Risk Management |
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| Disclosure of credit risk exposure [abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Risk Management |
Overview The credit risk that the Barclays Bank Group faces arises from wholesale and retail loans and advances together with the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative contracts with clients' trading activities, including: debt securities, settlement balances with market counterparties, FVOCI (fair value through other comprehensive income) assets and reverse repurchase loans. Credit risk management objectives are to: ▪maintain a framework of controls to oversee credit risk ▪identify, assess and measure credit risk clearly and accurately across the Barclays Bank Group and within each separate business, from the level of individual facilities up to the total portfolio ▪control and plan credit risk taking in line with external stakeholder expectations, including risk return objectives, and avoiding undesirable concentrations ▪monitor credit risk and adherence to agreed controls. Organisation, roles and responsibilities The first line of defence has primary responsibility for managing credit risk within the risk appetite and limits set by the Risk function, supported by a defined set of policies, standards and controls. In the Barclays Bank Group, business risk committees (attended by the first line) monitor and review the credit risk profile of each business unit where the most material issues are escalated to the Retail Credit Risk Management Committee, Wholesale Credit Risk Management Committee and the Barclays Group Risk Committee. Wholesale and retail portfolios are managed separately to reflect the differing nature of the assets; wholesale balances tend to be larger and are managed on an individual basis, while retail balances are greater in number but lesser in value and are, therefore, managed in aggregated segments. The responsibilities of the credit risk management teams in the businesses, the sanctioning team and other shared services include: sanctioning new credit agreements (principally wholesale); setting strategies for approval of transactions (principally retail); setting risk appetite; monitoring risk against limits and other parameters; setting recession readiness frameworks to protect portfolios in the event of economic stress, maintaining robust processes, data gathering, quality, storage and reporting methods for effective credit risk management; performing effective turnaround and workout scenarios for wholesale portfolios via dedicated restructuring and recoveries teams; maintaining robust collections and recovery processes/units for retail portfolios. The credit risk management teams in the Barclays Bank Group are accountable to the Barclays Bank Group CRO, who reports to the Barclays Group CRO. For wholesale portfolios, credit risk managers are organised in sanctioning teams by geography, industry and/or product. In wholesale portfolios, credit risk approval is undertaken by experienced credit risk professionals operating within a clearly defined delegated authority framework, with only the most senior credit officers assigned the higher levels of delegated authority. The largest credit exposures, which are outside the Risk Sanctioning Unit or Risk Distribution Committee authority, require the support of the Senior Credit Officers. For exposures in excess of the Senior Credit Officers’ authority, approval by the Barclays Group Senior Credit Officer/Barclays PLC Board Risk Committee is also required. The Barclays Group Credit Risk Committee, attended by the Senior Credit Officers, provides a formal mechanism for the Barclays Group Senior Credit Officer to exercise the highest level of credit authority over the most material Barclays Group single name exposures. Credit risk mitigation The Barclays Bank Group employs a range of techniques and strategies to actively mitigate credit risks. These can broadly be divided into three types: ▪netting and set-off ▪collateral ▪risk transfer. Netting and set-off Credit risk exposures can be reduced by applying netting and set-off. For derivative transactions, the Barclays Bank Group’s normal practice is to enter into standard master agreements with counterparties (e.g. ISDAs). These master agreements typically allow for netting of credit risk exposure to a counterparty resulting from derivative transactions against the obligations to the counterparty in the event of default, and so produce a lower net credit exposure. These agreements may also reduce settlement exposure (e.g. for foreign exchange transactions) by allowing payments on the same day in the same currency to be set-off against one another. Collateral The Barclays Bank Group has the ability to call on collateral in the event of default of the counterparty, comprising: ▪home loans: a fixed charge over residential property in the form of houses, flats and other dwellings. ▪wholesale lending: a fixed charge over commercial property and other physical assets, in various forms. ▪other retail lending: includes charges over other physical assets; second lien charges over residential property and finance lease receivables. ▪derivatives: the Barclays Bank Group also often seeks to enter into a margin agreement (e.g. Credit Support Annex) with counterparties with which the Barclays Bank Group has master netting agreements in place. These annexes to master agreements provide a mechanism for further reducing credit risk, whereby collateral (margin) is posted on a regular basis (typically daily) to collateralise the mark to market exposure of a derivative portfolio measured on a net basis. ▪reverse repurchase agreements: collateral typically comprises highly liquid securities which have been legally transferred to the Barclays Bank Group subject to an agreement to return them for a fixed price. ▪financial guarantees and similar off-balance sheet commitments: cash collateral may be held against these arrangements. Risk transfer A range of instruments including guarantees, credit insurance, credit derivatives and securitisation can be used to transfer credit risk from one counterparty to another. These mitigate credit risk in three main ways: ▪if the risk is transferred to a counterparty which is more creditworthy than the original counterparty, then overall credit risk is reduced. ▪where recourse to the first counterparty remains, both counterparties must default before a loss materialises. This is less likely than the default of either counterparty individually, so credit risk is reduced. ▪first loss exposures across pools of credit risk can be hedged via synthetic securitisation structures, typically via CLN issuance. As these are fully funded upfront, they provide for a direct reduction in credit risk exposure on referenced pools. In addition, referenced pools of assets can be securitised with specific tranches of risk sold to investors to provide direct reduction in credit risk exposures.
