0001949712 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001949712 dei:BusinessContactMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001949712 2024-12-31 0001949712 2023-12-31 0001949712 2025-06-30 0001949712 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001949712 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001949712 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2022-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2022-12-31 0001949712 2022-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-01-01 2023-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2023-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2023-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2024-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-12-31 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-01-01 2024-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2024-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2024-06-30 0001949712 2024-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-01-01 2025-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:IssuedCapitalMember 2025-06-30 0001949712 ifrs-full:RetainedEarningsMember 2025-06-30 0001949712 2022-09-23 iso4217:USD shares iso4217:USD shares Amendment No. 10 ClimateRock Holdings Limited E9 25 Bedford Square London WC1B 3HH GB +44 208 050 7820 Puglisi & Associates 850 Library Avenue Suite 204 Newark DE 19711 (302) 738-6680 true false 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -28046 -4000 -28045 -3999 28046 4000 28046 4000 28046 4000 1 1 24046 4000 24046 4000 -24046 -4000 -24046 -4000 -24046 -4000 1 1 -4000 -4000 1 -4000 -3999 -24046 -24046 1 -28046 -28045 -24046 -4000 24046 4000 1 1 1 1 <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">1<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>NATURE OF OPERATIONS</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">ClimateRock Holdings Limited (the “Company”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company, incorporated and registered in the Cayman Islands under the Companies Act (Revised) on September 23, 2022. ClimateRock Holdings Limited has its registered office at Ogier Global (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman, KY1<span class="nobreak">-9009</span>, Cayman Islands.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The authorised share capital of ClimateRock Holdings Limited is USD 50,000, divided into 50,000 ordinary shares with a par value of USD 1.00 each. Upon incorporation on September 23, 2022, 1 ordinary share was issued to Ogier Global Subscriber (Cayman) Limited at a par value of USD 1.00 per share. On October 3, 2022, this share was transferred to ClimateRock Holdings Topco Limited, and on December 28, 2023, it was transferred to ClimateRock.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">As of December 31, 2024, the Company had not yet commenced operations. ClimateRock Holdings Limited was incorporated for the purposes of the de<span class="nobreak">-SPAC</span> transaction. Its activities were limited to holding shares in:</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>ClimateRock Merger Sub — incorporated on September<span class="nobreak"> </span>23, 2022, and had not yet commenced operations.</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>GreenRock Merger Sub — incorporated on January<span class="nobreak"> </span>2, 2024, and had not yet commenced operations.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Both subsidiaries are Cayman Islands exempted companies and are wholly<span class="nobreak">-owned</span> subsidiaries of ClimateRock Holdings Limited.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Going Concern</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.</p> 50000 50000 1 1 1 <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">2<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</span></p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Reporting</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The accounting policies were consistently applied to all periods presented.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Functional and Presentation Currency</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements are presented in United States dollar (USD), which is also the Company’s functional currency, except when otherwise stated.</p><p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Segment Reporting</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">IFRS<span class="nobreak"> </span>8, Operating Segments, requires public companies to disclose particular classes of entities (essentially those with publicly traded securities) information about their operating segments, products and services, the geographical areas in which they operate, and their major customers. Information is based on internal management reports, both in the identification of operating segments and measurement of disclosed segment information.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company’s management identifies operating segments based on how the Company’s management internally evaluate separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. As the Company currently has no operations or revenue<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> activities, there are no reportable segments.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Revenue</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a good or service to a customer. A five<span class="nobreak">-step</span> process is applied before revenue from contract with customers can be recognized:</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Identify contracts with customers</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Identify the separate performance obligation</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Determine the transaction price of the contract</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Allocate the transaction price to each of the separate performance obligations, and</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Recognize the revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Revenue from contracts with customers</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. For each contract with a customer, the Company identifies the contract with a customer, identifies the performance obligations in the contract; determines the transaction price which takes into account estimates of variable consideration and the time value of money; allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations on the basis of the relative stand<span class="nobreak">-alone</span> selling price of each distinct good or service to be delivered; and recognizes revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied in a manner that depicts the transfer to the customer of the goods or services promised.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Variable consideration within the transaction price, if any, reflects concessions provided to the customer such as discounts, rebates and refunds, any potential bonuses receivable from the customer and any other contingent events. Such estimates are determined using either the ‘expected value’ or ‘most likely amount’ method. The measurement of variable consideration is subject to a constraining principle whereby revenue will only be recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The measurement constraint continues until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Amounts received that are subject to the constraining principle are recognized as a refund liability.