 30-day period, CEP must, and the dissenting shareholder may, file a petition with the Court for a determination of the fair value of the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by all dissenting shareholders who have served a Notice of Dissent, which petition by CEP must be accompanied by a verified list containing the names and addresses of all members who have filed a Notice of Dissent and who have not agreed with CEP as to the fair value of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares (if a dissenting shareholder files a petition, CEP must file such verified list within 10 days after service of such petition on CEP).
(6) If a petition is timely filed and served, the Court will determine at a hearing at which shareholders are entitled to participate, (a) the fair value of such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held by those shareholders as the Court finds are involved with a fair rate of interest, if any, to be paid by CEP upon the amount determined to be the fair value and (b) the costs of the proceeding and the allocation of such costs upon the parties.
All notices and petitions must be executed by or for the shareholder of record or a person duly authorized on behalf of that shareholder, fully and correctly, as such shareholder’s name appears on the register of members of CEP. If CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are owned of record in a fiduciary capacity, such as by a trustee, guardian or custodian, these notices must be executed by or for the fiduciary. If CEP Class A Ordinary Shares are owned by or for more than one person such notices and petitions must be executed by or for all joint owners. An authorized agent, including an agent for two or more joint owners, may execute the notices or petitions for a shareholder of record. The agent must, however, identify the record owner and expressly disclose the fact that, in exercising the notice, he or she is acting as agent for the record owner. A person having a beneficial interest in CEP Class A Ordinary Shares held of record in the name of another person, such as a broker or other nominee, must act promptly to cause the record holder to follow the steps summarized above and in a timely manner to perfect whatever dissenters’ rights attached to such CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. If a CEP Shareholder has any questions about who the record holder of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares is, or how to become the registered holder of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares, such CEP Class A Record Holder should contact its broker or nominee.
It is a CEP Shareholder’s responsibility to ensure that it is a registered holder of CEP Class A Ordinary Shares prior to the Meeting in order to exercise its dissenters’ rights.
If a CEP Class A Record Holder does not satisfy each of these requirements and comply strictly with all procedures required by the Cayman Act with regard to the exercise of dissenters’ rights, such CEP Class A Record Holder cannot exercise dissenters’ rights and will be bound by the terms of the Business Combination Agreement and the CEP Plan of Merger. Submitting a proxy card that does not direct how the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares represented by that proxy are to be voted will give the proxy discretion to vote as it determines appropriate. In addition, failure to vote its CEP
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Ordinary Shares, or a vote against the Business Combination Proposal or the Merger Proposal, will not alone satisfy the notice requirement to submit a Notice of Objection referred to above. CEP Class A Record Holders must send all notices to CEP at 110 East 59th Street, New York, NY, 10022, attention: Secretary.
If a CEP Class A Record Holder is considering dissenting, such CEP Class A Record Holder should be aware that the fair value of its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares as determined by the Court under Section 238 of the Cayman Act could be more than, the same as, or less than the value of the assets that it would otherwise receive as consideration pursuant to the Business Combination Agreement if it does not exercise dissenting rights with respect to its CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. CEP Class A Shareholders may also be responsible for the cost of any appraisal proceedings.
The provisions of Section 238 of the Cayman Act are technical and complex. If a CEP Class A Record Holder fails to comply strictly with the procedures set forth in Section 238, it will lose its dissenters’ rights. Additionally, appraisal rights under Section 238 are subject to the limitation set forth in Section 239 of the Cayman Act. In particular, appraisal rights could be lost and extinguished where CEP and the other parties to the Business Combination Agreement determine to delay the consummation of the Business Combination in order to invoke the limitation on dissenter rights under Section 239 of the Cayman Act. CEP Class A Record Holders should consult their Cayman Islands legal counsel if they wish to exercise dissenters’ rights.
Required Vote and Recommendation of the CEP Board
The Closing is conditioned on, among other things, the approval of the Merger Proposal. The approval of the Merger Proposal will require a special resolution, being a resolution passed at the Meeting by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement but will not have an effect on the Merger Proposal. The adoption of the Merger Proposal is conditioned upon the adoption of the Business Combination Proposal.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of the adoption and approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination and each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters as described above under “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Sponsor Support Agreement.”