Overview Market risk arises primarily as a result of client facilitation in wholesale markets, involving market making activities, risk management solutions and execution of syndications. Upon execution of a trade with a client, the Barclays Bank Group will look to hedge against the risk of the trade moving in an adverse direction. Mismatches between client transactions and hedges result in market risk due to changes in asset prices, volatility or correlations. Organisation, roles and responsibilities Market risk in the businesses resides primarily in IB and Treasury. These businesses have the mandate to assume market risk. The front office and Treasury trading desks are responsible for managing market risk on a day-to-day basis, where they are required to understand and adhere to all limits applicable to their businesses. The Market Risk team supports the trading desks with the day-to-day limit management of market risk exposures through governance processes which are outlined in supporting market risk policies and standards. Market risk oversight and challenge is provided by business committees and Barclays Group committees, including the Market Risk Committee (MRC). The objectives of market risk management are to: ▪identify, understand and control market risk by robust measurement, limit setting, reporting and oversight ▪facilitate business growth within a controlled and transparent risk management framework ▪control market risk in the businesses according to the allocated appetite. To meet the above objectives, a governance structure is in place to manage these risks consistent with the ERMF. The Barclays Bank PLC Board Risk Committee recommends market risk appetite to the Barclays Bank PLC Board for their approval, within the parameters set by the Barclays PLC Board. The Market Risk Committee (MRC) reviews and makes recommendations concerning the Barclays Group-wide market risk profile. This includes overseeing the operation of the Market Risk Framework and associated policies and standards, monitoring market and regulatory changes, and reviewing limit utilisation levels. The committee is chaired by the Market Risk Principal Risk Lead and attendees include the business heads of market risk and business aligned market risk managers. In addition to MRC, the Investment Bank Risk Committee (IBRC) is the main forum in which market risk exposures are discussed and reviewed with senior business heads. The Committee is chaired by the BBPLC CRO and meets weekly, covering current market events, notable market risk exposures, and key risk topics. New business initiatives are generally socialised at IBRC before any changes to risk appetite or associated limits are considered in other governance committees. Management value at risk (VaR) VaR is an estimate of the potential loss arising from unfavourable market movements if the current positions were to be held unchanged for one business day. For internal market risk management purposes, a historical simulation methodology with a one-year equally weighted historical period, at the 95% confidence level is used for all trading books and some banking books. Limits are applied at the total level as well as by risk factor type, which are then cascaded down to particular trading desks and businesses by the market risk management function.
