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        <link:definition>996002 - Disclosure - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Tables)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996004 - Disclosure - Equity (Tables)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996005 - Disclosure - Revisions of Previously Issued Financial Statements (Tables)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996006 - Disclosure - Background (Details)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996007 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)</link:definition>   
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        <link:definition>996008 - Disclosure - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies - Schedule of Potentially Dilutive Securities that were Excluded from Diluted Net Loss Per Share (Details)</link:definition>     
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        <link:definition>996009 - Disclosure - Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets - Schedule of Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets (Details)</link:definition>   
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        <link:definition>996011 - Disclosure - Commitments and Contingencies (Details)</link:definition>     
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        <link:definition>996012 - Disclosure - Equity (Details)</link:definition>  
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        <link:definition>996013 - Disclosure - Equity - Schedule of Common Share Warrant Activity (Details)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996014 - Disclosure - Equity - Schedule of Stock Option Activity (Details)</link:definition>   
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        <link:definition>996015 - Disclosure - Equity - Schedule of Unvested Stock Option (Details)</link:definition>   
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        <link:definition>996016 - Disclosure - Related Party Consulting Agreements (Details)</link:definition> 
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        <link:definition>996017 - Disclosure - Revisions of Previously Issued Financial Statements (Details)</link:definition>  
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        <link:definition>996018 - Disclosure - Revisions of Previously Issued Financial Statements - Schedule of Revision Correcting the Error on the Company&#8217;s Previously Issued Financial Statements (Details)</link:definition>   
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        <link:definition>996019 - Disclosure - Revisions of Previously Issued Financial Statements - Schedule of Revision Correcting the Error on the Company&#8217;s Previously Issued Financial Statements (Parentheticals) (Details)</link:definition>     
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  <xs:element name="ConversionOfPreferredSharesIntoCommonShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ConversionOfPreferredSharesIntoCommonShares"/> 
  <xs:element name="AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationDeemedDividend" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AdjustmentsToAdditionalPaidInCapitalSharebasedCompensationDeemedDividend"/>   
  <xs:element name="IssuanceOfNotePayableForPrepaidInsurance" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_IssuanceOfNotePayableForPrepaidInsurance"/>     
  <xs:element name="PrefundedWarrantIssuedAsADeferredOfferingCost" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PrefundedWarrantIssuedAsADeferredOfferingCost"/>     
  <xs:element name="DeemedDividendsOnPreferredStockAndWarrants" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_DeemedDividendsOnPreferredStockAndWarrants"/>    
  <xs:element name="IssuanceOfPrefundedPreferredSharesInPrivatePlacementOfferingsNet" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_IssuanceOfPrefundedPreferredSharesInPrivatePlacementOfferingsNet"/>   
  <xs:element name="ConversionOfPreferredParticipationCertificatesIntoCommonShares" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ConversionOfPreferredParticipationCertificatesIntoCommonShares"/>    
  <xs:element name="AccruedDividendsOnPreferredStocks" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AccruedDividendsOnPreferredStocks"/> 
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartyConsultingAgreements" type="dtr:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RelatedPartyConsultingAgreements"/>     
  <xs:element name="PreferredSharesPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredSharesPolicyTextBlock"/> 
  <xs:element name="RecentAccountingPronouncementsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock" type="dtr:textBlockItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RecentAccountingPronouncementsNotYetAdoptedPolicyTextBlock"/>  
  <xs:element name="VendorPrepayments" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_VendorPrepayments"/>  
  <xs:element name="VATRecoverableAndOtherCurrentAssets" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_VATRecoverableAndOtherCurrentAssets"/>   
  <xs:element name="StampTax" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_StampTax"/>     
  <xs:element name="AccruedBoardFeesCurrent" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AccruedBoardFeesCurrent"/>     
  <xs:element name="AccruedDividendOnPreferredStock" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AccruedDividendOnPreferredStock"/> 
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentsAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentsAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>     
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm" type="xbrli:durationItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsOutstandingWeightedAverageRemainingContractualTerm"/>   
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsGrantedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/> 
  <xs:element name="ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ShareBasedCompensationArrangementByShareBasedPaymentAwardNonOptionEquityInstrumentsExercisedWeightedAverageExercisePrice"/>     
  <xs:element name="EquityScheduleofStockOptionActivityDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_EquityScheduleofStockOptionActivityDetailsTable"/>   
  <xs:element name="BackgroundDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_BackgroundDetailsTable"/>   
  <xs:element name="NominalValuePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_NominalValuePrice"/>    
  <xs:element name="SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_SummaryofSignificantAccountingPoliciesDetailsTable"/>    
  <xs:element name="ShareCapital" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ShareCapital"/>    
  <xs:element name="TaxBenefitsMoreLikelyToBeRecognizedPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_TaxBenefitsMoreLikelyToBeRecognizedPercentage"/>    
  <xs:element name="PercenatgeOfDisaggregation" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercenatgeOfDisaggregation"/> 
  <xs:element name="LicenseConsideration" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_LicenseConsideration"/>     
  <xs:element name="MilestonePaymentsDueDescription" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MilestonePaymentsDueDescription"/>  
  <xs:element name="EquityDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_EquityDetailsTable"/>     
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfFutureOfferings" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfFutureOfferings"/>   
  <xs:element name="ExchangePreferredShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ExchangePreferredShares"/> 