The full text of the resolutions to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that (i) CEP be authorized to merge with and into SPAC Merger Sub so that SPAC Merger Sub be the surviving company and all the undertaking, property and liabilities of CEP vest in SPAC Merger Sub by virtue of such merger pursuant to the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands, and (ii) the plan of merger substantially in the form appended to the proxy statement/prospectus as Annex B (the “CEP Plan of Merger”) be authorized, approved and confirmed in all respects and CEP be authorized to enter into the CEP Plan of Merger.”
THE CEP BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT CEP SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE MERGER PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of CEP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what they may believe is in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and what they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that CEP Shareholders vote for the Proposals. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion.
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Overview
CEP is asking CEP Shareholders to consider and vote upon a proposal by a special resolution to approve an amendment to the CEP Memorandum and Articles, which amendment, if approved, shall remove from the CEP Memorandum and Articles the condition that CEP shall not consummate an initial business combination if it would cause CEP’s NTA to be less than $5,000,001 either immediately prior or upon the consummation of an initial business combination.
Under Articles 49.2, 49.4 and 49.5 of the CEP Memorandum and Articles, CEP is only permitted to enter into an initial business combination, or to redeem Public Shares, to the extent that the NTA Condition is met, which is that immediately prior to, or as a result of, the completion of the initial business combination or the redemption (as applicable), CEP or any entity that succeeds CEP as a public company has NTA of at least $5,000,001. Article 49.5 permits such transactions so long as, after redemptions: (i) the NTA of CEP or of any entity that succeeds CEP as a public company (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the initial business combination) shall be at least $5,000,001; or (ii) CEP is otherwise exempt from the provisions of Rule 419 promulgated under the Securities Act. If either CEP or Pubco, prior to or after the Business Combination, has NTA of at least $5,000,001, the condition is met.
The NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The NTA Amendment, if approved by CEP Shareholders, will only be effective with the consummation of the Business Combination. Failure to approve the NTA Proposal does not necessarily mean that the Business Combination will not occur; however, CEP’s failure to adopt the NTA Amendment and the failure of CEP or Pubco to satisfy the NTA Condition (should all redemptions be honored) would prevent CEP from redeeming all Public Shares submitted for redemption, and thereby would prevent the consummation of the Business Combination.
Reasons for the NTA Amendment
The adoption of the NTA Amendment is being proposed in order to facilitate the consummation of the Business Combination by permitting redemptions by Public Shareholders in connection with the Business Combination even if such redemptions result in CEP having NTA that are less than $5,000,001.
The purpose of the NTA Condition was initially to reduce the risk that CEP or Pubco securities would be deemed to be a “penny stock” pursuant to an exemption permitted under Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) under the Exchange Act. Otherwise, shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be penny stocks may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq. Like many SPACs, CEP included the NTA Condition in the CEP Memorandum and Articles in order to ensure that through the consummation of its initial business combination, CEP or its successor would not be subject to the “penny stock” rules, which would impose greater disclosure obligations on brokers with respect to CEP Class A Ordinary Shares. Aside from the NTA Condition, the listing of Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange is a condition of closing the Business Combination, and many of the initial listing standards for Nasdaq and other national securities exchanges can be higher than would be applicable under the “penny stock” rules.
At June 30, 2025, CEP has assets in excess of $104 million and liabilities of less than $1.5 million. CEP has no intangible assets, and has not had an intervening redemption event. For so long as CEP maintains compliance with applicable exchange listing standards prior to Closing, maintains an NTA of at least $5,000,001 and the Public Shares remain listed on Nasdaq, CEP believes that the Public Shares would not be deemed to be “penny stock”. The NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. The NTA Amendment, if approved by CEP Shareholders, will only be effective upon the consummation of the Business Combination. As long as the NTA Condition is met, CEP will not be precluded from redeeming all of the Public Shares submitted for redemption and effecting the Business Combination.
Upon the Closing, CEP and Pubco expect that the NTA Condition will be satisfied, especially because even assuming maximum redemptions, CEP will have at least $5,000,001 in NTA after the consummation of the Equity PIPE. Furthermore, each of the Business Combination Agreement and the PIPE Subscription Agreements requires, as a closing condition, that Pubco Class A Stock has been approved for listing on a national securities exchange. Therefore, CEP and Pubco do not expect that Pubco Class A Stock will be subject to the “penny stock” rules upon the Closing.
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Risks Relating to the NTA Amendment
CEP is presenting the NTA Proposal so that the parties may consummate the Business Combination even if CEP has $5,000,000 or less in NTA at the Closing as a result of redemptions submitted in connection with the Meeting.