The Barclays Bank PLC Treasury function manages treasury and capital risk exposure on a day-to-day basis, with the Barclays Bank PLC Treasury Committee together with the Barclays Group Treasury Committee acting as the principal management bodies for the Barclays Bank Group. The Treasury and Capital Risk function is responsible for oversight and provides insight into key capital, liquidity, interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) and pension risk management activities. The assessment and management of the Barclays Bank Group's capital and liquidity position and IRRBB and pension risk requires the use of judgement, assumptions and estimates. Please see the description of material existing and emerging risks beginning on page 50 of this Annual Report for further details on such judgements, assumptions and estimates, including the potential risks involved. Liquidity risk management (audited) Overview The efficient management of liquidity is essential to the Barclays Bank Group in order to retain the confidence of the financial markets and maintain the sustainability of the business. Treasury and Capital Risk have created a framework to manage all liquidity risk exposures under both normal and stressed conditions. The framework is designed to maintain liquidity resources that are sufficient in amount, quality and funding tenor profile to remain within the liquidity limits set by the Barclays Bank PLC Board. The Board sets liquidity limits on both internal and regulatory liquidity metrics. Organisation, roles and responsibilities Treasury has the primary responsibility for managing liquidity risk within the set risk appetite. Both Risk and Treasury contribute to the production of the Internal Liquidity Adequacy Assessment Process (ILAAP). The Treasury and Capital Risk function is responsible for the management and governance of the liquidity risk mandate, as defined by the Barclays Bank PLC Board. The liquidity risk management framework established by Treasury and Capital Risk is designed to deliver the appropriate term and structure of funding, consistent with the risk appetite set by the Barclays Bank PLC Board. The framework incorporates a range of ongoing business management tools to monitor and stress test Barclays Bank PLC's balance sheet and recovery plan, including limit setting. Limit setting and transfer pricing are tools that are designed to control the level of liquidity risk taken and drive the appropriate mix of funds. Adherence to limits reduces the likelihood that a liquidity stress event could lead to an inability to meet the Barclays Bank Group’s obligations as they fall due. The Barclays Bank PLC Board approves the Barclays Bank PLC funding plan, internal stress tests, regulatory stress tests, recovery plan and liquidity risk qualitative statement that supports risk appetite. Barclays Bank PLC’s Treasury Committee is responsible for monitoring and managing liquidity risk in line with Barclays Bank PLC’s funding management objectives, funding plan and risk appetite. The Barclays Group Treasury and Capital Risk Committee monitors and reviews the liquidity risk profile and control environment, providing second line oversight of the management of liquidity risk. The Barclays Bank PLC Board Risk Committee reviews the risk profile, liquidity risk qualitative statement, and the impact of stress scenarios on Barclays Bank PLC’s funding plan/forecast in order to agree Barclays Bank PLC’s projected funding abilities. The Barclays Bank PLC Board Risk Committee also approves liquidity limits to define Barclays Bank PLC's risk appetite liquidity constraint. Capital risk management (audited) Overview Capital risk is managed through ongoing monitoring and management of the capital and leverage position, regular stress testing and a robust capital governance framework. The objectives of the framework are to maintain adequate capital for the Barclays Bank Group and its legal entities to withstand the impact of the risks that may arise under normal and stressed conditions, and maintain adequate capital to cover current and forecast business needs and associated risks to provide a viable and sustainable business offering. The Barclays Bank Group aims to prudently manage its overall leverage position (including risk of excessive leverage) by utilising plausible stress scenarios, reviewing and deploying management actions in response to deteriorating economic and commercial positions. In order to manage contingent leverage risk, the Barclays Bank Group considers the context from which the business consumption arises, the impact of client utilisation on leverage and the available actions to manage. Organisation, roles and responsibilities Treasury has the primary responsibility for managing and monitoring capital adequacy. The Barclays Bank Group Treasury and Capital Risk function provides oversight of capital risk. Production of the Barclays Bank PLC Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP) is the responsibility of Treasury. Capital risk management is underpinned by a control framework and policy. The capital management strategy, outlined in the relevant legal entity capital plans, is developed in alignment with the control framework and policy for capital risk, and is implemented consistently in order to deliver on the Barclays Bank Group’s objectives, which are aligned to those of the Barclays Group. The Barclays Bank PLC Board approves the Barclays Bank PLC capital plan, internal stress tests and results of regulatory stress tests and those of the relevant Barclays Bank Group entities. The Barclays PLC Board also approves the Barclays Group recovery plan which takes into account