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Impairment of Long-lived Assets</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">At each reporting period end date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its long<span class="nobreak">-lived</span> assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit to which the asset belongs.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre<span class="nobreak">-tax</span> discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Recognized impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Assets</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Financial assets are recognized in the group’s statement of financial position when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are classified into specified categories, depending on the nature and purpose of the financial assets.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">At initial recognition, financial assets classified as fair value through profit and loss are measured at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. Financial assets not classified as fair value through profit and loss are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">When any of the above<span class="nobreak">-mentioned</span> conditions for classification of financial assets is not met, a financial asset is classified as measured at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are recognized initially at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss when incurred. A gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss, and is included within finance income or finance costs in the statement of income for the reporting period in which it arises.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Current and Deferred Income Taxes</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and net deferred tax.</p> <p class="H3_ind" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:24pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:1;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Current tax</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-left:24pt;margin-top:8pt;">The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.</p> <p class="H3_ind" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:24pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:1;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Deferred tax</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-left:24pt;margin-top:8pt;">Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled, or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit or loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directed to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Employee and Retirement benefits</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The costs of short<span class="nobreak">-term</span> employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets. The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employees’ services are received. Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Overview of financial risk management policy</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company is exposed to various financial risks such as market risk (exchange risk, interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk due to various activities. The Company’s overall risk management policy focuses on volatility in the financial markets and focuses on minimizing any negative impact on financial performance. Risk management is conducted under the supervision of the finance department according to the policy approved by the Board of Directors. The finance department identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks in close cooperation with the sales departments. The Board of Directors provides written policies on overall risk management principles and specific areas such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative and non<span class="nobreak">-derivative</span> financial instruments, and investments in excess of liquidity.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Liquidity Risk Management</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company constantly monitors its liquidity positions to ensure that no borrowing limits or commitments are breached to meet operating capital needs. In estimating liquidity, we also take into account external laws or legal requirements, such as the Company’s financing plan, compliance with agreements, internal target financial ratios and currency restrictions.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Interest Rate Risk</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Interest rate risk refers to the risk that interest income and interest expenses arising from deposits or borrowings will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates in the future, which mainly arises from deposits and borrowings with floating interest rates. The goal of interest rate risk management is to maximize corporate value by minimizing uncertainty caused by interest rate fluctuations. As of the end of the reporting period, there are no financial instruments subject to a variable interest rate.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Fair Value Measurement</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2023 are insignificant.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">All financial assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities that require any fair value measurement as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Reporting</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”). The accounting policies were consistently applied to all periods presented.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year are discussed below.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Functional and Presentation Currency</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements are presented in United States dollar (USD), which is also the Company’s functional currency, except when otherwise stated.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Segment Reporting</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">IFRS<span class="nobreak"> </span>8, Operating Segments, requires public companies to disclose particular classes of entities (essentially those with publicly traded securities) information about their operating segments, products and services, the geographical areas in which they operate, and their major customers. Information is based on internal management reports, both in the identification of operating segments and measurement of disclosed segment information.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company’s management identifies operating segments based on how the Company’s management internally evaluate separate financial information, business activities and management responsibility. As the Company currently has no operations or revenue<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> activities, there are no reportable segments.