  <xs:element name="PreferredStockAndWarrantsConvertibleConversionPrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredStockAndWarrantsConvertibleConversionPrice"/> 
  <xs:element name="PreferredStockAndWarrantsConversionOfExercisePrice" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredStockAndWarrantsConversionOfExercisePrice"/>    
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfPreferredStockAccruesDividends" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfPreferredStockAccruesDividends"/>   
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfShareCapital" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfShareCapital"/>  
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfTransferRestriction" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfTransferRestriction"/> 
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfCapitalReduction" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfCapitalReduction"/>     
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfTreasuryShares" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfTreasuryShares"/> 
  <xs:element name="GrossProceeds" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_GrossProceeds"/>     
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfWeightedAveragePrice" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfWeightedAveragePrice"/>  
  <xs:element name="RemainingUnconvertedShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RemainingUnconvertedShares"/>  
  <xs:element name="RemainingUnconvertedPerShare" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RemainingUnconvertedPerShare"/> 
  <xs:element name="AdditionalCommonShares" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AdditionalCommonShares"/>    
  <xs:element name="MarketPriceOfPrefundedWarrant" type="dtr:perShareItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MarketPriceOfPrefundedWarrant"/>  
  <xs:element name="PreferredStockDeemedDividends" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredStockDeemedDividends"/> 
  <xs:element name="RelatedPartyConsultingAgreementsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_RelatedPartyConsultingAgreementsDetailsTable"/>  
  <xs:element name="RoyaltyOnBasisPercentage" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RoyaltyOnBasisPercentage"/>  
  <xs:element name="BonusAmount" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_BonusAmount"/>  
  <xs:element name="RemainingOfCashPaid" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" xbrli:balance="debit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RemainingOfCashPaid"/> 
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfProceedsEarned" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfProceedsEarned"/> 
  <xs:element name="PaymentsOfMilestones" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PaymentsOfMilestones"/>     
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfIncreaseOrDecreaseOfRoyalty" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfIncreaseOrDecreaseOfRoyalty"/>  
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfLicenseFee" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfLicenseFee"/>   
  <xs:element name="PercentageOfIncreaseOrDecreaseOfLincense" type="dtr:percentItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PercentageOfIncreaseOrDecreaseOfLincense"/>    
  <xs:element name="MonthlyRetainerForServices" type="xbrli:monetaryItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="duration" xbrli:balance="credit" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MonthlyRetainerForServices"/>  
  <xs:element name="RevisionsofPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_RevisionsofPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsTable"/>     
  <xs:element name="RevisionsofPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsLineItems" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_RevisionsofPreviouslyIssuedFinancialStatementsDetailsLineItems"/>   
  <xs:element name="SubsequentEventsDetailsTable" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrldt:hypercubeItem" id="nlsp_SubsequentEventsDetailsTable"/>     
  <xs:element name="NumberOfCommonSharesExchange" type="xbrli:sharesItemType" abstract="false" xbrli:periodType="instant" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_NumberOfCommonSharesExchange"/>     
  <xs:element name="AexonAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AexonAgreementMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="AexonMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AexonMember"/>    
  <xs:element name="AlexanderZwyerMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AlexanderZwyerMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="AsRevisedMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_AsRevisedMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="BVFPartnersLPSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_BVFPartnersLPSecuritiesPurchaseAgreementMember"/>    
  <xs:element name="BlackScholesModelMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_BlackScholesModelMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="BlackScholesOptionPricingModelMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_BlackScholesOptionPricingModelMember"/>    
  <xs:element name="CompanyShareholdersMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_CompanyShareholdersMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="ConsultingAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ConsultingAgreementMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="DownRoundProvisionTriggersMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_DownRoundProvisionTriggersMember"/> 
  <xs:element name="EricKonofalMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_EricKonofalMember"/> 
  <xs:element name="ExchangeAgreementMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_ExchangeAgreementMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="GoingConcernMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_GoingConcernMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="HCWainwrightCoLLCMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_HCWainwrightCoLLCMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="KadimastemShareholdersMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_KadimastemShareholdersMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="MarchTwoThousandTwentyFiveSPAMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MarchTwoThousandTwentyFiveSPAMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="MrHellmannMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MrHellmannMember"/>    
  <xs:element name="MrKonofalMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MrKonofalMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="MrsFernandezMcGovernMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_MrsFernandezMcGovernMember"/>    
  <xs:element name="NonVotingRegisteredPPCsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_NonVotingRegisteredPPCsMember"/>     
  <xs:element name="PreFundedWarrantsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreFundedWarrantsMember"/>   
  <xs:element name="PreferredParticipationCertificatesMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredParticipationCertificatesMember"/>  
  <xs:element name="PreferredSharesAndPPCsMember" type="dtr:domainItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_PreferredSharesAndPPCsMember"/>   
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  <xs:element name="DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract" type="xbrli:stringItemType" abstract="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" nillable="true" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" id="nlsp_DocumentAndEntityInformationAbstract"/> 
</xs:schema>