management actions identified at the Barclays Bank Group level. The Barclays Bank PLC Treasury Committee and the Barclays Group Treasury Committee are responsible for monitoring and managing capital risk in line with Barclays Bank Group’s capital management objectives, capital plan and risk frameworks. The Treasury and Capital Risk Committee (TCRC) monitors and reviews the capital risk profile and control environment, providing second line oversight of the management of capital risk. For the relevant Barclays Bank Group subsidiaries, local management assures compliance with an entity’s minimum regulatory capital requirements by reporting to local Asset and Liability Committees (or equivalents) with oversight by the Barclays Bank PLC Treasury Committee and the Barclays Group Treasury Committee, as required. In 2025, Barclays complied with all regulatory minimum capital requirements. Contingent leverage risk is managed by; i) setting comprehensive leverage (and RWA) targets for each business as part of the Treasury capital management process, taking into account adherence to early warning indicators and maintain a healthy leverage ratio, and; ii) Monitoring execution of actions taken to course-correct as necessary. The Barclays Bank Group maintains a number of defined benefit pension schemes for past and current employees. The ability of schemes to meet pension payments is achieved with investments and contributions. Pension risk arises because the market value of pension fund assets might decline; investment returns might reduce; or the estimated value of pension liabilities might increase. The Barclays Bank Group monitors the pension risks arising from its defined benefit pension schemes and works with the relevant pension fund’s trustees to address shortfalls. In these circumstances the Barclays Bank Group could be required or might choose to make extra contributions to the pension fund. The Barclays Bank Group’s main defined benefit scheme was closed to new entrants in 2012. Interest rate risk in the banking book management (IRRBB) Overview Interest rate risk in the banking book is driven by counterparties deposit taking and lending activities, investments in the liquid asset portfolio and funding activities. As per the Barclays Bank Group’s policy to remain within the defined risk appetite, hedging strategies are executed to mitigate the various IRRBB risks that result from these activities. However, the Barclays Bank Group remains susceptible to interest rate risk and other non-traded market risks from the following key sources: ▪Interest rate and repricing risk: the risk that net interest income could be adversely impacted by a change in interest rates, differences in the timing of interest rate changes between assets and liabilities, and other constraints on interest rate changes as per product terms and conditions. ▪Counterparty behavioural risk: the risk that net interest income could be adversely impacted by the discretion that counterparties may have in respect of being able to vary from their contractual obligations with the Barclays Bank Group. This risk is often referred to by industry regulators as ‘embedded option risk’. ▪Investment risks in the liquid asset portfolio: the risk that the fair value of assets held in the liquid asset portfolio and associated risk management portfolios could be adversely impacted by market volatility, creating volatility in capital directly. Organisation, roles and responsibilities The Barclays Bank PLC Treasury Committee and the Barclays Group Treasury Committee are responsible for monitoring and managing IRRBB risk in line with the Barclays Bank Group’s management objectives and risk frameworks. The BRC and Treasury and Capital Risk Committee monitors and reviews the IRRBB risk profile and control environment, providing second line oversight of the management of IRRBB. The BRC reviews the interest rate risk profile, including review of the risk appetite at least annually and the impact of stress scenarios on the interest rate risk of the Barclays Bank PLC’s banking books. In addition, the Barclays Bank Group’s IRRBB policy sets out the processes and key controls required to identify all IRRBB risks arising from banking book operations, to monitor the risk exposures via a set of metrics with a frequency in line with the risk management horizon, and to manage these risks within agreed risk appetite and limits.
The above table excludes any credit risk mitigation that does not impact the expected credit loss for financial assets measured at amortised cost. Off-balance sheet exposures are shown gross of provisions of £398m (2024: £420m), see Note 23 for further details. In addition to the above, Barclays Bank Group holds forward starting reverse repos amounting to £81.5bn (2024: £108.6bn) which are fully collateralised. Corporate loans at amortised cost include £0.1bn (2024: £0.2bn) of CBILs and CLBILs supported by UK government guarantees of £0.1bn (2024: £0.1bn) which are included within the Risk transfer column in the table. Reported off-balance sheet loan commitments also include exposures relating to financial assets classified as assets held for sale.
Note 1Other financial assets subject to impairment excluded in the table above include cash collateral and settlement balances, reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and other assets. These have a total gross exposure of £186.1bn and an impairment allowance of £145m. This comprises £17m impairment allowance on £184.4bn Stage 1 exposure, £8m on £1.6bn Stage 2 exposure and £120m on £123m Stage 3 exposure. Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts have total impairment allowance of £398m.
