| Summary of five year summary |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2021
GBPm | | | 2022
GBPm | | | 2023
GBPm | | | 2024
GBPm | | | 2025
GBPm | | RELX consolidated financial information | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Growth rates | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Underlying revenue growth | | | +7% | | | +9% | | | +8% | | | +7% | | | +7% | | Underlying adjusted operating profit growth | | | +13% | | | +15% | | | +13% | | | +10% | | | +9% | | Adjusted earnings per share growth (at constant currency) | | | +17% | | | +10% | | | +11% | | | +9% | | | +10% | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Adjusted figures¹ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Revenue | | | 7,244 | | | 8,553 | | | 9,161 | | | 9,434 | | | 9,590 | | EBITDA | | | 2,697 | | | 3,174 | | | 3,544 | | | 3,724 | | | 3,846 | | Operating profit | | | 2,210 | | | 2,683 | | | 3,030 | | | 3,199 | | | 3,342 | | Operating margin | | | 30.5% | | | 31.4% | | | 33.1% | | | 33.9% | | | 34.8% | | Net interest expense | | | (133) | | | (194) | | | (314) | | | (296) | | | (283) | | Profit before tax | | | 2,077 | | | 2,489 | | | 2,716 | | | 2,903 | | | 3,059 | | Tax charge | | | (384) | | | (530) | | | (553) | | | (652) | | | (688) | | Net profit attributable to shareholders | | | 1,689 | | | 1,961 | | | 2,156 | | | 2,241 | | | 2,358 | | Cash flow | | | 2,230 | | | 2,709 | | | 2,962 | | | 3,101 | | | 3,301 | | Cash flow conversion | | | 101% | | | 101% | | | 98% | | | 97% | | | 99% | | Return on invested capital | | | 11.9% | | | 12.5% | | | 14.0% | | | 14.8% | | | 15.4% | | Earnings per share (pence) | | | 87.6p | | | 102.2p | | | 114.0p | | | 120.1p | | | 128.5p | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Dividend² | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ordinary dividend per share (pence) | | | 49.8p | | | 54.6p | | | 58.8p | | | 63.0p | | | 67.5p | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Reported figures | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Revenue | | | 7,244 | | | 8,553 | | | 9,161 | | | 9,434 | | | 9,590 | | Operating profit | | | 1,884 | | | 2,323 | | | 2,682 | | | 2,861 | | | 3,027 | | Net interest expense | | | (142) | | | (201) | | | (315) | | | (298) | | | (286) | | Profit before tax | | | 1,797 | | | 2,113 | | | 2,295 | | | 2,557 | | | 2,750 | | Tax charge | | | (326) | | | (481) | | | (507) | | | (613) | | | (672) | | Net profit attributable to shareholders | | | 1,471 | | | 1,634 | | | 1,781 | | | 1,934 | | | 2,065 | | Net margin | | | 20.3% | | | 19.1% | | | 19.4% | | | 20.5% | | | 21.5% | | Cash generated from operations | | | 2,476 | | | 3,061 | | | 3,370 | | | 3,521 | | | 3,735 | | Net debt | | | 6,017 | | | 6,604 | | | 6,446 | | | 6,563 | | | 7,201 | | Earnings per share (pence) | | | 76.3p | | | 85.2p | | | 94.1p | | | 103.6p | | | 112.6p | |
| (1) | Adjusted figures are presented as additional performance measures used by management. Further details on the adjusted measures can be found in the Alternative performance measures section on pages 198 to 206. |
| (2) | Dividend per ordinary share is based on the interim dividend and proposed final dividend for the relevant year. |
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