The CEP Memorandum and Articles currently provides that CEP may not redeem Public Shares if the NTA Condition is not met. An inability to redeem the Public Shares would effectively prevent the consummation of the Business Combination. The purpose of this provision was to reduce the risk that CEP or Pubco securities would be deemed to be a “penny stock” pursuant to Rule 3a51-1(g)(1) under the Exchange Act. Shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be penny stocks may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq. The NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal. Failure to approve the NTA Proposal does not necessarily mean that the Business Combination will not occur. However, CEP’s failure to adopt the NTA Amendment combined with the failure of CEP or Pubco to satisfy the NTA Condition (should all redemptions be honored) would prevent CEP from redeeming all Public Shares submitted for redemption, and thereby would prevent the consummation of the Business Combination.
Also, if CEP or Pubco securities become subject to the “penny stock” rules at any point prior to or after Closing, then the CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock may be delisted from trading on Nasdaq or another national securities exchange, and brokers trading in CEP or Pubco securities would be required to adhere to more stringent rules, including but not limited to enhanced disclosure and sales requirements. The “penny stock” rules are burdensome and may have the effect of reducing the purchases pursuant to any offerings and reducing the trading activity in the secondary market for the securities. If CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock are subject to the “penny stock” rules, Public Shareholders and Pubco shareholders may find it more difficult to sell their shares and, therefore, may be required to hold some or all of their shares for an indefinite period of time. The price of such securities may be volatile, and there can be no assurance that shareholders will be able to dispose of their securities at favorable prices, or at all. For more information, relating to the risks of CEP or Pubco securities becoming subject to the “penny stock” rules or of Pubco maintaining an exchange listing, see the risk factors entitled “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the Business Combination — The CEP Memorandum and Articles provide, among other things, that the NTA of CEP or Pubco (either immediately prior to or upon consummation of the Business Combination) must be at least $5,000,001. If the NTA Proposal is not approved, the parties may be unable to consummate the Business Combination if the NTA Condition is not met. In addition, it is possible that CEP Class A Ordinary Shares or Pubco Class A Stock could become subject to the “penny stock” rules of the SEC. Shares subject to the “penny stock” rules would require brokers to provide additional disclosures to investors. In addition, shares that are deemed to be “penny stock” may be subject to delisting from Nasdaq, the NYSE or other national securities exchange” and “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Ownership of Pubco Stock Following the Business Combination — Currently, there is no public market for the shares of Pubco Class A Stock. Public Shareholders cannot be sure about whether the shares of Pubco Class A Stock will develop an active trading market or whether Pubco is able to maintain the listing of Pubco Class A Stock in the future even if Pubco is successful in listing Pubco Class A Stock on Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in shares of Pubco Class A Stock and subject Pubco to additional trading restrictions.”
Required Vote and Recommendation of the CEP Board
The approval of the NTA Proposal will require a special resolution, being a resolution passed at the Meeting by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes cast by, or on behalf of, the CEP Shareholders as, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at the Meeting (assuming the presence of a quorum). Abstentions and broker non-votes will be counted towards the quorum requirement but will not have an effect on the NTA Proposal. The adoption of the NTA Proposal is conditioned upon the approval of the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal.
The Sponsor has agreed to vote its CEP Ordinary Shares in favor of the adoption and approval of the Business Combination Agreement and the Business Combination and each of the CEP Shareholder Approval Matters as described above under “The Business Combination — Other Transaction Agreements — Sponsor Support Agreement.”
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The full text of the resolutions to be passed is as follows:
“RESOLVED, as a special resolution, that, upon the consummation of the Business Combination, CEP’s Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association (the “CEP Memorandum and Articles”) be amended by the deletion of Articles 49.2, 49.4 and 49.5 in their entireties and the insertion of the following language in their place:
49.2 Prior to the consummation of a Business Combination, the Company shall either:
(a) submit such Business Combination to its Members for approval; or
(b) provide Members with the opportunity to have their Shares repurchased by means of a tender offer for a per-Share repurchase price payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account, calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of such Business Combination, including interest earned on the Trust Account (net of taxes paid or payable, if any), divided by the number of then issued Public Shares. Such obligation to repurchase Shares will be subject to the completion of the proposed Business Combination to which it relates.