Note 1Other financial assets subject to impairment excluded in the table above include cash collateral and settlement balances, reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and other assets. These have a total gross exposure of £169.6bn and an impairment allowance of £150m. This comprises £17m impairment allowance on £168.3bn Stage 1 exposure, £7m on £1.1bn Stage 2 exposure and £126m on £130m Stage 3 exposure. Loan commitments and financial guarantee contracts have total impairment allowance of £420m. guarantees (audited) The following tables present a reconciliation of the opening to the closing balance of the gross exposure and impairment allowance. Transfers between stages in the tables have been reflected as if they had taken place at the beginning of the year. 'Net drawdowns, repayments, net re-measurement and movements due to exposure and risk parameter changes' includes additional drawdowns and partial repayments from existing facilities. Additionally, the below tables do not include other financial assets subject to impairment such as debt securities at amortised cost, reverse repurchase agreements and other similar secured lending, cash collateral and settlement balances, financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income and other assets. The movements are measured over a 12-month period.
Notes 1The £10m of gross disposals reported within Retail mortgages relate to sale of the Italian mortgage portfolio. The £308m of gross disposals reported within Retail credit cards relate to debt sales undertaken during the year. 2Business activity in the year reported within Retail credit cards includes £1.2bn related to acquisition of the GM co-branded card portfolio within USCB. 3Refinements to models used for calculation reported within Retail credit cards include a £(12)m movement in the calculated ECL for the US Cards portfolio. These reflect model enhancements made during the year. Barclays Bank Group continually reviews the output of models to determine accuracy of the ECL calculation including review of model monitoring, external benchmarking and experience of model operation over an extended period of time. This helps to ensure that the models used continue to reflect the risks inherent in the businesses.
Notes 1Business activity in the year reported within Corporate loans include £0.1bn related to acquisition of the GM co-branded card portfolio within USCB. 2Refinements to models used for calculation reported within Corporate loans include a £(89)m movement in the calculated ECL for the UKCB and IB portfolio. These reflect model enhancements made during the year. Barclays Bank Group continually reviews the output of models to determine accuracy of the ECL calculation including review of model monitoring, external benchmarking and experience of model operation over an extended period of time. This helps to ensure that the models used continue to reflect the risks inherent in the businesses. 3The £124m of gross disposals reported within Corporate loans relate to debt sales undertaken during the year. 4In 2025, gross write-offs amounted to £1,101m and post write-off recoveries amounted to £38m. Net write-offs represent gross write-offs less post write-off recoveries and amounted to £1,063m. 5Recoveries and reimbursements include £80m for reimbursements where the Barclays Bank Group has entered into financial guarantee contracts which provide credit protection over certain assets with third parties and cash recoveries of previously written-off amounts of £38m. 6ECL charge on assets held for sale relate to the charges on a co-branded card portfolio in USCB and the German consumer finance business.
Notes 1Loan commitments reported also include exposure relating to financial assets classified as held for sale. 2The gross disposals reported within Retail credit cards and Retail other relate to the German consumer finance business; sale of which was completed in Q125.
Notes 1The £3.2bn of gross disposals reported within Retail mortgages relate to sale of the Italian mortgage loans. The £1.1bn of gross disposals reported within Retail credit cards include £0.9bn sale of outstanding US Cards receivables to Blackstone and £0.2bn of other debt sale undertaken during the year. 2Refinements to models used for calculation reported within Retail credit cards include a £11m movement in the calculated ECL for the US Cards portfolio. These reflect model enhancements made during the year. Barclays Bank Group continually reviews the output of models to determine accuracy of the ECL calculation including review of model monitoring, external benchmarking and experience of model operation over an extended period of time. This helps to ensure that the models used continue to reflect the risks inherent across the businesses. 3Transfers to assets held for sale reported within Retail credit cards relate to a co-branded card portfolio within USCB.
Notes 1Refinements to models used for calculation reported within Corporate loans include a £69m movement in the calculated ECL for the IB portfolio. These reflect model enhancements made during the year. Barclays Bank Group continually reviews the output of models to determine accuracy of the ECL calculation including review of model monitoring, external benchmarking and experience of model operation over an extended period of time. This helps to ensure that the models used continue to reflect the risks inherent across the businesses. 2Transfers to assets held for sale reported within Corporate loans relate to a co-branded card portfolio within USCB. 3The £16m of gross disposals reported within Corporate loans relate to debt sales undertaken during the year. 4In 2024, gross write-offs amounted to £1,221m and post write-off recoveries amounted to £28m. Net write-offs represent gross write-offs less post write-off recoveries and amounted to £1,193m. 5Recoveries and reimbursements include £11m for reimbursements where the Barclays Bank Group has entered into financial guarantee contracts which provide credit protection over certain assets with third parties and cash recoveries of previously written off amounts of £28m. 6ECL charge on assets held for sale relate to the German consumer finance business.
