Operating expenses (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Expenses by nature [abstract]

Disclosure of expenses by nature


(amounts in thousands of euros)
SALES AND MARKETING		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
Personnel costs		448		1,256		1,901		2,217
Consulting and professional fees		270		568		2,363		952
Other sales and marketing expenses		135		14		819		203
Sales & Marketing		853		1,838		5,082		3,372

Research and development expenses break down as follows:


(amounts in thousands of euros)
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSES		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
Sub-contracting, studies and research		33,271		28,017		80,553		87,309
Personnel costs		4,868		23,528		14,659		34,835
Consulting and professional fees		4,156		3,029		9,644		8,877
Intellectual property fees		493		443		1,434		920
Other research and development expenses		497		399		1,646		1,421
Research and development expenses		43,286		55,416		107,936		133,362


(amounts in thousands of euros)
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024		FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2025
Personnel costs		4,051		21,042		15,483		31,588
Consulting and professional fees		2,229		3,542		6,077		7,245
Other general and administrative expenses		1,095		917		3,746		2,971
General and administrative expenses		7,375		25,500		25,306		41,803