The effective income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows.
| | | | | | | | | | Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Actual Income Tax Rate | | | For the year ended December 31, 2025 | | Amount | Percent | Income from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | 2,768 | | | Tax expected at 21% | 581 | | 21.0 | % | State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect(1) | 41 | | 1.5 | % | Foreign tax effects | | | | China | 30 | | 1.1 | % | Other foreign jurisdictions | 54 | | 2.0 | % | Effect of cross-border tax laws | | | | | | Foreign-derived deduction eligible income | (49) | | (1.8) | % | Net CFC tested income | 45 | | 1.6 | % | | Other | 5 | | 0.2 | % | Tax credits | | | R&D tax credits | (28) | | (1.0) | % | Foreign tax credits | (81) | | (2.9) | % | Changes in valuation allowances | 9 | | 0.3 | % | Nontaxable or nondeductible items(2) | 22 | | 0.8 | % | Changes in unrecognized tax benefits | (24) | | (0.9) | % | Other adjustments | 8 | | 0.3 | % | | Effective tax rate | $ | 614 | | 22.2 | % |
(1) In 2025, state and local income taxes in California, Illinois, New York, Florida, New Jersey, New York City, and Pennsylvania comprise more than 50% of state and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect. (2) The tax impact of any share-based compensation items are included in this category.
For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the effective income tax rate differs from the statutory federal income tax rate as follows.
| | | | | | | | | | Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Actual Income Tax Rate | | | | | For the years ended December 31 | | | 2024 | 2023 | Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 2,581 | | $ | 2,361 | | Tax expected at 21% | | 542 | | 496 | | Foreign operations | | 38 | | 63 | | Withholding taxes | | 34 | | 28 | | U.S. tax on foreign operations | | (43) | | (35) | | Uncertain tax positions | | 170 | | 11 | | R&D benefits | | (51) | | (33) | | State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect | | 49 | | 24 | | Valuation allowance | | (281) | | 19 | | Spin-Off and separation costs | | 72 | | 184 | | Other | | — | | (14) | | Provision for income taxes | | $ | 531 | | $ | 743 | | Effective income tax rate | | 20.6% | 31.5% |
|