Note 1Loan commitments reported also include exposure relating to financial assets classified as held for sale. Management adjustments to models for impairment (audited)Management adjustments to impairment models are applied in order to factor in certain conditions or changes in policy that are not fully incorporated into the impairment models, or to reflect additional facts and circumstances at the period end. Management adjustments are reviewed and incorporated into future model development where applicable. Management adjustments are captured through “Economic uncertainty” and “Other” adjustments, and are presented by product below:
Notes 1 Includes £3.4bn (2024: £3.7bn) of modelled ECL, £0.5bn (2024: £0.3bn) of individually assessed impairments, £(0.2)bn (2024: £(0.3)bn) of ECL from assets held for sale (co-branded card portfolio) and £0.1bn (2024: £0.1bn) of ECL from benchmarked exposures and debt securities. 2 Management adjustments related to other financial assets subject to impairment not included in the table above include cash collateral and settlement balances £1m (2024: £(1)m), reverse repurchase agreements £1m (2024: £(2)m) and financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income £nil (2024: £(2)m) within the IB portfolio. 3 Total impairment allowance consists of ECL stock on drawn and undrawn exposures.
Economic uncertainty adjustments Economic uncertainty adjustments are captured in two ways. First, customer uncertainty: the identification of customers and clients who may be more vulnerable to economic instability; and second, model uncertainty: to capture the impact of model limitations and sensitivities to specific macroeconomic parameters, which are applied at a portfolio level. The Barclays Bank Group continues to monitor the elevated tariffs, trade tensions, and geopolitical risks, especially in the US. In response, an adjustment of £81m introduced during Q125 within customer and client uncertainty provisions has been retained, with any resulting effects on customer behaviour yet to materialise. Other adjustments Other adjustments are operational and remain in place until incorporated into the underlying models. These adjustments result from data limitations and model performance related issues identified through model monitoring and other established governance processes. Total other adjustments as at 31 December 2025 are £118m (2024: £(29)m) and include: •Retail mortgages £8m (2024: £3m): Reflects operational adjustments in the Mortgage product of the Private Banking portfolio •Retail credit cards £87m (2024: £(23)m): This adjustment reflects provisioning for the GM consumer cards portfolio acquired during the year, while the previously held high-risk account management (HRAM) adjustment was retired following model remediation in USCB •Corporate loans £24m (2024: £(6)m): This adjustment reflects provisioning for the GM business cards portfolio acquired during the year •Debt securities £nil (2024: £(7)m): The movement is driven by the retirement of the Exposure at Default recalibration adjustment following model remediation in the IB portfolio
Notes 1Average Real GDP seasonally adjusted change in year. 2Average UK unemployment rate 16-year+. 3Change in year end UK HPI = Halifax HPI Meth2 All Houses, All Buyers index. 4Average US civilian unemployment rate 16-year+. 5Change in year end US HPI = FHFA house price index, relative to prior year end.
Notes 1Average Real GDP seasonally adjusted change in year. 2Average UK unemployment rate 16-year+. 3Change in year end UK HPI = Halifax All Houses, All Buyers index, relative to prior year end. 4Average US civilian unemployment rate 16-year+. 5Change in year end US HPI = FHFA house price index, relative to prior year end.
Note Specific bases show the most extreme position of each variable in the context of the downside/upside scenarios, for example, the highest unemployment for downside scenarios, average unemployment for baseline scenarios and lowest unemployment for upside scenarios. GDP and HPI downside and upside scenario data represents the lowest and highest points relative to the start point in the 20 quarter period.
Average basis represents the average quarterly value of variables in the 20 quarter period with GDP and HPI based on yearly average and quarterly CAGRs respectively.
