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ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Business Combinations And Divestitures [Abstract]  
ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES
2025 Activity

Sitio Acquisition

On August 19, 2025, the Company completed a series of transactions in which New Viper acquired Sitio Royalties Corp. (“Sitio”), Sitio OpCo and their respective subsidiaries, pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated June 2, 2025, by and among Former Viper, the Operating Company, Sitio, Sitio OpCo, New Viper, Cobra Merger Sub, Inc. and Scorpion Merger Sub, Inc. (the “Sitio Acquisition”). The Sitio Acquisition was an all-equity transaction valued at approximately $4.0 billion, including customary transaction costs and post-closing adjustments and the partial retirement of Sitio’s net debt of approximately $1.2 billion. The Company funded the retirement of Sitio’s net debt through a combination of cash on hand, proceeds from the issuance of the Guaranteed Senior Notes and borrowings under the Term Loan (as defined and discussed in Note 6—Debt).

Equity consideration for the Sitio Acquisition consisted of the right for Sitio and Sitio OpCo’s former equity holders to receive (i) 0.4855 shares of New Viper Class A Common Stock, for each share of Sitio Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and (ii) 0.4855 OpCo Units, along with a corresponding amount of New Viper Class B Common Stock, for each unit representing limited partnership interests of Sitio OpCo, subject to certain exclusions. The OpCo Units and New Viper Class B Common Stock issued in the Sitio Acquisition are exchangeable from time to time for shares of New Viper Class A Common Stock (that is, one OpCo Unit and one share of Class B Common Stock, together, are exchangeable for one share of Class A Common Stock). Each share of Class C common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, of Sitio was automatically canceled in the transaction for no consideration and ceased to exist upon closing of the Sitio Acquisition. The shares of common stock of Former Viper and Sitio were delisted from the Nasdaq and their respective reporting obligations under the Exchange Act were terminated. As part of the Sitio Acquisition, New Viper issued 38,536,236 shares of Class A Common Stock, 35,619,951 shares of Class B Common Stock and 35,619,951 OpCo Units. In addition, at the closing of the Sitio Acquisition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with certain of Sitio OpCo’s former equity holders, pursuant to which such equity holders received certain demand registration rights with respect to the shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that may be acquired by them in exchange for OpCo Units and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.

The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the Sitio Acquisition represent approximately 25,300 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin and approximately 9,000 net royalty acres in the Denver-Julesburg, Eagle Ford and Williston basins, for total acreage of approximately 34,300 net royalty acres. See Note 13—Subsequent Events for discussion of divestiture of the non-Permian acreage in 2026.

The Sitio Acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805.

2025 Drop Down

On May 1, 2025, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in 1979 Royalties, LP and 1979 Royalties GP, LLC from Endeavor Energy Resources, LP (“Endeavor”), each a seller party and a subsidiary of Diamondback, pursuant to a definitive equity purchase agreement for consideration consisting of (i) $873 million in cash including customary post-closing adjustments, and (ii) the issuance of 69,626,640 OpCo Units and an equivalent number of shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (the “2025 Drop Down”). The OpCo Units and the Class B Common Stock issued in the 2025 Drop Down, as well as the OpCo Units and Class B Common Stock otherwise beneficially owned by
Diamondback, are exchangeable from time to time for shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock (that is, one OpCo Unit and one share of Class B Common Stock, together, are exchangeable for one share of Class A Common Stock). The shares of Class A Common Stock that may be issued to Diamondback and/or its subsidiaries upon exchange of their OpCo Units and shares of Class B Common Stock, including those OpCo Units and shares of Class B Common Stock issued at the closing of the 2025 Drop Down, are subject to the Company’s existing registration rights agreement with Diamondback, dated as of November 13, 2023, previously filed by the Company with the SEC.

The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the 2025 Drop Down represent approximately 24,446 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin, 69% of which are operated by Diamondback, and have an average net royalty interest of approximately 2.2% and then-current oil production of approximately 17,097 BO/d (the “Endeavor Mineral and Royalty Interests”). The Endeavor Mineral and Royalty Interests include interests in horizontal wells comprised of 5,574 gross proved developed production wells (of which approximately 32% are operated by Diamondback), 116 gross completed wells and 394 gross drilled but uncompleted wells, all of which are principally concentrated in the Midland Basin, with the balance located primarily in the Delaware and Williston Basins.

