Note 6 Convertible Notes

During the years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, the Company issued several series of unsecured convertible notes with embedded conversion features and freestanding warrants. The Company evaluated the embedded conversion features and the warrants and concluded that they qualified as equity instruments under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and ASC 815-40, Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity.

Due to the limited trading activity and pricing transparency of the Company’s Common Stock, observable market inputs for valuing those instruments were determined to be unreliable. Specifically:

Accordingly, the Company applied a market-based valuation technique using the most recent private placement price of $0.018 per share (dated November 2, 2021) as a proxy for fair value. This valuation approach is considered a Level 3 fair value measurement within the fair value hierarchy due to the use of unobservable inputs. The fair value of the freestanding warrants as of the reporting date was estimated based on this Level 3 input, and the corresponding equity classified warrants has been recorded under additional paid-in capital. Management believes this approach provides the most reasonable estimate of fair value in the absence of observable market data. 

Significant unobservable input used in the valuation was the private placement price of $0.018/share. No sensitivity analysis is presented due to the absence of a reliable market range of inputs.

Although the embedded conversion features meet the definition of equity classified instruments under ASC 815, the Company concluded that there is no reliable basis to estimate their fair value as of the reporting date. The features are highly sensitive to changes in various unobservable inputs, and due to the lack of active trading, volatility benchmarks, or comparable market data, any valuation would be purely speculative. Management assessed whether a Level 3 fair value estimate (e.g., using an option pricing model) could be developed, but concluded that input assumptions such as volatility and market-based discount rates were not supportable. As such, no value has been assigned to the embedded conversion features, and the recognized equity classified instruments pertains solely to the freestanding warrants. The Company will reassess the valuation of the conversion features in subsequent periods as market data becomes available. 

Our convertible notes payable, all of which are liabilities as of June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, are as follows:

Series 1

During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2022, the Company issued convertible notes totaling $950,000 and $100,000, respectively.

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2021

Series 1-1

On August 31, 2021, the Company issued a series of convertible notes with total principal amount and cash proceeds of $950,000. Those convertible notes accrued interest at an annual rate of 6%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, those convertible notes accrued default interest at an annual rate of 12%. Those convertible notes matured on December 31, 2022.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $42,634 and $42,634 respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 1-2

On April 5, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with total principal amount and cash proceeds of $100,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 6%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 12%. The convertible note matured on December 31, 2022.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $4,487 and $4,487 respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations. 

Series 2

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 2-1

On January 5, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount and cash proceeds of $250,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 15%. The convertible note matured on April 5, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, the discount was fully amortized.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 6,250,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.021 per share at any time until July 1, 2024.

The fair value of the warrants of $80,221 was separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The fair value of the warrants was amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $16,829 and $16,829 respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2023

Series 2-4

On January 10, 2023, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $110,000 for cash proceeds of $100,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on January 10, 2024.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants that entitle the holder to purchase 20,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.020 per share at any time until January 30, 2030.

The fair values of the warrants of $87,675 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $10,000, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $9,324 and $9,324, respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 2-5

On January 10, 2023, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount and cash proceeds of $110,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on January 10, 2024. The note is in default.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $11,220 and $9,324, respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 3

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 3-1

On February 11, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $137,500 for cash proceeds of $125,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 11.25%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on February 11, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 1,250,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share at any time until February 11, 2027.

The fair values of the warrants of $22,568 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $12,500, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $7,723 and $7,723 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 3-2

On February 11, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $137,500 for cash proceeds of $125,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 11%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 15%. The convertible note matured on February 18, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 1,250,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.10 per share at any time until February 11, 2027.

The fair values of the warrants of $22,568 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $12,500, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $11,397 and $11,397 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 4

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 4-1

On May 5, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $110,000 for cash proceeds of $100,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on May 5, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until May 5, 2029.

The fair values of the warrants of $54,495 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $10,000, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to condensed consolidated interim statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $9,324 and $9,324 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 4-2

On June 24, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $110,000 for cash proceeds of $100,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on May 5, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until June 24, 2029.

The fair values of the warrants of $54,111 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $10,000, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $9,324 and $9,324 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 5

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 5-1

On May 5, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $82,500 for cash proceeds of $75,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on May 5, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 3,750,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until May 5, 2029.

The fair values of the warrants of $40,872 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $7,500, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $6,995 and $6,995 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 5-2

On May 5, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $110,000 for cash proceeds of $100,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 11%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on May 5, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until May 5, 2029.

The fair values of the warrants of $54,495 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $10,000, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $9,118 and $9,118 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 5-3

On October 14, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $110,000 for cash proceeds of $110,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on February 23, 2023.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 5,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until May 5, 2029.

The fair value of the warrants of $51,262 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The fair value of the warrants was amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $7,404 and $7,404 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 5-4

On December 15, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $220,000 for cash proceeds of $200,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on January 10, 2024.

In connection with the issuance of the convertible note, the Company also issued common share purchase warrants (the “Warrants”) that entitle the holder to purchase 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock at an exercise price of $0.02 per share at any time until May 5, 2029.

The fair values of the warrants of $73,111 were separated from the convertible note and accounted for as a reduction of the carrying amount of the convertible note with an increase to additional paid-in capital.

The issuance of the convertible note resulted in an original issuance discount of $20,000, calculated as the difference between the principal amount and the cash proceeds. The total of the original issuance discount and the allocated fair value of the warrants were being amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $18,649 and $18,649 in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2023

Series 5-5

On February 2, 2023, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $20,000 for cash proceeds of $20,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 12%. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 22%. The convertible note matured on December 31, 2023.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $1,696 and $1,696, respectively, in the condensed consolidated interim statements of operations.

Series 6

Convertible notes issued during year ended December 31, 2022

Series 6-1

On September 16, 2022, the Company issued a convertible note with a principal amount of $55,000 for cash proceeds of $50,000. The convertible note accrued interest at an annual rate of 6% starting from January 1, 2023. Upon the occurrence of an event of default, the convertible note accrued default interest at an annual rate of 12%. The convertible note matured on September 16, 2023.

The original issuance discount of $5,000 and the fair value of the embedded conversion feature were amortized to consolidated statements of operations over the term of the convertible note using the effective interest method.

For the three months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded interest expense of $1,645 and $1,645 in the consolidated statements of operations.