Notes 1 UK GDP = Real GDP growth seasonally adjusted; UK unemployment = UK unemployment rate 16-year+; UK HPI (31.12.24) = Halifax All Houses, All Buyers Index; UK HPI (31.12.25) = Halifax HPI Meth2 All Houses, All Buyers index; US GDP = Real GDP growth seasonally adjusted; US unemployment = US civilian unemployment rate 16-year+; US HPI = FHFA house price index. 20 quarter period starts from Q125 (2024: Q124). 2 Maximum growth relative to Q424 (2024: Q423), based on 20 quarter period in Upside scenarios; 5-year yearly average CAGR in Baseline; minimum growth relative to Q424 (2024: Q423), based on 20 quarter period in Downside scenarios. 3 Lowest quarter in Upside scenarios; 5-year average in Baseline; highest quarter in Downside scenarios. Period based on 20 quarters from Q125 (2024: Q124). 4 Maximum growth relative to Q424 (2024: Q423), based on 20 quarter period in Upside scenarios; 5-year quarter end CAGR in Baseline; minimum growth relative to Q424 (2024: Q423), based on 20 quarter period in Downside scenarios. 5 5-year yearly average CAGR, starting 2024 (2024: 2023). 6 5-year average. Period based on 20 quarters from Q125 (2024: Q124). 7 5-year quarter end CAGR, starting Q424 (2024: Q423). dispersion of results around the Baseline, highlighting the impact on exposure and ECL across the scenarios. Model exposure uses exposure at default (EAD) values and is not directly comparable to gross exposure used in other disclosures.
Notes 1.Model exposures are allocated to a stage based on an individual scenario rather than a probability-weighted approach, as required for Barclays reported impairment allowance. As a result, it is not possible to back solve the final reported weighted ECL from individual scenarios given balances may be assigned to a different stage dependent on the scenario. 2.Model exposure and ECL reported within Retail credit cards and Corporate loans continue to include a co-branded card portfolio in USCB, classified as assets held for sale. 3.Model exposures allocated to Stage 3 do not change in any of the scenarios as the transition criteria relies only on observable evidence of default as at 31 December 2025 and not on the macroeconomic scenario. 4.Material corporate loan defaults are individually assessed across different recovery strategies. As a result, ECL of £538m is reported as an individually assessed impairment in the reconciliation table. The use of five scenarios with associated weightings results in a total weighted ECL uplift from the Baseline ECL of 0.8%. Retail mortgages: Total weighted ECL of £2m is aligned to the Baseline ECL (£2m). Retail credit cards: Total weighted ECL of £2,817m is broadly aligned to the Baseline ECL (£2,821m). Total ECL increases to £3,092m under the Downside 2 scenario, driven by an increase in US unemployment rate. Corporate loans: Total weighted ECL of £632m represents a 5.3% increase over the Baseline ECL (£600m). Total ECL increases to £1,076m under the Downside 2 scenario, primarily driven by a decrease in US GDP.
Notes 1.Model exposure and ECL reported within Retail credit cards and Retail Other excludes the German consumer finance business, sale of which completed after the balance sheet date. Model exposure and ECL reported within Retail credit cards and Corporate loans continue to include a co-branded card portfolio, as the sale is expected to close in 2026. 2.Model exposures are allocated to a stage based on an individual scenario rather than a probability-weighted approach, as required for Barclays reported impairment allowance. As a result, it is not possible to back solve the final reported weighted ECL from individual scenarios given balances may be assigned to a different stage dependent on the scenario. 3.Model exposures allocated to Stage 3 do not change in any of the scenarios as the transition criteria relies only on observable evidence of default as at 31 December 2024 and not on the macroeconomic scenario. 4.Material corporate loan defaults are individually assessed across different recovery strategies. As a result, ECL of £329m is reported as an individually assessed impairment in the reconciliation table. 5.Includes negative operational management adjustments. Credit risk concentration by Industry and Geography (audited)
Note 1The Off-balance sheet contingent liabilities and loan commitments excludes the fair value balance of £22,197m in 2025 (2024: £16,338m) and includes exposures relating to financial assets classified as assets held for sale.
The below tables represent credit risk profiles by PD grade for loans and advances at amortised cost, contingent liabilities and loan commitments. Stage 1 higher risk assets, presented gross of associated collateral held, are of weaker credit quality but have not significantly deteriorated since origination. IFRS 9 Stage 1 and Stage 2 classification is not dependent solely on the absolute probability of default but on elements that determine a significant increase in credit risk, including relative movement in probability of default since initial recognition. There is therefore no direct relationship between credit quality and IFRS 9 stage classification.