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Revenue</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company recognizes revenue when it transfers control over a good or service to a customer. A five<span class="nobreak">-step</span> process is applied before revenue from contract with customers can be recognized:</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Identify contracts with customers</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Identify the separate performance obligation</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Determine the transaction price of the contract</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Allocate the transaction price to each of the separate performance obligations, and</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Recognize the revenue as each performance obligation is satisfied</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Revenue from contracts with customers</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Revenue is recognized at an amount that reflects the consideration to which the Company is expected to be entitled in exchange for transferring goods or services to a customer. For each contract with a customer, the Company identifies the contract with a customer, identifies the performance obligations in the contract; determines the transaction price which takes into account estimates of variable consideration and the time value of money; allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations on the basis of the relative stand<span class="nobreak">-alone</span> selling price of each distinct good or service to be delivered; and recognizes revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied in a manner that depicts the transfer to the customer of the goods or services promised.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Variable consideration within the transaction price, if any, reflects concessions provided to the customer such as discounts, rebates and refunds, any potential bonuses receivable from the customer and any other contingent events. Such estimates are determined using either the ‘expected value’ or ‘most likely amount’ method. The measurement of variable consideration is subject to a constraining principle whereby revenue will only be recognized to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur. The measurement constraint continues until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. Amounts received that are subject to the constraining principle are recognized as a refund liability.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Impairment of Long-lived Assets</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">At each reporting period end date, the Company reviews the carrying amounts of its long<span class="nobreak">-lived</span> assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the Company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit to which the asset belongs.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre<span class="nobreak">-tax</span> discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Recognized impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash<span class="nobreak">-generating</span> unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Assets</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Financial assets are recognized in the group’s statement of financial position when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are classified into specified categories, depending on the nature and purpose of the financial assets.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">At initial recognition, financial assets classified as fair value through profit and loss are measured at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. Financial assets not classified as fair value through profit and loss are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">When any of the above<span class="nobreak">-mentioned</span> conditions for classification of financial assets is not met, a financial asset is classified as measured at fair value through profit or loss. Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss are recognized initially at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss when incurred. A gain or loss on a financial asset measured at fair value through profit or loss is recognised in profit or loss, and is included within finance income or finance costs in the statement of income for the reporting period in which it arises.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Current and Deferred Income Taxes</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The tax expense represents the sum of tax currently payable and net deferred tax.</p><p class="H3_ind" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:24pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:1;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Current tax</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-left:24pt;margin-top:8pt;">The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.</p><p class="H3_ind" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:24pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:1;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Deferred tax</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-left:24pt;margin-top:8pt;">Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled, or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit or loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directed to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities, and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Employee and Retirement benefits</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The costs of short<span class="nobreak">-term</span> employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets. The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employees’ services are received. Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Overview of financial risk management policy</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company is exposed to various financial risks such as market risk (exchange risk, interest rate risk), credit risk and liquidity risk due to various activities. The Company’s overall risk management policy focuses on volatility in the financial markets and focuses on minimizing any negative impact on financial performance. Risk management is conducted under the supervision of the finance department according to the policy approved by the Board of Directors. The finance department identifies, evaluates and manages financial risks in close cooperation with the sales departments. The Board of Directors provides written policies on overall risk management principles and specific areas such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, credit risk, use of derivative and non<span class="nobreak">-derivative</span> financial instruments, and investments in excess of liquidity.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Liquidity Risk Management</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company constantly monitors its liquidity positions to ensure that no borrowing limits or commitments are breached to meet operating capital needs. In estimating liquidity, we also take into account external laws or legal requirements, such as the Company’s financing plan, compliance with agreements, internal target financial ratios and currency restrictions.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Interest Rate Risk</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Interest rate risk refers to the risk that interest income and interest expenses arising from deposits or borrowings will fluctuate due to changes in market interest rates in the future, which mainly arises from deposits and borrowings with floating interest rates. The goal of interest rate risk management is to maximize corporate value by minimizing uncertainty caused by interest rate fluctuations. As of the end of the reporting period, there are no financial instruments subject to a variable interest rate.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">Fair Value Measurement</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The difference between the carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities as at December 31, 2023 are insignificant.