49.4 At a general meeting called for the purposes of approving a Business Combination pursuant to this Article, in the event that such Business Combination is approved by Ordinary Resolution, the Company shall be authorized to consummate such Business Combination.
49.5 Any Member holding Public Shares who is not the Sponsor, a Founder, Officer or Director may, at least two business days’ prior to any vote on a Business Combination, elect to have their Public Shares redeemed for cash, in accordance with any applicable requirements provided for in the related proxy materials (the “Business Combination Redemption”), provided that no such Member acting together with any Affiliate of their or any other person with whom they are acting in concert or as a partnership, limited partnership, syndicate or other group (including, for the avoidance of doubt, a “group” as defined under Section 13 of the Exchange Act) for the purposes of acquiring, holding or disposing of Shares may exercise this redemption right with respect to more than 25% of the Public Shares in the aggregate without the prior consent of the Company and provided further that any beneficial holder of Public Shares on whose behalf a redemption right is being exercised must identify itself to the Company in connection with any redemption election in order to validly redeem such Public Shares. If so demanded, the Company shall pay any such redeeming Member, regardless of whether they are voting for or against such proposed Business Combination, a per-Share redemption price payable in cash, equal to the aggregate amount then on deposit in the Trust Account calculated as of two business days prior to the consummation of the Business Combination, including interest earned on the Trust Account (such interest shall be net of taxes payable) and not previously released to the Company to pay its taxes, divided by the number of then issued Public Shares (such redemption price being referred to herein as the “Redemption Price”), but only in the event that the applicable proposed Business Combination is approved and consummated.”
THE CEP BOARD UNANIMOUSLY RECOMMENDS THAT CEP SHAREHOLDERS VOTE “FOR” THE APPROVAL OF THE NTA PROPOSAL.
The existence of financial and personal interests of one or more of CEP’s directors may result in a conflict of interest on the part of such director(s) between what they may believe is in the commercial interests of CEP and the CEP Shareholders and what they may believe is best for himself, herself or themselves in determining to recommend that CEP Shareholders vote for the Proposals. See the section entitled “The Business Combination Proposal — Interests of the Sponsor and CEP’s Directors and Executive Officers in the Business Combination” for a further discussion.
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The Organizational Documents PROPOSALS
Overview
As required by SEC guidance, CEP Shareholders have the opportunity to present their views on important corporate governance provisions, CEP is requesting that CEP Shareholders vote upon, on a non-binding advisory basis, a proposal to approve certain governance provisions in the Proposed Organizational Documents, which are separately being presented. These separate votes are not otherwise required by Cayman Islands law or Texas law. Accordingly, each of the CEP Shareholder votes regarding each of the Organizational Documents Proposals is an advisory vote and it is not binding on CEP or the CEP Board, or Pubco or the Pubco Board. Furthermore, the Business Combination is not conditioned on the separate approval of any of the Organizational Documents Proposals. Accordingly, regardless of the outcome of the non-binding advisory votes on each of the Organizational Documents Proposals, the Amended and Restated Pubco Charter and Pubco’s Amended and Restated Bylaws will take effect upon the Closing if the Business Combination Proposal and the Merger Proposal are approved. For more information, please see the section entitled “Comparison of Shareholders’ Rights.”
The Organizational Documents Proposals are composed of the following proposals relating to the material differences between the CEP Memorandum and Articles and the Proposed Organizational Documents:·
• Proposal A: to change the size and composition of the board of directors to seven (7) directors, whose composition will be governed by the terms and conditions pursuant to the Governance Agreement to include four (4) directors initially designated by Tether, with at least two (2) qualifying as independent directors under the rules of Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange, two (2) directors initially designated by SoftBank, with at least one (1) qualifying as an independent director under the rules of Nasdaq or any other national securities exchange; and the Chief Executive Officer of Pubco.
• Proposal B: the Proposed Organizational Documents will provide for an unclassified Pubco Board.
• Proposal C: the Proposed Organizational Documents will require that the Pubco Board is elected by a plurality of the votes cast by holders of shares of Pubco Class B Stock (being all the shares entitled to vote at the election of directors, until all shares of Pubco Class B Stock are canceled) at a meeting of the shareholders at which a quorum is present.
• Proposal D: the Proposed Organizational Documents will provide that special meetings of the shareholders may be called at any time by the President of Pubco, by the Pubco Board, or by the holders of at lea