Notes 1Excludes loan commitments and financial guarantees carried at fair value of £22.2bn (2024: £16.3bn) for Barclays Bank Group. 2Reported loan commitments also include exposures relating to financial assets classified as assets held for sale. 3Exposures reported within Retail credit card and Corporate loans does not include a co-branded card portfolio which is classified as assets held for sale. Loans and advances by product
Note 1 Reflects a Stage 2 adjustment for elevated US macroeconomic uncertainty; with impacts yet to materialise in consumer behaviour.
Note 1Diversification effects recognise that forecast losses from different assets or businesses are unlikely to occur concurrently, hence the expected aggregate loss is lower than the sum of the expected losses from each area. Historical correlations between losses are taken into account in making these assessments. The high and low VaR figures reported for each category did not necessarily occur on the same day as the high and low VaR reported as a whole. Consequently, a diversification effect balance for the high and low VaR figures would not be meaningful and is therefore omitted from the above table. The table below provides detail on the contractual maturity of all financial instruments and other assets and liabilities. Derivatives (other than those designated in a hedging relationship) and trading portfolio assets and liabilities are included in the ‘not more than one month’ column at their fair value. Liquidity risk on these items is not managed on the basis of contractual maturity since these items are not held for settlement according to such maturity and will frequently be settled before contractual maturity at fair value. Derivatives designated in a hedging relationship are included according to their contractual maturity. Open-dated financial assets and liabilities are included within 'not more than one month' due to the availability of withdrawals or redemptions at any time, without notice.
The following table presents the cash flows payable by the Barclays Bank Group under financial liabilities by remaining contractual maturities at the balance sheet date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the contractual undiscounted cash flows of all financial liabilities (i.e. nominal values). The balances in the below table do not agree directly to the balances in the consolidated balance sheet as the table incorporates all cash flows, on an undiscounted basis, related to both principal as well as those associated with all future coupon payments. Derivative financial instruments held for trading and trading portfolio liabilities are included in the 'not more than one month' column at their fair value. Open-dated financial liabilities are also included within 'not more than one month'.
The table below presents the maturity split of the Barclays Bank Group’s off-balance sheet commitments given at the balance sheet date. The amounts disclosed in the table are the undiscounted cash flows (i.e. nominal values) on the basis of earliest opportunity at which they are available.
Note 1. Includes exposures relating to financial assets classified as assets held for sale. Foreign exchange risk (audited)The Barclays Bank Group is exposed to two sources of foreign exchange risk. Transactional foreign currency exposureTransactional foreign currency exposures represent exposures on banking assets and liabilities, denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the transacting entity. The Barclays Bank Group’s risk management policies are designed to prevent the holding of significant open positions in foreign currencies outside the trading portfolio which is monitored through VaR. Banking book transactional foreign exchange risk is monitored on a daily basis by the market risk function and minimised by the businesses. Translational foreign exchange exposureThe Barclays Bank Group's investments in overseas subsidiaries and branches create capital resources denominated in foreign currencies, principally USD and EUR. Changes in the GBP value of the net investments due to foreign currency movements are captured in the currency translation reserve, resulting in a movement in shareholders’ equity.
Other equity instruments relate to exposures arising on foreign currency denominated preference share and AT1 instruments. These instruments are accounted for at historical cost under IFRS and do not qualify as hedges for accounting purposes. The gain or loss arising from changes in the GBP value of these instruments is recognised on redemption in retained earnings. During 2025, total structural currency exposure net of hedging instruments decreased by £1.4bn to £21.4bn (2024: £22.8bn). Foreign currency net investments decreased by £1.6bn to £39.8bn (2024: £41.4bn) driven predominantly by a £2.2bn decrease in US dollars offset by £0.6bn increase in Euro. The hedges associated with these foreign currency investments decreased by £1.2bn to £10.4bn (2024: £11.6bn). Net interest income sensitivityThe table below shows a sensitivity analysis on pre-tax net interest income for non-traded financial assets and liabilities, including the effect of any hedging. This analysis is not a forward guidance on NII and is intended as a quantification of risk exposure utilising the Net Interest Income (NII) metric as described on page 178 of the Barclays PLC Pillar 3 Report 2025 (unaudited), which includes documentation of the main model assumptions.
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