The 2025 Drop Down was approved by (i) the Company’s audit committee comprised of all independent directors and the full board of directors, in each case on January 30, 2025, and (ii) the majority of the Company’s stockholders, other than Diamondback and its subsidiaries, at the special meeting of the Company’s stockholders held on May 1, 2025, as required under the Nasdaq Rules.

The Company funded the cash consideration for the 2025 Drop Down with a portion of the proceeds from the 2025 Equity Offering (as defined and discussed in Note 7—Stockholders’ Equity) and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility. The 2025 Drop Down was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control, with the Endeavor Mineral and Royalty Interests recorded at Endeavor’s historical carrying value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet.

Morita Ranches Acquisition

On February 14, 2025, the Company completed an acquisition of certain mineral and royalty interests located in Howard County, Texas from Morita Ranches Minerals, LLC (“Morita Ranches”) (the “Morita Ranches Acquisition”) pursuant to a definitive purchase and sale agreement for consideration consisting of approximately (i) $208 million in cash, and (ii) 2,400,297 OpCo Units together with an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock issued to certain affiliate designees of Morita Ranches (the “Morita Ranches Equity Recipients”), including customary transaction costs and post-closing adjustments. At the closing of the Morita Ranches Acquisition, the Morita Ranches Equity Recipients (i) became parties to the Third Amended and Restated Limited Liability Agreement of the Operating Company, dated as of October 1, 2024, as amended, and (ii) entered into an Exchange Agreement with the Company and the Operating Company to provide for the right to exchange the OpCo Units and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock acquired by the Morita Ranches Equity Recipients at the closing of the Morita Ranches Acquisition for an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock. In addition, at the closing of the Morita Ranches Acquisition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which the Morita Ranches Equity Recipients received certain demand and piggyback registration rights with respect to the shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that may be acquired by them in exchange for OpCo Units and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.

The mineral and royalty interests included in the Morita Ranches Acquisition represent approximately 1,691 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin, 75% of which are operated by Diamondback, and have an average net royalty interest of approximately 10.9%. The Company funded the cash consideration for the Morita Ranches Acquisition with proceeds from the 2025 Equity Offering. The Morita Ranches Acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition in accordance with ASC 805.

Other Acquisitions

During the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company acquired, in individually insignificant transactions from unrelated third-party sellers, mineral and royalty interests representing 515 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $140 million, including customary closing adjustments. In the second half of 2025, the Company acquired, in individually insignificant transactions from Diamondback E&P LLC, mineral and royalty interests representing 80 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2 million, including customary closing adjustments. The Company funded these acquisitions with cash on hand and borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
2024 Activity

Acquisitions

Tumbleweed Acquisitions

In September and October of 2024, the Company completed a series of related acquisitions including the TWR Acquisition, the Q Acquisition and the M Acquisition (collectively the “Tumbleweed Acquisitions”), each as defined and discussed below.

TWR Acquisition

On October 1, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in TWR IV, LLC and TWR IV SellCo, LLC from TWR IV and TWR IV SellCo Parent, LLC (the “TWR Acquisition”), pursuant to a definitive purchase and sale agreement for consideration consisting of (i) approximately $464 million in cash, including transaction costs and certain customary post-closing adjustments, (ii) 10,093,670 OpCo Units to TWR IV, (iii) an option granted to TWR IV to acquire up to 10,093,670 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (the “TWR Class B Option”), and (iv) contingent cash consideration of $16 million paid in January 2026 (the “TWR Contingent Liability”) based on the average price of WTI sweet crude oil prompt month futures contracts for the calendar year 2025 (the “WTI 2025 Average”), which was between $60.00 and $65.00. Additionally, at the closing of the TWR Acquisition, the Company assumed a royalty income receivable of approximately $24 million.

TWR IV can exchange some or all of its OpCo Units for an equal number of shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and any OpCo Units so exchanged will reduce the number of shares of Class B Common Stock subject to the TWR Class B Option. In addition, at the closing of the TWR Acquisition, the Company entered into a registration rights agreement with TWR IV, pursuant to which TWR IV received certain demand and piggyback registration rights with respect to the shares of the Company’s Class A Common Stock that may be acquired by TWR IV in exchange for OpCo Units. The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the TWR Acquisition represent approximately 3,067 net royalty acres located primarily in the Permian Basin. The Company funded the cash consideration for the TWR Acquisition through a combination of cash on hand, borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility and proceeds from the 2024 Equity Offering (as defined and discussed in Note 7—Stockholders’ Equity).