</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">All financial assets and liabilities for which fair value is measured or disclosed in the financial statements are categorized within the fair value hierarchy, described as follows, based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole:</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is directly or indirectly observable</p><p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is unobservable</p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company did not have any financial assets or liabilities that require any fair value measurement as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company has evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date through date of approval of the financial statements and has determined that there are no events after the reporting period that would require adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.</p> 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -30646 -28046 -30645 -28045 30646 28046 30646 28046 30646 28046 1 1 2600 2000 2600 2000 -2600 -2000 -2600 -2000 -2600 -2000 1 -4000 -3999 -2000 -2000 1 -6000 -5999 1 -28046 -28045 -2600 -2600 1 -30646 -30645 -2600 -2000 2600 2000 1 1 1 1 <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-left:24pt;text-indent:-24pt;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">1<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>NATURE OF OPERATIONS</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">ClimateRock Holdings Limited (the “Company”) is a Cayman Islands exempted company, incorporated and registered in the Cayman Islands under the Companies Act (Revised) on September 23, 2022. ClimateRock Holdings Limited has its registered office at Ogier Global (Cayman) Limited, 89 Nexus Way, Camana Bay, Grand Cayman, KY1<span class="nobreak">-9009</span>, Cayman Islands.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">As of December 31, 2023, the Company had not yet commenced operations. The Company was incorporated for the purposes of the de<span class="nobreak">-SPAC</span> transaction. Its activities are limited to holding shares in:</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>ClimateRock Merger Sub — incorporated on September<span class="nobreak"> </span>23, 2022, and had not yet commenced operations.</p> <p class="BL_m" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;list-style-position:outside;list-style-type:disc;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:48pt;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:-24pt;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;"><span class="bullet" style="font-size:10pt;">•<span style="width: 27px;display: inline-block;">        </span></span>GreenRock Merger Sub — incorporated on January<span class="nobreak"> </span>2, 2024, and had not yet commenced operations.</p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">Both subsidiaries are Cayman Islands exempted companies, are dormant and have no material assets nor liabilities and are wholly<span class="nobreak">-owned</span> subsidiaries of the Company.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Interim Unaudited Financial Reporting</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">These unaudited condensed interim financial statements as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the instructions to interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by the IFRS for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six months ended June 30, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future periods or the year ending December 31, 2025. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s 2024 year<span class="nobreak">-end</span> audited financial statements.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Going Concern</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates, among other things, the realization of assets and satisfaction of liabilities in the normal course of business.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-left:24pt;text-indent:-24pt;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">2<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES</span></p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Reporting</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies adopted in the Company’s most recent annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. The accounting policies were consistently applied to all periods presented.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Basis of Presentation and Financial Statements</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements consist of the financial statements of the Company. Its subsidiaries are dormant and have not traded and are immaterial to the Company. On this basis consolidated accounts have not been prepared.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. Currently there are no estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.</p><p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Functional and Presentation Currency</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements are presented in United States dollar (USD), which is also the Company’s functional currency, except when otherwise stated.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Financial Reporting</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention and have been prepared in accordance with the accounting policies adopted in the Company’s most recent annual financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. The accounting policies were consistently applied to all periods presented.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Basis of Presentation and Financial Statements</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements consist of the financial statements of the Company. Its subsidiaries are dormant and have not traded and are immaterial to the Company. On this basis consolidated accounts have not been prepared.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Critical Accounting Estimates and Assumptions</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The preparation of financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions concerning the future. Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. Currently there are no estimates and assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.</p> <p class="H3" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:italic;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="BoldItalic" style="font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Functional and Presentation Currency</span></p><p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The financial statements are presented in United States dollar (USD), which is also the Company’s functional currency, except when otherwise stated.</p> <p class="H2" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:12pt;orphans:99;page-break-after:avoid;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:1;margin-left:24pt;text-indent:-24pt;margin-top:12pt;"><span class="Bold" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;">3<span style="width: 23px;display: inline-block;">       </span>SUBSEQUENT EVENTS</span></p> <p class="Text_flush" style="margin:0;padding:0;border-width:0;font-family:Times New Roman PS Std, serif;font-size:10pt;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;margin-top:8pt;orphans:2;page-break-after:auto;page-break-before:auto;text-align:justify;text-indent:0;widows:3;margin-top:8pt;">The Company has evaluated events subsequent to the balance sheet date through date of approval of the financial statements and has determined that there are no events after the reporting period that would require adjustment or disclosure in the financial statements.</p> F-4/A 0001949712 true