Consolidation. We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider whether the entity is a variable interest entity, or VIE, in which we are the primary beneficiary or whether the entity is a voting interest entity in which we have a majority of the voting interests of the entity. We are deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE when we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses or receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. We generally do not control an entity if the approval of all of the partners/members is contractually required with respect to decisions that most significantly impact the performance of the entity. This may include decisions regarding operating and capital budgets and the placement of new or additional financing secured by the assets of the venture, among others.

Real Estate Properties. We record properties at cost. Our real estate investments in lands are not depreciated. We calculate depreciation on other real estate investments on a straight line basis over estimated useful lives of up to 40 years. We allocate the purchase prices of our properties to land, buildings and improvements based on determinations of the fair values of these assets assuming the properties are vacant. We determine the fair value of each property using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, which may involve estimated cash flows that are based on a number of factors, including capitalization rates and discount rates, among others. In some circumstances, we engage independent real estate appraisal firms to provide market information and evaluations which are relevant to our purchase price allocations and determinations of depreciable useful lives; however, we are ultimately responsible for the purchase price allocations and determinations of useful lives.

We allocate a portion of the purchase price to acquired in-place leases and tenant relationships based upon market estimates of the costs to lease up the property. In determining these allocations, we estimate costs during the expected lease up periods, including carrying costs such as real estate taxes, insurance and other operating income and expenses and costs, and costs including leasing commissions, legal and other related expenses and costs to execute similar leases in current market conditions at the time a property was acquired by us. We allocate this aggregate value, which we refer to as lease origination value, between acquired in-place lease values and tenant relationships based on our evaluation of the specific characteristics of each tenant’s lease. However, we have not separated the value of tenant relationships from the value of acquired in-place leases because such value and related amortization expense is immaterial to our consolidated financial statements. If the value of tenant relationships becomes material in the future, we may separately allocate those amounts and amortize the allocated amount over the estimated life of the relationships. We allocate a portion of the purchase price to above market and below market leases based on the present value (using a discount rate which reflects the risks associated with acquired in-place leases at the time each property was acquired by us) of the difference, if any, between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the acquired in-place leases and (ii) our estimates of fair market lease rates for the corresponding leases, measured over a period equal to the terms of the respective leases. The terms of below market leases that include bargain renewal options, if any, are further adjusted if we determine renewal to be probable.

We amortize lease origination value (included in acquired real estate leases, net in our consolidated balance sheets) over the terms of the associated leases. Such amortization, which is included in depreciation and amortization expense, totaled $33,526, $42,278 and $51,065 during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. We amortize above market lease values (included in acquired real estate leases, net in our consolidated balance sheets) and below market lease values (presented as assumed real estate lease obligations, net in our consolidated balance sheets) as a reduction or increase, respectively, to rental income over the terms of the associated leases. Such amortization resulted in net increases in rental income of $1,777, $1,547 and $1,130 during the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. If a lease is terminated prior to its stated expiration, we fully amortize the unamortized amounts relating to that lease at that time.


	As of December 31,
	2025		2024
Acquired real estate leases:
Above market lease values	$	23,778	$	25,553
Less: accumulated amortization	(14,452)		(14,746)
Above market lease values, net	9,326		10,807

Lease origination value	277,501		314,671
Less: accumulated amortization	(122,641)		(126,285)
Lease origination value, net	154,860		188,386
Acquired real estate leases, net	$	164,186	$	199,193

Assumed real estate lease obligations:
Below market lease values	$	29,132	$	34,670
Less: accumulated amortization	(17,453)		(19,733)
Assumed real estate lease obligations, net	$	11,679	$	14,937

Deferred Leasing Costs. Deferred leasing costs include capitalized brokerage costs and inducements associated with our entering leases. We amortize deferred leasing costs, which are included in depreciation and amortization expense, and inducements, which are included as a reduction to rental income, each on a straight line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Legal costs associated with the execution of our leases are expensed as incurred and included in general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had deferred leasing costs, net of accumulated amortization, of $28,510 and $23,691, respectively. Deferred leasing costs, net are included in other assets, net in our consolidated balance sheets.

Debt Issuance Costs. Debt issuance costs include capitalized issuance costs related to borrowings, which are amortized to interest expense over the terms of the respective loans. Debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, for our mortgage notes payable are presented as a direct deduction from the associated debt liability in our consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, we had debt issuance costs, net of accumulated amortization, of $20,842 and $7,292, respectively, for certain of our mortgage notes payable.

Impairments. We regularly evaluate whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could indicate an impairment in the value of long lived assets. Impairment indicators may include declining tenant occupancy, lack of progress leasing vacant space, tenant bankruptcies, low long-term prospects for improvement in property performance, cash flow or liquidity concerns, legislative, market or industry changes that could permanently reduce the value of a property, or our decision to dispose of an asset before the end of its estimated useful life. If there is an indication that the carrying value of an asset is not recoverable, we estimate the projected undiscounted cash flows to determine if an impairment loss should be recognized. The future net undiscounted cash flows are subjective and are based in part on assumptions regarding hold periods, market rents and terminal capitalization rates. If the carrying value exceeds the projected undiscounted cash flows, we determine the amount of any impairment loss by comparing the historical carrying value to the estimated fair value. We estimate fair value through an evaluation of recent financial performance and projected discounted cash flows using standard industry valuation techniques. In addition to consideration of impairment upon the events or changes in circumstances described above, we regularly evaluate the remaining useful lives of our long lived assets. If we change our estimate of the remaining useful lives, we allocate the carrying value of the affected assets over their revised remaining useful lives.