Q Acquisition

On September 3, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in Tumbleweed-Q Royalties, LLC (the “Q Acquisition”), pursuant to a definitive purchase and sale agreement for consideration consisting of (i) approximately $114 million in cash, including transaction costs and certain customary post-closing adjustments, and (ii) contingent cash consideration of $2 million paid in January 2026 (the “Q Contingent Liability”) based on the WTI 2025 Average, which was between $60.00 and $65.00. The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the Q Acquisition represent approximately 406 net royalty acres located primarily in the Permian Basin. The cash consideration for the Q Acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility.

M Acquisition

On September 3, 2024, the Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding equity interests in MC TWR Royalties, LP and MC TWR Intermediate, LLC (the “M Acquisition”), pursuant to a definitive purchase and sale agreement for consideration consisting of (i) approximately $76 million in cash, including transaction costs and certain customary post-closing adjustments, and (ii) contingent cash consideration of $2 million paid in January 2026 (the “M Contingent Liability”) based on the WTI 2025 Average, which was between $60.00 and $65.00. The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the M Acquisition represent approximately 267 net royalty acres located primarily in the Permian Basin. The cash consideration for the M Acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility.

The Q Contingent Liability, the M Contingent Liability and the TWR Contingent Liability are collectively referred to as the “2026 WTI Contingent Liability.”
Other Acquisitions

In addition to the acquisitions discussed above, during the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company acquired, in individually insignificant transactions from unrelated third-party sellers, mineral and royalty interests representing 261 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $54 million, including customary closing adjustments. The Company funded these acquisitions with cash on hand and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility.

Divestiture

In the second quarter of 2024, the Company divested all of its non-Permian assets for a purchase price of approximately $87 million, including transaction costs and customary post-closing adjustments. The divested properties consisted of approximately 2,713 net royalty acres with current production of approximately 450 BO/d. The Company recorded the proceeds as a reduction of its full cost pool with no gain or loss recognized on the sale.

2023 Activity

Acquisitions

GRP Acquisition

On November 1, 2023, the Company acquired certain mineral and royalty interests from Royalty Asset Holdings, LP, Royalty Asset Holdings II, LP and Saxum Asset Holdings, LP, affiliates of Warwick Capital Partners and GRP Energy Capital (collectively, “GRP”), pursuant to a definitive purchase and sale agreement for 9,018,760 common units and $747 million in cash, including transaction costs and certain customary post-closing adjustments (the “GRP Acquisition”). The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the GRP Acquisition represent approximately 4,600 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin, and approximately 2,700 additional net royalty acres in other major basins. The cash consideration for the GRP Acquisition was funded through a combination of cash on hand and held in escrow, borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility, proceeds from the 2031 Notes (as defined and discussed in Note 6—Debt) and proceeds from the $200 million common unit issuance to Diamondback discussed further in Note 7—Stockholders’ Equity.

2023 Drop Down

On March 8, 2023, the Company acquired certain mineral and royalty interests from subsidiaries of Diamondback for approximately $75 million in cash, including customary closing adjustments for net title benefits (the “2023 Drop Down”). The mineral and royalty interests acquired in the 2023 Drop Down represented approximately 660 net royalty acres in Ward County, Texas in the Southern Delaware Basin, 100% of which were operated by Diamondback, and had an average net royalty interest of approximately 7.2% and then-current production of approximately 300 BO/d. The Company funded the 2023 Drop Down through a combination of cash on hand and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility. The 2023 Drop Down was accounted for as a transaction between entities under common control with the acquired properties recorded at Diamondback’s historical carrying value in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The historical carrying value of the properties approximated the 2023 Drop Down purchase price.

Other Acquisitions

Additionally during the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company acquired, in individually insignificant transactions from unrelated third-party sellers, mineral and royalty interests representing 286 net royalty acres in the Permian Basin for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $70 million, including customary closing adjustments. The Company funded these acquisitions with cash on hand and borrowings under our previous revolving credit facility.