Environmental Obligations. Certain of our industrial lands in Hawaii may require environmental remediation, especially if the use of those lands is changed; however, we do not have any present plans to change the use of those lands or to undertake this environmental cleanup. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, accrued environmental remediation costs of $6,775 were included in accounts payable and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. These accrued environmental remediation costs relate to maintenance of our properties for current uses, and, because of the indeterminable timing of the remediation, these amounts have not been discounted to present value. In general, we do not have any insurance designated to limit any losses that we may incur as a result of known or unknown environmental conditions which are not caused by an insured event, such as, for example, fire or flood, although some of our tenants may maintain such insurance that may benefit us. Although we do not believe that there are environmental conditions at any of our properties that will have a material adverse effect on us, we cannot be sure that such conditions are not present at our properties or that costs we incur to remediate contamination will not have a material adverse effect on our business or financial condition. Charges for environmental remediation costs, if any, are included in other operating expenses in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. We account for our derivative instrument at fair value. Accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative instrument depends on the intended use of the derivative instrument and the designation of the derivative instrument. The change in fair value of the effective portion of the derivative instrument that is not designated as a hedge or that does not meet the hedge accounting criteria is recorded as a gain or loss to operations.

Equity Method Investments. We account for investments under the equity method when the requirements for consolidation are not met, and we have significant influence over the operations of the investee. We own a 22% equity interest in the unconsolidated joint venture, which owns 18 properties. We do not control the activities that are most significant to this joint venture and, as a result, we account for our investment in this joint venture under the equity method of accounting under the fair value option.

Our leases provide for base rent payments and may also include variable payments. Rental income from operating leases, including any payments derived by index or market based indices, is recognized on a straight line basis over the lease term when we have determined that the collectability of substantially all the lease payments is probable. Some of our leases have options to extend or terminate the lease exercisable at the option of our tenants, which are considered when determining the lease term.

Certain of our leases contain non-lease components, such as property level operating expenses and capital expenditures reimbursed by our tenants as well as other required lease payments. We have determined that all our leases qualify for the practical expedient to not separate the lease and non-lease components under the Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 842, because the lease components are operating leases and the timing and pattern of recognition of the non-lease components are the same as those of the lease components. Income derived from our leases is recorded in rental income in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).

Certain tenants under their leases are required to directly pay their obligations for insurance, real estate taxes and certain other expenses to the vendor and/or the municipality. These obligations, which have been assumed by the tenants under the terms of their respective leases, are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. To the extent any tenant responsible for any such obligations under the applicable lease defaults on such lease or if it is deemed probable that the tenant will fail to pay for such obligations, we would record a liability for such obligations.

Income Taxes. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and, accordingly, we generally are not, and will not be, subject to federal income taxes provided we distribute our taxable income and meet certain organization and operating requirements to qualify for taxation as a REIT. We are, however, subject to certain state and local taxes.

Right of Use Assets and Lease Liabilities. We are the lessee for three of our properties subject to ground leases and one office lease. For leases with a term greater than 12 months under which we are the lessee, we are required to record a right of use asset and lease liability. The values of our right of use assets and related lease liabilities were $3,726 and $3,821, respectively, as of December 31, 2025, and $4,193 and $4,288, respectively, as of December 31, 2024. Our right of use assets and related lease liabilities are included in other assets, net and accounts payable and other liabilities, respectively, in our consolidated balance sheets.

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Shareholders. We calculate basic earnings per common share by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. We calculate diluted net income (loss) per share using the more dilutive of the two class method or the treasury stock method. Unvested share awards and other potentially dilutive common shares and the related impact on earnings are considered when calculating diluted earnings per share.

New Accounting Pronouncements. In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update, or ASU, 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statements Expenses, which requires public entities to disclose specific expense categories such as employee compensation, depreciation and intangible asset amortization. These details must be presented in a tabular format in the notes to financial statements for both interim and annual reporting periods. ASU 2024-03 is required to be applied prospectively but can be applied retrospectively, and is effective for the first annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that ASU 2024-03 will have on our consolidated financial statements.

In May 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-03, Business Combinations (Topic 805) and Consolidation (Topic 810): Determining the Accounting Acquirer in the Acquisition of a Variable Interest Entity, which clarifies the guidance in determining the accounting acquirer in a business combination effected primarily by exchanging equity interests when the acquiree is a variable interest entity that meets the definition of a business. ASU 2025-03 is required to be applied prospectively, and is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. Our early adoption of ASU 2025-03 on June 30, 2025 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-09, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Hedge Accounting Improvements, which clarifies and enhances guidance on hedge accounting, addressing issues arising from the global reference rate reform initiative. ASU 2025-09 is required to be applied prospectively, and is effective for the first annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Our early adoption of ASU 2025-09 on December 31, 2025 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.